isd in distance education

7/29/2019 ISD in Distance Education

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Instructional Systems Design in

Distance Education

Goal: This lesson will discuss Instructional Systems Design as it

relates to distance education.

Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, learners will be able to:

1 - Identify the five phases of instructional systems design (ISD)

2 - Identify the three areas being examined in the analysis phase

3 - Explain the term critical content4 - List the three elements of a performance objective

5 - Explain the purpose for evaluation instruments

Presented by Professor Michael UttendorferNYIT Center for Teaching and Learning with Technology


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What is Instructional

Systems Design?

A Definition

An instructional systems design (ISD) approach to

the preparation of training can be describedbroadly as the systematicprocess of planning

instructional systems so that the appropriate

resources can be developed, evaluated, andmodified until they demonstrably enable trainees to

attain desired instructional goals and objectives.

(Glenn E. Snelbecker, 1985)


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Processes in the ISD Cycle

Analyze

Design

Develop

Implement

Evaluate

(Dick & Carey, 1996)

Remember:

A.D.D.I.E.


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Phases of the Instructional

System Design

Phase I - Analysis

Needs analysis to identify goals Learner analysis to identify entry level

behaviors

Instructional analysis to identify thecritical content


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Phase I - Analysis

Needs analysis to identify goals Identify course instructional goals

Classify goals into one of four domains:

intellectual skill

verbal information

psychomotor skill attitude

Goals



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Phase I - Analysis

Learner analysis

Identify learner characteristics

Identify entry level behaviorsCan they send anemail with an

attachment?

Welcome to

Distance Ed.


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Phase I - Analysis

Instructional analysis

Conduct subordinate skills analysis Identify the critical content*

Write learning outcomes

*especially important in distance education


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System Design

Phase II - Design

Write performance objectives Develop assessment instruments

Develop instructional strategy

Select appropriate media


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Phase II - Design

Writing performance objectives

The three requirements of a good objective:

1 - Specify conditions

2 - Identify specific behaviors using action verbs

3 - Quantify specific levels of performance

For example:

Using a protractor, the student will measure an angle within 2 degrees

at least 90% of the time.

(Fenrich, 1997)


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Phase II - Design

Develop assessment instruments that:

are based on the actual content

provide true measure of student learning

match the type of behavioral objective


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Phase II - Design

Four components of an instructionalstrategy include:

pre-instructional activities

information presentation

student participation with feedback

follow-through activities



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Phase II - Design

Media selection must be based on:

Nature of the learner

Nature of the learning material

Learning domain

Available resources

(Reynolds & Anderson, 1992)

Nature

of

Content

Information Instruction


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System Design

Phase III - Development

Select instructional materials and/or Develop instructional materials

Select media to deliver instruction


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System Design

Phase IV - Implementation

Implement, test and revise a prototype Make course resources available

Distribute to students


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System Design

Phase V - Evaluation

Conduct formative evaluations Revise instruction as needed

Conduct summative evaluations


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Conduct formative evaluations

Gather data that can be used to makethe instruction more effective usually in

three phases:

one-to-one or clinical evaluation small-group evaluation with target population

field trial with larger group



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Revise instruction as needed

Based on the formative evaluation youmay need to revise and retest the

instructional material


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Conduct summative evaluations

Collect and analyze data to verify theeffectiveness of the instructional

materials with the target population

usually in two phases: Expert judgment phase

Field trial phase



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Remember Its a Cycle

Analyze

Design

Develop

Implement

Evaluate



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References

Dick, W. & Carey, L. (1996). The Systematic Design of Instruction,

Fourth Edition. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company.

Fenrich, P. (1997). Practical Guidelines for Creating Instructional

Multimedia Applications. Orlando, Florida: The Dryden Press.

Reynolds, A. & Anderson, R. (1992). Selecting and Developing Media

for Instruction. New York, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Snelbecker, G.E. (1985).Learning Theory, Instructional Theory andPsychological Design. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.

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