is 1885-34 (1972): electrotechnical vocabulary, part 34: cinematography · cinematography [etd 1:...

44
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. इंटरनेट मानक !ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-णSatyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफJawaharlal Nehru “Step Out From the Old to the New” जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकारMazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” !ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह Bharthari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards]

Upload: others

Post on 29-Aug-2020

10 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34:Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards]

Page 2: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL
Page 3: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL
Page 4: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972

Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY

PART XXXIV CINEMATOGRAPHY

Ekctrotechnick Standards Sectional Committee, BTDC 1

Chairman .

SHRI s. SWAYAHBU

268, St. Antbny’s Road, Bombay

Rlprcmrting

Dkctorate General of Posts & Telegraphs ( Depart- .menS of Communications )

DnucroacwTzLm3RI+3=(X)(Al~tr DR A. S. BWURI National 1 at House, Calcutta

&m K. M. CIKINNA~PA &nuG.K.Taruurt (d-lknuk)

Relays Sectional Committee, ETDC 35, 1.51

D-St Electronics & Radar Dcvelgmt Establishment

Dmncron (TED ) ( Minw of Dcfcnce), B+g+re

Ccn*HW$;& Power Commwon ( Power Wing ),

DEPWY DIRBCIW ( TED ) ( Altim& ) slim v. M. G0o-l-a

SHRI K. MAYTEMN

SXRl S. S MURW

SARI R. C. NARAYANAN

SHRI U. K. PAT~ARDHAN Transformers Sectional Commitret, ETDC 16, IS1 DR G. M. PHADKR Indian Electrica! Manufacturers’ Association, Calcutta

SHRI J. R. MAAAJAN ( Altmurtc ) &RX R. I~DHAKRZSHAI Ccntial Electrochemical Research Institute ( CSIR ),

Karaikudi SHRI H. N. VENKOBARAO ( Alkmatc)

SHRI K. M. SiNGLAIR Heavy Electricals ( India ) Ltd, Bhopal %tRl K. RAMANATWAN ( Al(nnot# )

SHRI R. K. TANDAN &RI S, THIRWEHICATACF~ARI

National. Physic+ Laboratov ( CSIR j , hew Delhi Ek~~~~;~Equrprncnt SectIonal Committee, ETDC

Da H. V. K. UDUPA Secon&ry Cells and Batteries Sectional Comm;‘tteq ETLiC 11, IS1

DR B. H. \~ADIA Semiconducror Devic,es and Integrated Circuits

%RI J. S. ZAVERI

Secticnal Committee? ETDC 40, ISI Rotating Machinery SectIonal Cornmtttre, ETDC 15,

IS1 SRRI Y. S. VENKATESWARAX, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&io Mr$o j

Director ( El& tech ) ( &CMtUV ) ( contmei on pugc 2 )

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAI: MARG

NEW DRLHI 110002 . ‘.

Page 5: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Mtlam(PucaL)tnrv)-1912’ r

(chahJqfmpaga 1)

Cinematographic Equipment Sectibnal Committee, ETDC 47

A#-#&% Sam S. N. AOARWN,

-n *SRRI B. A. Mnrra~

Pearl Mansion, Bombay

Rejlns#at~ng Cinecita Private Limited, Bombay

SHRI J. R. NAHAR ( Alfmtatc ) SHRI BALRAJ BAANOT Directorate General of Technical Development SARI J. N. BIMRIA Films Division, ( Ministry of Information & BroadeaU-

inn ). Bombay Sanx C. L. AORAWAL (A&ma& ) - ._ .

SHRI Y. R. CH&AN Cinesala Corporation, Delhi Sxnf R.S. .hwisAn ( Akfaak )

DRA.F.~AI- NatiyadP&ypk& L&ratory ( Acoustics Division ) .

cc(DG1)

Sxm P. H. KAPIJA Smu P. N. KO~LI Department of Tea&ii A& National Council of

Educational Research and Training, New Delhi SRRI N. P. B~A~UXARYA ( Al&note )

Saa A.‘M@D KAZI Amco Engineering Corporation, Madras Sxu M. E. N-m Photo&one Limited, Bombay

SHN R. RAUOO+AUN ( AumUrr ) F&n Fcderatick of India, Bombay Iiinduatan Photo Films Manufacturing Co Ltd,

&RI P. J. PA&L &RI c. S.~MJWM’-N ,

Dns.K.J~un(Al-) sauti-

Ootacamund

Nationa! Physical Laboratory (Optics Division) ( CSIR ), New Delhi

DirecDz; General of Supplia & Disposals, New &RI M. SANKARALINGAM

Smu G. R. BIUTIA( Aftrinak) SEXN V. J. 8. WAOU

slim a. M. BHlss ( Al&ma& ) SslN Y. s. VsnMTnwrla~,

Director ( Elec tech )

Wadia Lighting Equipment PA Ltd, Bombay

Director General, IS1 (&-quick Manbn)

Smu T. RAJARAMAN Deputy Director ( Elec tech ), IS1

*Shri B. A. Mistry was Chairman for the meeting in which this standard was finalized.

2

Page 6: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

_..,:.* ’ ,,:‘:+.’ / t $i *:_; . . * ::: &_

*

~?1EWi@++2JXWV)*~$72

Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABtnARY

PART XXXIV CINEPIATOGRAPHY \

0, FOREWORO

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part XXXIV was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 17 May 1972, d ter the draft finalized by the Electrotechnical Standards Sectional Committee, in consultation with the Cinematographic Equipment Sectional Committee, had been approved by the Electrotechnicak Division Council.

0.2 The ddinitions contained in this standard have been drawn up with the object, of striking a correct balance between absolute precision and simplicity. .The principal object of the standard’ is to provide. definitions winch are sufficiently clear so that each term is understood with the same meaning by all the users and it does not., therefore, constitute a treatise on cinematographic terminology. Thus, it may sometimes be felt that the definitions are not sufficiently precise, do not include all cases, do not take account of certain exception or are not identical with those which may be found in other publications designed. with other objects and for- other readers. Such imperfections, which will be eliminated as far as possible in later editions, are inevitable and should be accepted in .the .interest of simplfcity and clarity.

0.3 Some of the terms usedin this field are common with the terms used in the field of acoustics. Such terms may be re$rred to Sections 1 to 3 of Part III of this standard, namely:

IS : 1885 ( Part III/Set 1 )-I965 “Eiectrotechnical ‘vocabulary: Part III Acoustics, Section 1 Physical ‘acoustics

’ IS : 1885 ( Part III/f&x ‘2).1966 Electro~echnical~ vocabulary: Part III Acoustics, Section 2 Acoustical and electra_acoustical sytem :“?

IS: 1885 (Part IIIlSec 3 )-1967 Electrotechn+al vocabulary: Part III Acoustics, Section 3 Sound recording and reproduction

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part XXXIV ) coven terms used in the field of cinematography.

3

I

Page 7: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

‘is* l&;@&&j_.~&

2. TERMINOLOGY ‘_ . ._.

2.1 Abllute Film -, Experimental film- id w&h the: rea! objects are not the midiurn of the narration.

2.2 Achromatb LHIq+A comMnation of a concave -lens of flint glass and a convex lens of crown glass to remove or reduce chromatic aberration.

2.3 Acnity Meter - Apparatus for measuring the degree of acuity.

2.4 Added Scenes - Made to’ensure that the filmed story is well rounded, usually after the takings according to the script.

2.5 ‘&kg-~ The .tatal’ effect of deterioration to a fihn due to wear and/or storage.

2.6 Air -& - Phenonienon in ‘the $ocessei film due td’ air pre&t in one of the baths.

7.7 ‘~.,softohn.aopOa _~$p$v$@y~ch~ loi frequyies predominite.

nsur.~op86tYd - Sound’k w&h high f&qu&icits predominate. . 2.9 &mbit ( Qaanteur ).- The .iine forming. the circumference ‘of, an object. :

2.10 AnrpWbr Bar Tc Portable container for amplifiers.

2.11 .An~osing - Term applied in cases ,where anamorphosis of ~QER& picturesoccur during printing.

2.12 Aaamoqwh&ii - Squeezed picture that by means ofspecially shaped mirrors or lenses may be projected as a normal image.

2.13 Addmory?rote I+ --‘Kens used in large screen,, pictures to project a normal’ image onto the screen from squeezed print.

2.!4 A~amorpho~ Picta~~- Picture taken on the principle of ananiorphosis. : _

2.U.l Xon-A&wrphotic Pi&n - Picture which is not anamorphotic.

2.15 Angle of Rake ( Angle of ‘Prdjectiom ) - The angle which the projector axis makes with the horizontal during projection.

2.16 Angle of Reflection T- An+ between a reflected ray and the normal ( pcrpcndicular ) to a surface it strikes

2.17 Angle Shot - Shot obtained by’rolling the camera.

2.18 Animated Cartoon - Film the individual images of which are drawn by artist+ \

2.19 Animation -The preparing of the cells of a cartoon film. ’

4

Page 8: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

IS : l&5 ( Part XXXIV ) - 1972 z

2.26 Amimations - Mechanical devices which impart apparent move- ment to inanimate subjects. ‘.

2.21 Animator - The man who draws the cells of an animated cartoon. .

2.22 Apertural EfF&t source is located.

- The smallest area in which t& image df a point

2.23 Ape+are - A optical system.

n opening that allows passage of light through an I

2.24 Aperture Plate - Plate! of metal, incorporating -the aperture in ,a projector, printer or camera.

2.25 Apochromatic Lew - Achromatic leng corrected for three colours.

2.26 Aprop-Tank - Contaiher for processing fihns.

2.27 Arc Lamp -Lamp with carbon electrodes widely used in motion. picture projectors.

2.28 Arc ‘Light source of light.

-A lighting apparatus containing an electric arc as a 1

2.23 Artada Horizon - Artificial hill against the background of’which pictures of particular scenes are taken.

2.30 Artificial Light Exposure - Exposure made by mclans of artificial light oniy.

2.31 Aspect RLtio - Aspect ratio is the. ratio of width ti.&ght of a projected picture image. I

NOTE -This b the more common usage, although the term is also applied, $0 photo- graphic images and to camera, printer aqd projector apertures.

2.32 Astigmatism-The effect whereby a parclltl beam of light with obIique incidence does not give a single point at t&_focus, but t:vof&al lines.

!2~~irAt~ospheric Absorption - Absorption of erreigy ( sound or light ) .

2.34 Audio Miser - Means in which the output signals of ttio or more sources are mixed. c:

2.35 Auditorium Noise - Noise inherent to the auditorium or hall itself.

2.33 Automatic Printing Machine - Machine printing sound and pictures in successive fully-automatic operations.

2.37 Automatic Shutter - Device for cutting off the rays of ligllt fi-0F the film, when the machine stops.

5

Page 9: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.29 Av8slt-&mde Film -Film made by artists who want to do away with existing trends and try to find new ways of expression.

2.99 Ax&s &Projection -A straight line from the centre of the picture to the centre of the projected image on the screen.

2.49 Baby &ot - Alighting equipment containing incandescent lamps with a power of 750 W and below and capable of giving a narrow be& of light.

2.41 Backgromd F&n -A picture print spe@&ally made for use in’ project backgrounds.

2.42 bekgrarpd PZAte ( BackgFollnd Print Film )-A background plate ( backgrounxl print film ) is a picture print made specially for use in projection background or similar process work, and is a print of a back- ground plate negative.

2.49 B~I~ground LaeQnpeaker - Loudspeaker for producing the accompanying sound in the studio.

2.44 Backgrouad Music - Musk accompanying a certain action on the Screen and often recorded beforehand.

2.45 Background Projection - Projection of a moving or static scenery, used as a background during the shooting of a picture.

2.46 Bmkgrommd Title - Title, the letters of which appear on a back- ground other than a uniform area.

2.47 hoking - Fixed or movable decoration at the back of a scene.

2.49 Sack-Light - Projection lamp which illuminates the back of the scene.

2.49 Back-Lighting - Lighting the background from a spot which aofi- guards against interference with the lighting of the rest of the scene.

2.59‘Back Lot - A vast acreage found in connection with most studios where exteriors are made.

2.51 8ad Picture - Bad photographic take.

2.22 Me Blanket-Felt or muslin-covered sheet hung about a set to absorb sound.

2.59 B&nce &ripe - A magnetic coating or coating of’ another materid that is equal in thickness to, but may be narrower than the stripe used for recording. It is applied along the opposite edge of the film. Its primary purpose is to equalize the efhztive thick ,of the two edge& the striped film in order to obtain uniform winding. The stripe is some- times used tbr the recording of additional sound or control tracks or,rignal.

6

Page 10: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.S4 Balandmg Blade - The blade of a shutter eliminating the fliiker on ,, the screen due to the shutter movement.

2.56 B8nk of Lights - Rectangular box containing a row of incandes- cent lamps. . a

2.56 Barrel Distortion -Distortion of the picture! in Lwhich ,tke sid& bulge like a barrel.

2.57 Barrel Shutter - Shutter of cylindrical form in which the obturat- ing blades form part of the cylinder surface.

2.56 Barrier - The thin black track between sound track and pictures.

2.56 Base - Celluloid or acetate’component of film, on which the emul- sion is applied.

4

2.52.I Film &se LThe plastic material upon which a photographic emulsion is coated, namely, the support for the emulsion in the photogra- phic film. .I

Nom -Ml film,basc xhanufacturcd for motion picture use ‘since 1952 has been dety base.

2.59.1.1 Sufety base -The slow-burning film support used for. motion picture films which complies with IS : 5431-19690.

I : .,

2.66 Bass Boost - Means to give preferred amplification, to the lower frequencies.

2.61 Beam Splitting System -An optical- process whereby identical- multiple copies are obtained simultaneously from a single master. , . .

2.62 Beater Moveme@ - In this method of intermittent- movement,, tlq film is moved by a series of beats, each beat gauged to d&v. the film down the space of one frame. \

2.62 Big Spot -A large rotary lamp.

2.64 Binocular Matt - A matt placed over the camera lens that has an aperture the shape of keyhole.

/ :

2.65 Bird’s Eye View - elevated spot.

A shot taken under a certain angle from an

2.66 Black and White Film the processed* film.

- Film containing only black and white in

2.67 Black Drop - A piece of black velvet dropped , as background for the set to lend a night effect.

+Dcfinition of motion picture safety films.

7

Page 11: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

1

2.68 Bl&hlng- Bleaching is that part of processing which converts a developed silver image into a silver salt.

2.69 Bleeding - Overlapping of colours in dolour photography.

2.70 Blimp - Camera cover of soft sound-proof niaterial.

2.71 Blimped-Casncra - A camera installed in sound-proof casing,

2.72 Bloop- Low frequency sounds due to poorly made blooping- patches.

2.73 Bleeping Notch - A defect in a sound splice.

2.74 ‘Blorcr-up - Term applied in cases where the pictures are printed on a film with a larger picture format than that of the original film.

2.75 Blue Glrmm -A monocle-shaped glass of special blue tint used by cinematographers to determine colour values of a set, when photographing on orthochromatic emulsions..

2.5: BiI&a Ligkt -The signal that monitor man is-ready and standing by .

,

‘2.77 Blurred Pi&Ire -A picture that lacks definition to’ a certain da3ree.

2.79 Blssrri_ng -The reduction of the apparent sharpness of definition of objects iri the reproduced scene.

2.79 BEa? PW --rA distorted. picture due to a too rapidly carried ouo pan E&t.

2.99 bter Light - Light used to illuminate shadow regions in a scene.

2.91 Bottom 9pNbck~ -The sprocket which transports the film after projection towards the take-up spool.

2.92 Bkerthing - Film flutter arising out of excess heat at the.aperture.

2.93 Brightnems - Perfect brightness is that quality ,of the reproduced picture which in its black and white parts satisfies the spectator.

2.84 BuckI@ - Undesired effect of excessive heat on the film.

2.85 Buxx-Trek - Test track wir.h noise recordings (see u&o IS : 6561- 1972. ).

2.96 & - In general, a non-circular rotating piece in a, mechanism. In particular, the device which operates the intermittent movement of the film in a motion picture projector, camera or printer.

*Specification for test films for 35 mm motion picture sound rcproducaq photographk type.

Page 12: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

i

Is t 1983 ( Part XXXIV) 3972

267 Camera Angk - Angle of view taken by the motion picture camera. Usually refers to the horizontal angle.

2+88 Camera Ape#ure - Diameter of that part of the lens used in taking a photograph.

2.89 Camera Boo& - Sound-proof booth, containing cinematographer and his equipment to prevent nois e of camera mechanism from reaching microphone.

2.90 Camera Buckle -Jammed film inside the camera.

2.91 Camera 4Jhain -Camera, camera control unit and the power supply.

2.92 Camera Coverage -The area covered by the lens of the camera.

233 Camera Crane - Camera platform which can be r&d.

2.94 Camera Doily - Wheel support for carrying and moving the camera. ,

2.93 Camera Hood - Shield to keep the straylight out.

2.93 Camera Lines - The area covered by the lens of the camera.

2.97 Camera Mount - Any kind of camera support other than a tripod.

2.98 Camera Gbifting -The act of rapidly’ changing the physical position of the camera lens with reference to the fixed subject being photographed, or the simulation of the effect of this act by other means.

299 camera &ootiag- Photographing the scene with a camera.

2,199 Cam’ Pofiantr -Component part of Finn f& ‘mechanism in cameras.

2,101 Cam Intermittent Movement - Film moving intermittent mechanism in which the film is transported by means of two rollers one of which being provided with a cam.

2.102 .Cus - Metal container for film:

2yf03 C&artooa &-Decor which is drawn in the manner as in cartoon.

2.104 Cascade Pripter - Printer in which from one negative a number of p&ives.are ma&z in one operation. Used, for example, for newsreel films. 9

Z&O3 Cat WIur- Elevated platform containing the lights and the men in charge of the lighting.

‘2.196 Cell - Single drawing of a cartoon.

9

Page 13: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

t;; co=+= e - Plastic substance used for carrying the light-sensitive .

2.168 #mts~ Leao - In a three-lens condenser, the middle, one of the three lenses.

2.169 Casti pk W&eel - Driving member of double maltese cross.

2.118’ casW8l8hsItter - A shutter placed directly in front of the objec- tive. between the lenses or directly behind the objective and opening from the centre.

3,111 G%qe=oW - In projection, the act of changing from one pro- jector to another, preferably without interrupting the continuity of projection.

2J&wCCU - Marks on the film after the motor-cue in& o reel ‘is at the ehd ‘and a new reel should be changed over

2.113 CLISUS - A complete set of recording equipment from mien% phone to film or disk recording units inclusive.

2.114 c&l68ta@apll Cnmera - Camera for taking the images of mov- ing picture films.

2.115 Cinema@$raphy - The art of photographically recording motion and reproducing it to audiences.

,2.116 C&cl+a - To decrease the lens aperture gradually.

2.117 Circle-Out - To increase the lens aperture gradually.

2,118 C+Bonrd ( Slate ) - A card or blackboard that contains infor- mation pertinent to the scene(s) being for several frames immediately before eat

ihotograz+hed; generally exposed take o a scene.

2.119 Clapstick -A hinged arm attached to the clap-board ( slate ) that is photographed at the start of each scene to identify it; the sound made by the arm when it is brought down on the upper edge of the slate is used as a synchronizing guide for picture and sound.

2.126 Clap Mmk -The mark obtained on a sound film due to the operation of clap-stick.

2,121 Clap Pietu~-The mark obtained on a picture film due to the clap-s tick.

2a22 Claw- Component part of mechanism for intermittent movement.

2.123 ,QI#‘ Maakraism - Mechanism for giving intermittent movement to the film, for example, by means of claw pins and pilot pins.

‘10

Page 14: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.124 claw Iuovtment- Intermittent movement in which the film is moved by two claws or pins engaging the perforations.

2.125 Claw SUpping- Undesired movement in the claw mechanism.

2.126 claw Supply- The supply of a stretch of film by means of the claw movement.

2.127 clprr Tip- That part of the claw wh.&h engages with the film perforations.

t.IZd Clara Medium Shot-A shot between a close-up and a medium ahot.

2.129 Uott-Up -Shot of detail of a scene in image size.

2.139 Clome-Up Vitw - See Close-Up; 2.129.

2.131 coarme-Graiaed - A film is coarse-grained. when the size of the grains is rather large.

~13!3!l~adng Head - Part of film coating machine, whore the emulsion .

2.133 collaedng Lana - In a three-lens condenser, the lens nearest the light source.

2.194 Colour PideIity - The degree to which a coloured picture system is capable of reproducing faithfully the eolours in an original scene.

2.135 Colour FiIm - Film made according to one of the processes avail- able in eolours.

2.136 Colour Pilot -Film comprising a succession of pairs of negative ippager taken from all the successive scenes in the order in which they occur on the original colour negative; a film of this type is used to carry out grading tests and to determine the colour balance corrections for.printing copies.

2.137 Colour Screen- Coloured screen placed before electric lamps ‘to change the colour of the irradiated object or scene.

2.138 Commentary - Narrative accompanying documentaries. /

2.139 computt$td slmt - A picture that asks for special measures in shooting.

,2.140 Compodts Shot - Picture consisting of two different scenes taken at the same time.

2.141 Composite Rtvtrd Origid --;A reversal original which has both picture and corresponding sound on the same film.

11

Page 15: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

IStl665(?utXXXlV)-1972

2,142 cbmcave Lens -A lens with sphex-ical surface thinner at the centre than at the edges.

2.145 coadtnstr onto an object.

- An optical device used to converge the incident light

:

2.144 Cone - Conical opaque objects used on spotlights for light concen- tration.

2.145 Co&al Sheer - A shutter of conical form in which obstructing blade(s) form a part of the conical surface and is placed very close to the picture aperture.

2.1% cew8ct Printer -Printing machine in which the negative is continually in contact with the film for making the positive.

2.147

2.146

i.149 duced

2.150

Ckmtact Printing -See 2.467.2.

Coatau - Se6 23.

Cortrast picture.

- The ratio of two brightness levels in a scene or repro-

contrast Rangp - The ratio of the brightness of the lightest por- tion of a picture to that of the darkest portion.

2.151 Converging Lent - In a three-lens condenser the lens nearest the objective.

2.152 Convex Laps - Lens with spherical surface thicker at the centre than at the edges.

2.155 Cooling Plate - Component part of a cinematograph projector which prevents overheating of the mechanism.

2.154 we - In mechanical recording the central layer or basis support of certain types of laminated media.

‘2.155 Crane - Apparatus for carrying the camera.

2.156 Crank - A handle on a camera or projector; hardly used any more.

2.157 Credit Title-The introductory part of the film containing the names of the production staff, the actors, etc, and the title.

2.158 Creeping - Slow irregular up and down movement of the picture due to printing from a shrunken negative or from uneven shrinking of the print itself.

2.159 Creeping Title - The title of a film which appears gradually on the screen from the left to the right.

12

Page 16: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.168 croulcptdry - Special method of obtaining a desired ef$ect by cutting.

2.161 Cross Wheel ( M8lte8e Cross)- Component part of motion picture apparatus for imparting intermit$ent motion to the film,

2.162 Crotiwt - Camera support preventing sliding of the camera.

2.16s Cprved Runner Plate ( Film-Skate j - Componer,t part of film projector. *

2.164 Cat-In cinematography, suddenly changing from one source of vision to another ( as opposed to fade in or out ),

2.16s Cut-in-Scene - Scene inserted into a film&d taken apart from it.

2.166 CutOtlt - Discarded parts of a film by the editor or cutter.

tBm cutting and Editing - The final step in producing the finished .

‘2.168 Cutting Blade - I light.

The leading blade of the shatter which cuts off the

2.169 Cylindrical Lens - A convex lens the contours of which are cylindrical.

2.170 Dailies - First prints made from original picture records of ‘takes’ exposed during a shooting session.

2.171 Dark Period -The .time between two exposures during projection. I

2.l72 Doa~morpkdq - Term applied in cases where ’ anaqor- phQsed pictures are restored to the normal proportions duriilg printing.

2.175, Depth of Field - The distance in front of and behind the subject in which details remain in acceptable focus.

2.174 Dqpth of Focus - Range of movement of lens that i6 permissible before unsharpneq of object to be photographed sets in.

2.174 Detail Image image.

-Enlarged reproduction of a Fd part of an

2.176 Detectioi - A method of inscribing the reference. marks for pre- paring lip-sync band ( SN also 2.335 )

2.177 Devhoper - A chemical solution used to bring out the latent image in the exposed areas of the light sensitive layer of a plate, film or paper.

2.178 DeveloPimg - Process of chemically treating an exposed photo- graphic emulsion to make the latent image visible.

13

Page 17: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.179 Deve4ophg Hlu+r- Frame carrying the film to be, developed.

2.180 Devdopmncnt Bath - Chemical bath in which the latent image is developed.

2.181 DIalogrre - Fjlm comprising only the dialogue in the langu~& in which post-synchromration has taken place.

2.182 Didogtw Caatiauitf- Document giving the complete text of the dialogue of a film.

2.& Diawgm- In a camera, the iris-Iike device consisting of movable curved blades which may be adjusted to control the limrting aperture.

2.I84 DIUCOIW-, Projection apparatus for diapositives.

2.185 DWWer - A precaution us@ to prevent sunlight or artificial light from cntcridg the lens.

2.1s IHopW LasW -Optical apparatus in which a number of lenses arc placed in a cylindrical rotating drumi

2.187 D&mcteg -The production superintendent.

2.U8 D&ec8 8oWd Pomidve-Film aurying the photographic sound track, record& directly as a positive.

2.189 J&c &a&~r -Shutter which operates with an aperture-obturat- ing disc. It may be single or multipk bladed typo and k may bc placed in.frcat or TCYT.

2.Igo D&W. sag - Occ&ng with long shot exposures.

2.121 Dime- Distortion in optical systems introduced by reason of the fact that the magnifying power of the system is not the same in all directions,

2.122 &erg@ m i A fca~ which spreads the parallel incident light rays.

2.198 w F&Ins-A film 011 subjects OE general interest.

2.194 DolI B~gg7 - Wheel support for carrying and moving the camera. ’

2.1~ xhlly ba -Decreasing the distance betwan the scene to be photo. graphed and the camera.

2.196 ~olI7 Out-Increasing the distance between the scene to be photographed and the camera by moving the dolly ibackwards.

2a7 pdl7: shot - Shooting a moving object and keeping at the same d&naa. ”

Page 18: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

ls:l885(P8rtxxxlv)-1872

2JB6 ,Dombb Claw-Claw with two sets of contact points for ,engaging the perforations.

2.193 Doable Sdge - A sound recording on film of variable width con- sisting of two parallel tracks on one ,medium.

2.200 Dowser -A screen to prevent light from leaving the projection booth of lamphouse, or in general, to prevent the light .from the profection lamp reaching the film.

2.2@1 Drive-iss-Theatn - An open-air cinema theatre where the spec- tators drive in and sit in their cars facing a large screen placed high enough to be visible over the cars in front. The space for parking each car is marked on the ground.

2=2#2 Drum Less* - Optical apparatus in which a number of lenses are placed in a cylindrical rotating drum.

2.203 Drum Shutter - Shutter of cylindrical form !a which the obturat- ing blades form part of the cyliider surface. !

2.234 Dmbbed Version - Film, the sound &et&r afwhichrxWs&~ the dialogue dubbed in a language other than the la;ngiragc~ -of orig%ral recording. : d

2.205 Dubbing - All the post-synchronization operations in &icb artis@ ” record the dialogue in language other than @he language of orig&aJ record- ing, thus supplying the equivalent of the original dialogue of a film.

2.2U6 Dqe- The copy of a positive or a negative. ,

2.SQ7 Dupe Negative - Scs 2.36S.4. ,

2.238 Dupe Positive - Positive made from a positive.

3.W Dpplns - The art of making a duplicate negative or positive.

2.240 Edge PIare - Unwanted illumination occurring at the edge of the picture.

2.211 Edge Fog - Fog at the edges of the film.

2.212 Ed&orial Process - Editorial process is the term used to describe the combining, cutting, editing and other preparation of material obtained. from the or+& material to make the fimshcd motion picture.

2.213 Editorial Se&t - A document listing the successive scenes in an edited film with their dial

o!Y e and indications of the length and any

special effects ( titles, fades, issolves, wipes, etc ).

2.214 &d&or& syncbroniam - ti 25.19~.

2.215 EducatiopJ Film -A film for educational purposes.

15

Page 19: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

l8:1883(Partxxxlv)-1972

2.216 Effective Aperture- Diameter of the imaginary aperture equal to the real diaphragm aperture multiplied by a. factor to correct for the reduction in apparent size produced by the front lens.

2.217 Effect Wghting- Obtaining special lighting effects by means of specially arranged lamps, etc.

2.218 E&et Projector-Special projector used for projecting colour and animated scenic effects.

2.219 Emulsions, photographic - A photographic emulsion consists of dispersion of light-sensitive materials in a colloidal medium, usually gelatin, carried as a thin-layer on film base.

NOTE- Photographic materials are usually designated aa negative or pofitive typed according to their light scnsirivity ( speed) or usage; negative cmuls~ons, m general, being more sensitive than positive cmulslons.

2.220 End Title -AlI the titles at the end of the film.

2.221 EaMtainmemt Fflm , - Film primarily. intended for entertainment.

2.222 Episcqn - Apparatus for projecting image of opaque objects such as postcards, on a screen by malting use of illumination from the front.

2,223 Excessive Reverberation - Undesired effect arising out of lang decay time of sound in an enclosure.

2.224 Exciter Lamp - Lamp used to make reproduction of opdcahy recorded sound possible.

2.223 Exposed Film - Film that has been subject to light influences but has not yet been processed.

2.226 Exposure - Exposing the marginal film to the action of light,

2.227 &poaure Tkne - The time during which each stretch of film is exposed to light.

2.228 Exposure Timer - Measuring apparatus for ascertaining the right exposure time.

2.229 Fade In - The gradual appearance of a picture on the screen.

2.238 Fade Chat - The gradual disappearance of a picture on the screen.

2.231 Fast Modor Efftct - By slowing down the camera mechanism, the resulting projection will show accelerated speed.

2.232 FeatmrcFilm- The essential part of a programme and primariIy based on a story or theme.

2.233 Feed Lift - Implement used in film processing machines, between the splicing unit and the first processing bath.

16

!i ;j

Page 20: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Is:1885(P8rtxxxrV)-1972

D.254 Feed Reel - Reel of film which has not yet passed the aperture.

f.235 Feed sprocket - Th e sprocket feeding film into the cinemato- graphic apparatus.

2.286 Fid&tJ? - The.exactness with which a reproducing system repro- duces the origmal sound of picture details.

2.237 FISH of View Limitdon - Reduction of the field of view by optical rnp*kIls.

2.236 Field ofViSjo0 - The area covered by the lens of the camera.

2.239 Field Pick-Up -’ The recording of events outside the studio by wns of cameras, as sports, festivitils, etc.

2.~:~ Film - The sensitive material’ used for recording pictures -and/or .

2.241 F&n Banding-Th e curvature given to j&e.,.f&n...w_en in the pr~cctor_ @e.

$242 Film Cir - for newsreel s&ok*

Vehicle carrying the filming apparatus, for example

2.243 Film Cement - Glue+ substance to unite two pieces of film.

2.244 FiIxss Copying .Ma&isie-Machine for making I;lositive copies from the’arigitil negatin.

2.245 l?iIm Dry@q Dream- Implement used for drying processed lengths of fihli.

2.246 Si4 G&e- Movable element which, when in operating position, holds the film in proper position against the aperture plate.,

i.247 Film m - Implaent holding the film during developing-

2a Film w -The length of a film expressed in me&es.

2&~tic~WX,&u9 w A collection of special films of scientific and

‘2350 Film Loop --A stretch of Slm formed during transport, such as intheprojectar.

‘2.&l p&n I&p.&8 - Container for unexposed film.

2.252 FiknPrd Am-8 -The complete set of apparatus for developing, fixing and ,& ‘ng exposed Sims.

2,255 Fllra W - Implenient holding the film during developing.

2.254 Film RugMre - Breakdown of film in camera or ‘projector during transport.

Page 21: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Is! lilllj-(l%rtxxxIv)-1972

2.235 Film speed Idcator - Measuring apparatus indicating the speed of the film in the cinematographic‘apparatus.

2.356 Film spliccn- Apparatus for joining the ends of two films.

2.237 Film Weadiag- The operation of starting the film through the projector, camera, etc. \

2.23&I F&m Track- Film guiding component part of camera and projector.

2.233 Fiie Grain Mamter - A he grain, black and white positive f&n printed from an original negative for the purpose of preparing duplicate negatives.

2.260 Fag ( Fiaation) - Film treatment subsequent to developing.

2.231 Flat Pictme - Picture that f”ks contrast and depth. .

2.262 Flicker- The iffect whi&‘occurs when the number of pictures shown on the screen per unit of!time is not ruf%ient to ensure complete persistence of vision. I

2.263 Flicker Freipeacy - That value of the image frequency at which flicker occurs.

2.264 w w - Specially designed rotary shutter.

2.265 Fhtttex- A type of pulsation of pitch in reproduced sound.

2.266 Fbstter EfEect - Undulatory effect in reproduced sound.

2.267 Focudng - Adjustment of the focus of a cinema apparatus to obtain sharp pictures.

2.268 Focu~&s’eea- amponent part to be introduced in the optical axis of the camera for accurately locating and focusing scenes.

2.263 Fag - Darkening of photographic film due to its exposure to ~I-I_ desired light or due to poor emulsion or to Improper development.

2.270 Fogger-Small incandescent lamp used in sound recording to record a fog mark for synchronization purposes.

2.271 Follow-Foeus Device -View finder in which the focusing mech- anism 59 mechanically coupled to the focusing ring on the lens.

2.272 Follow&hot -Shooting a moving object and keeping at the same distance.

2.273 Footlight - The row of lights at the front of the scene.

18

Page 22: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

: \ ’

.

IS: lti(Part~V)-1972

2.274 Four438and Auditorium Control - Volume control to regulate the intensity of the sound in the auditorium when reproducing four+zhannel stereophonic films.

2.275 Four&hmael Stereophonic Film - Picture film with four ma@ netic sound tracks to ensure stereophonic reproduction.

2.276 Frame- A single picture on a motion picture film.

2.277 Fru& ke - Narrow black border separating each picture from the adjacent one.

2.276 Frame Line Noise- Due to incorrect adjustment of the light source for the sound track.

2.276 Frame Noise -Caused by the film in the projector being pulled too far to the right.

2.266 Fraxniq- Registration of a figme with the aperture of a projector during a rest.

2481 Fremel Lenses -Echelon lenses used in spot lights, overhead projectors, etc.

2.262 Frill&g - Separation of the emulsion from the base at the edges.

2,263 Fr&ge -Overlapping of colours in colour picture.

2.264 Props Projecti4m - The projection system in which the picture is projected upcis a non-translucent screen. ’

2.285 Fa &k&g - Sound reproduction system in wkich the scan- ning slit is placed between the exciter lamp and the film.

2.266 Front Shutter- Rotary shutter positioned in front of the gate aperture or in front’of the objective lens.

2.287 From - Frosted gIass screen to d&se light. I

2.!288 Gate - Channel in which the film is held flat during the exposure or the projection.

2269 Gektin - Coloured gelatm screens, placed before electric lamps to change the colour of the irradiated objects or scene.

2396 Geometric Diatortiop -Any aberration which causes the reproduced picture to be geometrically dissimilar to be perspective-plane projection of the original scene.

2.291 Gradin Card ( Time Card ) - A document recording the light values ( as well as the trichrome correction factors ) which should be used during printing, with the object of equalizing the rendering of successive scenes.

19

Page 23: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

. 2.292 Green FiIm - A film that just has left the processmg rooms.

2.293 Xalo - Blurring about a bright light part of a picture due to V&W CauseJ.

2.294 High Aagfe Shot - A shot taken under a certain angle ftpm asi elevated spot.

2.295 High Contrast Image- An image in which the contrast between black and white is great and in which intermediate tones are poor.

2.296 High De&&ion Pi&arc - Image with highly defined contours.

2.297 Hot Spot -A bright area of light appearing in an image which has been projected by a lens system; the spot is usually due to internal reflec- tions within the lens.

2.299 Xssating -Slow regnlar up and down movement, in which the picture regularly and slowly drifts up and down the screen.

2.299 IdentMeadoss LQ~&T - Length of pictures containing 24 frames with real number and picture title.

2.399 Ide&eatim Trailer - Consists of 24 frames containing reel number and picture title.

2.391 Image (&so~gra~c) - Any photographically obtained likeness in a processed photosensittve material.

2.391 .l Anamorphic Image - An ima& which has been produced by an optical system having different horizontal and vertical magni6cations.

Nan-Equal horizontal and vertical magnification k assumed tmkaa the term ana- .morphic is applied rpacilkally.

2.391.2 Black and White Image- An image produced on a black and white film.

2.3913 Colour Image - An image produced on a colour film.

2.391.4 Latent Imug& - The invisible image registered on photographic emulsion due to the reaction produced in the emulsion by exposure to radiant energy. :

NOTE- Tbir image becoma virible after dev&pmcnt. I

2361.5 .TGgatiw Image - A photographic image in which the brightness scale is approximately inverted with respect to the brightness scale of the original. subject. In colour negatives the hue scale is usually, but not necessarily, complementary to the hue scale of the original subject and the brightness scale is inverted.

2.391.6 Picture Image- A photographically obtained likeness of any object on photographic material.

20

Page 24: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.a1.7 Positive httzg~ - A photographic replica in which the tones of the gray scale or colour, values of the originally photographed subject are represented in their natural order.

2.361.8 Sound Image - A photographically obtained sound track or sound . record.

2.362 Image Area - The total surface covered by the image.

2.363 ImaQp contraction - Distortion of the reproduced ,sound track due to under-development or under-exposure.

2.364 bge Growth- Distortion ofthe reproduced sound track due to over-development or over-exposure.

2.305 Incidental Sounds - All sounds as footsteps, door bells, etc, to be incorporated in the final sound track.

2.366 Individm1 Shot Identi5catlon-The mark obtained on a sound film due to the clapper boy.

2.367 Inherent Film Noise - The inherent noise present in the film.

2.366 Insert - Term designating the scenes photographed specially to be inserted at the designated positions in the translated version. Generally used to designate the printed or written material.

2.363 ln~ediata Positive ( Wbqodtbo ) - ,A specially prepared colour print made from an original negative for the purpose of making a duplicate negative.

s 2.310 Intern&tent ,oentPct Plater - Printing apparatus in which images are transferred from the negative on the contacting positivefilm one by one.

2.311 Intemmittent ~achbism -The mechanism feeding the film through the gate. \

2.312 Intarmlttent Movement - Common type of intermittent move- ment for motion picture cameras.

2.313 Intermittent opti=1 Printer-Printing apparatus in which images are projected from the negative &lm on the positive film one by one.

2.314 Intermittent‘ @rockat - Sprocket behind the gate in a projector around which the film is drawn taugy< before a new loop is formed.

2.315 Internegadve - a reversal original film.

Designation p&culiar to negative film printed from

2.316 Jiggling - Rapizi irregular sidewise movement caused by grooved guide rollers, incorrect or uneven gate tension, misalignment of intermittent sprocket shoe, end-play in the mtermittent sprocket shaft, etc.

21

\

Page 25: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

I ;-

I I

2.917 Jockey Roller - certain tension.

Roller keeping the film to be projecti wckr a

zf”!ddtY wan -Part of the stage decorations thad can hi edy .

2.319 Jump- Rapid irregula; up and down movement due to incorrect

gate tension, worn tension pads, etc.

2.320 Jump im Brightness - The sharp transit from black to white in .the reproduced picture.

2.321 Keyhole MaBk -A mat placed over the camera lens that has an aperture the shape of a’keyhole.

2.322 Key Lights - The most important lamps in th? studio during the shooting.

2323 I&k& wt - Light wed to illumi,+te shadow regions.

2.324 I;rteral tiwg Power -The ratio of the distance between image .poi@ and princrpal axis to that of the congregate object and the axis.

!&323 k,aveimdw tint - A prinf,on a #p&al film for producing a dupli- cate negative.

2.326 Probdvt kttdtr - Section of ~~~&cuMxI film attached to the beginning and/or c# of a reel of film.

2.3$&l S&t Lcodn ( HdLadw) - Section of film placed at the begin- ning of each reel df film material comprirhg, in addition to the protective leader proper, the identification and lacing ( threading) information relat- ing to projection or printing.

2.327 rsSmp Heuse -A housing incorporating a light source for @ojec tiop.

2.328 Lens Port - Projectio& Foam opening for letting through the: light beam.

2.329 Lens ti - A large sheet of metal or fabric used to shield mov- ing picture camera lenses from light.

2.330 Lens Hood -A shield, extending beyond the lens on the object side, to exclude light from bright sources outside the object fiild witl+out obstructing light from the latter.

2.331 Lens Turret -Part of a camera enabling to change the lenses mechanically, hydraulically or electrically,

2-2 Light +wen~ - Small movable screens used with light projectors for controlliv the light rays.

22

Page 26: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.333 Light Tmp - Implement to prevent light fUng on the film during the threading of the magazine.

2.334 Linirig Up the Camera- Consisting of alignment, aspect-ratio adjustment, shading, s-distortion and high peaker test.

2.333 LipSync Band - Strip comprising the oscillqgram of the dialogue on which are inscribed the corresponding syllables of the test in the language in which the film is being dubbed. This test is projected in continuous movement with a speed at l/8 or 1 /I2 of the picture film speed, below the corresponding picture during the dubbing operation.

2.336 Locking claw- A claw which during contact with a movifg element keeps this in place for a short time.

2.331 Long Shot - Shootin B

a complete scene with human figures, the recording would include the cet.

2.338 Low Angle Shot - A shot taken under a certain angle from a low spot.

2.339 Magnetic Sotid Film- A film base having film, perforations along one or, both edges and bearing a ferromagnetic coating either completely across the film or in stripes, the coating capable of recording and reproducing sound.

Na -Unpuforat$ materi& usually UC refered to as a magnetic tape.

2.339.1 Full-Coat Ma r

tii Filer applied aclross the 9lm

- It has themagnetic coating compound om edge to edge.

2.339.2 Full-Coat R&&n Pqfhtions Ma&c F&n - It has themagnetic coating compound across the..fihn from perforation to perforation.

2.3393 Mqndic Master- It is a final edited or re-recorded magnetic sound record used for transfer to a magnetic release print or for transfix to a photographic sound negative to be used for manufacturing prints with

’ photographic sound tracks. ’

2339.4 Magneti Original- It is the original or first sound record on a magnetic film.

2.3393 Mag&c Traa.$r- A magnetic sound record owned by electrical re-recording of a magnetic original onto another magnetic film.

2.349 Magnetic s+ing- This is a process by which a magnetic coat- ing compound is applied in the form of single or multiple stripes, having specific widths and placements, to either surface of a film base which may or may not have a photographic emulsion.

2fiEl Main and Credit Title-All the titles at the beginning of a .

23

Page 27: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.362 Maltese-Cross - Sac 2.161.

2.343 Married’Print -Processed film containing picture and sound tracks in their correct relationship.

2,344 Mask - Device to limit the effective area of the picture.

2.345 Mm& Shot-A shot. in which a mask is used to obtain desired effects. -

2.346 Mast& Co&r01 - Switching point and central place for the grouping of amplii%rs, etc.

2.347 M+ster Pr@-$he print from which the duplicate negative is printed.

2,343 Master Sk?i#-;r A shot taken to reproduce the whole scene.

2.343 Master Sound Track - Complete sound track to be married to the picture film.

2.350 Matte Rolls- Film rolls used as light modulators in printing machines for obtaining transitional effects.

y$ Mediam close-u* -A shot between a close-up and a medium .

2.352 Medium Lolrg Shot - A shot between a long shot and a medium shot.

2.353 Medium Shet - Shot between, close&p and long shot. With human figures, it does not generally in&de-feet.

2.354 Meridbnal Focal Lime-The focal line at right angles to the plane passing through the principal axis of the lens and the .axis of the beam ofh#lt.

2.355 M&d kdj e-Not&& made in the edges of negative 6lms to control the copying light intensity.

2.356 Mirror Y The reflecting means behind the &c-lamp or lamp house.

2.357 Mis&&q - The picture not correctly framed; said also when a splice is wrongly made.

2.358 Mixing- The process by which the sound tracks of the dialogue, sound effects and music, separately recorded, are electrically mixed at their respective levels in order to constitute the final sound score of the film.

2358 Motiom Picture Eq&ment - A complete set of sound and image reproducing apparatus, auxiliary apparatus, etc for motion picture theatrer.

Page 28: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

ISrlSS5(PartXXXIV)-1972

2.366 Motion Picture Film - A thin flexible ribbon of transparent plas- tic having perforations and bearing one or more sensitized layeti capable of producing photographic images.

NCQB -The term ‘ film ’ may be applied to unexposed film, to qaed but unproccascd film, and to exposed and processed film.

2.361 Motion Picture Projector Head-The apparatus for projecting ’ recorded images and is a part of a motion picture equipment.

2.362 ModoP Picture Projector - A composite apparatus required for ’ screening motion pictures and their accompanying sound tracks.

2.363 Motor Gue -Circular opaque marks with’ transpar&nt oultine printed from the negative which has had four consecutive frames punched with a die 2.39 mm in diameter. It indicates that the end is near aqd the motor should be started for the change over (see &O 2.111 and 2.112 ).

2.364 Montage - The juxtaposition or partial superposition of a number of individual scenes to form a complete picture.

2.365 Music and Effects Track ( Mu~ffex ) - Film with a tignetic or photographic sound record comprising the mixture of music and sound effects ( without dialogue ) this section is intended to be mixed with the dialogue prepared at the time of dubbing in order to complete the sound section of the dubbed version of the film.

2.366 Music and VocaIs - Film comprising amagnetic or photogra Kc sound record of vocals and music to be mixed with the other parts o P the sound.

2.367 Narrow Gau@ Film -Any film with a width smaller than 32 mm.

2.366 Negative - Film ( black and white or .colour ) comprising, after processing, pictures in which the brightness scale is inirerse to the scene brightness; this may also refer tqa sound track.

2.3611.1 Background Plate Negative - A picture negative which is used for printing background plates.

2.3683 Combined Du#&ate Negative - A duplicate negative on which have been printed the picture and corresponding sound track, with the standard picture/sound relationship for release prints.

2.3685 Combined Negative - Negative film containing pictures and sound recordings.

2.360.4 Dtcplicate Jvegative - Film with negative images made from inter- mediate positives on a special film material by oiie or more successive printing Stages.

25

Page 29: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

22368.5 Forrign Pictwv R&ase Negatk- A, pictum r&asc negative prepared speci6cally for printing foreign version release prints.

NOTB -It is almost invariably a duplicate negative.

2s.Q Original Picture NcgatioG - The negative film that was exposed in a camera and processed to produce a negative image of the original subject.

,

2.369.7 Picture Negative - Film comprising negative picture images made as a result of exposure and cutting. It is intended for making po$ive prints and duplication materials.

2.368.8 Picture Du~icate ( Dupe ) Negative - A picture negative made’fiom black and white, colour or separation mater positive films.

NOTS - It may be wed for making additional printr or it may be cut and edited tq form a part of the picture rdear_e nqativc.

2.369.9 Picture L&v Negation -A picture negative that is usually held in a film ‘library for use in reproducing scenes which would othexwise have to be made as original material fgr each produc~on. .

2.36919 Plkturv R&M Negatk - -A cut‘ and edited picture negat&e used for printing the picture portion of release prints.

NOTB -It may consist of intercut origiad pkturc ncgativa, picture dupe negativea, I+, depending upon the choice of available material or the intended use of the rclea~~ prmt.

2.369.11 R&se Negative -A release negative is a complete negative prepared specifically for printing release prints.

Non-A tdar nqptivc ma? consist 0% separate pkturc and sound ncgatiVu and may be &her proje+ion or cditonal aynchro&m, depending tcchniqvr to be employed in making rdearc prints.

upon the film-processing

2.369.12 7ti NIgetiw - Film comprising only negative images af titles.

2.399 Nqptivc CpMng - Process by which the original and other nega- tive elements are cut and assembled to constitute the final edited version of a film.

2.370 Negative Distortion bulge like a pincushion.

- Distortion of the picture, in which the sides

2.371 Negative Raw Stock - Black and white or colour film iritended for the recording of picture or sound ip negative form.

2.372 Negative Raw Stock witk Pooitive Perforations- Negative film having perforations identical to those of, the standard positive film.

2.373 Newm Reel - Film showing current evefats from all parts of the world.

26

Page 30: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Ir26SS(PaaUxXxv)-1372

2.374 NIa~ti pita - Fihn on a cellulose nitrate base.

2.373 One to One-Term applied to cases where the images an’ reproduced in the same size.

2.376 Obnervadem Hole- Opening or window in the wall of the projection room fbr observing the projected picture.

2.377 opticir Axis -The straight line through the ccntrcs of the light source, lenses, etc.

29378 OPd#al czlWPonS8tioa -Means displacement in continuous systems.

to compensate the picture

2373 Optierl Prindng - Operation of printing by exposure of raw stock via an optical system from the film to be printed.

2.366 opdcal Reduction Printing Equipment - Equipment for carry- ing out the reduction printing process.

2.361 opricrl Scratch-Due to dirt or mcchanical,impcrfection in the slit of the projector.

2r## OPdcal Sound Ree&der-Rquipment incorporating means for producing a modulated light beam and means for moving a light-sensitive medium relative to the beam for recording signals derived Corn sound signals.

2.363O@al&undRcpMd ’ recrr--A combination of light source, optical system, photoelectric cell, or other

% ’ ht-qsitivc device and a mcchaniam

formovingamcdiumcarryi anop means of which the record 3

sound record (usually film), by variations may be converted into electric

signals of approximately like forni.

2364 o@calview Pindor- View finder which works optically.

2.363 Ow - Said of a 6lm when the result of the developing process is that the picture is short of white.

2.366 Or~RxPonir,- Resulting in complete loss of gradation in the developed p&urc.

2.367 m booop - A W&arc light suspended over the set.

2.366 Over-UgRw- The lighting of the scene by means of light sources over it.

2.362 Pam Mmter From --Black and white positive printed on panchromatic emulsion fiGn a reversal or&al film.

2.336 Pan - The movement of the camera in a horizontal plane from one point of the set to another.

tt

Page 31: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Is I 1895 ( P&t XXXXV) - 1972 i

2.991 Perfect Shot - A perfect photographic take.

2392 Perbated Screen- Screen with a large number of small open- ings to allow the sound from the loudspeaker to pass into the auditorium.

2.393 Perforation ( Film ) -Holes punched in the film to engage @se / teeth of the sprockets.

2.394 Penistence of Vision - Sensation of light, as interpreted by the brain persists for a brief interval after the actual light stimulus is removed; successive images, if they follow one another sufficiently rapidly, produce a continuous impression. Use is made of this in the motion picture presentation. \ 2.395 Pitch (Film Perforabn ) - The distance between the centre of two perforations of a film. ,

2396 Positive - Film, black and white or colour, which after printing and processing, contains images having rendition of light and shade as in the original subject; this may also refer to a sound track.

2.397 Positive Raw, Stods-Black and white or colour raw stock intended for .printing from negative picture arid/or sound elements.

2.398 Positive Raiv Stock with Negative Perforations - positive . - black and white or colour having perforations identical to those of negative film. Usually used in special effects photography.

2.399 Positive Release Print@ - Photographic processing machine producing the married prhrt.

2.499 PostqlwhronMng -The series of operations recording in synchronism for the pictures wiih dialogue, sound *effects and music which produce the sound track.

2.491 Photographic Sound’- A sound record in the form of a photo. graphic image.

2.492 Prescoring - Said when sound is recorded before a picture is made.

2.493 Presaure We - Component part of film guiding m&mnism,

2.494 Pressure Guide - Component part of film projector.

2.495 Pressure Pad- Felt pads mounted on brass-spring arms which hold the film or tape in close contact with the head.

2.496 Print - The developed film after being printed from the negative,

2.406.1 ChGGk Print-Corrected or not fully corrected silent or sound positive print made to check the physical or photographic condition of the negative printing elements and, where necessary, the synchronism.

28

Page 32: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

ISr1885(PartKXXrV)-1972

2406.2 Com sit8 Print f

- A positive film having both picture and COITCS- ponding noun on the same film, which may be in editorial or projection synchronism.

2.4&9 Con&sits Doily Ri’nt original corn ite

-A composite daily print is made from an

used for chec IF negative or original sound and picture negatives, and is

‘ng photography, sound quality, action, eta It is in projec- tion synchronism.

2.496.4 cam#osa*t# Master Podive -A composite print usual1 made for the purpose of producing composite or picture and soun cy negatives which would be used for printing release prints.

duplicate

Non - It h uaudly mwle on dupliating poeitive film and my be in either editorial or projection 8yllcIuonism.

2&&!3 Dubbing P&t - Positive Print made from the cut negative or du e negative and intended for cut&& up into elementary scenes mounted in oops for dubbing operations. P

2.4666 Final Trial CompoJitc in which all corrections

-A .composite’prin~, approved for reIease,

have been incorporated. found nec&uary in previous trial composite prints

NoTI-_efiaaltriPlcomporiterrmybeMy~edthe v8cioue trialcompofiiteprin@ d-ding upon the type ad extent of conwamu reqairal.

2.466.7 Firsr Trial Com@itu hint - The firs6 cobposioC print made From the picture and sound-re&se negat&ves 4% the purpose of checking and correcting picture and sound quality, negative cutting and assembly, etc. It is in projection synchronism.

2.4669 POT+ VnJIon T&l ~s#o& Rin& - These are similar to, trial composite prints made dur’ ing the release ofthe parti ZL

release, except that they are made 6r check- language version involved.

244J6.9 Patyhromatic Mostar Posit& 35 mm-It is a black and white print made on a panchromatic film from a colour negative for the pur- poses of making a black and white duplicate negative.

2d6.10 Pi&w Print- A picture : print is a proce&d fihn that possesses a positive picture image of th;i subject or 6lm &rage to which it was exposed.

2.496.11 Picture’ Daily. Print - The first picture print made from the original picture negative for use in checking photographic quality,camera technique act&is, etc.

2496.12 Picture LibTQ Pdt- library negative.

A picture print made from a picture

29

Page 33: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

_

2.4OSJQ Fictwu Master Pesitiw- A print usuafly made on as special f&n for the purpose of producing picture duplicate negatives. ’

2.4W.14 Pictar# Wo* Print - A positive print which usually c&&s of intercut picture daily prints, picture library prints, prints of dblva, montages, titles etc and has synchronism constantly maintained with the

\ corresponding sound work print.

2.496.15 Reduction Reversal Print, 16 mm- A reversal print made on 16 mm reversal film from a 35 mm positive by reduction printing and development by the reversal process.

2.49616 Refmetga Print - Black and white or colour print made in optimum reference conditions, and with which series-produced release prints must conform.

2,4#6.17 R&w Print-&e 2.4#&

[email protected] Raw& Print- Film having a positive image obtained by printing from positive material. ,

2.496.19 Rsocrsal M&r Print, I6mm - A 16 mm reversal print made specifically for use in producing other prints.

&xx-Itbrcaratimarehrmdtoua firt p@on dug&ate, pbtr fhxn It thcb being referred to a~ second gcncration duphata.

2.40&2@ Second, Third, ctc, Trial Gvn#osit# Print - It ia similar to the first trial composite print, but has successive corrections incorporated *ZU a result of viewing the previous trial composite prints.

2.49621 T&vision Print -Positive print with or without a sound record made especially for transmission by telecine equipment.

2.407 Rindng - Printing is the operation of &posing raw stock by using the processed image of another film as the light mod&W.

2.497.1 A and B Printing-This is a method of making ccmposite images, such as fades, dissolves or effects, .in a ,release printer wrthout requiring a duplicating process.

NOTII - The nune comer from the fact that the hirer arc edited into two rcpvate rolt calkd A and Broils. The scquenccs of pictures originally in one roll arc in synchronization with opaque leader in the other roll. When thcsc two arc printed in a separate operation on to a sin introduction of dicta and for

le roll of raw stock, an opportunity ir afforded for the 3 lminating visible splicer op the scrcezt.

2.407.2 Cimtact P&kg- Operation of printing by exposure of raw stock in direct contact with the film to be printed.

2&97.2.1 CorJinuow contact printing -A method of contact printing by which the light modulating film and the raw stock move at the same

\ constant speed past the printing aperture.

Page 34: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.407.2.2 St+ contad pfintiJtg - A method of contact printing UI which the film being copied and the raw stock arc advanced intermittently frame-by-f-, being exposed to the printer light only tihen stationary-

2.467.25 hojhan printiq ( gpti@inting ) - See 2379.

2.468 pitrtiag Tqe - A perforated strip or tape ( usually rovides P

aper’) which

P information concerning the necessary change5 o the printing

ight conditions.

2.469 PrUer Factor - The difference in density produced on the posi- tive copies by the various printers.

2.W Rintar brtsnuk - Reference marks on the picture and 5ound track leaden for effecting proper lacing machines 5o as to achieve synchronization L

tbraading ) of fihns in printing ccn p’cture and sound.

2411 Wine Gruga~ - Operator in the laboratory *ho tries to obtain the bt raultr from the negatrve supplied for making copig.

232 prbthrg L55aa - Lo55 in sound quality due to the copying processes

.

2.412 Procudm6- This is a gcnesic~term 8pplied to the total operation nmessaty to produca a permanent visible image on exposed film.

2.614 Producdam - A gerxral t&m used to describe the processes involv- cd in making all the origmal material that is the basis for the finished motion picture. ,’

2.415 Projacttop Ddstame -The distance between the projecting 1~x15 and the centre of the projectcd~picture.

2.416 Pro~oo Roosn tures arc projtcted.

- A room or enclosure from which motion pic-

,

2.417 Projactien b - The surface on which picture5 are projected.

2.4l7.i Maus WMs Scrrrc - Projection screen with a magnc5ium oxida turf& having nonapacular fin&h.

2.417.2 Mar Scruea -Projection screen covered with small bead- shaped par&& or heady cmbousod‘ for maximum diffasion, giving high r&ectancc but relatively small viewing angle.

Nora - Thy rmy be~parl or duminium c&ted. *

2.428 P+ctor EIBdaacy - The transmitting efficiency of an electro- acou5ficQramducer is. the ratio of the tota! acqurtic power output to the electnc power input. in computmg the electnc power input, rt is cu5to- mary to omit any electric power supplied for polarmation or bias.

2.419 mbjocwr Head -&8 2361.

31

Page 35: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

k ‘.

. \

Is:188!i(PartxxxIv)-1w2

2.420 35 mm Protection Master Po&ive - A positive film made from the final cut and edited black and white or colour release ncgativt. 11n case of damage’ to the release negative,. a duplicate negative could be made from this protection master positive. In the case of colour, this protection master positive will be the colour master positive. _

2.421 Protective Track - Designation of the transfer on magnetic film of either ‘the dialogue track or the music and effects track, with a view to keeping the original track intact.

2.422 Protective Trailer - Strip of film at end of reel identical to protective head leader.

2.423 Publidty Stills- Set of photograph prints of scenes from a film which are intended for publicity purposes when the latter is released to cinemas.

2.424 Push-Ppll Traclr - Sound track with two recordings so arranged that the modulation in one is exactly 180” out of phase with that in the other.

2.425 Rain Effect-Fault in the reproduced picture due to a wrong relation between the maltcti cross and the position of the shutter blade.

2.426 Raw Stock Film- A film which has not been exposed or processed.

2.427 ReaI Image- Image through which the light rays actually pass, such as the image formed by a lens on the ground glass or photographic film of a camera ( image is always inverted ).

2.428 Rear Piojection - The picture projected on a translucent screen from behind and in which projected picture can be viewed by the spectator sitting in front of the screen.

2.423 Rear Scanning- Sound reproducing system in which the film is placed between the exciter lamp and the scanning slit.

2.430 Reductjon Prindag - Optical p&tin where the picture or sound record is printed on a film with a sma er’image sixc than that of f the film to be printed. .

2.431 Redaction Printing Process - Process for converting standard ’ film pictures to narrow gauge ( substandaid ) ‘film pictures.

2.432 Reel and Tray Processi@g Mmzbine - Processing machine using reels and trays for film lengths .up to 60 m.

2.433 Reflecting SCxeCn -Screen used to compensate shadow parts with diffused light.

32

:

Page 36: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

lst Iti (Pmraxxlv)+72

l*_Beldve Apertmre - The ratio,&:f, in which d is the diameter of the aperture andfthe effective fqcal length of the lens.

2.435 Release prkt- Positive print made from the original negative or the duplicate negative for distri.bution purposes; the sound is in the form of a photographic sound track or stripped, magnetic track or both ( MAGOP ).

2.435.1 Anamor#hic Rhse Print- A release print in k&i& the picture image is compressed laterally, requiring a de-anamorphosing lens on the projector to cause objects In the projected picture .to have correct proportions.

2.435.2 Conqhite Rchse Print - A rint having both picture and sound records in projection synchronism on % t e same,fihn.

NOTE -The sound record may be pit&graphic h myHtie or both.

2.435.3 Domestic Re&ase Ptint - A release print -intended for distribution . within the country where the print was manu&turcd and ,ha&rg dialogue in the language of that country. It may be a composite print or.. may have magnetic sound track or tracks on a s&@&W i&n.

, : / rz,;,.: 2.435.4 Foreign Version Release Print-A cumpmtc print in pmjectiqn

synchronism with dialogue made specificaliy fbr the particular language involved.

NCPrE - Sometima superimposed tit& in a djffacnt lan~uagc are used on the p&t. A superimposed title conrbts of printed wosdr ( usually transpucnt ) ovcrlqjng &e picture image. . .

2.435.5 Magoptical Release Print - P: composite release pI;iht, which has both magnetic and photographic ( optic&). s&id tracks.

2.435.6 Wide-Screen Release Print - A print which has no anamorpho& but, when projected, produces a screen ‘image having an aspect ra6o greater than l-33 to 1.

Nm-- Some prints ere made from negativea aps#d in a camera aperture having an aspect ratio of l-33 to 1, but wbicb have been composed for projection to +h~ a projected picture having an aspect ratio greater than l-33 tp 1. A widerma tint may abo be obtained from WI nnaa~~@Gc ?~&ve by de-anamorphwing in the &t pl7MXS.S.

2.43$ Remote ReatorN- The recording of events outside the stup by means of camera, as sports, royal festivities, etc.

2.437 Re-Reeod~- The eke&al process of transferring sound records from one or more films, magnetic tapes or $scs to other films, tape.9 or discs.

2.436 Reoolving Power - The quality of a lens or of a hght_sensit,& emulsion, indicating in how far closely adjoining elements of an &jst con

be reproduced separately.

33

Page 37: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

IS t f8s!5 (‘Pari 3iIxiIv j-’ 1972 :

2.439 Reverse hction - Projection of a film froln end to rtart.

2.449 Reveqwd Fih~ - A rcvaslsal-film is one which, a&r an expos~e, is processed by a first development, a bleach and a redevelopment to reduce a positive image. If exposure .ia made .by printing from a negative, a negative image is produced by’the reversal process.

2.441 Reversal Odgiad Biba -A reversal original is the film ttit .is originally exposed in a camera or recorder and is processed by reversal to produce a positive image.

NOTB -This positive image obtained by the kenal proccw is not the print from_ a negative inakmucb IU right and Icfk arc transpoacd; when VI kw3~ ;: jcction on an opaque screen, th.c emulsion side of the printfrom a negative must facq the light murce and the emulsion side of a reversal original must face tbt lens in order for the screen image to have the same lateral orientation aa the original,scene.

2.442 Reversal Pa~~ieiw - Film rcdting from the printing of a reversal original and carrying images or an optioal sound track or both.

2.449 Revereal Raw St& - Pilm sui’tablc for reversal processing which makes it possible to obtain directly,“after shooting or printing, black and white or colour images corresponding to the originals.

2.444 Rewinding - The process of reversing the winding of a film.

2.445 Rolling - Tilting the c&era on its horizontal axis sideways.

2.446 Rolling Title - A title, the Iin@ of which traverse the picture.

2.447 Rotating Shutter - A shutter &rsisting of a flat -circular disk which rotates around its centre. A hole is made in the disk for the exposute.

2.448 Ranper Plate -Film gyiding coqponent part of camera and projector.

2.448 Rub P&t - Print of a f#n to w presente&o ~$e:produeer, etc, the same day it is taken. f 8

2.4% &feay l%hm -Film c&ii,% 1st 5431~I!XP. ’

2.451 Safety Fire-Tmp - Means tp loca&e the burning of a film in the projector. ,~. )

2.152 SrrskQJ Fad List-The@cal J&es occurring in astigmatism lying in the plane

F assing through the princ&al axis of the lens and the

anis of the beam o Iight.

2.459 Scaoadq Beam -A beam oRlight &uvn m thk f&n used in the prmus of recording and reproduction.

*Definition ofmotion pictwc Mwy films.

34

Page 38: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

2.494 SC- On*- Component part of sound film reproduction apparatus containing the sca.nning slit.

2.433 8cmJeg SUt -Slit in scanning gate to let through light rays from the exciter lamp for sound reproduction from an optical track.

2.436 W- The manuscript contaming all details about the shots to be taken.

2.437 Scemer7 -The art of presenting the scenery in an artistic and realistic way.

2.458 Scratching -Damage to the film surface.

2.439 Screen Brightmess --The attribute of the visual appearance by which the screen seems to emit more or less light. ti 2.460 Screen Tewtr - Building construction in drive-in theatre carrying the screen 6r screens, preferably at a certain viewing angle.

2.461 S-Dittortiom - Horizontal lines tending to twist up or down as the camera moves across.

2.462 Stntitlvt Layer -‘The light sensitrve layer on photographic material.

2.463 Stnsitomtta -Apparatus for measuring the sensitivity of film’s emulsion.

2.464 &msitometIy - The measurement of the light-response characteri- stics of photogmphjc film under spec&ed conditions .of exposure and development.

-2.463 Separate Wbctm Tmck- Film comprising a magnetic or photo- graphic record of only the sound &ects to, be mixed wIth’the other parts of the sound.

2.466 Se~arati Music Track- Film comprising a magnetic or photo- graphic sound record of the musical part to be mixed with the other parts of the sound.

2.467 Sqtt Mas$c and E&&s. Track -Film with two or more magnetic bound record&. comprising the separate music and effects tracks of a sound score. *

2.46S ‘8spr?+oa- Printing operation carried out, starting from a colour original, on a black and white film, with a suitable filter.

2.469 &pM&ns lu8tier - Black and white fihn obtained in the course of separation printing.

2.470 8lporr$ien Potifivt Film, 35 m@ - A 35 mm separation positive is a black and white film ~$th a positive image of the red, green or blue

-.

Page 39: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

IS : 1885 ( Part XXXIV ) - 1972

image component of a colour negative. It is usually made by printing through suitable filters from a colour negative onto a panchromatic. black and white film.

2.471 sha&issg Tricks - Special measures taken mostly in ~.a.:sptclol room for making pictures by means of, for example, a trick table.

2.472 Shatter -A device usually automatic to admit and cut, off light for a predetermine,d interval of time to enabIe photographic exposures to be made.

2.473 Shutter Aperture - The actual diameter of the lens surface used during taking photographs.

2.474 Shutter Axis -The axis of the rotating shutter.

2.475 Shutter Frequency - Usually kept at 48 interruptions per second.

2.476 Silent Fibn - Film without accompanying recorded sotmd.

2.477 Silent Positive i Film printed from a negative with the frame format in use before the introduction of sound.

2.478 Sky Backiqg - A backing with sky details, often used in close-ups.

2.479 Slide Projector - A still projector used in cinema auditorium.

2.480 Slciw Motion Effect -The resulting projection at normal speed showing a slow motion of the performers obtained by accelerating the camera mechanism.

2.481 Sound BoCstW- Sound-proof room for containing the sound camera.

2.482 Sound Effects - Artificially produced accompanying sound.

2.483 Sound Fading Device - Potentiometer used to control volume’ of sound in reproduction, also that used to control intensity of the printer lights.

2.484 Soamd Film - Picture film with accompanying sound optically or otherwise recorded on the-same or a separate medium.

2.485 Sound Print- Any positive obtained by printing from a sound negative, or direct positive recording, or by the reversal process, from another sound positive. A sound print provides a reasonably faithful reproduction of the original sound through the conventional scanning system.

2.485.1 Music Print - A sound print made from a music negative:

2.485.2 Re-rem&d Print - A sound print from a re-recorded sound-track negative.

36

Page 40: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

lat1885~PartXXXIV)-1972

2A8!i.3 Rmztording print- A sound print prepared specifically for use in re-recording to produce a re-r&corded ‘mgative.

2.465.4 Sound Check Print - A ‘sound print made from the sound release negativeSor the purpose of checking negative cutting, printing lights, sound quality, etc. ,

2.48!S.!5 Sound Daily Print - The first sound print made from the original sound ncgative.for checking sound quality, technique, etc.

-2.+65.6 Sound-Effcts Print - A sound print made from a sound-effects negative, or from another sound-effects print by reversal processing.

2.4U17 Sqund Master Positive -A $ound print on special film stock that & ~rrually made from a sound release negativi for the purpose of producing duplicate negatives of the sound record for release printing.

2.46!Ld Sound Work Print--. A soimd print%hat usually consists of inter- cut sound daily prints, but may sljo, include other sound tracks of sound effits or music, or both, on the same or sepprate films, with synchronism constantly maintained with the &&esponding picture work’ print.

2.466 Sbimd Gate- Gate through which the sound record on the film is pulled past the reproducing light beam.

2,467 56und Head (Found &~rodukek ) - That part of the motion picture quipment that contains the optical elements of the sound- reproducing equipment.

2.466 -6oand NW&e 1 Film- &nprising negative images of a j>hoto- graphic sound record. It $ intended/for making positiv? prints.

2.466.1: Music Sgative- A sound negative upbn which music has beey recorded. It is usualiy an orig:nal sound negative but may be a librarn negative.

‘2.466.2 Original Sound Negative - The sound negative that is exposed in a film recorder and, after processing, produces a negative sound image on the film.

2.466.3 Re-recorded Negative - A sound negative which is exposed by re- recording and, when processed, produces a negrrtive soutid track image. ,

2.466.4’ Sound Cut $eg&vc iA sound negative’ that is composed of sections of orignal sound negatives spliced in sequence.

‘2.466.5 Sound-E$cccts Negative - A sound negative upon which sound effects have been recorded. It is ordinarily held,in iibrary stock,

2.466.6 _ Sound Release Negative - A photographic sound negative in the form required for the finil ‘printing operation onto the release print raw stock.

37

Page 41: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

IS: 1885( Pmt3KY!uuv)-1972

US9 Sowed Negative Raw Spmk - A negative raw stock, the u$sion of which is specially designed for sound recording.

2.433 Sound Pwve - A film carrying only a positive photo@@ic sound track.

2.431 Sound Qeed- Speed at which sound pictures are fed through the ,cinrma apparatusequivalent to 24 frames per second.

2.432 Sossnd Track -A narro& band, usually along the margin of a sound film, which carries the sound record. In some cases, a plurality of such bands may be used.

2.493 @her&al Abersmdon- The aberration that occurs when,. with increasing .aperture angle, the incident rays are focussed on diffcient points on the a$s.

, 2.494 lPplldyr Joining together different pieces of processed films.

I 2.433 SplW8S Cement - Glue& substance to unite two pieces of film.

2.49fj SplWReel - A reel of Clm of two or more parts.

2.437 Spot Light - A light source capable of projecting a focussed beam of light to a specific part of the set or stage.

c sproclret- The toothed roller engaging the perforations of the .

2.493 SprocketHIpr(N&e)- The 96 Hz note due to the film running out of alignment i4ith the scanning beam.

2.!530 Squeegee- Implement for removing all the free surface moisture from the film before drying.

2,331 Stak Wheel-Sslc 2.161.

3.5@!4 Stepdint -The absence of undesirable movement of the image ‘as a whole. /

2.303 w& IEfpact - Effect obtained by hearing sound with two cars.

2.!W &m+o& sagd +Was - A sound system in which a plurk- lity of microphones, transmissron channels and loudspeakers are arranged so as to provide a sensation of spatial distribution of the sound ro’urces to the listener of the reproduction.

2.505 Still - Photographic or other stationary illustrative material which may be used in a studio.

25M Still ProjnCd0a - Projection of a single image for checking pur- pora9 etc.

38

Page 42: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

Isrl885(~PartxxxIv)-1972

2397 Subtitle cue siheet -Document listing the texts of successive subtit!es with an indication of the start and finish of each subtitle.

2.5OS Subtitles -Texts inscribed within the picture area of a print either by photographic printing or by engraving and generally used to give an abbreviated translation of the.dialogue in another language.

2.509 Superimposing - The superimposing of two or more images.

2.510 Supply Reel - The spool containing the film going to be played and to be inserted in the feeding mechanism.

2.511 Sync Beep ( Sound Pulse ) -A sound pulse of short duration recorded on the photographic or magnetic track defining synchronism with that picture frame which shows the close of the clapper or the light of a lamp.

2.512 Sys&ronix&en~ Mark - Marks on the picture film and its related + sound film to provide after printing data for relating the picture to the

corresponding sound.

2313 Syn&roJmtn - Synchronism is the relation between the picture and tiund with respect either to the physical location on the film or films or to the time at whrch corresponding picture and sound are seen and heard.

2.513.1 Camera Spchronism - Camera synchronism is the relation bet- ween picture and sound track in a composite camera original.

2.513.2 Editorial S’hronism - Editorial;synchronism is the relationship betyecn the picture and sound film dur+g the editorial process.

2.5133 Projection Synchronism - Projection synchronism is the time relation between picture and corresponding sound in a projection print.

2.514 Synehroaixing Leader - Length of picture consisting of 20 frames ahead of picture start mark and 12 frames, including picture start mark to picture.

2.515 Syneh~onixer - ocketed device used for synchronizing sound and the related picture u for editing films.

r{$ Norx-ThThir can also be an electronic device ured for synchronizing procasu involved in fitm production.

2.516 Tail Leader ( Trailer ) - Section of film at the end of each reel of a fib, containing the identifying information.

$2.517 Test Films - Films for checking the performance of motion picture equipment. o

2.518 Test Print-The first positive to be shown to the producers to judge its qualities.

0 39 i

Page 43: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

ISr18115(PartXXXIV)-1972

2.519 Test Shot - Recording made for test purposes before the Ainal recording takes place.

2.520 Text&s Rackground - Picture negative or positive, su plied without a title and intended to form the background for the tit e in a P foreign language edition.

2.521 Tip-Up Seat - Chair in a ‘theatre the seat of which can be titled.

2.522 Title - Texts or graphics included in the final version of the film. -

2.523 TMbg - The making and insertion of the various titles in the film under manufacture.

2.524 Trailer -Film on very short fbotage, generally consisting of extracts from a longer film and intended to inform the audience of the

I forthcoming presentation of the latter at the cinema..

2.525 Tr8nBfm J&MS - The loss in sound quality during the copying ‘of the optical sound track.

2.526 Travel Ghost - The appearance of white streakes in all’ the high lights of the picture due: to a too early or too late cutting off of the light beam.

2.527 Travelling Masks - Film rolls used as light modul,ators in print- ing machines 62 obtaining transitional effects.

2.528 Under-Devdopmeat - Time of development has been too short.

2.523 Uniformity Error - Error occurring in film perforating machines at the fourth space due 9 not moving the film by the correct amount.

:. !L~m3~o~edines~ - The presence of undesired movement of the image

.

2.531 Unn;inding - Suppfying the film from the upper magazine into the projector.

2.532 Unwinding Spool - The spool delivering the film to be projected \

into the projector. i

2.533 Variable Aperture Shutter - Shutter allowing for increasing in ( the depth of field of the optical system.

2.534 Video Tape Recording - The art-of recording pict.ures 01: magne- tic tape.

2.535 Weave - Slow, irregular picture similar to swaying.

edewise undesired movement of the

2.536 Wide Angle Lens -- Lens having wide ang!e of view, for example pi&-up broad area of stage sA!iag at a short distance.

Page 44: IS 1885-34 (1972): Electrotechnical vocabulary, Part 34: Cinematography · Cinematography [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards] ‘is:.m~~ (&tXXXIV)-1972 Indian Standard ELECTROTECHNICAL

%997 Wide Film - Fii the sizt of which is 1argeFthan 35 mm.

2D52a wipe -Cinematic transition in which the new picture starts as a small area and grows until it covers the whole screen.

k!B9 Worldl#gMstsBmce- The distance between an object to be taken ’ and the nearest face of a lens in the camera.

2.5&I Wow - Efkct of the change in pitch due to variation in speed in the recording or reproducing apparatus.

Z.!Hl ZOO&R Lery - A zoom lens is a lens whose equivalent focal length can be varied’ but where image plane, fqr a given object plane, remained at a fixed distance from tJe mounting flange without the need for refbcussing.