is 9473 (2002): respiratory protective devices - filtering half … · the filtering half mask and...
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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
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है”ह”ह
IS 9473 (2002): Respiratory Protective Devices - FilteringHalf Masks to Protect Against Particles [CHD 8:Occupational Safety, Health and Chemical Hazards]
Is 9473:2002 -.---
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Indian Standard
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES —FILTERING HALF MASKS TO PROTECT AGAINST
PARTICLES — SPECIFICATION
(First Revision)
Ics 13.340.30
(3 BIS 2002
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ‘1MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
November 2002 Price Group 11
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Industrial Safety and Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 8
_-—
—
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalizedby the Industrial Safety and Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical DivisionCouncil.
FiItering half masks are intended to provide adequate sealing on the face of the wearer of a respiratory protectivedevice against the ambient atmosphere, when the skin is dry or moist and when the head is moved. Air entersthe filtering half mask and passes directly to the nose and mouth area of the facepiece or, via an inhalationvalve, if fitted. The exhaled air flows through the filter material and/or an exhalation valve (if fitted) directly tothe ambient atmosphere.
These devices can be designed to protect against solid and water-based aerosols only or against both solid andliquid aerosols where a solid aerosol is defined as a suspension of solid particles in air, a liquid aerosol isdefined as a suspension of liquid droplets in air and a water based aerosol is defined as one which is producedfrom solutions and/or suspensions of s~lid materials in water such that the only hazardous component isattributable to the solid material.
This standard was originally published in 1980 based on the standard “Title 30 — Mineral, Resources” issuedby U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Services, National Institute for OccupationalSafety and Health (NIOSH). With a view to update the standard due to the technological changes that took placein the last two decades, the Committee felt a need to revise the standard and to align it with EN 149: 1991‘Respiratory protective devices — Filtering half masks to protect against particles — Requirements, testing,marking’. There is no ISO standard on this subject.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulating this standard is given at Annex B.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with1S 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised’. The number of significant places retained in therounded off value shall be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
. .
m
Is 9473:2002
Indian Standard
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES —FILTERING HALF MASKS TO PROTECT AGAINST
PARTICLES — SPECIFICATION(First Revision)
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes requirements and method
of sampling and tests for filtering half masks as
respiratory protective devices against particles except
for escape purposes.
NOrE — Laboratory and practical performancetests are includedt’orthe assessment of compliance with the requirements.
2 REFERENCES
The Indian Standards listed below contain provisions,which through reference in this text constituteprovisions of this Indian Standard. At the time ofpublication, the editions indicated were valid. Allstandards are subject to revisions, and parties toagreements based on this standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recentedit ions of the standards indicated below:
IS No. Title
4905:1968 Methods of random sampling8347:1977 Glossary of terms relating
14166:
14746:
respirato~ protective devices -994 Respiratory protective devices
Full face masks — Specification999 Respiratory protective devices —
to
—
Half masks and quarter masks —Specification
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitionsgiven in IS 8347 and the term given below shall apply.
3.1.1 Filtering Halj Mask
A filtering half mask is one which covers the noseand mouth and possibly the chin and
a) consists entirely or substantially of filtermaterial, or
b) comprises a face piece in which the mainfilter(s) form an inseparable part of the deviceand where the pre-tilter may be replaceable.
4 CLASS
4.1 Filteringclasses:
a) FFP
Ialf masks shall be of following three
b) FFP2, and
c) FFP3 .
NOTE — FFP 1filters are intended for use against solid particles
only. FFP2 and FFP3 filters are sub-divided according to their
ability to remove both solid and liquid particles or solid particles
only. The protectionprovidedby FFP2 filteror FFP3 filter includes
that provided by the corresponding filter of lower class or classes.
5 REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Material
5.1.1 When subjected to the conditioning describedin A-1, none of the filtering half masks shall havesuffered deformation of the face piece or straps. Threefiltering half masks shall be tes;ed. -
5.1.2 When subjected to conditioning in accordancewith A-1.l and A-1.2, the filtering half mask shallnot collapse.
5.1.3 Any material from the filter media released bythe air flow through the filter should not constitute ahazard or nuisance for the wearer.
5.1,4 Metal
The use of aluminium, magnesium and titanium oralloys containing such proportions of these metals aswill, on impact, give rise to frictional sparks capableof igniting flammable gas mixtures for exposed parts(those which may be subjected to impact during theuse of apparatus) shall be restricted to a minimum.
5.2 Cleaning and Disinfecting
The materials used shall withstand the cleaning anddisinfecting agents recommended by the manufacturer.
NOTE—This is applicable if the filtering hrdfmask is designedfor more than a single shitl (not designed for single use only).
5.3 Practical Performance Test
The filtering half mask shall undergo practicalperformance tests under realistic conditions, Thesegeneral tests serve the purpose of checking theequipment for imperfections that cannot be determinedby the tests described elsewhere in this standard.Where a filtering half mask is to be used for filteringdevices, testing shall be in accordance with A-2.
When practical performance tests show the apparatushas imperfections related to wearer’s acceptance, full
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details of those parts ofpractical performance tests,which revealed these imperfections, shall be provided.This will enable during subsequent testing of the masksto repeat the tests and assess the results thereof.
5.4 Leakage
5.4.1 Total Inward Leakage
5.4.1.1 When tested according to A-3, the filtering halfmasks fitted in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstruction, at least 46 out of 50 individual exerciseresults (that is, 10 subjects x 5 exercises) for the totalinward leakage:
a) shall not be greater than 25 percent for FFP1,I 1 percent for FFP2 and 5 percent forFFP3; and
b) at least 8 out of 10 individual wearerarithmetic means for the total inward leakageshall not be greater than 22 percent for FFP 1,8 percent for FFP2 and 2 percent for FFP3.
NOTES
1The total inward leakage consists ofthree componen~ (a) faceseal leakage, (b) exhalation valve leakage (if exhalation valvefitted), and (c) filter penetration.
2 The test indicates that the iiltering half mask can be used by thewearer to protectwith high probability against the potentialharardto be expected,
5.4.2 Penetration of Filter Material
The penetration of the filter of the filtering half maskshall meet the requirements given in Table 1.
Table 1 Penetration of Filter Material
SI Characteristics Requirements MethodNo. of Test,
~ Ref to ClFFPI FFP2 FFP3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
i) Sodium chloride 20 63 A-4.2test : Initial penet- (see Note)ration of sodiumchloride test aerosol~J5 Ipm, percent,
ii) Pamftin oil test : – 2 I A-4.3Initial penetration of (see Note)paraftin oil @ 95Ipm, percent, Max
NOTE — A total of 12 tiltering half masks shall be tested foreach aerosol: 3 as received, 3 atter temperature conditioning inaccordance with A-I .2, 3 afier the simulated wearing treatmentin accordance with A-1.l and 3 after the test for mechanicalstrength in accordance with A- 1.3.
5.5 Compatibility with Skin
Materials that may come into contact with the wearer’sskin shall not be known to have potential to causeirritation or any adverse effect to health.
5.6 Flammability
The material used shall not present a danger for thewearer and shall not be of highly flammable nature.When tested in accordance with A-5, the face pieceshall not continue to bum after removal from the flame.
NOTE — It is not required that the filtering half mask still has to
be usable after the test.
5.7 Carbon Dioxide Content of the Inhalation Air
When tested in accordance with A-6, the carbondioxide content of the inhalation air (dead space) shallnot exceed an average of 1.0 percent ( by volume).
5.8 Head Harness
5.8.1 The head harness shall be so designed that thefiltering half mask can be donned and removed easily,when tested in accordance with A-2.
5.8.2 The head harness shall be adjustable or self-adjusting and shall hold the filtering half mask firm Iyand comfortably in position, and be capable ofmaintaining total inward leakage requirements for thedevice when tested in accordance with A-2 and A-3.
5.9 Field of Vision
The field of vision shall be acceptable whendetermined so during the practical performance testsin accordance with A-2. Comparative testing of thefield of vision is carried out in accordance with the
method described in A-8 of IS 14746.
5.10 Inhalation and Exhalation Valves
5.10.1 Inhalation Valve(s)
A filtering half mask may have one or more inhalationvalve(s).
5.10.2 Exhalation Valve(s)
5.10.2.1 A filtering half mask may have one or moreexhalation valve(s) and, if fitted, shall functioncorrectly in all orientations, when tested accordingto A-3.
5.10.2.2 If an exhalation valve is provided, it shall beprotected against dirt and mechanical damage, andshall be shrouded or shall include any other devicethat may be necessary for the filtering half mask tocomply with A-3.
5.10.2.3 If an exhalation valve is provided, it shallcontinue to operate correctly after a continousexhalation flow of 300 Ilmin over a period of 30 s. Atotal of 3 filtering half masks shall be tested; one asreceived and 2 temperature conditioned in accordancewith A-1 .2.
5.10.2.4 When the exhalation valve housing isattached to the face blank, it shall withstand axial Iy a
2
tensile force of 10 N applied for 10 s, when tested inaccordance with A-7.
5.11 Breathing Resistance
The breathing resistance of the valved and valvelessfiltering masks shall meet the requirements given inTable 2.
Table 2 Breathing Resistance
SI Characteristics Requirements MethodNo. of Test,
~ Ref to ClFFP 1 FFP2 FFP3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
I Permitted resistance, A-8mbar, Max– Inhalation @ 30 l/rein 0.6 0.7 I .0– inhalation@ 95 l/rein 2.1 2.4 3.0
2 Permitted resistance, A-8mbar, Max– Exhalation @ 160 l/rein 3.0 3.0 3.0
I mbar= 10$N/m2= 100kP~ 1 bar= 10sPa; 1 mbar= 100kPa.
5.12 Clogging
5.12.1 Two types of tests are available using coal dustfor coal mining use and dolomite dust for otherapplications. Devices designed to be resistant toclogging (slow increase of breathing resistance whenloaded with dust) shall be subjected to the treatmentin accordance with A-9.
NOTES
1 Respirators shall be tested for clogging either with coal dust or
dolomite depending on the end use.
2 For single use respirator, this testis optional.
5.12.2 Breathing Resistance After Clogging
5.12.2.1
a)
b)
ValvedJltering half masks
The inhalation resistance shall not be greaterthan 4 mbar for FFP 1 and 5 mbar for FFP2when tested for breathing resistance at95 l/rein, in accordance with A-8 after thetreatment.
The exhalation resistance shall not be greaterthan 3 mbar at 160 l/rein continuous flow.
5.12.2.2 Valveless jiltering half masks
The inhalation and exhalation resistances shall notbe greater than 3 mbar for FFP1 and 4 mbar for FFP2,when tested for breathing resistance at 95 l/reincontinuous flow, in accordance with A-8.
5.12.3 Fi[ter Penetration
All filtering half masks (valved and valveless) whichmeet the clogging requirement (see 5.12.1 and 5.12.2)shall also comply with the penetration requirementsgiven in 5.4.2 atler the treatment.
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Is 9473:2002
5.13 De-mountable Parts
All de-mountable parts (if fitted) shall be readilyconnected and secured, where possible by hand whentested according to A-11.
6 PACKING AND MARKING
6.1 Packing
The material shall be packed suitably as agreed to’between the seller and the purchaser to prevent anydamages during handling and transportation.
6.2 Marking
6.2.1 Filtering Half Mask
Filtering half masks shall be clearly and durablymarked with the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The name, trade-mark or other means ofidentification of the manufacturer;
Class : FFP1, FFP2 or FFP3;
The letter S (solid) or SL (solid and liquid)in accordance with filter penetrationperformance. These letters shall follow theclass designation [see (b) above];
If appropriate the letter D (dolomite) or C(coal) in accordance with clogging perfor-mance. These letters shall follow the classdesignation [see (b) above]; and
Sub-assemblies and components withconsiderable bearing on safety shall bemarked so that they can be identified.
NOTE — Colours do not represent a colour code, this means that
colours are not related to protection provided,
6.2.2 The package of the filtering half maskscomplying with this standard shall be clearly anddurably marked with the following information:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The name, trade-mark or other means ofidentification of the manufacturer;
Class : FFP1, FFP2, FFP3;
The year of manufacture plus the rated shelflife or the date of expiry of rated shelf life(where the reliable performance may beaffected by ageing);
The sentence ‘see instructions for use’; and
The package of filtering half masks whichdo not passthe paraffin o~ltest shall be clearlymarked ‘For use against solid aerosols only’.
NOTE — This may include water based aerosols (see 4.1).
6.2.3 BIS Certlflcation Marking
The filtering half masks may also be marked w ith theStandard Mark.
Is 9473:2002
6.2.3.1 Theuseofthe Standard Mark isgovernedbythe provisions of the Bureau oflndian Standards Act,
1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.Hle details of conditions under which the Iicence forusc of the Standard Mark may be granted tomanufacturers or producers may be obtained from theBureau of Indian Standards.
7 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
7.1 Instructions for use shall accompany every filteringhalf mask.
7.2 Instructions for use shall be in one or morelanguages acceptable to the country of application.
7.3 The instructions for use of thecontain all information necessaryqualified persons on the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
o
~)
h)
7.4 The
Application/limitation;
equipment shallfor trained and
The information only for single use, ifapplicable;
State the suitability of the filters marked forsolid aerosols only, against water basedaerosols defined as: water based aerosols arethose produced from solutions and/orsuspensions of particulate materials in watersuch that the only workplace contaminant isattributed to this solid material;
Checks prior to use;
Donning, fitting;
Use;
Maintenance (preferably separately printedinstructions); and
Storage.
instructions shall be unambiguous if helpful,illustrations, part numbers, marking, etc, shail beadded.
7.5 Warn ing shall be given against problems likely tobe encountered, for example, fit of filtering half mask(check prior to use); it is unlikely that the requirementsfor leakage will be achieved if facial, hair passes underthe face seal; air quality (contaminants, oxygendeficiency); use of equipment in explosive atmosphere;and filtering half masks which do not pass the paraffinoil test shall be used against solid and water-basedaerosols only.
7.6 The instructions shall indicate that single-usetiltering half masks shall be discarded after single-use.
8 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR
CONFORMITY
8.1 Lot
In a single consignment, all the half masks assembled
-..
under uniform conditions of manufacture on the sameday shall constitute a lot.
8.1.1 Each lot shall be tested separately forascertaining the conformity of the lot to therequirements of the specification. The number of halfmasks to be selected from the lot shall depend uponthe size of the lot and shall be in accordance withTable 3.
8.1.2 The masks shall be selected at random from thelot. For this purpose, reference may be made toIs 4905.
Table 3 Number of Samples to beTested from a Lot
(Clause 8.1. 1)
S1No. No. of Half Masks No. of Half Masks to bein the Lot Selected in a Sample
(1) (2) (3)i) upto50 12
ii) 51to 150 13iii) 151 and above 20
8.2 Number of Tests
8.2.1 Each of the half masks selected from the lot,according to COI2 of Table 3 shall be examined forvisual inspection (5. 13) and field of vision (5.9).
8.2.1.1 The lot shall be considered to have satisfiedthe above requirements if none of the masks in thesample fails. Otherwise, the lot shall be rejected.
8.2.2 From the samples having been found satisfactoryas per 8.2.1, required number of samples according toCO13 of Table 3 shall be further tested for therequirements of carbon dioxide content (5.7),breathing resistance (5.1 1), practical performance test(5.3), and cleaning and disinfection (5.2) in thissequence.
8.2.2.1 The lot shall be considered to have satisfiedthe above requirements if there is no failure in thesample. Otherwise, the lot shall be rejected.
8.2.3 Required number of masks, out of the samplealready been found satisfactory as per 8.2.2 shall bedrawn and made into two parts.
8.2.3.1 The samples under one part shall beconditioned as per A-1 and shall be tested for leakageof half masks (5.4), flammability (5.6), and inhalationand exhalation valve (5.1O), if fitted, and clogging.
8.2.3.2 The samples under other part shall be testedfor the requirements of leakage (5.4), flammability(5.6), head harness tests (5.8), exhalation valves(5.10.2), performance tests (5.3) and exhalation valveshousing (5.10.2.4).
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IS 9473:2002
8.2.3.3 The lot shall be considered as conforming to and 8.2.3.2. Otherwise the lot shall bereiected.the requirements of this specification if all ~hehalf masks pass the requirements specified in 8.2.3.1
8.3 A summary of tests applicable for half masks isgiven in Table 4.
Table 4 Summary of Tests
S1No.(1)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
No. of Samples(2)All
Test Criteria Conditioning (Yes/No)(3) (4)
Visual inspection A.R.
Clause(5)
A-11
5 Cleaning and disinfection A.R. As per manufacturer’sinstructions
A-54 Flammability A.R. (2)T.C. (2)
Carbon dioxide content AR.3 A-6
3 Exhalation valve pull A.R. (1)S.w. (1)T.C. (1)
Exhalation valve flow A.R. (1)T.C. (2)
A-7v)
vi) 3 —
Breathing resistance A.R. (3)S.w. (3)T.C. (3)
Particle filter penetration A.Il. (3)S.w. (3)T.C. (3)M.S. (3)
Total inward leakage AR. (5)T.C. (5)
Clogging test (Optional for FFP1 A.R. (2)+ FFP2 singleuse devices on]y)’) T.C. (2)
M.S. (2)Practical performance A,R.
vii) 9 A-8
viii) 12 (for eachaerosol)
A-4
ix)
~)
10
6
A-3
A-9
xi) 2 A-2
1)Twote5@availab]e:AR, As receivedMS. Mechanical strength a) Coal dust: forminingapplicationsS.W. Simulatedwearingtreatment b) Dolomite dust: for other applicationsT.C. Temperature conditioned
ANNEX A
(Clauses 5.1.1,5.1.2,5.3,5.4.1.1, 5.4.2,5.6,5.7,5.8.1, 5.8.2,5 .9,5.10 .2.1,5 .10.2.2,5.10.2.3, 5.10.2.4,5,11, 5.12.1,5.12.2.1, 5.12.2 .2,5.12.3 and5.13)
METHODS OF TESTS FOR FILTERING HALF MASKS
A-1 CONDITIONING breathing machine and the dummy head, the saturatorbeing set in a temperature in excess of 37°C to allowfor cooling of the air before it reaches the mouth ofthe dummy head. The air shall be saturated at 37 + 2°Cat the mouth of the dummy head. In order to preventexcess water spilling out of the dummy’s mouth andcontaminating the filtering half mask, the head shallbe inclined so that the water runs away from the mouth .and is collected in a trap.
A-1.1 Simulated Wearing Treatment.
Conditioning by simulated wearing treatment shall becarried out by the following process.
A breathing machine is adjusted to 25 cycleslmin and21/stroke. The filtering half mask is mounted on aSheffield dummy head, For testing, a saturator isincorporated in the exhalation line between the
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Is 9473:2002
The breathing machine is brought into operation, thesaturator switched on and the apparatus allowed tostabilize. The filtering half mask under the test shallthen be mounted on the dummy head. During the testtime at approximately 20 min intervals, the filteringhalf mask shall be completely removed from thedummy head and refitted such that during the testperiod, it is fitted ten times to the dummy head.
A-1.2 Temperature Conditioning
The filtering half masks shalI be exposed to thefollowing thermal cycle:
a) for 24 h to a dry atmosphere of 70 + 3“C,
b) for 24 h to a temperature of –30 * 3“C, and
allowed to return to room temperature for at least 4 hbetween exposures and prior to subsequent testing.
A-1.3 Mechanical Strength
Before testing for breathing resistance, filtrationefficiency and clogging, the filter shall be subjectedto a test in accordance with A-10 simulating roughusage of fiher. After this treatment, the filters shallshow no mechanical defects and shall meet therequirements for breathing resistance, filtrationefficiency and clogging.
A-2 PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE TEST
A total of 2 filtering half masks shall be tested, bothas received. All tests shall be carried out by two testsubjects at ambient temperature, and the testtemperature and humidity shall be recorded. Prior tothe test, there shall be an examination as per A-11 toassure that the filtering half mask is in good workingcondition and that it can be used without hazard. Forthe test, persons shall be selected who are familiarwith using such or similar equipment. During the te$ts,the filtering half mask shall be subjectively assessedby the wearer and after the test, comments on thefollowing shall be recorded:
a) Head harness comfort,
b) Security of fastenings,
c) Field of vision, and
d) Any other comments reported by the weareron request.
A-2. 1 Walking Test
The subjects wearing normal working clothes andwearing the filtering half mask shall walk at a regularrate of 6 km/h on a level course. The test shall becontinuous without removal of the filtering half maskfor a period of 10 min.
A-2.2 Work Simulation Test
The filtering half mask shall be tested under conditions
which can be expected during normal use. During thistest, the following activities shall be carried out insimulation of the practical use of the filtering halfmask. The test shall be completed within a total
‘ working time of 20 min.
The sequence of activities is at the discretion of thetest station. The individual activities shall be arrangedso that sufficient time is left for the commentsprescribed.
a) Walking on the level with headroom of1.3 * 0.2 m for 5 min.
b) Crawling on the level with head room of0.7 * 0.05 m for 5 min.
c) Filling a small basket (see Fig. 1,approximate volume = 8 1) with rubberchippings or other suitable material from ahopper which stands 1.5 m high and has anopening at the bottom to allow the contentsto be shovelled out and a fiwther opening atthe top where the basket full of rubberchippings shall be returned.
Em
/
/
FIG. 1 BASKET ANDHOPPER, RUBBER CHIPPINGS
6
The subject shall stoop or kneel as he wishes and fillthe basket with rubber chippings. He shall then lifithe basket and empty the contents back into the hopper.This shall be done 20 times in 10 min.
A-3 LEAKAGE
A-3. 1 General Test Procedure
A-3.1.1 Total Inward Leakage
A total of 10 test specimens shall be tested; 5 asreceived and 5 after temperature conditioning inaccordance with A-1.2. The inward leakage shall betested using a solid aerosol. The reference method isthe sodium chloride aerosol test. Prior to the test, thereshall be an examination as per A-11 to ensure that thefiltering half mask is in good working condition andthat it can be used without hazard.
For the test, persons shall be selected who are familiarwith using such or similar equipment. A panel oftenclean-shaven persons (without beards or sideburns)shal I be selected covering the spectrum of facialcharacteristics of typical users (excluding significantabnormalities). It is to be expected that exceptionallysome persons cannot be satisfactorily fitted with afiltering half mask. Such exceptional subjects shallnot be used for testing filtering half masks.
In the test report, the faces of the ten test subjects shallbe described (for information only) by the four facialdimensions (in mm) illustrated in Fig. 2.
A-3. 1.2 Apparatus
A-3. 1.2.1 Treadmill
A level treadmill isworking at 6 km/h.
required which is capable of
A-3.1.3 Test Atmosphere
The test atmosphere shall preferably enter the top of
Is 9473:2002
the enclosure through a flow distributor and be directeddownwards over the head of the test subject at aminimum flow rate of 0.12 m/s. The concentration ofthe test agent inside the effective working volume shallbe checked to be homogeneous. The flow rate shouldbe measured close to the subject’s head.
A-3. 1.4 Test Procedure
The test subjects shall be asked to read tomanufacturer’s fitting instructions and if more thanone size of filtering half mask is manufactured, thetest subject shall be asked to select the size deemed byhim to be the most appropriate. If necessary, thesubjects shall be shown by the test supervisor how tofit the filtering half mask correctly in accordance withthe fitting instructions.
The test subjects shall be informed that if they wish toadjust the filtering half mask during the test they maydo so. However, if this is done, the relevant section ofthe test shall be repeated having allowed the systemtore-settle.
The test subjects shall have no indication of the resultsas the test proceeds, After fitting the filtering half maskeach test subject shall be asked ‘Does the mask fit’? Ifthe answer is ‘Yes’, continue the test. If the answer is‘No’, take the test subject off the panel, report the factand replace with another test subject. The test sequenceshall be as follows:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ensure the test atmosphere is OFF.
Place the test subject in the enclosure.Connect up the face piece sampling probe.Have the test subject walk at 6 kdh for 2 min.Measure the test agent concentration iqsidethe filtering half mask to establish thebackground level.
Obtain a stable reading.
Turn the test atmosphere ON.
LENGTH OFFACE(NASlON-MENTON)
WIDTH OF DEPTH OFFACE FACE(BIZYG”OMATICDIAMETER)
WIDTH OFTHE MOUTH
FIG. 2 FACIAL DIMENSIONS
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Is 9473:2002
e)
0
!4
The subject shall continue to walk for afurther 2 min or until the test atmosphere hasstabilized.
Whilst still walking the subject shall performfollowing exercises:
1) Walking for 2 min without headmovement or talking.
2) Turning head from side to side(approximately 15 times), as ifinspecting the walls of a tunnel for 2 min.
3) Moving the head up and down(approximately 15 times), as ifinspecting the roof and floor for 2 min.
4) Reciting the alphabet or an agreed textout loud as if communicating with acolleague for 2 min.
5) Walking for 2 min without headmovement or talking.
Turn off the test atmosphere and when the testagent has cleared from the enclosure, removethe subject. After each test the filtering halfmask shall be replaced by a new sample.
3.1.5 Results
Record the following as test results:
a) Enclosure concentration.
b) The leakage over each exercise period.
A-3.2 Sodium Chloride (NaCl) — Method
A-3.2.1 Principle
The subject wearing the filtering half mask under testwalks on a treadmill over which is an enclosure.Through this enclosure flows a constant concentrationof NaCl aerosol, The air inside the filtering half maskis sampled and analyzed during the inhalation phaseof the respiratory cycle to determine the NaCl content.The sample is extracted by punching a hole in thefiltering half mask and inserting a probe throughwhich the sample is drawn. The pressure variationinside the filtering half mask is used to actuate achange-over valve so that inhaled air only is sampled.A second probe is inserted for this purpose.
A-3.2.2 Apparatus
A-3.2.2.1 Test equipment (see Fig. 3)
5
k
w“i
32 9
13
4!
1 Atomizer 8 Manometer2 Pump 9 Photometer3 Change-over vaive 10 Filtering half mask4 Filter 11 Treadmill5 Enclosure 12 Ducting and baftle6 Enclosure sample 13 Additional air7 Mask sample 14 Pulsed sampling interface
‘1
FIG. 3 TYPICAL APPARATUSUSED IN THEDETERMINATIONOF INWARDLEAKAGEUSING SODIUMCHLORIDE
8
.
IS 9473:2002
A-3.2.2.2 Aerosol generator 100 l/rein at a pressure of 7 bar. The atomizer and its
The NaCl aerosol shall be generated from a 2 percenthousing shall be fitted into a duct through which a
solution of reagent grade NaCl in distilled water. Anconstant flow of air is maintained. It maybe necessary
atomizer equivalent to the type described should beto hat or dehumidify the air in order to obtain completedrying of the aerosol particles.
used (see Fig. 4). This requires an air flow rate of
+0.013 +0
t-%
ILL
@
Item List
!Item I Name l. No. Ofl I
— Assembly of atomizer -, 1
1 Nozzle 1
2 Feed tube salt solution 1
3 Bottle polythene 1
4 Sieve 1
] 5 ] Screw cao for bottle I 1 I
I 6 \ Washer25 x13x3.2 I 1 !
17 Washer 9.5 x 4.8x 2.4 1r 1
8 ‘O’ seal 11
9 Air tube As requiredMajor +13
Minor 6.5
120’3
4.
III20.6~ 0.6
0
5
1= 4.8-
@O.74 DRILL I
ENLARGED VIEW
DRILLED013TO ACCOMMODATE
KFEED TUBEAS SHOWN
ATOMIZER
A
NOTE— Allbums and sharpedgesto be removed.MAT.Stainlesssteel.
Alldimensionsin millimebes.
FIG. 4 ASSEMBLY OF ATOMIZER
9
\\
Is 9473:2002
A-3.2.2.3 Test agent
The mean NaCl concentration within the enclosureshal I be 8 + 4 mg/m3 and the variation throughout theeffective working volume shall be not more than 10percent. The particle size distribution shall be 0.02to 2 ~m equivalent aerodynamic diameter with a massmedian diameter of 0.6 pm.
A-3.2.2.4 Flame photometer
A flame photometer shall be used to measure theconcentration of NaCl inside the filtering half mask.Essential performance characteristics for a suitableinstrument are as follows:
a) It should be a flame photometer specificallydesigned for the direct analysis of NaClaerosol.
b) It should be capable of measuringconcentrations of NaCl aerosol between15 mg/m3 and 5 mg/m3.
c) The total aerosol sample required by thephotometer should not be greater than 15 l/rein.
d) The response time of the photometer,excluding the sampling system, should notbe greater than 500 milliseconds.
e) It is necessary to reduce the response to otherelements, particularly carbon, the concen-tration of which will vary during the breathingcycle. This will be achieved by ensuring thatthe band pass width of the interference filteris not greater than 3 nm and that all necessaryside band filters are included.
A-3.2.2.5 Sample selector
A system is required which will switch the sample tothe photometer only during the inhalation phase ofthe respiratory cycle. During the exhalation phase,clean air shall be fed to the photometer. The essentialelements of such a system are as follows:
a)
b)
An electrically operated valve with a responsetime of the order of 100 ms. The valve shouldhave the minimum possible dead spacecompatible with straight-through, un-restricted follow when open.
A pressure sensor which is capable ofdetecting a minimum pressure change ofapproximately 0.05 mbar and which can beconnected to a probe inserted in the cavity ofthe filtering half mask. The sensor shall havean adjustable threshold and be capable ofdifferential signaling when the threshold iscrossed in either direction. The sensor shallwork reliably when subjected to the accelera-tions produced by the head movements of thesubject.
c) An interfacing system to actuate the valve inresponse to a signal from the pressure sensor.
d) A timing device to record the proportion ofthe total respiratory cycle during whichsampling took place.
A-3.2.2.6 Sampling probe
The probe shall be fitted securely in an air-tightmanner to the filtering half mask as near as possibleto the centre line of the filtering half mask. A multiplehole sampling probe is strongly recommended.Measures shall be taken to prevent the influence ofcondensation in the sampling probe on the measure-ment (by supplying dry air). Figure 5 shows a designthat has been found suitable. The probe is adjusted sothat it just touches the wearer’s lips.
A-3.2.2.7 Sample pump
If no pump is incorporated into the photometer, anadjustable flow pump is used to withdraw an air samplefrom the filtering half mask under test. This pump isso adjusted as to withdraw a constant flow of1 l/rein fkom the sample probe. Dependent on the typeof photometer, it may necessary to dilute the samplewith clean air.
A-3.2.2.8 Sampling of enclosure concentration
The aerosol enclosure concentration is monitoredduring the tests using a separate sampling system toavoid contamination of the filtering half masksampling lines. It is preferable to use a separate flamephotometer for this purpose.
If a second photometer is not available, sampling ofthe enclosure concentration using a separate samplingsystem and the same photometer may be made.However, time will then be required to allow thephotometer to return to a clean background.
A-3.2.2.9 Pressure detection probe
A second probe is fitted near to the sample probe andis connected to the pressure sensor.
A-3.2.3 Expression of Results
The leakage P shall be calculated from the measure-ments made over the last 100s of each of the exerciseperiods to avoid carry over of results from one exerciseto another.
where
c, =c, =t=INt=;=
10
c x t +tExxloop=+x~L,, tm
Challenge concentration,
Measured mean concentration,
Total duration of inhalation,
total duration of exhalation, and
leakage in percent.
CLEARPVC
I_+l—
1S9473 :2002
wI I I I
/////////////// ‘/--
. III1
4 . ..-.---.-.-+--- -—-.--:-+------’ ------t- 1~c ~m Im D l!
+e ; ,i i;
I &—-—--—”—..--—-.-&.+-—————.--------- -----.— ~.
\\\\\\\!\\\\\
I I
1- DIA 9SAMPLE PLUS
DRYING AIR-
DRYING AIR
MATERIALPVC
All dimensionsin millimetres.
FIG.5 SAMPLEPROEE
Measurement ofC2
integrating recorder.
is preferably made using an
A-4 F1LTRATION EFFICIENCY
A-4.1 The filters shall be tested before and after thefollowing temperature treatment. The filters shall beexposed for:
a) 24 h to dry atmosphere of 70 + 3*C, and
b) 24 h to temperature of –30 + 3°C.
The methods used for testing filters against solid andliquid aerosols are:
a) sodium chloride test according to A-4.2, and
b) paraffin oil test according to A-4.3.
Sodium chIoride test according to A-4.2 is the onlymethod used for testing filters against solid aerosols.
Each test shall be made with 3 specimens.
A-4. 1 Sodium Chloride Test
An aerosol of sodium chloride particles is generatedby atomizing an aqueous solution of the salt andevaporating the water. The concentration of thisaerosol is measured before and after the filter underthe test by means of flame photometry. Accuratedeterminations are possible in the range <0.00001to I00 percent filter penetration.
A-4.2.1 Apparatus
The apparatus is shown in Fig. 6. The aerosol isgenerated using a Collison atomizer filled with1 percent solution of sodium chloride. The atomizer,which is shown in Fig. 7, consists ofa glass reservoirinto which is sealed an atomizer head having threespray nozzles. Air is supplied to the atomizer at apressure of 3.45 bar and the resulting liquid sprayimpinges on a baffle which removes the large particles.The particles which do not impact are removed in theair flow and, on mixing with dry air, the waterevaporates leaving a dry sodium chloride aerosol.
The aerosol produced by this method is polydispersewith a mass median particle diameter of approximately0.6 ~m. The particle size distribution is given in Fig. 8.It has been found that the aerosol remains constantwithin acceptable limits with respect to particle sizeand concentration provided that the supply pressureis in the range of 3.31-3.59 bar and the flow rate ofair to the three nozzles is 12.5-13.0 l/rein. The outputis mixed with 82 1/rein of dry air giving a total flowof 95 l/rein.
The salt solution in the atomizer is ccmsumed at arate of approximately 15 ml/h. This loss is due inpart to the atomization of the solution and in part toevaporation of water from the reservoir. The volumeof the reservoir is such that the change in concentrationand loss in volume of the solution during an 8-h period
11
\\‘,
1s 9473:2002
r COMPRESSED EXHAUST
AIREXHAUST
A
Is 9473:2002.. .
SIZE DISTRIBUTIONPRODUCEDBY
, , 1 1 ,i r I 1 1I J
AT13M171Llm 4., .,. -, -., -. . .- . 1 I I i
, , 1
I I I, ! I 1 / [i I 4’ 1 1
3 I 1111 I 1 I I ! I HI iI Ill I I I I I I I I I ~I 1 ~..~
I=FElzD
0.0’ \ , I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I
(h 0.0510.2Q51 2 5 10 20304016070,00 90 95 9899 99.8[1
0.199.99
so 99.9PERCENTAGEBELOWSTATEDSIZE%
FIG. 8 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
will not cause an appreciable change in thecharacteristics of the test aerosol.
The sodium chloride aerosol is analyzed before and afterthe filter under test by flame photometry. Thephotometer used for this analysis can be any suitableinstrument having the required sensitivity, however, aphotometer specially designed to meet theserequirements is available. The instrument is hydrogenflame photometer. The hydrogen burner is housed in avertical flame tube which opens at its lower end intothe sample tube through which the aerosol to beanalyzed flows. The flow of aerosol to the flame iscontrolled by convection and is held constant with ableed valve.
A small quantity of filtered air is fed continuously intothe sample tube downstream of the inlet to the flametube. The function of this supply is to prevent roomair, which may contain considerable quantities ofsodium salts, from reaching the burner when there isno flow through the sample tube,
The hydrogen burner, which gives a flame symmetricalabout the vertical axis, is surrounded by a heat-proof glasstube. This tube has to be optically homogeneous tominimize the effect on the light transmitted by the flame.
Sodium chloride particles in air passing through theflame tube are vaporized giving the characteristicsodium emission at 589 nm. The intensity of thisemission is proportional to the concentration of sodiumin the air flow.
The intensity of the light emitted by the flame ismeasured using a photomultiplier tube. To separatethe sodium emission from background light of otherwavelengths, a narrdw band interference filter withappropriate sideband filters is used. This filter shouldpreferably have a half-peak band width of not morethan 5 nm.
As the photomultiplier output is only proportional tothe incident light over a relatively small range, highlight intensities are attenuated by neutral densityfilters. These filters are accurately calibrated inconjunction with the interference filter in use and sothe actual light intensity can be calculated from theoutput of the photomultiplier. The signal from thephotomultiplier is amplified and displayed on a meteror chart recorder,
Calibration of the flame photometer will depend onthe detailed design of the instrument and themanufacturer’s instructions should be followed if
. ..
Is 9473:2002
reliable results are to be obtained. In general, however,the methods which may be used are multiple dilutionof the aerosol dilution of the atomizer solution or acombination of both. If aerosol or solutions dilutionis used alone, the lower calibration limit isapproximately two orders of magnitude higher thanthe ultimate sensitivity of the instrument.
Where a photomultiplier with attenuating filters isused for detection this is unimportant as thephotomultiplier measures a constant range of lightlevels over the entire range for the instrument and thevalues of the attenuating filters are known andinvariable. Hence, the calibration curve is linear atlow concentrations and can safely be extrapolated tothe lower values. The upper limit of linearity of thecalibration curve is approximately 0.12 mg/m3 due tore-absorption of light within the flame. Non-linearcalibration is possible above this point up toapproximately 15 mg/m3. Where other detectors areused, this may not be the case and a combination
technique would be required to reach the ultimatesensitivity.
A-4.2.2 Test Conditions
Particle size distribution of the test aerosol (see Fig. 8).
Flow rate of test aerosolAerosol concentrationAir pressure to atomizerFlow rate to atomizerFlow rate of diluting airFlow rate of hydrogen to
photometerWavelength of sodium
emissionAir temperatureRelative humidity
A-4.2.3 Test Procedure
95 l/rein8 + 4 mg/m33.45 + 0.14 bar12.75 * 0.25 l/rein82 1/rein
450-500 ml/min
589 nmambient<60 percent
The test aerosol is fed into the test chamber, wherethe filter under test is fixed. A flow of 95 l/rein isblown through the filter and the aerosol is fed into thetest chamber, where the filter under test is fixed. A flowof 95 1/rein is blown through the filter and the aerosolconcentration if measured immediately before and afterthe filter by the photometer. The i~itialshall be measured at 3 + 0.5 min.
A-4.2.4 Calculation of the Penetration
P = ~ x 100 percentI
where
P = Penetration
penetration
C, = Sodium chloride concentration before thefilter, and
C, = Sodium chloride concentration after thefilter.
A-4.3 Paraffin Oil Test
An aerosol of paraffin oil droplets is generated byatomizing heated paraffin oil. The concentration ofthis aerosol is measured before and after the filter undertest by means of an aerosol photometer. Accuratedetermination are possible in the range <0.0003 to100 percent filter penetration.
A-4.3. 1 Apparatus
The apparatus is shown in Fig. 9. The aerosol isgenerated using an atomizer (Fig. 10 and 1l). Theatomization vessel (6) is filled with paraffin oil(paraftinum perliquidum CP 27 DAB 7), so that theoil level is between the minimum/maximum-marks(10), The atomization vessel is heated by means of anelectric heating device (8), so that the temperature ofthe oil is kept at IOO”Cby means of a thermostat (9).The temperature is measured by the thermometer ( I 1).Filtered compressed air at 4 bar (3, 4) is pre-heated(8) and blown through the multiple nozzle unit (12and Fig. 11). Large droplets in the generated oil mistare separated in the control nozzle (13) and in thespiral tube (15). In the mixing vessel (5), the oildroplets and oil vapour are diluted with 50 I/reinfiltered air, measured by the flowmeter (2). Since thediluting air is at room temperature, the oil vapourcondenses in the mixing vessel. The generated aerosolis the test aerosol, which is reduced to the testconcentration of (20 + 5) mg/m3 by wasting anappropriate fraction of the oil mist (see Fig. 9, item 18in connection with items 11, 7, 10, 12 and 17) and byfurther dilution with filtered air at a flow rate of83 l/rein in the blowers actuated by air power (typeFriedrichs-Antilinger, see Fig. 9, item 5 and Fig. 12).The test aerosol produced by this method is polydisperse.The particle size distribution is a logarithmic normaldistribution with the median Stokes d~ameterof 0.4 wnl(for the number distribution) and the logarithmicstandard deviation 0.26 (see Fig. 13).
The test aerosol is fed into the test chamber [Fig. 9, ( 1)],where the filter under test is to be fixed (15). Theexcess of the aerosol is filtered by a high efficiencyfilter with a low flow resistance (1O). A flow rate of95 1/rein is drawn through the filter under test. Thetest concentration is measured before and after the filterunder test by means of an integrating light scatteringphotometer. The principle of the aerosol photometeris shown in Fig. 14. The instrument is a 45° scatteringphotometer, The light source is directed to themeasuring cell and to the photomultiplier. The directbeam to the multiplier is interrupted by a chopper, sothat the scattered light from the particles is alwayscorrected for the source intensity variations. The
14
...
Is 9473
~
:2002
$? 4416
7r“-
1 II
COMPRESSEDAIR& ‘-v,””,
PUMP
ICOMPRESSEIIAIR
t
IL
8
14
8
Test chamber: Rigid transparent material, diameter500 mm, height 500 mm, covered withplywood on both sides.
Tightly fitting door of the chamber.Dish for collecting oil running down the walls of the tube.Cover for the blowers actuated by air power.Blowers actuated by air power for taking theconcentrated oil mist into the chamber.Flowmeters, range 800-8000 I/ha) for measuring the propellent air for the blowers
(5 000 I/h), andb) for measuring the test flow rate (95 l/rein).Valves controlling the flow rate.High efficiency filters.Reducing valves, range 1-5 bar at a pre-pressure of
1011
12
13141516
High efficiency filter with low resistance.Tee for taking out the amount of oil mist necessary fortesting.Needle valve controlling the oil mist concentration inthe chamber.011mist generator.Aerosol photometer.Connecting pipe to test object.Probe for measuring the oil mist concentration in thechamber. The aerosol photometer is connected with 15or 16 as required by means of a short tube, theconnecting pipe not employed is to be closed tightly.The tubes for the oil mist are textile reinforced plastic
1
2345
6
789
tubes with an inner diameter of 19 mm.Woulfe’s bottle.17
6-10 bar. 18 Buffer volume of51.
FIG. 9 APPARATUSFOR PARAFFINOIL TEST
reference beam is attenuated by means of neutral density c) Aerosol concentration
Air temperature
Air pressure to atomizer
Flow rate to atomizer
Mixing air flow ratein aerosol generator
Flow rate of diluting air
Temperature of the oilin the generator
20 * 5 mg/m3
ambient
4+0,15 bar
13.5 ● 0.5 l/rein
50 l/rein
83 l/rein
between 100 and11O”C
filters and of a neutral densi~ wedge automatically ~o -‘the intensity of the scattered light beam.
d)
e)The intensity of the scattered light, which is a measurefor the aerosol concentration, is displayed. o
Test Conditions g)
Particle size distribution of the test aerosol(see Fig. 13).
h)
Flow rate through the j)
fiher under test : 95 l/rein
A-4.3.2
a)
b)
15
Is 9473:2002
.....
15
5
160
1234567891011
‘~ ‘MEASURtNG17
Bar air inlet with airfilter 12 Atomization nOZZIe
FlowmeterPressure reducerMmometerMixing vesselAtomization vesselThermostat vesselHeating jacketThermostatOil-level indicatorThermometer
13141516171819202122
Control nozzleU-tube manometersSpiral tubeDrainage screwOutlet to measuring deviceWaste outletChange-over valveOil pumpCMsupply containerLocking screw
FIG. 10 GENERATORFORPARAFFINOILAEROSOL
A-4.3.3 Test Procedure
The test aerosol is fed into the test chamber, wherethe filter under test is fixed. A flow rate of 95 l/rein issucked through the filter by means of a suitable pump.The aerosol concentration is measumd immediatelybefore and after the filter by the aerosol photometer.The initial penetration shall be measured at
3 * 0.5 min.
A-4.3.4 Calculation of the Penetration
I –I.P=~ x 100 percent
[, – 10
where
P=
I, =
12 =
10 =
Penetration,
Photometer reading before the filter,
Photometer reading after the filter, and
Photometer zero reading for clean air.
A-5 FLAMMABIL~~Y
A-5.1 A total of 4 filtering half masks shall be tested;2 as received and 2 afler temperature conditioning inaccordance with A-1.2.
16
Is 9473:2002.
-—
PARAFFINOILZ
-l-i-
MAX.
OIL LEVEL
MIN
‘ETA’L“x-d-l=- ,DIA
MULTIPLENOZZLEUNITtTEM
Alldimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 11 ATOMIZER
A-5.2 The filtering half mask shall be tested forflammability as per Annex E of IS 14166, but usingonly one burner and with the following variations:
a) For the test the filtering half mask shall beput on the metallic dummy head which shallbe motorized such that it can describe ahorizontal circle with variable control speed.The head shall pass over a Bunsen propaneburner whose position can be adjusted bymeans of suitable gauges, the height of theflame shall be set to 40 mm and the distancebetween the top of the burner and the lowestpart of the filtering half mask passing thefiltering half mask through the flame shallbe set to 20 mm.
b) The head shall be set in motion and the effectof passing the filtering half mask through theflame shall be noted.
c) The temperature of the flame at a height of20 mm above the burner tip shall be800 * 50°C. The temperature shall bechecked with a suitable measuringinstrument.
d) For the test, the filtering half mask shall bepassed once through the flame at 6 + 0.5 cmls.When components such as valve(s), etc arearranged on other parts of the filtering halfmask, the test shall be repeated with othersamples of the filtering half mask in theappropriate position.
A-6 CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF THEINHALATION AIR
A-6.1 A total of 3 filtering half masks shall be tested,all 3 as received.
A-6.2 The apparatus consists essentially of a breathingmachine with solenoid valves controlled by thebreathing machine, a connector, a C02 flow meter, aC02 analyzer and a humidifier.
The apparatus subjects the filtering half mask to arespiration cycle by the breathing machine.
For this test, the filtering half mask shall be fittedsecurely in a leak-tight manner but without
‘1
deformation to the dummy head (type Sheffield)(see Fig. 15).
17
\,\
Is 9473:2002
*
K I If the design of the test equipment causes a C02 buildup, a COZ absorber shall be used in the inhalation
ou-l branch between solenoid valve and breathing machine.
I1 The CO, is fed into the breathing machine via a control
I -Jfblo
492
Air shall be supplied to it from a breathing machineadjusted to 25 cycles/rein and 2.0 l/stroke and theexhaled air shall have a carbon dioxide content of5 percent by volume.
A typical test arrangement is shown in Fig, 16.
A
—
-1
valve, a-flow meter, a compensating bag and two non-retum valves.
Immediately before the solenoid valve a small quantityof exhaled air is preferably continuously withdrawnthrough a sampling line and then fed into the exhaledair via a COZanalyzer.
To measure the COZ content of the inhaled air,5 percent of the stroke volume of the inhalation phaseof the breathing machine is drawn off at the markedplace by an auxiliary lung and fed to a COZanalyzer.The total dead space of the gas path (excluding thebreathing machine) of the test installation should notexceed 2000 ml.
The COZcontent of the inhaled air shall be measuredand recorded continuously.
A-6.3 Test Conditions
Ambientatmosphere : laboratory ambient
Exhalation air : 37 + 2°C, >95 percentrelative humidity
Air flow ftomthe front : 0.5 m/s
For testarrangement : see Fig. 17
This test shall be performed until a constant carbondioxide content in the inhalation air is achieved.
A-7 STRENGTH OF ATTACHMENT OF
A-A,
EXHALATION VALVE HOUSING
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 12 BLOWERS ACTUATEDBY AIR POWERS
A-7.1 A total of three filtering half masks shall betested. One as received, one temperature conditionedin accordance with A-1.2 and one after the testdescribed for mechanical strength in A-10.
A-7.2 The filtering half mask shall be mountedsecurely to a fixture as shown in Fig. 18. An axialtensile force of 10 N shall be applied to the valve(housing) for 10 s. The results shall be noted.
A-8 BREATHING RESISTANCE“{
A-8.1 Test Samples and Fixture
A total of 9 filtering haif masks shall be tested; 3 as
18
-. .
Is 9473:2002
99.5 “‘/0
98
95
90
8070
kJ xPARAFFINOIL MISTNUMBERDISTRIBUTION
; 40~ 30& 20
: 10
g5
525n 1
0.5 -0.2
0.05- , I , 1, , , * , I t., , t , t t ,410-2 2 3 L567810-’ 2 34567810° 2 3 456pm10’
STOWS DIAMETERIN km
FIG. 13 PARTICLESIZE DISTRIBUTIONOF PARAFFINOIL MIST
PHOTOBEAM REGULATOR MULTIPLIERla DIRECT LIGHTBEAM ,—
REGULATINGMOTOR
L\ I SCATTEREDLIGHT
BEAM
AMPLIFI
‘LIGHT SOURCE \MEASURINGCHAMBER
I
FIG. 14 SCHEMEFORTHEAEROSOLPHOTOMETER
19
1s 9473:2002
m
P,.” -
--
f= ‘1’ 0&
2
/-.
x INSERT FOR MEASUREMENTOF BREATtilNG RESISTANCE
200
tr 7, 1
u-lm
- —- —.— .—. —. .—. — .—.
4-
6b
- EXHALATION
Alldimensions in millimetres
FIG. 15 DUMMY HEAD (SHEFFIELD HEAD) FOR CARBONDIOXIDE CONTENTTEST OF THE
INHALATIONAIR (DEAD SPACE)FORA FILTERINGHALF MASK
received, 3 after temperature conditioning inaccordance with A-1.2, and 3 after the simulatedwearing treatment as described in A-1.l.
The filtering half mask shall be fitted securely in aleak tight manner but without deformation to thedummy head (type Sheffield).
A-8.2 Exhalation Resistance
The filtering half mask shall be sealed on the dummyhead (type Sheffield). The exhalation resistance shallbe measured at the opening for the mouth of thedummy head using the adaptor shown in Fig. 15 anda breathing machine adjusted to 25 cycles/rein and a2.0 I/stroke or a continuous flow of 160 l/rein. Asuitable pressure transducer shall be used.
A-8.3 Inhalation Resistance
The inhalation resistance shall be tested at 30 and95 l/rein continuous flow.
A-8.4 Correction
The resistance value1 bar absolute.
A-9 CLOGGING
The test aerosol shall
shall be corrected to 27°C and
be dolomite or coal. A total of 3
filtering half masks shall be tested. One as receivedand two after temperature conditioning in accordancewith A-1.l.
A-9.1 Clogging Test Using Coal
A-9.1.1 Principle
The test consists of drawing dry, dust laden air througha filtering half mask on the inhalation cycle of asinusoidal breathing machine and blowing moist, dustfree air through the filtering half mask during theexhalation cycle and determining the pressure dropacross the filtering half mask following the collectionof 1.5 g of dust. The test shall be conducted with theinhaled air at an ambient temperature of 27 + 2°C and
20
\\\
-.
Is 9473:2002
1 Breathing machine 6 Carbon dioxide analyzer2 Auxiliary lung 7 Sokmoidvalves3 Non-return valve 8 Dummyhead4 Flowrneter 9 Sampling tube forinhalation air(see Fig. 17)5 Compensator 10 Carbon dioxide absorber
11 Humidifier
FIG. 16 SCHEMEOF TYPICAL TEST RIG FOR CARBONDIOXIDE CONTENTOF THE INHALATIONAIR
YBLOW
Ib
- :,6DUMMYH
SENSORFORAIR FLOW
D.3 TO Oo5m DUCT
J%’
. -- --
2m 0.25m
TOWARDSTHEBREATHINGMACHINE
FIG. 17 SCHEME OF TEST ARRANGEMENTANDAIR FLOW FORCARBONDIOXIDETEST
at 65 + 5 percent relative humidity and the exhaledair at 37 + 2°C and 95 percent relative humidityminimum.
A-9.1.2 Test Equipment
A scheme of a typical apparatus is given in Fig. 19.The double acting breathing machine B (2 I/stroke,15 cycles/rein) and the critical orifice O in conjunctionmaintain the flow rate through mixing chamber C andnozzle A essentially constant at 95 l/rein and9.5 l/rein respectively throughout the sinusoidalbreathing cycle, so ensuring dust conditions withinthe chamber C.
For measuring the pressure drop and setting up flowthrough nozzle A, valve X is set at CALIBRATE;during these operations, the breathing machine isswitched off. For testing the valve is set at TEST. Fordetermining the quantity of dust which shall beintroduced into the hopper H in order that 1.5 g becollected on the filtering half mask, valve Y is set atCALIBRATE; at this setting the flow rate duringexhalation is zero.
A-9.1.3 Test Conditions
The dust used for the clogging test shall be coal dust
Is 9473:2002
w1“i ION FORCE
FIG. 18 FIXTURE FOR FACE BLANK
AIR SUCTION
‘J/kONE-WAYVALVE
VALVEY*
DOUBLEACTINGBREATHINGMACHINE,B VALVEYb
-’w!iHYGROMETER I
HYGROMETER
7P
MIXINGCHAMBERC
HOPPERH
1“ NOZZLEA
w TURNTABLE T
VALVEPOStTKJN
$
TEST
VALVEYa
VALVEYb
II CALIBRATE
$.VEXb VALVEYa
VALVEYb
++-
TEST
VALVEXb
VALVEXa
CALIBRATE
++
VALVEXb
‘VALVEXa
FIG. 19 TYPICAL SINUSOIDALDUST CLOGGINGTEST APPARATUSFORVALVELESS FILTERINGHALF MASKS
22
...
ground by ball mill and graded by sieving, the portionwhich passes a 240 mesh (60 micrometre aperture)sieve being used for the test. The size distribution ofcoal dust is given in Table 5.
Table 5 Size Distribution of Coal Dust
(Clause A-9. 1.3)
S1No.
(1)Oii)iii)iv)
v)vi)vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)
Coulter Counter Sedimentation Analysis
~ ~Percent weight
(Equivalent number (Stokesspherical particles diameter)diameter) oversize
(No. >2.5 ym=100)
~mg (3) (4)2.5 100 2.53.0 65 3.05,0 27 5.07,6 14.6 7.0
10.0 7.7 10.015.0 3.5 15.020.0 1.9 20.025.0 1,1 25.030.0 0.6 30.035.0 0.3 35.040.0 0.2 40,0
(5)89.087.580.577,065.052.536.031.223.215,7
9.3
A-9. 1.4 Test Procedure
The test apparatus shall be setup connecting a weighedfiltering half mask into the air circuit at the top ofchamber C. Valve X shall be set to CALIBRATE andair shall be drawn through the filtering half mask at95 l/rein; valve E shall be adjusted until the flowthrough the nozzle A is 9.5 l/rein. Valve X shall thenbe set to TEST and valve Yto CALIBRATE, a knownweight of dust shall be fed into the hopper H anddispersed into the chamber. After dispersal, thefiltering half mask shall be re-weighed. A number offiltering half masks shall be exposed until the weightof dust which shall be introduced into the hopper togive a 1.5 g collection is determined.
Connect the filtering half mask into the chamber. ValveY shall be set to TEST, the previously determinedweight of dust shall be introduced into the hopper H
and after allowing the filtering half mask to reachequilibrium the dust shall be dispersed into chamber C.After dispersal valve X shall be set to CALIBRATEand the breathing machine turned off. The pressuredrop across the filtering half mask at 95 l/rein shallbe read off manometer M.
Repeat the test on the other two samples and reportthe 3 recorded pressure drops. After completion of theclogging test, the filtering half masks shall be allowedto stabilize in the laboratory for 24 h at the end ofwhich the filtration efficiency of each filtering halfmask shall be determined.
Is 9473:2002
A-9.2 Clogging Test Using Dolomite Dust
A-9.2.1 Principle
The test consists of subjecting the filtering half maskto a sinusoidal breathing simulation. The sample issurrounded by a known concentration of dolomite dustin air. Following the exposure, the breathing resistanceand the filter penetration of the sample filtering halfmask are measured.
A-9.2.2 Test Equipment
A scheme of a typical apparatus is given in Fig. 20.The working area of the test chamber has a suggestedsquare section of 650 mm x 650 mm. The breathingmachine has a displacement of 2 l/stroke. The exhaledair shall pass a humidifier in the exhaled air circuit,such that the exhale air temperature, measured at theposition of the sample filtering half mask is 37+ 2°Cand 95 percent relative humidity minimum,
A-9.2.3 Test Conditions
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)d
h)
DUST:DRB 4/15 dolomite. The sizedistribution of dolomite dust is given inTable 6.
The particle size distribution of the air bornedust at the working area of the dust chamberis given in Fig. 21. This characteristic is anessential parameter, which shall be verifiedespecially if the geometry of the test chamberis somewhat different from the modeldescribed in this standard.
Continuous flow through the dust chamber:60 m3/h, linear velocity 4 cmls.
Sinusoidal flow through the filtering halfmask is delivered by a breathing machineadjusted to 15 cycles/rein and 2.0 I/stroke;the exhaled air shall be saturated in humidity.
Concentration of thedust : 400+ 100 mg/m3
Temperature of the air : 27+ 2“C.
Relative humidity of
the air : 45 + 15 percentTesting time : Until the product of measureddust concentration and exposure time is833 mg h/m3 or until:
.
1)
2)
for valved filtering half masks, the peakinhalation resistance (corresponding toa continuous flow of 95 l/rein) hasreached 4 mbar for class FFP 1 or 5 mbarfor class FFP2 or until the peakexhalation resistance has reached 1,8mbar (corresponding to 3 mbar at acontinuous flow of 160 l/rein); and
for valveless filtering half masks, the
23
_.,
Is 9473:2002
. ..-
.
DUSTTESTCHAMBER
lNJ~ToR _FILTER PUMP
PROFtE L _- mnn
7“ $- :- “I
D~ST ,Ap SFECIMEN EXHAUSTCOMPRESSED IAIR AIR I
FLOWMETERFILTER
c
1PROBELINE
TDUSTDISTRIBUTOR
I
I t
~
oPUMP
I COUNTER
~ ‘XHAUST
mw d 1 IHUMIDITY
FIG. 20 TYPICAL SINUSOIDALDOLOMITEDUST CLOGGINGTEST APPARATUS
peak inhalation resistance or the peakexhalation resistance has reached 3 mbarfor class FFP1 or 4 mbar for class FFP2.
NOTE — 833 mg h/m3correspondsto inhaling a total volume ofair laden with 1.5g of dust. This is represented, for example, by adust concentration of 400 mg/mj and an exposuretime is 125min.Because of the dust losses on exhalation the cumulative weight ofdust collected on the filtering half mask will probably be less than1.5g. For this reason, there is no purpose in weighing the sampletiltering half mask.
A-9.2.4 Test Procedure
Dust from the distributor shall be conveyed to the dustchamber where it shall be dispersed into the air streamof 60 m3/h.
The sample filtering half mask shall be fitted in a leaktight manner to a dummy head or a suitable filterholder located in the dust chamber. The breathingmachine and humidifier shall be connected to thesample and shall be operated for the specified testingtime. .
The concentration of dust in the test chamber maybemeasured by drawing air at 2 l/rein through asampling probe equipped with a pre-weighed, highefficiency filter (open face, diameter 37 mm) locatednear the test sample as shown in Fig. 22.
The dust concentration shall be calculated from theweight of dust collected, the flow rate through the filterand the time of collection. Other suitable means maybe used.
A-9.2.5 Assessment of Clogging
Following the exposure the breathin} resistance of the
filtering half mask shall be measured using clean air.The filter penetration shall then be measured inaccordance with A-10.
Table’6 Size Distribution of Dolomite Dust
(Clause A-9.2.3)
SINo.
(1)
0ii)iii)iv)v)
vi)
vii)
Coulter Counter Sedimentation Analysis
~ ~Percent weight
(Equivrdent number (Stokes oversizespherical particles diameter)diameter) oversize
(No. > 2.5pm=100)
~m pm
(2) (3) (4) (5)
0.7 100 11 80 22 30 33 17 55 7 8
109 2 12
1412 1 18
99.597.5958570502610
1
A-10 MECHANICAL STRENGTH
A-10.1 Apparatus
The apparatus, as shown schematically in Fig. 23,consists of a steel case (K) which is fixed on a verticallymoving piston (S), capable of being lifled up 20 mmby a rotating cam (N) and dropping down onto a steelplate (P) due to its own mass as the cam rotates. Themass of the steel case shall be more than 10 kg.
24
\
A-10.2 Procedure
A-10.2. 1 The filters shall be treated as received,removed from their packaging but still sealed. The filtershall be placed on their sides in the case (K) so thatthey do not touch each other during the test, allowing6 mm horizontal movement and free vertical movement.
A-10.2.2 After the test any loose material that mayhave been released from the filter shall be removed
Is 9473:2002
prior to the performance testing. The test rig shal I beoperated at the rate of approximate y 100 rotations/reinfor approximately 20 min and a total of 2000 rotations.
A-1 1 VISUAL INSPECTION
The visual inspection is carried out where appropriateby the test station prior to laboratory or practicalperformance tests. The visual inspection includesmarking and instructions for use.
99,99
1[‘/0
99.9I
99.5
M: 95g Xl
DOLOMITEDRS4/15 TESTAEROSOLG 803~ 70# 60w 50g Los 30g 20
~ 105
210.50.2
0.05-
0.01 ,. u2 3 b557810 20 30 LO 60pm100
PARTICLE- DIAMETERMASSBASIS II m -
FIG. 21 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONOF DOLOMITEDUST IN THETEST CHAMBER
●
25
\ ‘,,
IS 9473:2002
OPENNINGNDUSTCHAMBER
K16S9 ,
...
Ill 1s5 I “4-l-Soo RECOMWNDEDPROBEPOSITION
DUMMYHEADADAPTERMETHYLMETHACRYLATE
H60xI
R z—1.--~ Jpg I 667 ~
DUMMYHEADCONFWJRATIDN DuM~ HEAOFILTERHOUERFORREMOVALOF PARTICLESPENETRATING
THROUGHTHEFILTER
Alldimensionsin millimetres.
FIG. 22 DETAILS OF TYPICALDOLOMITEDUST CLOGGINGTEST APPARATIJS
26
\I.
1s 9473:2002
Ezzz.
,
s’
=+-
1/
N
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG.23 TEST EQUIPMENTFOR TEST OF MECHANICALSTRENGTH
27
‘1
1s 9473:2002
r
._——
ANNEX B
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Industrial Safety and Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 8
Organization
National Safely Council, Mumbai
Airports Authority of India, New Delhi
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai
13habhaAtomic Research Centre, Mumbai
Central Boiler Board, New Delhi
Century Rayon, Thane
Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai
Central Mining Research Institute, Jharkhand
Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi
Confederation of Indian Industries, New Delhi
Department of Explosives, Nagpur
Department of Industrial Policy& Promotion,New Delhi
Development Commissioner (SS1),New Delhi
Directorate General of Health Services,New Delhi
Directorate General Factory AdviceServicesandLabourInsthutes,Mumbai
~irectoratcot’industrialSafetyandHealth(FactoryInspectorate),Mornabai
DirectorateGeneralofMinesSafety,Dhanbad
Employees Slate InsuranceCorporation, New Delhi
Excel [odustries Limited, Mumbai
Ilindustan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore
I{industm Lever Limited, Mumbai
Indian lnstitotc of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
lndian Chemical Manufacturers Association, Mumbai
[ndian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited, Rishikesh
Indian PctrochernicalCorporation Limited,Vadodara
Indian Space ResearchOrganization, Sriharikota
IndustrialToxicology Research Centre, Lucknow
Ministry of Defence (DGQA),New Delhi
Ministry of Defence, Directorate of Standardization,New Delhi
Ministry of Defence (OFB), Kolkata
Ministry of Defence (R & D), Kanpur
Representative(s)
Smu K. C, GUPrA(C/rahrrurr)
REPRESENTAW
Smu P.K. GHOSH
DRB. N. RATHL
REPRESENrATWE
%0 H. G. UH,4h4Clim0AN
SmrrS. K. MIssw (A[ternafe)
REFRE?ENrATIVE
Smr J, K. PANDEY
klWiENrAllVFi
REFiWSENrA71VE
REPRSS13WA~
DR D, R, CHAWLA
REQRJ3ENrATNS
REPRFSENrAIIVE
DRA,K, Mmmm.mStmuS. P. RANA(Mfernafe)
REPRESENrAIWE
DIRECTOROFMINESSmw (MSE)DEPUTYDIRECTOROFMINESSmmv (HQ)
(Alternate)
REPRESENTATIVE
REPRESENrATIVS
RSPRESEiWATTVE
Smu B. B. DAVE
SHRIADITYAJmv.m (Ahemare)
%0 S. VENXATESWARA RAO
Smu V.N.DAS
!ku A. A. PANJWANI(Alternate)
REPRESENTATIVE
%+ P, VIJAYRAGHAVAN
SHSUM. R. PATEL(Alternate I)SmuA.V, S,-uwmv(Alternate 11)
Smu P.N. SAmm,m
SmwV. K. SRNASTAVA(Alternate)
DRVrrumrxuMrsruDRV.P. Srrmwm (Alternate)
Smu M, S.SULTANIA
Smu SurmGHOSH(Alternate)
Smo P. S.AHUJA
LT-COL TSIINDERSINGH(Alternate)
DRD.S. S, GANGULYSsrraR. SRINIVASAN(Alternate)
DRA. K. SAXENADRRA~DRASINGH(Akernafe)
(Continued on page 29)
28
Is 9473:2002
(Con/inuedfrom page 28)
Organization
Ministry of Environment& Forest, New Delhi
National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad
National Organic Chemical Industries Limited, Thane
National Safety Council, Mumbai
Oil Industry Safety Directorate, New Delhi
Safety Appliances Manufacturers Association, Mumbai
Standing Fire Advisory Council, New Delhi
Steel Authority of India Limited, Rarrchi
SIEL Chemical Complex, New Delhi
Southern Petrochemical IndustriesCorporation Limited,Tuticorin
Tata AIG Risk Management Services Limited, Mumbai
BIS Director General
Representative(s)
&WiEtWAIWE
REfRESi3WAllW
Dr+B.V. BAPAT
Sm V. R. Nm (Alternate)
SmrrP.M.lUoSmuD. BISWAS(Alternate)
Srca S. K. CnuawBmn
SmrrV. K,SRIVASTAVA(Alternate)
SmtrV.JAYARAMANSmr S.MURUGANANOAM(Alternate)
Smu URMISHD. SW
Sm S, K, CrwuDmm.r,Dhector & Head (CHD)
[RepresentingDirector General (Ex-oficio)]
Member SecretaqSmuN. K.P.m
Dhector (CHD), BIS
29
..
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau ofhiian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmoniousdevelopment of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending toconnected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the f~e use, in the course of implementingthe standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating tocopyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaftlrmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standardsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of‘BIS Catalogue’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. CHD 8 (827).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
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