ischia, 21-23 giugno 2006 riunione annuale ge 2006 enhanced design solutions for wsns applied to...

Ischia, 21-23 giugno 2006Riunione Annuale GE 2006

Enhanced Design Solutions for WSNs applied to Distributed Environmental Monitoring

Enhanced Design Solutions for Enhanced Design Solutions for WSNsWSNs applied to Distributed Environmental applied to Distributed Environmental

MonitoringMonitoring

http://www.goodfood-project.org

Davide Di Palma

University of Florence

MIDRA Consortium

Department of Electronics and Telecommunications



The GoodFood consortium:• 29 partners from 10 countries

• Started 01/01/2004, duration 42 months

• Objective: to demonstrate to the agro-food sector actors the advantages driven to the complete food chain control by the use of Micro and Nano- technology inspired systems

WP7 Mission:• to introduce Ambient Intelligence (AmI)

paradigms in Agriculture using WSN technology

• to implement a demonstrator for the wine chain

• to investigate portability and scalability to other food chains

MIDRA Consortium acts as WP7 coordinating partner

Mission and TargetsMission and Targets

WP1: Antibiotics

WP2: Pesticides

WP3: Mycotoxines

WP4: Pathogens

WP5: Quality

WP6: Logistics

Safety

Quality

WP7: Ambient

Intelligence

WP8: Training &

Dissemination

10 countries

FP6-IST-1-508774 GoodFood



System architecture

WSN

Gateway

Remote Server

PDA

GUI

Laptop

GPRS over TCP/IP

System SpecificationsSystem Specifications



WSN Node SpecificationsSystem System SpecificationsSpecifications

Communication Board

+

Sensor Board Power Board

The stackable assembled node allows connecting up to 16 Sensor Boards.

Each sensor board can be programmed and configured independently to support a wide range of sensor families

Hardware and software are designed to support “hot” Plug and Play features.



GPRS gateway

• Stand-alone communication platform, providing transparent bi-directional wireless TCP/IP connectivity for remote monitoring.

• Operating in conjunction with Remote Data Acquisition (RDA) equipments:

WSN, connected with a Master nodedirectly connected to sensors and

transducers.

• Powered by solar panels.

• Improved robustness.

• Reconnection with dynamic IP address assignment.

System SpecificationsSystem Specifications



System DeploymentSystem deployment & testingSystem deployment & testing

TWO Pilot Sites Deployed

TWO Different Environmental conditions

TWO Different WSN Configurations

Recovery strategies implemented at node level (DTR) and at Gateway level (DSR and FSR)

Montepaldi Farm UoF Greenhouse

16 nodes and 49 sensors

Operating since October, 25th 2005


Deployed October, 4th 2005



4 Plants4 Plants Aggregate Report: Sensors CorrelationIn the Greenhouse

Plant irrigation (from soil moisture sensors)

Plant growth (from diametric growth sensors)

Plant respiration (from leaf temperature sensors)

Environment conditions: vapour pressure deficit (from air temp/hunidity sensors)



2006 IEEE MTT-SInternational Microwave Symposium

San Francisco, CaliforniaJune 11 – June 16, 2006

Full-day WORKSHOP Title: Technology and applications of Wireless Sensor NetworkDate & Time: Friday, June 16, 8:00AM–5:00 PM Location: Moscone Center , S Francisco, Usa

Organizers: D. Adamson, National Physical Laboratory, UKG. Manes, University of Florence, Italy V. K. Nair, Intel Corp., USA Kate Remley, US Dept. of Commerce, USAE. Fathy, University of Tennessee, USA

Topics & Speakers:Wireless Mesh Networks: an introduction, D. Sexton, GE Sensor Networks for Wireless, G. Maracas, MotorolaSmart Antennas Applications in Wireless Sensor Networks, S. El-Ghazaly, University of TennesseeThe DOE Industrial Wireless Program, W. Manges, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryApplication of Wireless sensor networks, G. Manes, University of Florence and L Nachman, Intel Corp.Resolving the high bandwidth, low power dilemma, D. Culler, University of CaliforniaDo We Trust the Outputs from Sensor Networks? , D. Adamson, National Physical LaboratoryUtilizing a wireless sensor network to gauge an abstract quantity, Paul Bowman, BT

ConclusionsConclusions



TO BE CONTINUED….

POSTER B14



Pilot Site WSN

Case Study: Autumn heavy rain

Soil Moisture Trend @ different depths in different weather conditions

10 c

m30

cm

ResultsResults



Conclusions

End-to-end solution for WSN vineyard monitoring

• A state of the art wireless infrastructure has been fully designed, implemented and deployed.

• Innovative solutions have been implemented, such as flexible and generic sensor interfaces, wireless gateways and hardware boards, with improved robustness for unattended operation

• The custom low power STAR MAC protocol is running on all the WSN nodes, confirming the expected results in terms of energy efficiency and network stability

• End-to-end system architecture, with multi-format platforms and user interfaces




Conclusions

Further Advancements

• Extension of the developed infrastructure to the whole wine chain (cellar, logistic & transport phases);

• Deployments of new pilot sites, also for other food chains;

• Integration of additional sensors, including RFID tag reader, in the AmI infrastructure;

• Optimized hardware releases, at node level (improved RF performance) and at gateway level (power consumption and miniaturization);

• Electronically steered antennas for enhancing battery life;




PublicationsPublications

4.1. F. Chiti, M. Ciabatti, G. Collodi, D. Di Palma, A. Manes: “Design and Application of Enhanced

Communication Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks operating in Environmental Monitoring”,

accepted at ICC ’06 conference, notified on 31st Dec 2005 .

4.2 F. Chiti, M. Ciabatti, G. Collodi, D. Di Palma, A. Manes: “Enhanced Design Solutions for Wireless

Sensor Networks applied to Distributed Environmental Monitoring”, accepted at EWSN ’06

conference notified on 6th Jan 2006 .

4.3 F. Chiti, M. Ciabatti, G. Collodi, D. Di Palma, A. Manes: “An Embedded GPRS Gateway for

Environmental Monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks”, accepted at EWSN ’06 conference notified on

6th Jan 2006 .

Publications and ConferencesDisseminationDissemination

ConferencesConferences

15/16 November 2005 Florence Workshop: “Ambient Intelligence for food quality and safety”.

13/15 February 2006 Zurich, EWSN 2006: Invited PresentationInvited Presentation. “Enhanced Design Solutions for

WSNs applied to Distributed Environmental Monitoring”

11/16 June 2006 San Francisco, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium



1. Two pilot sites have been fully deployed for the exploitation of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) paradigms:

> Vineyard of Montepaldi Farm, Chianti zone, from October 2005.> Experimental greenhouse, Univ. of Florence, from July 2005.

Mission and TargetsMission and Targets

WorkPackage 7 results

2. A state of the art wireless infrastructure has been designed and implemented, adopting innovative hardware components, such as:

> Battery operated WSN nodes, running a custom, low power oriented multi-hop protocol (STAR MAC);

> Innovative generic sensor interface, supporting “hot” plug-and-play features developed on miniaturized hardware boards;

> Custom self-powered WSN-to-GPRS gateway;

3. All the data gathering chain have been fully implemented, from sensors up to final user interface.



EndEndEnhanced Design Solutions for Enhanced Design Solutions for WSNsWSNs

applied to Distributed Environmental applied to Distributed Environmental MonitoringMonitoring

http://www.unifi.it/midra/goodfoodUsername: ewsn2006Password: goodfood

From 15/02/06 up to 10/03/06

[email protected]



Vineyard Pilot Site WSN

Case Study: Autumn heavy rain

Soil Moisture Sensors

Air Humidity Sensors Air Temperature Sensors

Rain Fall

ResultsResults



Greenhouse Pilot Site WSN

Case Study: Salt & Water stress

Soil Moisture

Sensors

Trunk Diametric Growth Sensors

Living Plant Activity Dying Plant

Increasing Water Stress

Increasing Salt Concentration

ResultsResults



Ongoing activities

Protocol enhancements:

• STAR+ MAC

Topological messages

remote control ad firmware up-grading capability



Further developments

Protocol enhancements:

• Physical:

Adaptive threshold for the received power

• Routing:

Fully dynamic multihop

synchronous (downstream) sensing

asynchronous or event-based sensing (upstream + downstream)

Re-configurable communication paradigm for highly time-varying scenarios (mobile agents)

Advanced traffics management:

• QoS oriented

• Differentiated services

6. Conclusions6. Conclusions



STAR MAC

Synchronous Transmission Asynchronous Reception

Background:• WISE MAC: nodes maintain the schedule offsets of their neighbors• S-MAC: nodes regularly broadcast SYNC packets

Drawbacks (related to our application):

• WISE MAC: offset information is transmitted within ACK messages, then its update depends on traffic load

• S-MAC: clustered nodes are strictly synchronized and must have the same duty cycle and frame time

Proposed approach:

STAR protocol does not require strict node synchronization: each node can adjust its duty cycle and frame period independently.

Nodes periodically send their offsets to neighbors through a MAC layer signalling.

As a result, the network topology is flat.

1. Communications protocols1. Communications protocols



STAR MAC


Weak nodes synchronization (2 way handshake)

Steady state behaviour (except set up & recovery procedures)




STAR MAC


Duty cycle % 100 100l l

f l s

T Td

T T T

Normalized Cost 1 [ ]TxRx sleep

f f

NCCc d c d mA

T T

MAC frame period : Tf = Tl + TS

Typical parameters: Tf=60 s; d=3%; cRx=12mA; CTx=30mAh; csleep=0.01mA


The major contribution to the overall cost is represented by Receiving Status



Multihop routing

• Routing table management (building and updating):

MAC layer signaling (neighbor discovering, “SYNC”) (Tf)

Network layer signaling (network discovering, “PING”) (Tp >>Tf)

Cross layer protocol design inspired

• Communication protocol robustness (best hop selection)

• Sensing messages generation (Tacq) & forwarding


Target Next Hop Hop Counter

Phase Link Quality

Battery Level

Congestion Level

SinkX NX X X BX CX

Y NY Y Y BY CY

Z NZ Z Z BZ CZ



User Interface

• http://www.unifi.it/midra/goodfood/

• Multiple gateways monitoring

• Low level messages logging

• 1D and 2D graphs:

Joint plotting

Interactive map

Time window adjusting

4. User interface4. User interface



QoS at WSN levelSystem deployment & testingSystem deployment & testing



QoS at WSN level

1st Deployment Success Rate %

Node 9 89.8

Node 10 91.1

System deployment & testingSystem deployment & testing



QoS at WSN level

1st Deployment Success Rate %

Node 15 81.8 Node 16 82.9Node 17 81.2




Gateway Disconnections

2 Disconnections in 168 h monitoring Each lasts 20 minutes Pout = 0.4 %

QoS at WSN levelSystem deployment & testingSystem deployment & testing



QoS at System levelDynamic Recovering Strategies

Outdoor operation in adverse environment Dead-lock at node level (collisions, EMI, in-band jamming) Temporary lack of connectivity at Gateway (dynamic radio resource

management, temporary outage of radiomobile channel, radiobase maintenance)

Mandatory requirement : unattended operation

Node level

Dynamic Time-out Recovery (DTR)

Gateway level

Dynamic session re-negotiation (DSR)

Forced session re-negotiation (FSR)




The deployment at Montepaldi Farm


operating since October, 25th 2005

Features:

Full STAR MAC multi-hop operation

Stand alone unattended system

Extended covered area, up to 4 sensors per node

Implemented sensors:

Soil moisture and temperature

Air humidity and temperature

Differential leaf temperature

Diametric stem growth




The Greenhouse

Motivations

Global system validation completed through a set of advanced case-studies in a controlled environment

Features

Single hop configuration in a very restricted area

Highly dense communication & multipath environment

Up to 6 sensor per node


Deployed October, 4th 2005 (final release)




Vineyard Pilot Site WSN

Case Study: Nodes’ cases airtight closure

ResultsResults



Scientific collaborations and partnership related to GoodFood activities:

Intel Research Labs, S. Clara CA,

MoU for joint activity for application of WSN technology in food chain

WINE-OCHRA RISK (QLK-1-CT-2001-01761) Assessment of risk of ochratoxin A (ATA) in grape and wine in Europe and protection of the consumer’s health

MoU with Cooperating Embedded Systems for Exploration and Control featuring WSNs (sent to PM for discussion in GMB) Embedded WiSeNets FP6-IST-2-004400-CA

Collaboration agreement with Prof. Veronique Bellon at CEMAGREF Montpellier (France) for the implementation of a pilot site at CEMAGREF vineyard based on GoodFood WSN technology

Creating an European Network of Research Centres working in application of ICT for precision viticulture

CollaborationsMission and TargetsMission and Targets

ischia, 21-23 giugno 2006 riunione annuale ge 2006 enhanced design solutions for wsns applied to...

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riunione annuale ge

enhanced design solutions

ge sensor networks

environmental monitoring

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sensor boards