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a tour with real-world examples

Presented By: Group - 1

Information Systems &

Information Technology


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Agenda

Presentation is supported by real-world examples

Birds Eye

View

IS | IT

IS-

Components


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Vital component of successful businesses

Helps businesses expand and compete

Businesses use IS and IT

To improve efficiency and

effectiveness of business processes

For managerial decision making

For workgroup collaboration

Why study Information Systems and Information Technology?


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A system

Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together to achieve a common set of objectives

By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation

process

What is a system?

Input Process Output


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An organized combination of

People

Hardware

Software

Communications networks Data resources

Policies and procedures

That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization

What is an Information System?


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Objective

ISControl, Management, Planning, Informative decisions

ITinput, organizes, processing and storing information.

History

ISstart of 1940 s when first time POS data and Inventorymanagement were performed

ITrelatively newer concept, started in 1990 s decades.

Scope

ISbroader perspective, depends on long term goals and

planning of organization

ITlimited to process and procedure, depend ontechnology used as per requirement of organization.

Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)


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Components

ISorganization ( people + structure + workingculture) + Technology + Management ( operation +managerial + strategic )

ITtechnology (hardware + software + database)

Application

ISWay people interact, Business work andOrganization run

ITonly technology component, does not considerthe environment.



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Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Internal sources -sales, manufacturing, inventory, or financial for an organizationsdatabase. External sources - interest rates, population trends, cost of new housing

construction / raw material pricing.

Executive Information Systems (ESS)

Information in an EIS are presented in charts and tables that show trends, ratios

and other managerial statistics and is stored in data warehouses

Real World Examples


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Real World Examples

Expert Systems (ES)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) the application of human intelligence to computers. (Speech

recognition and creative responses)


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Real World Examples


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Office Information Systems (OIS) :

The registration process of a school.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Example: Deposits, payments, orders

or reservations

Management Information Systems (MIS)generates accurate, timely and organized information so that managers can make

decisions, solve problems, supervise activities and track progress.

Example: Sales forecasting

Real World Examples


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Components of an Information

System


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People , culture and structureTraditionally, people resisted technology

Organization needs to create awareness to ensure effective use of

technology.

New technology leads to structural changes in the organization.

Ensuring the right attitudes towards technology.

Organizations also needs to assess the potential political discomfort

Hardware Resources

All physical devices used in information processing Machines, datamedia, peripherals

Components of an IS


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SoftwareAll information processing instructions including programs and

procedures System software, application software and procedures, eg Oracle, Windows (OS), Office package

Data Resources

Facts about the business transactions

Processed and organized information

Databases of organized data

Network Resources

Communications media

Network infrastructure: hardware and softwareThe Internet, intranets and extranets

Components of an IS


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BankingBank Of America

People - Tellers, Helplines , Customer relationship managers

Software- Windows (OS), banking application, mobile utility, online servicesHardware: ATMS, PCs, Scanners, Currency counter

DatabaseOracle, Access, etc

ProcedureServices, Banking, online, ATM

Retail - Wal-Mart

PeopleFloor Managers, CRMs, Cashiers

Software- Windows (OS), retail applications

Hardware: card readers, RFIDs, bar code readers, theft detectors, Loyalty Management

DatabaseOracle, Access

ProcedureRetail services, pos, consumer behavior

Telecom

Airtel/Vodafone

PeopleSales executive, customer care, Retailers

Software- Windows(OS),Mobile application SoftwareHardware: -Servers, Mobile towers , control rooms,Pc

DatabaseOracle, Access

ProcedureBilling System, CRM, Calling plans(Du)

Real World Examples


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Consumer PrivacyOrganizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge

amounts of data on individuals.

Employee Privacy

IT supports remote monitoring of employees,

violating privacy and creating stress

Freedom of SpeechIT increases opportunities for pornography, hatespeech, intellectual property crime, an d otherintrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism

No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for ITprofessionals--unlike other professions.

Social InequalityLess than 20% of the worlds population have everused a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.

Ethical & Societal Issues

The Not-So-Bright Side


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