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IS 13570 (2000): Hydraulic Fluid Power - ParticulateContamination Analysis - Extraction of Fluid Samples fromLines of an Operating System [PGD 16: Fluid Power]

IS 13570 : 2000IS0 4021 : 1992

Indian Standard

HYDRAULIC FLUID POWER - PARTI-CULATECONTAMINATION ANALYSIS - EXTRACT:lON

OF FLUID SAMPLES FROM LINES OFAN OPERATING SYSTEM

(First Revision)

ICS 23.100.01

0 BIS 2000

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D SMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

June 2000 Price Group 3

Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems Sectional Committee, BP 15

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) which is identical with IS0 4021:1992 ‘Hydraulic fluid power -Particulate contamination analysis - Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating system’issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of IndianStandards on the recommendation of the Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems Sectional Committee andapproval of the Basic and Production Engineering Division Council.

In hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a fluid ( liquid or gas) underpressure within an enclosed circuit. The fluid is both a lubricant and power transmitting medium.Reliable system performance requires control of the fluid medium. Qualitative and quantitative determi-nation of particulate contamination in the fluid medium requires precision in obtaining the sample anddetermining the nature and extent of contamination. The most representative sample is obtained 1 lsinoa sampler installed in a main flow line where the fluid is flowing in a turbulent manner.

This standard was first published in 1992 by adopting IS0 4021 : 1977. The IS0 standard has sincebeen revised as IS0 4021 :I 992. To align the Indian Standard with international practices, the SectionalCommittee dealing with the subject has decided to revise IS 13570:1992 by adopting the above IS0Standard as Indian Standard.

This revision includes an alternative method to extract a sample from the reservoir of an operatinghydraulic system, but this method should only be used if a suitable sampler is not fitted.

In the adopted standard, certain terminology, conventions and method of presentation are not identicalto those used in Indian Standards. Attention is specially drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be readas ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is touse a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which IndianStandards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their place arelisted below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:

InternationalStandard

IS0 3722:1976 Hydraulic fluidpower - Fluid samplecontainers - Qualifying andcontrolling cleaning methods

Corresponding Indian Standard

IS 13569:1993 Hydraulic fluid powerFluid sample containers - Qualifying andcontrolling cleaning methods

Degree ofEquivalence

Identical

IS0 5598:1985 Fluid powersystems and components -Vocabulary

IS 10416:1992 Fluid power systems andcomponents - Vocabulary (first revision)

do

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, thefinal value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off inaccordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of signifi-cant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in thisstandard.

IS 13570 : 2000IS0 4021:1992

Indian Standard

HYDRAULIC FLUID POWER 7 PARTICULATECONTAMINATION ANALYSIS - EXTRACTION

OF FLUID SAMPLES FROM LINES OFAN OPERATING SYSTEM

(First Revision)

1 Scope

This international Standard specifies procedures forextracting fluid samples from a hydraulic fluid powersystem under operation.

The preferred method is to extract fluid samplesfrom a main flowline of an operating hydraulic sys-tem in such a manner that the particulate contami-nant in the sample is representative of the fluidflowing at the point of sampling.

An alternative method is to extract a sample frornthe reservoir of an operating hydraulic system, butthis method should only be used if a suitable sam-pler is not fitted.

The samples taken are used for particulate con-tamination analysis.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this International Standard. At the time of publi-cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan-dards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this International Standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap-plying the most recent editions of the standards in-dicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintainregisters of currently valid International Standards.

IS0 3722:1976,containers -mefhods.

IS0 5598:1985,- Vocabulary.

Hydraulic fluid power - Fluid sampleQualifyitig and controllthg c l e a n i n g

Fluid power systems atJd components

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, thedefinitions given in IS0 5598 and the following defi-nitions apply.

3.1 clean sample bottle: Sample bottle which hasbeen thoroughly cleaned and verified in accordancewith IS0 3722.

3.2 -fluid sampling, line: The extraction of a sampleof fluid from~a turbulent section of a flow stream.

3.3 fluid sampling, reservoir: The extraction of asample of fluid from the reservoir of an operatingsystem.

3.4 sampler: A device which allows the extractionof a quantity of representative fluid from the hy-draulic system. (See figures 1 and 2.)

3.5 turbulent flow: Fluid flow in which particlemovement, anywhere in the flow, varies rapidly invelocity and direction. Flow may be turbulent whenthe Reynolds number (Rc) is greater than 2 300 andcan be assumed to be turbulent when Re 2 4 000.See annex A.

4 Principles of fluid extraction

4.1 Sampling from fluid lines

4.1.1 Extract samples from main fluid lines in asection where turbulent flow conditions exist, usinga sampler having the following characteristics (seeexample in figure 1):

a) being compatible with the fluid and the systemoperating pressure;

b) permitting on/off valving of sample flow:

IS 13570 : 2000IS0 4021 : 1992

cl

e)

9

9)

h)

0

having the ability lo reduce the pressure valuefrom the system pressure to atmosphere at aminimum flow rate of 100 ml/min (preferably500 ml/min) in the open position; the pressure-reducing device shall not alter the contaminationlevel or distribution;

having a sam[Jhg tube With internal diameter inthe range I.2 mm to 5 mm;

having an extraction point which is located in aturbulent flow zone; if this cannot be assured,use a means of creating turbulence, such as aturbulent flow inducer;

being compatible with the sampling procedureand particle-counting apparatus to be used;

giving repeatable and reproducible samples;

being easy to use and leak-free;

being so constructed that areas where particu-late contaminat ion may set t le out , when thevalve is not in use, are minimized; being so de-signed to minimize the generation of contami-nants by the valve itself; being ~of a type whichcleans itself by flushing.

4.1.2 Ensure that the extraction point is clear of theboundary layer of the system pipework and the axisof the sampler is approximately perpendicular to themain flow stream, preferably entering the systempipework fi-om the top. Arrange the point of exit ofthe sampled fl(Jid such that the flow is directed ver-tically downwards.

4.1.3 Permanently attach the valve, or check valveportion of a quick-disconnect coupling, to the portthrough which the sample is to be taken.

4.1.4 Provide dust caps for the item in 4.1.3 to re-duce the ingress of environmental contaminants.

4.1.5 Operate the hydraulic cir-cuit for not less than30 min to diffuse particulate contaminants as evenlyas possible throughout tile system.

NOTES

1 When a procedure to diffuse particulate contaminantshas been established for a particular system, that pro-cedure should be maintained for all similar systems.

2 If a sample representing normal operating conditionsis desired, the hydraulic circuits should not be operatedfor prolonged periods in an artificially clean environment.

4.1.6 Ensure the sampler is in the wide-open pos-ition when sampling and that it will provide a flowrate of approximately 500 niljmin (minimum100 ml/min). Depending on the system pressure and

valve size, it may be necessary to attach a lengthof small-bore tubing at the shut-off valve outlet inorder to reduce the flow rate. Do not use tubinghaving an inside diameter smaller than I,25 mm.

4.1.7 Locate the sampling valve in an area whereit is readily accessible and away from sources ofenvironmental contamination.

WARNING - Fluid sampling from high-pressurelines can be dangerous and should be performedonly by experienced personnel. If skin is penetratedby fluid whilst taking a sample, see a physician im-mediately; failure to do so may result in seriousharm.

4.2 Sampling from reservoirs

4 .2 .1 I f a sampler cannot be f i t ted direct ly to thesystem, then samples rnay be extracted from thesystem reservoir. However, extreme care should betaken to avoid adding further contamination at thesampling point. Samples extracted by this meansare tess represenlative of the system contaminationthan samples extracted by means of live dynamicsampling.

4.2.2 Extract the sample from a centralized areawhere the fluid is in motion and away from quiescentareas caused -by corners and baffles.

4.2.3 Select a convenient opening in the reservoir,above the fluid level. through which the sampler cane n t e r .

Determine the distance h/2 (as shown in figure2) toestablish the depth of the sampling point below thefluid surface.

Place a reference mark on the sampler to indicatethe surface of the reservoir at point of entry.

4.2.4 Carefully select the method of extracting thesample and ensure that the ingress of contaminant,from the environment, is kept to a minimum.

4.2.5 A proven method is shown in figure2. Thisconsists of a bottle cap with special fitt ings fordrawing fluid samples into the sample bottle usinga vacuum source. Lengths of laboratory grade flex-ible tubing, compatible with the fluid being sampled,are also required.

4.2.6 Two clean sample bottles are required:

bottle A. used for flushing the tubing prior totaking the sample (may be re-used);

bottle B, used to contain the sample.

4.2.7 A supply of filtered solvent is also required.

2

IS 13570 : 2000IS0 4021 : 1992

4.2.8 Operate ihe hydraulic circuits to diffuse thepart iculate contaminants as evenly as possiblethto\Jghout the reservoir.

NOTES

3 When a procedure to diffuse particulate contaminantshas been established for a particular system, that pro-cedure should be maintained for all similar systems.

4 If a sample representing normal operating conditionsis desired, the hydraulic circuits should not be operatedfor prolonged periods in an artificially clean environment.

5 Sampling procedure

5.1 Sampling from fluid lines using samplers

5.1.1 Clean Ihe external surfaces of the sampler.A supply of filtered solvent will assist in this.

5.1.2 Where a sampler incorporating a quick-disconnect coupling is used, attach the separablepotlions to the permanently attached portion afterremoving the dust cap.

5.1.3 Open the sarnpler and flush through the valvewith a sufficient quantity (normally at least 500 mlof fluid but not less than five times the total volumeof the sampler), collect in a separate container anddiscard. Do not close the valve after flushing.

5.1.4 Uncap the precleaned sample bottle, placethe sample bottte under the emerging jet of fluid andfill the bottle to about 75 % of its total volume. Donot allow the satnpler to come into contact with thesample boltle.

5.1.5 When sufficient volume has been collected,remove the sample bottle, replace the cap immedi-ately and close th-e valve.

5.1.6 It is acceptable to else propr ietary samplecontainers of the type which do not require the bottlecap to be retnoved. If these are employed, it isnecessary lo allow the sample valve to come intocontact with the sample bottle inlet tube. Take greatcare to avoid exterior contamination of the sampleby this action.

5.1.7 Where a sampler incorporating a quick-disconnect coupling is used, disconnect the separ-ate pot-lions of the sampler and remove any residualfluid films by flushing with a suitable solvent.

5.1.8 Replace the dust cap on the permanentlymounted section of the valve.

5.2 Sampling from reservoirs

5.2.1 Select a suitable area of the reservoir fromwhich the sample is to be extracted (see 4.2). Cleanthe area around the entry point before breaking intothe reservoir.

5.2.2 Using an arrangement as shown in figure 2,draw about 200 ml of prefiltered solvent through thesampling line to bottle A using a vacuum source.

5.2.3 Remove bottle A from the special cap ~of thesampling apparatus and discard the solvent. Re-attach bottle A to the special cap and insert thesampling tube into the desired area of the reservoir.

5.2.4 Draw approximately 500 ml of fluid (but notless than five times the total volume of the sampler)through the tubing and discard the fluid.

5.2.5 Rernove the cap frorn the precleaned samplebottle B and attach the bottle to the special cap ofthe sampling ~apparatus. Draw off sufficient volumeto fill the sample bottle to about 75 % of its totalvolume using the volume source.

5.2.6 Remove sample bottle B from the special capand immediately seal with its original cap. Recon-nect sample bottle A to the special cap and with-draw the sample tube from the reservoir.

5.2.7 Fit the closure to the reservoir.

6 Labelling

The sample bottle shall be provided with a labelbearing the following information, as appropriate:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f-l

sample reference number;

date and time of sample;

system reference;

fluid type, fluid temperature and (if known) theflow rate;

sampling location and pressure used;

running time.

IS 13570 : 2000 IS0 4021 : 1992

7 Identification statement (Reference to

this International Standard)

“Method of extracting fluid samples conforms to IS0 4021:1992, Hydraulic fhid power - Particulate corltarninafion analysis - Extraction of fluid samples

Use the following statement in test reports, cata- logues and sales literature when electing to comply with this International Standard:

from lines of an operating system.”

Dimensions in millimetres

Flow

Check valve, male qulck- -- disconnect coupling

Dust caps

Non-check valve, female quick-disconnect coupling Ilf used1

- Shut-off valve

Figure 1 - Typical example of a field-type sampler

4

L

IS 13570 : 2000IS0 4021 : 1992

T

u---------- - _ _k---- - ----- -- i-- - --_- .- - - -- _-_ ---

I---F==r----

~Flexlble tubing ,,

l----_-- - - _

- - _- _

---_

\ Welghted plug(If necessary)

- Reservafr

Sourceofreduced

f--- pressure

Special cap to sultf&Id being sampled

Sample bottle

Figure 2 - Typical example of a reservoir sampler

5

IS 13570-:2000IS0 4021:1992

Annex A(informative)

Calculation of Reynolds number, Re

f is the density of fluid, in kilograms percubic metre;

where 11 is the dynamic viscosity, in centipoises;

I_, is the pipe diameter, in millimetres; V is the kinematic viscosity, in square

I/ is the fluid velocity, in metres per second;millimetres per second.

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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards arc also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changesarc needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they arc in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issueof ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. BP/PE 15 (0192).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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