is project management - gunadarma...
TRANSCRIPT
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-1
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
IS Project Management
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-2
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan SuplementIn
trodu
ctio
n
What is
a Project ?
A project is a temporary endeavour
undertaken to create a unique product or
service
�The end is reached : Project objectives are achieved, or Project is terminated
�Temporary does not mean short in duration�Temporary does not apply project`s products or services�All temporary tasks are not projects�Temporary nature of projects may apply to other aspects :
The opportunity is temporary and – The project team is temporary
�Doing something which has not been done before
�The project might have repetitive elements�The characteristics must be progressively
elaborated : �Elaboration of product characteristics
must be coordinated with project scope definition
� Ideally the scope of the project should remain constant as the product characteristics change.
Examples:
•Developing a new product
•Changing the structure of
organization
•Implementing a new design
processOperations are not projects:
Operations are ongoing and
repetitive
Project always begin with
Problem (John J. Rakos)
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-3
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan SuplementIn
trodu
ctio
n
Progressive Elaboration
� Integrates concepts of temporary and unique
�As the product is unique it should be progressively elaborated.
� The scope of the project should remain constant even as the product scope is progressively elaborated.
� Example:
�Problem analysis
�Requirements specification
�Software design
�Coding
�Testing
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-4
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan SuplementIn
trodu
ctio
nRich picture of a general software-development process(Mireles and Jacobo)
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-5
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan SuplementIn
trodu
ctio
n
What is a
Project
Management
?
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet project requirements
Requires to balance: Scope, time, cost and quality:
Scope/quality
Co
st
Time
� Involves stakeholders with different needs and
expectations
� Involves identified requirements
� Management by projects is not project
management.
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-6
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Relationship to Other Disciplines
Project Management
Knowledge andPractice
Management
Knowledge and
Practises
Application
Area Knowledge
And Practises
Software estimation
Life cycles
Quality models
Significance of problem domain knowledge
Operations:
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Executing
ControllingIntr
odu
ctio
n
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-7
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan SuplementIn
trodu
ctio
nWhy The Project Fail ? – John J. Rakos
Failure at The Start
�Do not get off the ground (without a plan)
�Unrealistic deadline and budget
Failure in The Development stages
�Analysis and design are not documented
�The responsibilities are not clear assigned to spesific individuals
�Design, testing, and implementation methods are invaluable
�Lack of walk-through’s and review
�Many project failures are blamed on turnover
�Lack of development standard
�Brute force techniques such as add more manpower don’t work
Failure at The End
�Delivery without thorough debugging
�Do not deliver the promised performance
�Maintenance cost is too high
�Overrun in expense and schedule, unhappy users, damaged reputation,
waste expensive talent, etc
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-8
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
Project Management Framework
Scope
Mgt
Time
Mgt
Cost
Mgt
Quality
Mgt
Project Integration Management
HR
Mgt
Comm
Mgt
Risk
Mgt
Procure
Mgt
To
ols a
nd
Tech
niq
ues
Sta
keh
old
ers n
eed
s
an
d ex
pecta
tion
s
Core Function
Facilitating Function
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-9
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Project Management Framework
Integration Management
�Plan development�Project plan execution�Overall change control
Scope Management
�Initiation�Scope planning�Scope definition�Scope verification�Scope change control
Time Management
�Activity definition�Activity sequencing�Activity durationestimating�Schedule development�Schedule control
Cost Management
�Resources Planning�Cost estimating�Cost budgeting�Cost control
Quality Management
�Quality planning�Quality assurance�Quality control
HR Management
�Organizational planning�Staff acquisition�Team development
Comm. Management
�Communications Planning�Information distribution�Performance reporting�Administrative closure
Risk Management
�Risk identification�Risk quantification�Risk response development�Risk response control
Risk Management
�Procurement planning�Solicitation planning�Solicitation�Source selection�Contract administration�Contract close-out
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-10
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
Definition Analysis Design Programming System Test Acceptance Operation
Requirements
Go/no Go decision
Proposal
Requirement
Document (*)
(userS.O.)
Analysis Proposal
(User buys)
Preliminary
project plan
(resource provider
S.O)
Functional
specification
Development
Proposal
Re-estimate
Functional
Spesification
(user S.O)
Estimates and
Project plan
(re-done)
Top level design
System Design
ATP
Re-estimate
Design specifica.
(walked thru.)
Acceptance test
Plan (user s.o)
Revised estimates
(done)
Module Design
Coding
Module Design
(walked thru)
System test Plan
(Done)
User Documen-
Tation
(started)
Programs
(tested)
Project leader
(S.O)
Integration
Testing
Working/
Debugged
System
(Proj.Mgr S.O.)
Acceptance Test
Test Result
(user S.O.)
User Supported
Cutover
Warranty
Sell next project
Post Project Rev.
Maintenance
New system
Operational
(user satis.)
Proposal for
Next project
(user buy)
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
Project Management
Reviews
Status Reports
Documentation User Training
DO
CU
ME
NT
S A
ND
(MIL
ES
TO
NE
S)
Relative Effort
(PM)
(Total Staff)
(*)
PROJECT PHASE
(*) The requirements Document may or may not be part of the project
John J. Rakos
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-11
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les The Iterative Model graph shows how the
process is structured along two dimensions
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-12
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-13
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
The principles of modern software management
(Royce Walker)
Base the process on an architecture-first approach
Establish an iterative life-cycle process that
confronts risk early
Transition design methods to emphasize component-based development
Establish a change management environment
Enhance change freedom through tools that support round-trip
engineering
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-14
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Capture design artifacts in rigorous, model-based
notation
Instrument the process for objective quality control and
progress assessment
Use a demonstration-based approach to assess
intermediate artifacts
Plan intermediate releases in groups of usage
scenarios with envolving levels of detail
Establish a configurable process that is economically
scalable
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-15
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les Work Breakdown Structure
�Determine how to organize the work breakdown
�Time based, i.e. planning/analysis/design/construct/
test/implement
�Deliverable based, i.e. online application/data warehouse/user
query tools
�Geography based, i.e. Chicago Pilot Test/Midwest
Region/Eastern Region
�Other …
�Any breakdown should end up covering all the work
�Sequencing not important for WBS
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-16
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Work Breakdown Structure
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
SIA PROJECTSIA PROJECTLevel 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
0.0
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
ANALYSISANALYSIS
DESIGNDESIGN
PROGRAMMINGPROGRAMMING
SYSTEM TESTSYSTEM TEST
ACCEPTANCEACCEPTANCE
OPERATIONOPERATION
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
Requirement
Document
Requirement
DocumentFeasibility
Study
Feasibility
Study Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis Pre. Project
Plan
Pre. Project
Plan ProposalProposal Negotiate
Proposal
Negotiate
Proposal
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
InterviewsInterviews Analyse
Existing Sys.
Analyse
Existing Sys.Define New
Sys. Function
Define New
Sys. FunctionWrite Funct.
Specification
Write Funct.
SpecificationNegotiate
Func. Spec.
Negotiate
Func. Spec.
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2..5
Office
Manager
Office
ManagerWarehouse
Supervisor
Warehouse
Supervisor RegistrarsRegistrars
CEOCEO
AccountantAccountant
2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-17
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les
When Do You
Stop?
� Some person (or group for larger project) can take responsibility
for the task, or to accomplish the activities involved
� You can get rough estimate of the effort (person days) needed to
perform the activity (or activities involved)
� You can schedule the task
� The task must be small and able to be completed
Estimate (person-day) 2 2 1 1 3 2
Total 11 days
Registration
System
Registration
SystemWarehouse
System
Warehouse
SystemCEO’s
Business
CEO’s
BusinessAccountant’s
Business
Accountant’s
Business DocumentsDocuments Data
Flow
Data
Flow
Analyses
Existing Sys.
Analyses
Existing Sys.
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-18
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Mind-Mapping Approach
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-19
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-20
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-21
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
1.0 Concept
1.1 Evaluate current systems
1.2 Define Requirements
1.2.1 Define user requirements
1.2.2 Define content requirements
1.2.3 Define system requirements
1.2.4 Define server owner requirements
1.3 Define specific functionality
1.4 Define risks and risk management approach
1.5 Develop project plan
1.6 Brief Web development team
2.0 Web Site Design
3.0 Web Site Development
4.0 Roll Out
5.0 Support
Intranet WBS in Tabular Form
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-22
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Intranet WBS and Gantt Chart in Project 2000
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-23
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-24
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les The person responsible for the plan (probably the project manager for a small to mid
sized project) then collate all the estimate and precedent, as follows
210TOTAL
Acceptance10Operation
Documentation10Training
System Test, Documentation5Acceptance
Design20Documentation
Program A, B, C10System Test
Design25Program C (Warehouse)
Design30Program B (Registration)
Design20Program A (Control)
Analysis25Design
Definition35Analysis
-20Definition
PRECEDENTSEFFORTACTIVITY
Note:
This example only the progranning had sub-component. If there are any sub-
component of any other major activity avaliable, they would also be listed
Network
Diagram
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-25
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Fr a
mew
ork
&P
rin
cip
les Network Diagram
STRT
0
DEF
20
ANAL
35
DES
25
PGMB
30
SYS TST
10
ACC
5
OPER
10END
PGMB
30
PGMB
30
PGMB
30
OPER
10Precedence Network
Another Format …..
Activity on Arrow
0
1Activity n
t
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-26
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Critical Path Method
1 2A
10 day
3
4 5
6 7
B C
G
D
E
F
5 day
3 day
4 day
6 day
3 day
5 day
0 10
0 + 10 15
10 + 5
13
10 + 3
17
13 + 420?
17 + 3
21?
15 + 6
21 26
21 + 5
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-27
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Critical Path Method
1 2A
10 day
3
4 5
6 7
B C
G
D
E
F
5 day
3 day
4 day
6 day
3 day
5 day
0 10
15
13 17
21 26
2621
26 - 5
15
21 - 6
1821 - 3
14
18 - 4
11 ?
14 - 3
10 ? 15 - 5
100
10 - 10
IS Project ManagementIS Project Management
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-28
Introduction Framework&Principles Rational Unified Process SPM Plan Suplement
Critical Path Method
1 2A
10 day
3
4 5
6 7
B C
G
D
E
F
5 day
3 day
4 day
6 day
3 day
5 day
0 10
15
13 17
21 26
2621
15
1814
100
Project Duration : 26 day
: Critical path