Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 577 (1986): Upholstery leather [CHD 17: Leather, TanningMaterials and Allied Products]

fS : 577 - 1986

Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR

UPHOLSTERY LEATHER

( First Revision )

Leather Sectional Committee, CDC 16

Chairman Representing

SHRI K. V. S. MURTHI Planning Commission, New Delhi

Membars

SHRI SYED ZAFAR ALI Council for Leather Exports, Madras SHRI RAJ GOPAL NAIDU ( Alternate )

SHRI A. K. BASTJ SHRI N. R. DIOHE ( Alternate )

DEVELOP~AENT OFFICER, LEATHER

Ministry of Defence ( DGOF )

Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi

SHRI 0. P. DHAMIJA SHBI G. SUKUY~R ( Ahrnate )

DIRECTOR

Export Inspection Council of India, New Delhi

SHRI P. K. GHOSII SHRI G. S. JOHAL

Cmtr&ather Research Institute ( CSIR ),

Bata India Ltd, Calcutta Punjab State Leather Development Corporation,

1. Chandigarh GENERAL MANAQER, PROJECT ( Alternate )

SHRI N. KANNAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SARI M. K. AWASTH ( Alternate )

SHRI R. C. MALEOTRA The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi

Snar P. BHATTACHARYA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. NARAYA~JAN . Gordon Woodroffc Ltd, Madras

DR E. P. KANNIAPPAN ( Alternate ) SHRI B. AKBAR PASHA Akbar Leathers Ltd, Madras SHRI K. AMEENUR RAHIVIAN Indian Finished Leather Manufacturers’ and

Exporters’ Association, Madras SHRI V. P. NAIMUR RAHMAN ( Alternate )

SHRI S. RAJA The Tanner, Bangalore

( Contintwd on page 2 )

@ CoPyright 1986

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian dpyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 577.1986

( Continued j?om paga 1 )

Members DR P. H. RAO

Represwting Government of West Bengal, Department of

Education. Calcutta SHRI S. K. BASU ( Alternate )

SHRI S. R. SAHA Miaistry of Defence ( DGI ) SHRI P. C. BANERJEE ( Aldernat )

SERI M. K. SAKSENA Leather Research and Testing Laboratory, Directorate of Industries, Kanpur

SERI S. SAIAPATH Tannery and Footwear Corporation of India Ltd, Kanpur

SHRI S. MLJRQAN ( Alf6rnQl6 ) SHRI G. M. SHARIF All India Small Scale Tanners’ and Exporters’

Association, Madras SHRI V. P. A. ABDUL RASEEED

( Allernatc ) Sax1 G. S. SHUliLA Directorate of Marketing and Inspection.

Faridabad DR G. GOPALA RAO ( Aftsznutc )

SHRI S. P. SINUARAM Development Commissioner, Small Scale Indus- tries, New Delhi

SERI M. K. UDAYAVARMA ( Alfanatc ) SHRI R. SUBRAMANIAIK Tata Exports Ltd, Bombay

SHRI A. L. ARJUNAN ( A~lernatc )

SHRI A. R. SWAMINATHAN Bihar Finished Leather Ltd, Patna PROJECT MANAGER ( TECH ) ( Alkrnatc)

SIIRI S. VENKATESWARAN All India Skin and Hide Tanners’ and Merchants’ Association, Madras

SHRI A. SUBRAMANIAN ( Altcrnats ) SHRI SATISH CHANDER, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o@io M6mbcr )

Director ( Chem )

SHRI E. DEVENDAR Assistant Director ( Chem ), ISI

Medium and Light Substance Finished Leather Subcommittee, CDC 16 : I

Convsn6r DR T. S. RAN~ANATEAN Cent;idFaather Research Institute ( CSIR ),

Mcmbars

SHRI A. L. ARJUNAN Tata Exports Ltd, Dewas SHRI R. SUBRAMANIAZ~ ( Ahernatc )

&RI ONKAR CHATTERJI The National Tannery Co Ltd, Calcutta SHRI PROBIR SEN ( &6faQl6 )

SHRI P. K. GHOSH Bata India Ltd, Calcutta SHRI P. BHATTACHARJI ( Altynatc )

( Continusd on page 17 )

2

ISr577-1906

Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR

UPHOLSTERY LEATHER

( First Revision )

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 12 February 1986, after thedraft finalized by the Leather Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.

0.2 The upholstery leather industry, like many other branches of the industry, is in a rapid state of progress, largely brought about by the ever increasing demands of the fashion conscious consumer and the acute com- petition from synthetics. Leather continues to be the ideal upholstery material due to its unique surface and other characteristics.

0.3 This standard was originally published in 1954. The present revision is mainly on the basis of recent technological developments. In this revision, requirements, such as oils and fats content, differential number, tightness of grain, crackiness of grain, tackiness and cracking have been deleted. It is expected that the new requirements on fastness properties, blocking resistance, flexural endurance and adhesion of finish which have been incorporated in this revision would give a better indication on the end-use of the material.

0.4 In this revision, three grades of upholstery leather based on the end- use have been prescribed. Grade I is recommended for furniture without upholstered arms and for gentle use. Grade 2 is recommended for furniture for general usage and Grade 3 is recommended for furniture subjected to severe weathering conditions.

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expres- sing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3

IS:577 - 1986

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes thr requirements, methods of sampling and tests for upholstery leather.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 1640- 1960” and the following shall apply.

2.1.1 Blocking - Unintentional adhesion between the finished surfaces of leather or between the finished surface of a leather and another surface.

3. GRADES

3.1 This standard specifies three grades of material namely Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3 as indicated in Table 1 ( see also 0.4 ).

4. REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Raw Materials - The material shall be either dry, dry-salted or wet-salted hides in the form of evenly trimmed, whole hides. The hide shall be at least 2 square metres in area. It shall not have more than 4 cuts and holes and these shall not interfere with getting usable panels from the piece of leather at a distance more than 250 mm from the edges. The cuts may be either through or surface cuts of not more than 25 mm in length, in case of longitudinal cuts; and 25 mm in diameter, in case of round holes. These defects may include butcher cuts, pin or sore holes, healed up wounds, patches and scratches. Scratches due to thorn, barbed wire or horn shall be more than 50 mm long. A few widely scattered pox marks may be allowed.

4.2 Tanning - The material shall be either chrome tanned or combi- nation tanned. At the end of tanning operation, before drying, suitable fungicides shall be incorporated for all types of leather in requisite eropor- tions. Fungicides used to promote mildew resistance in the leather shall be effective and harmless to skin. The leather shall show on growth of mildew when examined visually after the completion of the test, prescribed in LB : 1 of IS : 6191-19717.

4.2.1 The use of 0.05 percent of fungicide on dry mass basis of the hide is recommended.

___ *Glossary of terms relating to hides, skins and leather. tMethods of micro-biological, colour fastness and microscopical tests for leather.

4

fS : 577 - 1986

4.2.2 The following fungicides are recommended as suitable:

a) p-chloro-m-cresol; b) p-nitro-phenol; c) sodium penta chlorophenate; d) /+naphthol; e) o-, m-, p-cresol; f) sodium silicofluoride; and g) sodium trichlorophenate.

4.3 Dyeing - The leather shall be dyed to an even shade and the dye shall penetrate throughout the grain layer.

4.4 Finishing - The leathers shall be soft and pliable and evenly finished. 4.5 The material shall also comply with the requirements given in.Table 1 when tested in accordance with the methods prescribed in the table.

5. MARKING

5.1 The area of the skins or hides shall be marked legibly in square decimetres on individual pieces at the tail end of the flesh side.

6. PACKING

6.1 The leather shall be packed as agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier.

6.1.1 The leather shall bc so packed that they shall, during transit and in storage, be acceptably protected against moisture, exposure to direct sunlight and. mechanical damages. 6.2 The packages shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer or recognized trade-mark, if any, grade, number of pieces of leather, total area, mass and month and year of manufacture.

6.2.1 The leather pieces and packages may also be marked with the, IS1 Certification Mark.

NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the proviiions of the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules .and Regulations made thereunder. The IS1 Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by IS1 and operated by the producer. IS1 marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions, under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

7. SAMPLING 7.1 Scale of sampling shall be in accordance with IS : 5868-1983*.

*Method of sampling for leather ( Jirst revision ).

5

TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTS FOR UPHOLSTERY LEATHER

( Clauses 3. I and 4.5 ) SL CHARACTERISTIC REQUIRED~ENTS No.

METHOD OR TEST, REF TO ~---------. h--._-_-_ -7 CLAUSE No. OF

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 ~---~-_~_*~_~~_~~ IS : 582- IS : 5914- IS : 6191- Appendix

1970* 1970t 19701

(f) (7) (8) (9) - LP:l - - - LP:7 - -

- LP:19 - -

(1) (2) i) Thickness, mm

ii) Tear strength, N, Min

iii) Flexural endurance, Min

iv) Colour fastness to light, Xenon arc, contrast grading, Min

v) Colour fastness: Q\ a) contrast grading

after 128 revolu- tions (wet), Max

b) contrast grading after 1 024 revolu- tions (wet), MUX

vi) Adhesion of finish, N/IO mm, Min

vii) Colour fastness to wet to-and-fro rubbing, Max

viii) Resistance to block- ing

ix) pH of aqueous extract, Min

(3) (4) (5) 0’8-1’5 0’8-1’5 1’1-1’5

30 30 35

20 000 cycles 50 000 cycles without without damage damage

4 5

3 3 3 when exami- when exami- when exami-

ned wet ned wet ned wet 3 3 3

when exami- when exami- when exami- ned after ned after ned after

drying drying drying 2’5 2’5 2’5

Contrast grad- Contrast grad- ing 3 at 200

Contrast grad- iug 3 at 300 ing 3 at 500

rubs rubs rubs

1 00 000 cycles without damage

5

Specimens shall separate without lifting the weight and there should be no visible damage to the surfaces

3.2 3’2 3’2

- LF:4 -

- - LF:l -

- -

- -

- -

LC:18 -

- A

- B

- C

*Methods of chemical testing of leather (jirst reuision ). tMethods of physical testing of leather. IMethods of micro-biological colour fastness and microscopical tests for leather.

IS I 577 - 1986

APPENDIX A [ Chm 4.5, Table 1, Item ( vi ) ]

METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF ADHESION OF FINISH TO LEATHER

A-l. PRINCIPLE

A-1.1 One end of a piece of leather under test is stuck, finish side down, to a metal strip, by a selected adhesive, chosen to give an adequate bond between the finish and the metal without affecting the adhesion of the leather. When the adhesive is fully set or cured, increasing force is applied to the loose end of the leather until the finish peels away from the leather. The load required to peel the finish is recorded.

A-2. APPARATUS AND REAGENTS

A-2.1 Metal Plates - measuring 10 f 0.5 mm wide and approximately 75 mm long and 3 to 3.5 mm thick. One plate is required for each pair of leather test specimens.

A-2.2 Metal Square - with sides 65 mm long and mass 150 g, covered on one side with a soft rubber sheet 2 mm thick.

A-2.3 Clamp and Stand - to hold the metal strip and test specimens and strong enough to support loads of up to 2 kg.

A-2.4 Means of Applying Small Successive Additions of Load - without shock, to a holder attached to the loose end of the leather. For example, weights of.25 g or 50 g can be placed on a simple scale pan of known mass ( preferably 50 g ) attached to the leather by means of hook. A suitable apparatus of this type is shown in Fig. 1.

A-2.5 Adhesive - Various adhesives give different results on the same leather. For most leather finishes, an epoxy resin adhesive with a pot life of about 1 h at 2O”C, mixed with an equal part by mass of a curing agent and having a cure time of 48 h, has been found suitable.

A-2.6 Pure Light Petroleum Ether - boiling point range 60’ to 80°C.

A-3; TEST SPECIMENS

A-3.1 Cut a sample of leather measuring 130 mm in length by 70 mm in width. Cut one piece for dry tests and another piece for wet tests. Figure 2 shows the sample of leather taken for testing and the shaded areas show the actual area of test specimens required.

NOTE - The adhesion across a skin or side varies appreciably in some cases and for interlaboratory comparisons it is desirable to allocate the test specimens in such a way that adjacent specimens are sent to each laboratory rather than adjacent sample blocks.

7

IS:577 - 1986

Clamp to be at eye

Metal plate --

Leqther test piece --

In use scale pan rests on , platform for loading wtth . 25g weightsScale pan raised by pressing lever gently

Adjustable platform Ipaddedl,to receive

Stop for adlustIng

Lever for ratsing head

SOOg,ZOOg and 259 vclghts

leather strips on the plates for curing

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. ! LEK~HER FINISH ADHESION TESTER

8

IS : 577.- 1986

A-4. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

A-4.1 Scour the metal plates with Grade 400 abrasive paper so that the surface is clean and flat with fine matt finish. Immerse them in petroleum ether for a few seconds to remove grease and wipe it with a piece of grease-free cotton wool ( surgical grade ) to remove all dirt.

A-4.2 Cut the leather into two pieces for three test specimens ‘along’ and three ‘across’ ( see Fig. 2 ), Turn the ‘across’ sample through a right angle and place it against the ‘along’ sample. Soak a piece of grease-free cotton wool ( surgical grade ) in petroleum ether and then squeeze it almost dry. Wipe this gently over the grain surface of the leather test specimens and the surfaces of the metal plates being careful not to contaminate the cleaned surfaces, for example, with grease from the fingers.

I I 1

60 w

All ‘dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 2 POSITION OF TEST SPECIMENS ON LEATHER SAMPLE

A-4.3 When the petroleum ether has evaporated, smear the adhesive lightly over the cleaned surface of the metal plates and the area of leather to be tested, applying the thinnest possible continuous film of adhesive.

NOTE - A glass or nylon scraper is a suitable tool.

9

IS.: 577 - 1986

A-4.4 Place three metal plates, adhesive side down on to the two pieces of leather as shown in Fig 3. Press the plates firmly down and ensure that sufficient adhesive has been used by noting slight exudation at the edges of the plates. It is important that there should he an interval of not more than 3 min between coating of the metal strip with adhesive and combina- tion with the leather, to prevent exposure to moisture and dust.

Metal plate

-7 ___________ !I_________1

4 _ -__--____ ____ -____

10 Metal plate ______-___

I __ _______

for along

All dimensions in milljmetres.

FIG. 3 ARRANGEMENT OF METAL PLATES ON TEST SPECIMENS

A-4.5 Place the metal square on the metal plates ( see Fig. 4 ). Place a weight having a mass of approximately 1 350 g centrally on the metal square so that the total load of approximately 1 500 g ( 500 g per plate’) is applied evenly to all of the adhesive bonds.

NOTE - A-4.2, A-4.4 and A-4.5 describe the use of one piece of leather to pro- vide six test specimens. If separate test specimens are used, these should be at least 50 mm long and 13 mm wide but the method is essentially the same.

A-4.6 When the joints are fully set or cured, remove the weight and metal square, trim the leather test specimens to the width of the metal plate by cutting along the edges of the plate with a pair of sharp scissors or a scalpel. To avoid edge effects, make sure that no adhesive is left on the edges of the metal plate. Gently sever the bond between the short edge of the metal plate and each test specimen, that is at ‘A’ in Fig. 5, separating leather and metal for about 1.5 mm.

A-4.7 Punch a small hole of sufficient diameter to accommodate an S-hook in the free end of the test specimens and about 5 mm from the end.

1s : 577 - i98i.I

Metal square

Soft rubber

Leather

FIG. 4 BONDING OF METAL PLATES TO LEATHER TEST SPECIMENS

Nut securing

Stand

8olt head acting a:a stop for metal plate

S hook attaching

Fix& rod supporting M leather to scales

metal plate (with recess for location)

FIG. 5 PREPARED TEST SPECIMEN IN TEST POSITION

A-5. PROCEDURE

A-5.1 Adhesion of Finish Under Dry Conditions

A-5.1.1 Place the metal plate horizontally in the stand over the suppor- ting rod so that the affixed leather is on the underslde ( see Fig. 5 ) Insert an S-hook in the hole in the end of the leather strip to be tested and attach the scale pan of known mass to the hook. Depress the lever at the base of the stand slowly to allow the mass of the pan to pull on the leather strip. This represents the first test equal to 50 g ( mass of the pan assembly ).

fS : 571- 1986

A-5.1.2 Release the lever slowly until the pan rests on its platform. Carefully add successive additional weights centrally to prevent swinging, freeing the pan for each addition by means of the lever until the leather shows signs of beginning to peel away from the metal plate. Up to this stage the weights may be added as quickly as is convenient. Continue adding weights at intervals of 10 seconds until separation has occurred over at least two-thirds of the area of the bond. Use 25 g increments until the total load reaches 400 g and thereafter use 50 g increments.

A-5.1.3 When separation has occurred, add together the total mass of the weights on the pan and the mass of the scale pan. Calculate from this the force ( in N/l0 mm ) and express the result as the adhesion of the finish.

A-5.1.4 Note the type of separation which occurs and describe it as one of the following:

normal peeling, that is for a length not less than 10 mm and covering 90% of the width of the test specimen,

plate to adhesive failure, adhesive to finish failure, finish coats separating, adhesion of finish failing in patches, and leather torn ( grain coming away or tearing into corium ).

If adhesion failure ( b ) or ( c ), indicating an unsatisfactory adhesive or poor preparation of test specimens, occurs, repeat the entire procedure using a different adhesive or a new sample of leather.

A-5.2 Adhesion of Finish Under Wet Conditions

A-5.2.1 After preparation and trimming ( see A-4 ), immerse the metal plates and attached leather strips in distilled water for 20 min, rubbing the flesh side with the finger to facilitate penetration. Remove the plate and blot off excess moisture from the metal and leather. Allow to stand in air for 10 min in the laboratory.

A-5.2.2 Proceed as in A-5.1.1 to A-5.1.4.

A-6. TEST REPORT

-

A-6.1 The test report shall state either of the following:

a) the adhesion of the finish on the individual test specimens with the type of failure ( see A-5.1.4 ), or

b) the average adhesion of each direction ( and for each location ) together with the lowest individual value and type of failure.

NOTE - The following items are convenient but not essential to the apparatus:

b) cl

Means to move the finger at right angles to the direction of rubbing so that two or three tracks may be used for rubbing on one piece of leather,

motor as means for driving the carriage to-and-fro, and

means for pre-selecting a given number of to-and-fro motions.

ISr577-1986

APPENDIX B

[ Clause 4 5, Table I, Item ( vii ) ]

TEST FOR COLOUR FASTNESS TO WET TO-AND-FRO RUBBING

B-l. PRINCIPLE

B.l.l The surface of the leather to be tested is stretched and rubbed with pieces of wet white wool felt under a given pressure with 200, 300 and 500 to-and-fro motions. The test is carried out with air-dry leather. The change in colour of the felts and of the leather are assessed with the grey scales.

B-2. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

B-2.1 Apparatus - Apparatus suitable for carrying out this test shall incorporate the following features.

B-2.1.1 Carriage - along with the following: a) a horizontal, completely planar metal platform; b) a holder for fastening the leather, leaving 8 cm freely exposed;

and C) a device allowing the leather to be extended linearly at least by

10 percent in the direction of rubbing.

B-2.1.2 Finger - having a mass of 500 g, removable, yet able to be fixed firmly, with the following:

a) a base, 1 a5 x 1.5 cm, b) a device for attaching pieces of wool felt to the base, c) an additional weight of 500 g, and d) a means of guiding the finger when fully loaded ( total mass

1 kg ) flat on to the specimen, stretching or not, as appropriate.

B-2.1.3 Means - for drivivng the carriage to and fro with:

a) a distance of travel of 3.5 cm, and b) a frequency of 40f 2 to-and-fro motions per minute.

13

IS I 577-1986

B-Z.2 Rubbing Material - The rubbing material shall be square pieces of wool felt, l-5 x l-5 cm, punched out of a sheet of felt of the following specification:

a) a pure wool felt, white (#H of an extract made by shaking 5 g ground felt with 100 ml distilled water for two hours in a poly- ethylene bottle : between 6 and 7 );

b) mass per unit area 1 750 f 87.5 g/ma;

c) thickness 5.5 f 0.5 mm; and

d) mean water uptake of the wool felt : 1-O f 0.1 ml.

B-3. TEST SPECIMEN

B-3.1 Rectangular specimen measuring 12 x 7 cm.

B-4. PROCEDURE

B-4.1 Attach the additional weight of 500 g to the finger.

B-4.2 For each specimen, place three pieces of wool felt in distilled water, heat to boiling and allow to boil gently until the felt pieces sink. Then decant the hot water and replace with cold distilled water until the wetted felts have reached room temperature. For use, take each piece 01‘ wetted felt from the water and squeeze or wipe it in order to reduce its mean water uptake to 10 f 0-1 ml.

B-4.3 Fasten the specimen into the apparatus and stretch it by 10 percent in length in the direction of rubbing. If the specimen cannot be extended linearly by 10 percent, apply a lower or no extension and state the exten- sion applied in the test report. If the specimen at 10 percent extension does not remain stable during rubbing, apply sufficient extension and state the extension in the test report.

B-4.4 Attach the wet piece of felt to the finger ( see B-2.1.2 ). PIace the finger with felt attached, 5 mm from the left long edge of the specimen and fasten it. Carry out the required number of to-and-fro motions. Lift the finger.

B-4.5 Release the specimen. Allow it and the wet pieces of felt to dry at room temperature and assess them. The felt pieces may be dried at higher temperatures provided that the temperature of 60°C is not exceeded.

B-4.6 Before assessing the change of colour of leathers having a finish, apply a colourless shoe polish and polish lightly with a wool cloth.

14

IS:577-1986

B-4.7 Assess the change in colour of the leather and the staining of the felt with the grey scales. Note any other visible changes in the surface of the specimen that is, loss of gloss, development of polish, flattening of nap or destruction of finish.

B-5. TEST REPORT

B-5.1 State the type of leather under test.

B-S.2 Report any deviations from the procedure, such as the extension applied if other than 10 percent.

B-563 Report any numerical ratings for the change in colour of the speci- mens and for staining of each piece of felt.

B-5.4 Report any visible change in the surface of the specimen,

APPENDIX C

[ Clause 4.5, Table 1, Den2 (viii) ]

TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO BLOCKING

C-l. APPARATUS

C-l.1 Oven - suitable for maintaining the test specimens at a tempera- ture of 60f 1°C. Provision shall be made for placing the test assemblies on shelves so that they are not less than 50 mm from each other or from the sides of the oven.

C-l.2 Weight-Piece - with a flat base 75 x 75 mm, slightly radiused on the lower edges and having a mass of 1.5 kg.

C-l.3 Weight-Piece - of mass 100 g.

C-2. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

C-2.1 Cut from the sample two strips of coated fabric each 150 x 75 mm, both with their length in the same longitudinal or transverse direction of the sample but so taken that the distance between a specimen and the edge of the sample is approximately the same.

15

1s t 577 - 1986

C-3. PROCEDURE

C-3.1 Place the specimens together, finished surface to finished surface so that their edges coincide exactly.

C-3.2 Heat the 1.5 kg weight-piece to 60°C.

C-3.3 Place the coincident specimens on a flat surface in an oven main- tained at o0 f 1°C.

C-3.4 Place the 1.5 kg weight-piece in the oven over half the coincident specimens, at one of the ends.

C-3.5 After the test specimens have been exposed in the oven for 15 minutes, remove carefully the 1.5 kg weight-piece and the coincident specimens from the area, taking care to avoid separately the coated sur- faces. Place the coincident specimens on a horizontal surface and allow to cool for 10 minutes at room temperature.

C-3.6 Attach firmly across the full width of the free end of the lower strip of coated fabric, the 100 g weight-piece. Grip the full width of the free end of the upper strip of coated fabric and raise, without jerking, at a nominal rate of 25 mm/s.

C-3.7 If required, repeat this procedure with new specimens arranged face to back or back to back or both these arrangements.

C-4. TEST REPORT

C-4.1 The test report shall include the following particulars:

a) Whether or not the surfaces of the pair of test specimens separate without lifting the 100 g weight-piece and whether or not they have suffered any visible damage; and

b) Details of any deviations from the standard test procedure.

16

IS I 577 - 1986

( Continued from page 2 )

Members Representing

SHRI M. MOHAMED HASHIM M. A. Khizer Hussain & Sons, Madras SHRI T. KUTUMBA RAO (Ahnate )

SHRI S. NARAY ANAN Gordon Woodroffe Ltd, Madras DR E. P. KANNIAPPAN ( Alteruate )

SHBI K. A~EENUX RAH~~AN T. Abdul Wahid & Co, Madras SHRI S. R. SAIIA

SHRI P. C. BANERJEE ( Alternats ) Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

SHRI P. KHALEELUR REHMAN P. Khaleelur Rahman & Co, Madras SAAIB

SHRI M. MOHAMED RIYAZ ( Alternate ) SHRI S. SAWATH Tannery & Footwear Corporation of India Ltd,

SHRI S. MURQAN ( Alternate ) Kanpur

SHRI BAWA PARAMJIT SINQH Bawa Skin Co, Jalandhar SHRI BAWA ATAMJIT SIN~H ( Alternate )

SHRI G. SUEUMAR SHRI C. D. VASANTHARAJ

Export Inspection Council of India, New Delhi State Trading Corporation of India Ltd,

New Delhi

13

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS 1

Base Units

QLWltity

Length

Mass

Time Electric current

Thermodynamic temperature

Luminous intensity

Amount of substance

Supplementary Units

Quantity

Plane angle

Solid angle

Derived Units

gLWt/ty

Force

Energy

Power

Flux

Flux density

Frequency Electric conductance

Electromotive force

Pressure, stress

Unit

metre

kilogram

second

ampere

kelvin

candela

mole

Unif

radian

steradian

Unit

newt on

joule

watt weber

tesla

hertz

siemens

volt

Pascal

Symbol

ni

kg 6 A

K

cd mol

Symbol

rad

sr

Symbol

N

J

W

Wb T

HZ

s

V

Pa

c

Definltlon

1 N = 1 kg.m/ss

1 J = 1 N.m

1 W = 1 J/s 1 Wb = 1 V.s 1 T = 1 Wb/ms

1 Hz = 1 c/s (s-1)

1 s = 1 A/V

1 v = 1 W/A

1 Pa = 1 Nlms