isic2015_full paper - 8 - dhenny yuartha junifta - aji nur afifatul hasna - meirna puspita...

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15thIndonesian Scholars International Convention

London, 3 - 4 October 2015

TRADITIONAL VILLAGES INVOLVEMENT: A REFLECTION OF TRI HITA KARANA

FOR TOURISM STRATEGY IN BALI

DHENNY YUARTHA JUNIFTA

Department of Economics Development

AJI N. AFIFATUL HASNA, !EIRNA ".

"ER!ATASARI

Department of Acco#ntin$

%ra&i'a(a Universit( %ra&i'a(a Universit(

!alan$, !T Har(ono )*+ !alan$, !T Har(ono )*+

INDNESIA

-enn(.(#arta.)/0$mail.com

INDNESIA

a'in#rafifa0$mail.com

meirna.p#spita0$mail.com

ABSTRACT

To#rism -evelopment, in te lon$ term, &ill potentiall( $ive ne$ative impact an- remove local val#es.

In or-er to protect te e1istence of local val#es, %ali partic#larl( possesses tra-itional villa$es

f#nctione- to preserve te e2#alit( of 3o-, #man, an- nat#re as &ell as 4ein$ reflecte- in Tri Hita

Karanaconcept. Tis researc aims to o4serve te pro4lems in s(ner$i5in$ local val#es an- to#rism

-evelopment in %ali. A-optin$ 2#alitative approac, tere &ere primar( an- secon-ar( -ata o4taine-

tro#$ literat#re revie&s. Te res#lt of tis researc so&s tat %ali is still lac6 of tra-itional villa$es

involvement in creatin$ to#rism -evelopment plan. Economical rationalit( remains as te 4asic of all

performe- to#rism -evelopment activities. Hence, Tri Hita Karana concept m#st imme-iatel( 4e

revive- 4( involvin$ tra-itional villa$es in constr#ctin$ s#staina4le to#rism -evelopment strate$(.

Keywords7 To#rism, Tra-itional 8illa$es, Tri Hita Karana

1. INTRODUCTION

As te main to#rism -estination in In-onesia, it is inevita4le for %ali to -eal &it vario#s to#rism

iss#es. Several literat#res a$ree tat to#rism as 4een lar$el( contri4#tin$ to s#pport economic $ro&t

9An-ra5, Nelia, an- Norte, :;)+< =atircio$l#, :;;>< =im, ?en, an- Jan$, :;;*< Lee an- ?an$,

:;;/@ as te catal(st to re-#cin$ povert( an- provi-in$ 4enefits for p#4lic 4( #pscalin$ pro-#ctivit(

an- emplo(ment 9St(li-is an- !atina, :;)< An-ra5, Nelia, an- H#$o, :;)+< Beinali, et.al, :;)+@. It

is visi4le tat te n#m4er of to#rism sector contri4#tion to raisin$ Re$ional 3ross Domestic "ro-#ct

9R3D"@ of %ali &ic is al&a(s a4ove C; from te total amo#nt. Te si$nificant n#m4er is lifte- #p

4( te ten-enc( of te n#m4er of to#rists an- o& te( allocate teir mone( for spen-in$ eac -a(

9%"S, :;)@.

At te oter an-, to#rism also 4rin$s ne$ative infl#ence 9%esc#li-es, !arta, an- "eter :;;:@.Te open an- interactive caracter of to#rism en- #p &it 4oostin$ c#lt#ral assimilations

9S#r&i(anta, :;;C@. To#rism, at first, $ives positive impact to&ar-s econom( an- #plifts te level of

participation of societ(, (et it is not $#arantee- to last for an( lon$er perio-. Te fact is tat to#rism

creates social e1ternalit( &ic apparentl( infl#ences societ( 9"ict#re )@ 9Do1e(, )>*< %#tler )>/;>@. Te interaction patterns #ltimatel( affect te &a( people tin6 an- 4eave so tat it sapes te

sacre-, socialoriente-, an- localval#e4ase- caracters of te %alinese societ(. In te en-, te

armon( of tree elements of Tri Hita Karanaol-s important roles in creatin$ a peacef#l life an- a

p(sical (et spirit#al prosperit(.

Fi$#re :7 Te role of tra-itional villa$es in %ali

/.).*ow Be%des# Ad#$ 0er&e"2e T!e"r Roe "% Dr#+$"%' Re'u#$"o%s #%d Cre#$"%' Sus$#"%#,e

Tour"s( De2eo(e%$ "% B#"

endesa dat is 4asicall( a lea-er of a societ( &o is responsi4le for te preservation of tra-itional

val#es. Te perception of endesa datconcernin$ is role in -raftin$ te re$#lation an- creatin$

to#rism -evelopment plan can 4e seen from te follo&in$ secon-ar( -ata o4taine- 4( previo#s

researcer. He con-#cte- a researc to some sample o#t of ),+C total pop#lation of te most

representative endesa dat. Accor-in$ to Saras intervie& res#lt of is -issertation, tere &ere

appro1imatel( **.* of respon-ents to#$t tat te( &ere not a-e2#atel( involve- in terms of

re$#lation-raftin$ an- to#rismplannin$ process ); (ears a$o. !ean&ile, te percenta$e of

#ninvolve-endesa dats perception elevate- to + five (ears a$o.


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!ni"ta, Hasna, #er$atasari

Fi$#re C7 "erception of endesa dat re$ar-in$ to teir involvement in -raftin$ re$#lations an-

creatin$ to#rism -evelopment plan in %ali

So!rce. Sara, 2014

Te fin-in$ a4ove so&s tat tere is still lac6 of s(ner$( amon$ tra-itional villa$es an-

to#rism -evelopment, &ile in fact, tra-itional villa$es ave 4een 4ein$ important part in societ(. Aste impact of tis con-ition, #nfavora4le conflicts appens in vario#s locations in %ali s#c as lan-

o&nersip -isp#tes, socioc#lt#ral an- investment licensin$ conflict, an- te -e$ra-ation of

environment. In te oter &or-s, te to#rism -evelopment in %ali t#rns o#t to 4e lac6 of

caracteristics.

. DISCUSSION

.1.0ro,e(s Resu$ed Due $o T!e A,s&e%&e o+ Sy%er'y ,e$wee% Tr#d"$"o%# V"#'es #%d

Tour"s( De2eo(e%$ "% B#".

A caracterise- -evelopment in %ali ma( onl( 4e attaine- if teto#rism sector Kas te ma'or

contri4#tor of re$ional economic $ro&t is a4le to &or6 in s(ner$( &it tra-itional villa$e as te$#ar-ian of local val#es an- tra-itional caracters. Eac polic( relate- to to#rism -evelopment is

ma-e 4( te a$reement an- consens#s consists of te $overnment, societ( 9tra-itional villa$e societ(@,

an- investors 9"arson, :;;+@. Te lac6 of s(ner$( 4e&een tose tree parties ma( res#lt in te

removal of te -istinctive caracters of to#rism in %ali. Te follo&in$ list are some conflicts referre-

as te in-icator of te can$in$ circ#mstances s#c as7

). ?ommerciali5ation of sacre- c#lt#re elements s#c as reli$io#s rit#als an- &orsip places

:. Te -e$ra-ation of point of vie& an- te orientation of %alinese societ( from mo-est(, pr#-ence,

an- sanctit( to profitoriente-. Tere ave 4een man( conflicts appene- #n-er tis circ#mstance.

Te re$ional a#torit( of %ali as recor-e- )): attac6s too6 place in tra-itional villa$es.

C. Dissensions a4o#t lan-o&nersip an- investment licensin$

Te a4scence of s(ner$( is initiall( ca#se- 4( te contra-ictor( feat#res of to#rism a$ainst telocal val#es. Tis iss#e is relate- to te concept of to#rism tat is more mo-ern an- international tan

tra-itional local c#lt#re. To#rism is even calle- as $lo4al capitalism 9?apra, :;;@ 4eca#se it is in line

&it te economic rationalit( s#c as $ro&t, e-onism, materialism, in-ivi-#alism, an- te overri-e

of norms. Tose are o4vio#sl( -ifferent &it te local caracteristics &ic ten- to 4e more sacre-,

participationoriente-, p(sical an- spirit#al prosperit(oriente- an- to$eterness an- #sef#lness.


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Fi$#re 7 Te -ifferences amon$ caracteristics of 3lo4al 8al#e an- Local 8al#e

Alon$s &it te contra-ictor( feat#res of 4ot $lo4al val#es an- local val#es, anoter pro4lem

tat ma6es tra-itional villa$es 4ecome less involve- in -raftin$ re$#lations an- creatin$ to#rism

-evelopment plan is tri$$erre- 4( teir o&n internal an- e1ternal factors 9Sara, :;)@. Te

e1planation of te factors are -etaile- as follo&s7

). Internal factor

Tere are t&o main pro4lems, te( are -iver$ent #n-erstan-in$ of localval#es perception an-

to#rism -evelopment. Eac tra-itional villa$e as -ifferent vision an- mission of to#rism-evelopment. Some of tem ass#me tat to#rism -evelopment so#l- f#n-amentall( 4e 4ase- on

te preseverance of local val#es an- c#lt#re, an- te oters ass#me tat te to#rism -evelopment

is onl( aime- to $ain more economical profit. T#s, it is -iffic#lt to #nite tese -ifferent

perspectives. Te $overnment ten ass#mes tat it is not efficient for tra-itional villa$es to $et

involve- in -raftin$ te re$#lation an- te plan of to#rism -evelopment.

:. E1ternal factor

Gile te internal factor as ca#se- some comple1 -iffic#lties, te e1ternal factor, in tis case te

le$islative an- e1ec#tive, someo& ma6e te sit#ation &orse. Te( apparentl( ave lo&

#n-erstan-in$ a4o#t te to#rim -evelopment strate$( an- te importance of tra-itional villa$es

involvement.

Fi$#re +7 Factors tat in-er te s(ner$( 4et&een tra-itional villa$es an- to#rism -evelopment in

%ali.

So!rce. Sara, 2014

.). I("$"o%s $ow#rds C!#r#&$er"sed E&o%o(y #%d Tour"s( De2eo(e%$ S$r#$e'y

To-a(s to#rism -evelopment in %ali is r#n 4ase- on economic rationalit( an- -espite all te

commercial s#ccesses, tere is still lac6 of accommo-ation for tra-itional villa$e as a localval#es

c#sto-ian instit#tion. A co#ntr(, in carr(in$ o#t its o4li$ation on rational f#nction, m#st also perform


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etical f#nction in en$a$in$ all constit#ents to e1perience e2#al mo4ilit( an- pro$ress 9Y#sti6a,

:;;>@. In a--ition, efforts an- strate$( are re2#ire- to 4#il- s(ner$( 4et&een to#rism an- local val#e

arran$ements. Te strate$( proposition involves te reflection of Tri Hita Karana pilosop( to

create a s#staina4le to#rism strate$( for %ali. Te &a( to appl( te Tri Hita Karana in or-er to

revitali5e te tra-itional instit#tion is 4( creatin$ teams consist of7

). Te 3eneral Assem4l( of#a%ra$an8illa$e 93A"8@

An e1istin$ comm#nication for#m amon$ %alinese societ(. 3A"8 &ill later represent local

comm#nit( consi-erin$ its 4etter compreension a4o#t socioc#lt#ral con-ition.

:. 3overnment

Te polic( ma6er at te level of re$#latin$ an- creatin$ to#rism -evelopment plan in %ali

C. ?#lt#ral o4server

An e1pert in socioc#lt#ral o4servation sets to 4e te a-visor of $overnment an- "a6raman

villa$e relate- to te occ#rence of contin#o#s effects of to#rism an- local val#es.

Te en$a$ement of tree parties is e1pecte- to a--ress properl( all s#4'ects re$ar-in$ to te

s(ner$( of to#rism -evelopment an- local val#es. Te main -#t( of te a4ovementione- parties is to

elp copin$ &it to#rism -evelopment pro4lems tat emer$e internall( or e1ternall( s#c as7

). Increasin$ capacit( of %en-esa A-at in terms of econom(, social, c#lt#re, an- or$ani5ation.

?onse2#entl(, te e1pecte- o#tp#t &ill 4e te 4etter min-set of tra-itional villa$e in interpretin$c#lt#re an- -evelopment. In a--ition, te constraint of tra-itional villa$e -iverse- -evelopment

perceptives can 4e solve-.

:. Up$ra-in$ te role of te 3eneral Assem4l( of #a%ra$an 8illa$e 93A"8@ to te level of

re$#lator( an- to#rism -evelopment plannin$ an- ali$nin$ te perspective of le$islative an-

e1ec#tive 4oar- of te re$ion to&ar-s te essence of tra-itional

8illa$e e1istence. In or-er to ma6e tis strate$( &or6, tere m#st 4e an effort to stren$ten te

comm#nication for#m 4et&een te $overnment an- tra-itional villa$es.

C. Investment mappin$ performe- 4( c#lt#ral o4server an- te 3eneral Assem4l( of #a%ra$an

8illa$e 93A"8@. As so&n in te c#rrent con-ition, investment is te prominent instr#ment to

4oost #p to#rism -evelopment in %ali. Noneteless, te c#rrent #n-erta6en investments still foc#s

on te $ro&t aspect. nl( a fe& of tem -eli4eratel( ta6e c#lt#ral aspects into acco#nt.

Terefore, investment mappin$ 4( c#lt#ral o4server an- 3A"8 is #r$entl( re2#ire- toaccommo-ate 4ot economic an- c#lt#ral interests. In tis case, c#lt#ral o4server an- tra-itional

villa$e representatives o#$t to con-#ct a st#-( a4o#t pro$ro&t an- proc#lt#re investments as

&ell as te effects te com4ination ma( carr( o#t &it. Te res#lt of te st#-( &ill 4e te

recommen-ation for te $overnment to -eci-e an incl#sive investment polic(.

Fi$#re *7 Strate$( recommen-ation to perform caracterise- an- s#staina4le to#rism -evelopment


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Te implementation of te propose- to#rism -evelopment strate$( can $ive positive impacts,

especiall( in t&o matters. First, te s(ner$( 4et&een tra-itional villa$es, $overnment, an- investors

9to#rism in-#str(@ as te controller of c#lt#ral an- economic -istri4#tion. Te $overnment an- societ(

&ill cooperate to s#pervise te investments an- 6eep tem ali$ne- &it local val#es. For economic

-istri4#tion p#rpose, investors are o4li$e- to $ive 4enefits to te rate of emplo(ment an- Small an-

!e-i#m Enterprises 9S!Es@. Ne1t, accomo-atin$ economic interests an- local val#e implications is

te positive impact contri4#te- 4( te s(ner$( 4et&een local societ(, $overnment,an- te investors.

Fi$#re 7 Te effect of s#staina4le to#rism strate$( implementation to&ar-s te s(ner$( of societ(,

$overnment, an- investors.

Te secon- impact namel( to increase te empo&erment of te comm#nit(. Implementation

of caracterise- -evelopment strate$( enco#ra$es all components of societ(, $overnment, an-

investors to acieve 4etter learnin$, monitorin$, an- improvements. All components &ill 4e ena4le-

to -emonstrate critical 4eavio#r in -ealin$ &it can$es. S#c con-ition ma( later tri$$er te

enancement in or$ani5ational $overnance, capacit( an- more resilient local $eni#ses.

Fi$#re /7 Te impact of caracterise- -evlopment strate$( implementation to&ar- societ(

empo&erment

So!rce. / Siani)ar, etal, di$odi"i%asi, 2013

3. CONCLUSIONS

To#rism &it all its open an- interactive caraceristics as asserte- te ris6 of conflicts an- local

val#es siftin$ in %ali. In or-er to solve te pro4lems, %ali re2#ires a ne& 4etter strate$(. Te term of

strate$( ere is meant &it caracterise- -evelopment strate$(, a com4ination of to#rism

-evelopment an- tra-itional villa$es or #a%ra$aninvolvement as te local val#e maintainer. As a


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&a( to implement te strate$(, tra-itional villa$es m#st 4e involve- in re$#lator( level an- to#rism

-evelopment plannin$ activities.

As te 4asis of $overnmental implementation, te tra-itional villa$es, is &ell a&are of te

concept of Tri Hita Karanaor tree ca#ses of &elfare &ic can 4e ac6no&le-e$e- 4( 6eepin$ te

e2#alit( of "ara(an$an 93o-@, "a&on$an 9#man@, an- "alemaan 9nat#re@. Tra-itional villa$es

4ecome important in %ali since teir e1istence are aime- to create sacre-, participative, social

oriente-, an- p(sicall( (et sprit#all( prospero#s as te main caracteristics of %alinese societ(. Te

implication of te caracteristics &ill res#lt in S!%erta'a$a9a state of a peacef#l life as te o#tcome

of reli$io#s practices@ an- Tata Tentra$ Kertarahar*a9a peacef#l an- prospero#s societ(@ in %ali.

Neverteless, in -ail( practices, tra-itional villa$es are often not 4ein$ involve- in -raftin$

te to#rism re$#lation or creatin$ to#rism -evelopment plan. T&o factors are 4elieve- to 4e te ca#se

of tis circ#mstance. Te first is te contra-ictor( feat#res of to#rism a$ainst local val#es an- te

secon- is certain internal an- e1ternal intricacies &itin te tra-itional villa$es. Referrin$ to te

pro4lems, te most appropriate strate$( 4ein$ recommen-e- to attain caracterise- to#rism

-evelopment is to revitali5e te role of tra-itional villa$es in %ali. An instit#tion consists of te

3eneral Assem4l( of#a%ra$an8illa$e 93A"8@, $overnment, an- investors &ill elp restorin$ te

role of tra-itional villa$es.

Te last 4#t not least, tere are positive implications &ic are -escri4e- 4( tree points.First, te implication from caracterise- -evelopment strate$( implementation s#c as7 9)@ te

s(ner$( of societ(, $overnment, an- to#rism in-#str( to control te c#lt#ral an- economic

-istri4#tion< an- 9:@ te impact of te increase of societ( empo&erment. Secon-, tis researc can 4e

#se- 4( te $overnment as te f#n-amental men# of te s#staina4le to#rism polic( preparation in

%ali. Tir-, te 4enefit in terms of science is propose- 4( provi-in$ $reater insi$ts a4o#t te

e1istence of c#lt#re in to#rism -evelopment an- its importance. Tere ave 4een a lot of researces

&ic concern &it to#rism -evelopment recentl(, (et not all of tem clearl( o4serve te

contra-ictor( feat#res of to#rism a$ainst te local val#es. Te researcers tat notice to#rism onl(

from te economical rationalit( &ill res#lt in profitoriente- polic( &ic act#all( treaten te local

val#es. T#s, it 4ecomes important for 4ot aca-emician an- polic( ma6er to see to#rism

-evelopment from &i-er point of vie&.

ACKNO4LEDGEMENTS

Te a#tors &o#l- li6e to $ive sincere tan6s to all people &o $enero#sl( contri4#te- to te &or6

presente- in tis paper. Special mention $oes to !rs. 8ir$inia N#r Ramanti, SE., !SA, not onl( for

er tremen-o#s aca-emic s#pport, 4#t also for $ivin$ #s a-vise an- s#$$estion. Similarl(, profo#n-

$ratit#-e $oes to I !a-e Sara &o $ives #s opport#nit( to 'oin te researc -isertation tat inspires #s

to &rite tis paper. Anoter special mention $oes to Salsa4ila Sasmi for all er elps. F"%#y5 ,u$ ,y

%o (e#%s e#s$5 $!#%6s 'o $o A#! S4T #%d our +#("y +or # &o%$"%uous suor$.

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9C@, pp :>CC;;

isic2015_full paper - 8 - dhenny yuartha junifta - aji nur afifatul hasna - meirna puspita...

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