ischemic heart disease pw

8/3/2019 Ischemic Heart Disease Pw

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ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE



→ is a disease characterized by ischemia (reduced bloodsupply) of the heart muscle, usually due to coronaryartery disease (atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries).

→ condition caused by a reduced amount of bloodsupplying the heart muscle. It can be caused

by cholesterol and other lipids building up on the innerwalls of arteries that supply the heart, forming a

thick plaque that can reduce the amount of bloodcarrying nutrients and oxygen to heart tissue.



→ most common in older individuals. Malesare affected more often than females

however the rates equalize betweenmen and women following menopause.



Pathophysiology• The arteries become "furred up" by fat-rich deposits in

the vessel wall called plaques.

• Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and othersubstances found in the blood. When plaque builds upin the arteries, the condition is called Atherosclerosis.

• Stable angina is due to inability to supply the

myocardium (heart muscle) with sufficient blood insituations of increased demand for oxygen, such asexertion.



Unstable angina, STEMI ("ST segmentelevation myocardial infarction,") and NSTEMI( “NON ST segment elevation myocardialinfarction,") are attributed to "plaque rupture",

where one of the plaques gets weakened,develops a tear, and forms an adherent bloodclot that either obstructs blood flow or floatsfurther down the blood vessel, causingobstruction there.



Risk Factors:

Family history of coronary artery disease Diabetes high blood pressure or atherosclerosis

Smoking Poor nutrition Overweight Hypertension

birth control pills physical inactivity stress



Signs and Symptoms

severe chest pain of Myocardial Infarction, which maybe fatal.

the warning symptoms occur in a large number of patients in the form of Angina Pectoris. The mainsymptom of Angina is pain over the central chest thatsometimes radiate down the left arm, to the jaw or tothe back.

sense of compression or tightness in the middle of the chest, and may last for 5-20 minutes. The painmay be accompanied by sweating. The presence of anginal episodes is virtually diagnostic of IschaemicHeart Disease



Lab. Findings:The laboratory tests of

value in confirming thediagnosis may bedivided into four

groups: (1) ECG

(2) serum cardiacbiomarkers

(3) cardiac imaging

(4) nonspecific indicesof tissue necrosis andinflammation.



During the initial stage, total occlusion of anepicardial coronary artery produces ST-segmentelevation. Most patients initially presenting with ST-

segment elevation ultimately evolve Q waves on theECG.

However, Q waves in the leads overlying the infarctzone may vary in magnitude and even appear onlytransiently, depending on the reperfusion status of theischemic myocardium and restoration oftransmembrane potentials over time.



Management

Medications used to treat ischemic heart disease Drug therapy is commonly used for treatment of ischemic heartdisease and includes:

•Angiotensin•Anti-ischemic agents•Antiplatelet drugs•Beta-blockersmuscle•NitratesStatins



Surgical procedures used to treat ischemic heart disease Severe symptoms that are not relieved by medication alone are treated withsurgical procedures including:

•Angioplasty (procedure to remove plaque and restore blood flow inclogged arteries)•Coronary artery bypass graft (procedure that helps restore blood flow tothe heart by routing the flow through transplanted arteries)



What you can do to improve yourischemic heart disease?

In addition to following yourtreatment plan, you maybe able to improve yourischemic heart diseaseby:

Getting regular physicalactivity

Keeping your cholesterolat a healthy level

Maintaining normal blood

pressure Quitting tobacco use

Reducing cholesterol andfat in your diet



QUIZ! 1. Ischemic Heart Disease is common in what individuals?

2. It is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

3. What do you call the condition when plaque builds up in the arteries?

4. What is the main symptom of Angina pectoris?

5. STEMI stands for?

6-8. Give atleast 3 medications used to treat Ischemic Heart Disease

9. Unstable angina, STEMI and NSTEMI are attributed to what?

10-14. Give atleast 5 Risk factors of Ischemic Heart Disease

15. procedure to remove plaque and restore blood flow in clogged arteries

16. procedure that helps restore blood flow to the heart by routing the flow throughtransplanted arteries

17-20. Give 4 ways to improve IHD

ischemic heart disease pw

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