AGR-111Lecture

Irrigation systems of Pakistan

By: Dr Ghulam Abbas Shah

Irrigation: Artificial application of water to the land

Irrigation systems in Pakistan

1. Main intake structure and pumping station

2. Conveyance and distribution system

3. Field application system

4. Drainage system

1. Main intake structure and pumping station

• Rivers• Lakes• Dam• Barrage

Annual flow of the rivers is 142 MAF

1. Main intake structure and pumping station

Tube wellAnnual water flow is 33 MAF

Barrage

2. Conveyance and distribution system

• Canals• Distributaries• Minor• Field water course

2. Conveyance and distribution systemCanals

Irrigation canal Link Canal

2. Conveyance and distribution systemDistributaries and minors

2. Conveyance and distribution system• Distributaries• Field water

course

3. Field application system

I. Surface irrigationII. Subsurface irrigationIII. Sprinkler irrigationIV. Drip irrigation

I. Surface Irrigation

Application of water to the field at ground level.

a) Basin irrigationb) Furrow irrigationc) Border irrigation

I. Surface Irrigation

a) Basin irrigationBasins are horizontal, flat plots of land, surrounded by small dykes or bunds.

Peppers

a) Basin Irrigation for wheat

I. Surface Irrigationb) Furrow irrigationFurrow are narrow ditches dug on the field between the rows of crops.

Furrow irrigation by opening the bank or dyke of the ditch

Tomatoes

Furrow irrigation by opening the bank or dyke of the ditch

Lettuce

Furrow irrigation by means of syphons

Maize

Furrow irrigation by means of syphons

Furrow irrigation by means of spiles

Furrow irrigation by means of perforated pipes

Sugarcane

c)

i. Straight border irrigation

ii. Contour border irrigation

ii. Contour border

II. Subsurface IrrigationIn subsurface irrigation water is applied to a series of field ditches deep into soil surface.

II. Subsurface Irrigation

Cotton

III. Sprinkler IrrigationWith sprinkler irrigation, artificial rainfall is created.

III. Sprinkler IrrigationSingle gun sprinkler

III. Sprinkler IrrigationRotating sprinkler

III. Sprinkler IrrigationSeveral rotating sprinkler heads

IV. Drip Irrigation

non-return valve

IV. Drip Irrigation

IV. Drip Irrigation

Maize Apple trees

Questions?