IRONPrepared by: Pauline Veronica R. San Diego

Gerly T. Pagayanan

IRON

• A common metallic element important for the synthesis of hemoglobin.

- Proxidant: contributing to artherosclerosis, DNA damage & carcinogenesis

- Its is the fourth abundant element in the earth’s crust.

- Pure iron is soft, lustrous, ferromagnetic metal.

- The physical properties of iron alloys can be varied over an enormous range of strength, hardness, toughness, corrosion resistance ( in the form of stainless steels) and magnetic properties and ability to take and hold a sharp edge.

DISTRIBUTION:

• RBC containing hemoglobin

• Ferritin & Hemosiderin as Iron storage

• Body tissue containing iron in the form of myoglobin & non heme enzyme

• Iron bound to transferrin

SOURCE:

• Ampalaya, Internal organs

Enhance iron absorption: Ascorbic acid

70-75% of iron is incorporated in transferrin

25% complex to a protein in apoferritin

TOXICITY

• Iron overload is frequently associated in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)

• HH – is a single gene homozygous recessive disorder leading to abnormality in high Fe absorption, culminating in Fe overload.

• Secondary Fe overload may result in from excessive dietary, medicinal, or transfusional Fe intake in Fe due to metabolic dysfunction s

REFERENCE VALUE:

• Male- 65-170 ug/dL

• Female- 50- 170 ug/dL

INCREASE

• Iron poisioning, hemochromatosis, viral hepatitis , non iron deficiency anemia -> Sideroblastic anemia, pernicious anemia

DECREASE

• IDA, malnutrition, malignancy

DEFIENCY

• Iron deficiency about 15% of the worldwide population. Those with a higher than average risk of iron deficiency anemia include pregnant women, young children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age.

• Increased blood loss, decrease dietary iron intake, or ecreased release from ferritin may result in iron deficiency. Reduction in iron stores usually preceeds both a reduction in circulating iron and anemia as demonstrated by a decreased red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and microcytic RBCs.

TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY (TIBC)

• Refers to the amount of Fe that could be bound by saturating transferrin and other minor iron binding protein

INCREASE:

-IDA, hemorrhage, destruction of liver cellDECREASE:

-non IDA anemia, decrease synthesis of transferrin

REFERENCE VALUE: 250-450 ug/dL

UNBOUND IRON BINDING CAPACITY (UIBC)

• measure of the reserve iron binding capacity of the transferrin

UIBC= TIBC- serum iron

TIBC= UIBC + serum iron

PERCENT SATURATION/ TRANSFERRIN SATURATION

• An index of Fe storage

• Ration of iron to TIBC

INCREASE:

-iron overdose, hemochromatosis, sideroblastic anemia, hemolytic anemiaDECREASE:-IDA, malignancy, chronic infection

REFERENCE VALUE: 20-55%

% saturation formula:

SERUM TRANSFERRIN

• Principal iron transparent protein

FORMULA: TIBC(ug/dL) 0.70 =mg/dL

REFERENCE VALUE: 200- 400 mg/dL