isilh dksyk&dksdk dksyk dk lp liuksa ds lksnkxj · 2003 dks ljdkj }kjk isilh&dksdk dksyk dh...
TRANSCRIPT
isIlh dksyk&dksdk dksyk dk lp
liuksa ds lkSnkxj 1
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ys[kd dh vksj ls
isIlh&dksyk vkSj dksdk&dksyk ds BaMs mRiknksa ds f[kykQ vktknh cpkvks vkanksyu dkQh yEcs le; ls
iwjs ns”k esa tu&tkx`fr dk vfHk;ku pyk jgk gSA vkanksyu ds dk;ZdrkZ xk¡o&xk¡o vkSj “kgj&”kgj esa tkdj bu BaMs is;ksaa ls gksus okys “kkjhfjd uqdlkuksa ds ckjs esa yksxksa dks crkrs jgrs gSaA blds lkFk&lkFk
Ldwy&dkystksa esa tkdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls Hkh bl lEcU/k esa ckras djrs jgrs gaSA bu lcdk izfrlkn dkQh
vPNk fudyrk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks fo|kFkhZ vklkuh ls le> ysrs gaS fd bu BaMs is;ksa ls fdruk [krjk
gksrk gSA ysfdu dHkh&dHkh lc dqN le>us ds ckn Hkh fo|kFkhZ bu ckrksa dks Lohdkj ugha djrsA
tc vkanksyu bu lokyksa dks yksxksa ds chp esa mBkrk Fkk rc yksx bldks xEHkhjrk ls ugha ysrs Fks ysfdu fiNys fnuksa fnYyh dh laLFkk ^lasVj QkWj lkbUl ,UM ,UokW;jesUV^ us tc “khry is;ksa esa [krjukd jklk;fud inkFkksZa dh feykoV dh iqf"V dh rks iwjs ns”k ds lkeus bu BaMs is;ksa dh vlfy;r
BaMs is; feyuk can gks x;sA BaMs is;ksa esa [krjukd jklk;fud inkFkksZa dh feykoV dks ysdj “kjn iokj dh v/;{krk esa ,d la;qä lalnh; lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k ftldh fjiksVZ vHkh gky esa ljdkj ds
lkeus j[kh x;h gSA bl fjiksVZ esa lfefr us ljdkj ls ek¡x dh gS fd og bu BaMs is;ksa ds ckjs esa
xEHkhjrk ls lksps vkSj yksxksa ds LokLF; ds lkFk f[kykoM+ uk djsA ysfdu gekjh ljdkjs va/kh vkSj fcdkÅ gSaA bruk lc gksus ds ckn Hkh uk rks ljdkj us
isIlh&dksyk vkSj dksdk&dksyk ds foKkiuksa ij jksd yxkbZ gS vkSj uk gh muds f[kykQ dksbZ dne mBk;k gSA blls ;g lkQ irk pyrk gS fd gekjh ljdkjsa bu dEifu;ksa ds lkeus fdruh ckSuh gSaA tc ls lfefr dh ;g fjiksVZ lkeus vkbZ gS rc ls esjs eu esa blds f[kykQ dqN uk dqN fy[kus dk fopkj vkrk jgk gSA vkanksyu dh Hkh ;g bPNk jgh gS fd bu dEifu;ksa dh vlfy;r yksxksa ds lkeus vk,A vkanksyu ds ofj"B lkFkh Jh jktho HkkbZ vkSj vU; dk;ZdrkZvksa ds lg;ksx ls ;g iqfLrdk fudyuk
laHko gqbZA bl iqfLrdk dks cukus esa jktsUnz nkjk dh fdrkc ^n fj;y isIlh n fj;y LVksjh^ us dkQh enn dh gSA vU; fjiksVksZa ls Hkh dkQh enn yh xbZ gSA
vk”kk gS ikBdksa dks ;g fdrkc t:j ialn vk,xh vkSj ftl mn~ns”; ds fy, ;g fdrkc fy[kh xbZ gS og mn~ns”; t:j iwjk gksxkA
fouhr vxzoky] t;k vxzoky ¼vgenkckn½
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izLrkouk
5 vxLr 2003 dks Hkkjr ds lHkh Vh- oh- pSuyksa ,oa lekpkj i=ksa esa isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk
ds ckjs esa ,d Hk;adj lR; mn~?kkfVr gqvkA fnYyh dh ,d oSKkfud laLFkk ßlsUVj Qkj lk;ul ,.M
,uok;jesaUVß dh ,d [kksth jiV esa crk;k x;k fd isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds lHkh BaMs is;kasa esa vR;Ur
tgjhys ,oa [krjukd dhVuk”kd jlk;u feys gq;s gSaA miZ;qDr laLFkk dh iz;ksx”kkyk esa isIlh ,oa
dksdk&dksyk ds 12 uewuksa dh tkap dh x;hA blesa ik;k x;k fd bu lHkh uewukas esa cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa
jklk;fud dhVuk”kd tSls Dyksjksik;jhQkl] eSykfFk;ku] Mh- Mh- Vh-] fyUMsu vkfn feys gq;s gSaA ;s lHkh
dhVuk”kd “kjhj ds fy;s vR;Ur gh gkfudkjd gksrs gSaA bu dhVuk”kdksa dk “kjhj ds LokLFk; ij cgqr
gh [kjkc vlj gksrk gSA bu dhVuk”kdksa dk yhoj] fdMuh] “kjhj ds izfrjks/kd ra=] iztuu ra=] raf=dk
ra=] “olu ra= vkfn ij cgqr cqjk vlj gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fyUMsu uked dhVuk”kd ls “kjhj
esa dSUlj gksrk gS rFkk “kjhj dh lHkh xafFk;ksa dkss Hkkjh uqdlku igq¡prk gSA fyUMsu dhVuk”kd dh 40
feyhxzke ek=k fdlh Hkh efgyk ;k iq#’k dh iztuu {kerk dks lekIr dj nsrh gSA bl fyUMsu ls yhoj
dk dSUlj rFkk fdMuh dk dSUlj Hkh gksrk gSA “kjhj ds ân; dks jDr nsus okyh ufy;ksa dks Hkh fyUMsu
{kfrxzLr dj nsrk gSA blh rjg Mh- Mh- Vh- uke dk jklk;fud dhVuk”kd iq#’kksa ds oh;Z esa “kqØk.kqvksa
dh la[;k dks cgqr de dj nsrk gS rFkk L=h;ksa esa o{k dSUlj dks iSnk djrk gSA Dyksjksik;jhQkWl
ukedk tgjhyk dhVuk”kd euq’; ds raf=dk ra= dks u’V dj ldrk gS rFkk fnekxh fodkl dks jksd
nsrk gSA bl tgjhys dhVuk”kd ls euq’; “kjhj esa ekalisf”k;k¡ vR;Ur detksj gks tkrh gSA eSykfFk;ku
uke ds jklk;fud tgj ls tUetkr “kkjhfjd fodykaxrk vkrh gS rFkk “kjhj ds fdlh Hkh fgLls esa
i{kk?kkr gks ldrk gSA 6 vxLr 2003 dks bl fo’k; ij yksdlHkk esa dkQh gaxkek gqvkA yksdlHkk ds
vusd lnL;ksa us ljdkj ls ekax dh fd bl fo’k; ij Li’Vhdj.k ns vkSj iwjs ns”k dks crk;s fd lp D;k
gS\
ljdkj dh vksj ls tokc nsrs gq;s LokLFk; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=h lq’kek LojkT; us yksdlHkk esa
dgk fd tYnh gh ljdkj bl fo’k; ij tkap djk;sxhA blh rjg 21 vxLr 2003 dks jkT;lHkk esa Hkh
cgl gq;hA ogka Hkh eU=h egksn;k us blh rjg dk vk”oklu fn;kA vUr esa yksdlHkk v/;{k ds funsZ”k
ij la;qDr lalnh; lfefr x+Bu djus dk QSlyk fd;k x;kA ;g la;qDr lalnh; lfefr isIlh&dksd esa
feys gq;s dhVuk”kd jlk;uksa dh tkap djus ds fy;s cukus dk r; fd;k x;kA bl rjg 22 vxLr
2003 dks ljdkj }kjk isIlh&dksdk dksyk dh tkap ds fy;s la;qDr lalnh; lfefr ds xBu dh
vf/klwpuk tkjh dh x;hA bl lalnh; lfefr esa 10 lkaln yksdlHkk ls ,oa 5 lkaln jkT;lHkk ls fy;s
x;sA lfefr dk v/;{k “kjn iokj dks cuk;k x;kA lfefr esa yksdlHkk ls vuar dqekj] Mk- lq/kk ;kno]
jes”k psUuhFkyk] vorkj flag HkM+kuk] ds-;sjUuuk;Mq] bZ- vgen] jathr dqekj ikatk] vf[kys”k ;kno vkSj
vkfuy clq dks fy;k x;kA blh rjg lfefr esa jkT;lHkk ls ,l- ,l- vgywokfy;k] i`Fohjkt pOgk.k]
lat; fu:ie] izsepUn xqIrk] iz”kkar pVZth dks fy;k x;kA lfefr dks ;g tkap djus dh ftEesnkjh nh
x;h fd isIlh dksdk&dksyk ds tks Hkh czkaM Hkkjr esa fcd jgs gSa muesa jklk;fud dhVuk”kd gSa ;k ugha\
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP lkFk gh lkFk lfefr dks ;g Hkh ftEesnkjh nh x;h fd og ljdkj dks BaMs is;ksa dh xq.koRrk cuk;s j[kus
ds fy;s Hkh lq>ko nsA bl lfefr ds fy;s Mk- ,l- ds- [kUuk] Mk- ,u- ih- vfXugks=h] Mk- th- R;kxjktu
dks fo”ks’kK ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;kA bl lfefr us 4 Qjojh 2004 dks viuh fjiksVZ laLkn ds
lkeus is”k dhA bl fjiksVZ dks cukus esa la;qDr lalnh; lfefr ds lkeus dbZ ea=ky; is”k gq;sA ns”k ds dbZ
fo”ks’kK ,oa laLFkkvksa dh vksj ls Hkh lfefr dks dkQh tkudkfj;ka nh x;haA
lsUVj Qkj lk;Ul ,.M ,uok;jesUV }kjk ebZ 2003 esa isIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk ds lHkh czkaMksa dh
tkap dh x;hA ftleas ik;k x;k fd ;wjksih; ekudksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; isIlh ,oa dksd esa 21 xquk
vf/kd fyUMsu ¼[krjukd jklk;fud dhVuk”kd½] 42 xquk vf/kd Mh- Mh- Vh-] 72 xquk vf/kd
Dyksjksik;jhQkWl] 196 xquk vf/kd eSykfFk;ku mifLFkr gSA lh- ,l- bZ- laLFkk dh iz;ksx”kkyk esa vesfjdk
ls yk;s gq;s isIlh ,oa dksdkdksyk ds lHkh czkUM+ksa dh Hkh tkap dh x;hA ysfdu bu vejhdh uewuksa es
dqN Hkh jklk;fud dhVuk”kd ugha ik;s x;sA
lh- ,l- bZ- dh fjiksVZ ds ckn Hkkjr ljdkj us vU; ljdkjh iz;ksx”kkykvksa dks Hkh isIlh ,oa dksdk
dksyk dh tkap ds fy;s dgkA eSlwj dh izfl) iz;ksx”kkyk lsUVªy QwM VsDuksyksth fjlpZ bULVhL;wV vkSj
dydRrk dh iz;ksx”kkyk lsUVªy QwM yscksjsVjh us Hkh isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk ds uewuksa dh tkap dhA
lh-,Q- Vh- vkj- vkbZ-¼eSlwj½ dh fjiksVZ esa Hkh crk;k x;k fd isIlh ,oa dksdkdksyk ds uewuksa esa
Dyksjksik;jhQkWl] eSykfFk;ku] Mh- Mh- Vh- ,oa fyUMsu tSls [krjukd dhVuk”kd jlk;u ekStwn gSaA blh
rjg dydRrk dh iz;ksx”kkyk lsUVªy QwM yscksjsVjh }kjk dh x;h tkap esa Hkh ;g ik;k x;k fd isIlh
,oa dksdk dksyk esa jklk;fud dhVuk”kd mifLFkr gSaA fnYyh ds dsUnzh; iznw’k.k fu;a=.k cksMZ dh
iz;ksx”kkyk esa Hkh isIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk ds uewuksa dh tkap dh x;hA blesa Hkh ik;k x;k fd isIlh ,oa
dksdk dksyk esa jklk;fud dhVuk”kd eSykfFk;ku] Mh- Mh- Vh-] fyUMsu rFkk Dyksjksik;jh QkWl ekStwn gSaA
blh rjg dsjy ljdkj us Hkh caxykSj ds Jhjke vkS|ksfxd “kks/k dsUnz esa isIlh&dksd dh tkap djk;h]
mlesa Hkh ik;k x;k fd isIlh&dksd esa jklk;fud dhVuk”kd gSaA mM+hlk ljdkj us tkap djk;h vkSj
mlesa Hkh dhVuk”kd isIlh&dksd esa feys ik;s x;sA ftruh Hkh iz;ksx”kkykvksa esa isIlh&dksd ds ckjs esa
tkap dh x;h] os lHkh iz;ksx”kkyk;sa vR;Ur gh izfrf’Br gS vkSj vUrjjk’Vªh; Lrj dh ekuh tkrh gSaA
yxHkx 6 ekg dh tkap&ij[k vkSj nLrkosth lcwrksa dk v/;;u] fo”ys’k.k djus ds ckn la;qDr
lalnh; lfefr us viuh tkap jiV laln ds lkeus ,oa ns”k ds lkeus izLrqr dhA bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj
ßisIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk ds lHkh czkUM+ksa esa [krjukd jklk;fud dhVuk”kd eSykfFk;ku] Mh- Mh- Vh-] fyUMsu
,oa Dyksjksik;jhQkWl] ;wjksih; ekun.M+ksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa gSaAß la;qDr lalnh; lfefr dk
;g fu’d’kZ mu lHkh iz;ksx”kkykvksa dh fjiksVZ ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftuesa isIlh&dksd ds uewuksa dh tkap dh
x;h FkhA
lalnh; lfefr ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj BaMs is;kas dk iwjh nqfu;k esa izfr O;fDr izfro’kZ miHkksx 67-5
yhVj gSA lu~ 2001 esa iwjh nqfu;k esa 412 vjc yhVj BaMs is;ksa ¼lk¶V fMªaDl½ dh fcØh gq;hA mRrjh
vejhdk esa lcls vf/kd lk¶V fMªaDl ¼BaMs is;½ dh fcØh gksrh gSA nqfu;k esa tks dqy BaMk is; fcdrk gS]
mldk 27 % vdsys mRrjh vejhdk ¼la;qDr jkT; vejhdk½ esa fcdrk gSA vejhdk esa izfro’kZ izfr O;fDr
lk¶V fMªaDl dh [kir 192 yhVj gSA fQj mlds ckn ;wjksi dk LFkku vkrk gS tgka nqfu;k dh 21%
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP lk¶V fMªaDl ¼BaMs is;½ fcdrs gSaA ;wjksi esa izfr O;fDr izfro’kZ BaMs is;ksa dk miHkksx 50-8 yhVj gSA vc
mnkjhdj.k dh gok esa BaMs is;ksa dk cktkj ,f”k;k ,oa iwohZ ;wjksi esa Hkh c<+rk tk jgk gSA vejhdh
dEifu;ksa isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk us mnkjhdj.k dk Hkjiwj Qk;nk mBkrs gq;s ,f”k;k ds dbZ ns”kksa esa RkFkk
vjc ds dbZ ns”kksa esa Hkh cktkj cuk;k gSA vkt ds le; esa ekuk tkrk gS fd ,f”k;k ds ns”kksa rFkk vjc
ns”kksa esa BaMs is;ksa dk cktkj lcls vf/kd rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA ,f”k;k esa ftu ns”kksa esa isIlh&dksd dk
cktkj rsth ls c<+k gS os gSa& ikfdLrku] fo;ruke] Hkkjr ,oa bUMksusf”k;kA Hkkjr ljdkj ds vk¡dM+ksa ds
vuqlkj lu~ 2001 esa 654 djksM+ cksrya BaMs is;ksa dh fcdhaA Hkkjr esa izfr O;fDr [kir ds vuqlkj BaMs
is; dk miHkksx nqfu;k esa lcls de gSA Hkkjr esa izfr O;fDr izfr o’kZ vkSlru 6 cksryksa dh [kir gksrh
gSA FkkbyS.M ns”k esa izfr O;fDr izfro’kZ 80 cksryksa dh [kir gksrh gSA vejhdk esa BaMs is;ksa dh 800
cksryksa dh [kir izfr O;fDr izfr o’kZ gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa fnYyh “kgj esa lcls vf/kd BaMs is;ksa dh fcØh
gksrh gSA fnYyh jgus okys yksxksa ds fglkc ls izfr O;fDr izfro’kZ fnYyh esa 50 cksryksa dh [kir BaMs is;ksa
dh gksrh gSA
la;qDr lalnh; lfefr ds lkeus izLrqr fd;s x;s nLrkostksa ds vk/kkj ij lk¶V fMªaDl esa feyk;s
tkus okys jklk;fud inkFkksZa dk fooj.k bl izdkj gS & lk¶V fMªDal cukus esa ikuh dk iz;ksx lcls
vf/kd gksrk gSA yxHkx 86% ls 92% rd ikuh lk¶V fMªaDl esa gksrk gSA bl ikuh esa ehBkiu ykus ds
fy;s ,LijVse uke dk jlk;u feyk;k tkrk gSA ;g lSØhu ls Hkh vf/kd ehBk gksrk gSA ,LijVse] lSØhu
ls 200 xquk vf/kd ehBk gksrk gSA lk¶V fMªaDl cukus esa dSQhu uke dk jklk;fud inkFkZ Hkh feyk;k
tkrk gSA blh dSQhu ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ckj&ckj BaMk is; ihus dh yr yx tkrh gSA lk¶V
fMaªDl esa dkcZu MkbZ vkDlkbM xSl Hkh feykbZ tkrh gSA bl xSl dks feykus dk eq[; dkj.k mu lw{e
thok.kqvksa dks lk¶V fMaªDl esa iuius ls jksduk tks lk¶V fMªaDl esa iSnk gks ldrs gSa] D;ksafd lk¶V fMaªDl
esa ehBkiu gksrk gSA lk¶V fMaªDl esa dqN ,flM ¼vEy½ Hkh feyk;s tkrs gS tSls& QkLQksfjd ,sflM]
flfVªd ,sflM] eSfyd ,sflM vkfnA bu ,sflM+ksa dk dk;Z lk¶V fMªDal ds ehBsiu dk larqyu cukus dk
T;knk gksrk gSA bu lk¶V fMªaDl esa jax iSnk djus okys dqN jlk;u Hkh feyk;s tkrs gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy;s
dSjkesy dks feykus ij BaMs is;ksa dk jax xgjk yky&Hkwjk gks tkrk gSA bu BaMs is;ksa esa iksVsf”k;e lkWjosV
RkFkk lksfM;e csUtks,sV tSls jlk;u Hkh feyk;s tkrs gSaA bu jlk;uksa dks ifjj{kd (Preservatives) ds :i
esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lk¶V fMªaDl esa isfDVu uke dk jlk;u Hkh feyk;k tkrk gSA bl jlk;u dk dke
BaMs is;ksa dh lkUnzrk c<+kus esa gksrk gSA
Hkkjr ns”k esa BaMs is;ksa dks cukus ,oa cspus ds fy;s ,d dkuwu gS] ftls vko”;d oLrq vf/kfu;e
1955 ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA bl vf/kfu;e ds vk/kkj ij ,Q- ih- vks- (Fruit Product Order) 1955 esa tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA blh vk/kkj ij dEifu;ksa dks BaMs is; cukus ,oa cspus dk ykblsUl fn;k tkrk
gSA ysfdu bl dkuwu esa ,slh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij BaMs is;ksa esa iz;ksx gksus okys ikuh
dh xq.koRrk dk dksbZ ekud r; fd;k tk ldsA Hkkjr dh vktknh ds 58 lky chr tkus ds ckn Hkh
ljdkj us ihus ds ikuh dh mPp xq.koRrk dk dksbZ ekud r; gh ugha fd;kA blh dk Qk;nk mBkrs gq;s
isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk tSlh fons”kh dEifu;k¡ cgqr gh ?kfV;k ,oa jklk;fud dhVuk”kdksa ls feyk gqvk
ikuh BaMs is; cukus esa xr 14 o’kksZa ls bLrseky djrh jgha gSaA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP lalnh; lfefr ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa dksdk&dksyk ds 52 dkj[kkus gSa] ftuesa ls 27 dkj[kkus
dksdk&dksyk dEiuh ds gSa rFkk ckdh 25 dkj[kkus vU; nwljh Hkkjrh; dEifu;ksa ds gSa] ysfdu buesa
mRiknu iwjk dksdk&dksyk dEiuh ds fy;s gh gksrk gSA blh rjg isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds iwjs Hkkjr esa
38 dkj[kkus gSa ftuesa ls 17 dkj[kkus dEiuh ds Lo;a ds gSa ,oa 21 dkj[kkus vU; nwljh Hkkjrh; dEifu;ksa
ds ga] ftuesa isIlh&dksyk ds fy;s mRiknu gksrk gSA isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa }kjk lalnh; lfefr dks nh x;h
tkudkjh ds vuqlkj isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds BaMs is;ksa dh ,d lky dh dqy fcØh 4000 djksM+ :i;s dh gSA
Hkkjr ns”k esa ikuh dh mPp xq.koRrk ds dksbZ ekud fu/kkZfjr ugha gksus ds dkj.k la;qDr lalnh;
lfefr us ekuk fd bl fn”kk esa tYnh gh dkuwu cukus dh t:jr gSA ftlds vk/kkj ij ikuh dh
xq.koRrk dks r; fd;k tk ldsA lfefr ds vuqlkj ikuh dh xq.koRrk dk bl rjg fu/kkZj.k djuk pkfg, fd
ikuh esa fdlh Hkh fdLe ds jklk;fud dhVuk”kd ugha gksaA dksbZ Hkh BaMk is; cuus ds ckn gh tkap fd;k
tkuk pkfg, fd og “kjhj ds fy;s lqjf{kr gS ;k ugha\ vFkkZr ikuh ds iz;ksx ls cuus okys vfUre mRikn
dh gh xq.koRrk dks tkap dk vk/kkj cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A
tc la;qDr lalnh; lfefr ds lkeus isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa ds vf/kdkjh izLrqr
gq;s rks muls dbZ iz”u fd;s x;sA lfefr dh vksj ls ,d egRoiw.kZ iz”u ;g fd;k x;k fd ßD;k BaMs
is;kas esa bLrseky fd;s tkus okyh “kqxj dh xq.koRrk dh tkap dh tkrh gSß\ rks bl iz”u ds mRrj esa
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk nksauksa gh dEifu;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us tokc fn;k ßge BaMs is;ksa esa feyk;h
tkus okyh “kqxj dh tkap ugha djrs gSa] D;ksafd gekjh ,slh ijEijk ugha gSßA lalnh; lfefr ds lkeus
izLrqr gq;s] cksry can ikuh cukus vkSj cspus okys la?k ds v/;{k ds vuqlkj ßBaMs is;ksa esa bLrseky gksus
okys ikuh dks cgqr vklkuh ls “kq) cuk;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s Hkkjr esa dbZ rduhdsa miyC/k gSaA
bl ikuh dks “kq) cukus ds fy;s izfr yhVj ek= 2 ls 4 iSls dk gh [kpkZ vkrk gSAß bl dFku ls Li’V
gS fd ikuh dks BaMs is;ksa esa bLrseky gksus ls iwoZ iw.kZ “kq) cukus ds fy;s ek= 2 ls 4 iSls izfr yhVj dk
[kpkZ vkrk gS vkSj blds fy;s rduhd Hkh vklkuh ls miyC/k gSA ysfdu fQj Hkh isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk
tSlh fons”kh dEifu;k¡ ikuh dks fcuk “kq) cuk;s gh ?kfV;k ,oa jklk;fud dhVuk”kd feys gq;s ikuh dks
gh bLrseky djrh gSaA la;qDr lalnh; lfefr ds lkeus isIlh&dksd ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us jklk;fud
dhVuk”kd feys gq;s ikuh ds bLrseky ds ckjs esa cksyrs gq;s dgk fd ßnqfu;k ds vf/kdka”k ns”kksa esa ihus
okys ikuh dk gh iz;ksx BaMs is; cukus esa ;s dEifu;k¡ djrh gSaA ysfdu vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa ikuh dh
“kq)rk dk vf/kd /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA blfy;s vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa BaMs is; cukus ds igys ikuh dks
jklk;fud dhVuk”kdksa ls eqDr cukdj gh bLrsseky fd;k tkrk gSA vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa ikuh dh
xq.koRrk ds ekud cgqr gh Å¡ps ,oa dM+s gksrs gSaAß blls Li’V gS fd ;wjksi ,oa vejhdk dks NksM+dj
nqfu;k ds reke nwljs ns”kksa esa isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;k¡ tks ikuh dk bLrseky djrha gS og ikuh
mPp xq.koRrk dk ugha gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ vejhdk&;wjksi dks NksM+dj nqfu;k ds lHkh ns”kksa esa isIlh&dksd ds BaMs
is;ksa esa jklk;fud dhVuk”kd feys gq;s ikuh dk gh bLrseky gksrk gSA bl feykoVh vkSj tgjhys ikuh ds
bLrseky djus ds ekeys ij isIlh&dksd dEiuh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk dguk gS fd ßge BaMs is;ksa esa bLrseky
gksus okys ikuh dh mPp xq.koRrk dh dksbZ xkjaVh ugha ys ldrs gSaAß
lkekU; :i ls BaMs is; dh ,d cksry cukdj cspus esa 10 yhVj ikuh dk [kpkZ vkrk gSA gkykafd
cksry esa ek= 300 feyh gh BaMk is; gksrk gSA ckdh ikuh cksry dks /kksus ess rFkk vU; e”khujh iz;ksx esa
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP [kpZ gksrk gSA Hkkjr ns”k esa lky esa yxHkx 600 djksM+ ls 700 djksM+ cksry izfro’kZ BaMs is;ksa dh fcdrh
gSaA ftu ij iwjh rjg ls vejhdh dEifu;ksa isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk dk ,dkf/kdkj gSA vFkkZr~
Hkkjr esa izfro’kZ 6000 djksM+ yhVj ls 7000 djksM+ yhVj ikuh izfro’kZ bu dksyk dEifu;ksa ds }kjk
bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA tc la;qDr lalnh; lfefr us bl ikuh ds iz;ksx ij Hkkjr ljdkj dh laLFkk
dsUnzh; HkwxHkZ ty fu;ked ¼lsUVªy xzkmUM okVj ,FkkWfjVh½ dks ryc fd;k rks ,d vk”p;Ztud
tkudkjh feyhA bl laLFkk ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks tc iwNk x;k fd ßD;k ljdkj] bu dksyk dEifu;ksa ls
HkwxHkZty ds bLrseky dk dksbZ “kqYd ysrh gS\rks vf/kdkfj;ksa us dgk fdß gekjh tkudkjh essa ljdkj ,slk
dksbZ “kqYd ikuh ds fy;s bu dksyk dEifu;ksa ls ugha ysrh gSßA fdruh gSjkuh dh ckr gS fd isIlh dksyk
,oa dksdk dksyk tSlh fons”kh dEifu;k¡ Hkkjr ds cs”kdherh HkwxHkZty dk bLrseky djds gtkjksa djksM+
:i;s dek jgha gSa vkSj gekjh ljdkj bl ikuh ij dEifu;ksa ls dksbZ “kqYd Hkh ugha ys jgh gSA ,d vksj
Hkkjr ns”k ds 2 yk[k ls vf/kd xk¡o ihus ds ikuh ls oafpr gSa] nwljh vkSj isIlh dksyk vkSj dksdk dksyk
tSlh dEifu;k¡ gj lky gtkjksa djksM+ yhVj ikuh dh cjcknh esa yxh gq;h gaA ftl ikuh ls Hkkjr ds
yk[kksa yksxksa ,oa i”kqvksa dks viuh I;kl cq>kus dk bartke gks ldrk gS] ogh cs”kdherh ikuh tehu ls
nksgu djds BaMs is;ksa esa cjckn fd;k tk jgk gSA o’kkZ ty dh cwan&canw tc /kjrh esa mrjrh gS rks
gtkjksa yk[kksa o’kksZa esa HkwxHkZ ty lafpr gksrk gSA bl HkwxHkZty ij igyk vkf/kdkj mu djksM+ksa Hkkjr
okfl;ksa ,oa i”kqvksa dk gS ftUgsa viuh I;kl cq>kus ds fy;s bl ty dh t:jr gSA fQj nwljk vf/kdkj
mu djksM+ksa fdlkuksa dk gS tks ns”k ds yksxksa dk isV Hkjus ds fy;s bl ty dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA rhljk
vf/kdkj ;fn gks ldrk gS rks mu m|ksxksa dk gS tks gekjs thou ds fy;s vR;Ur t:jh ,oa mi;ksxh
oLrqvksa dk mRiknu djrs gSaA BaMs is; cukuk rks dksbZ t:jh m|ksx ugha gSA bu BaMs is;ksa ds fcuk Hkh
gekjk thou vPNs ls pyrk jgk gS] vkxs Hkh pyrk jgsxkA blfy;s BaMs is;ksa ds uke ij isIlh ,oa dksdk
dksyk tSlh dEifu;ksa }kjk cjckn fd;s tk jgs Hkkjr ds cs”kdherh HkwxHkZ ty dks cpkus dh vR;Ur
t:jr gSA ftl ns”k ds vf/kdka”k Hkkxksa esa vkSlru gj lky lw[kk iM+rk gks] ftl ns”k ds yk[kksa xk¡o ,oa
djksM+ksa euq’;] i”kq] i{kh ihus ds ikuh dks rjlrs gksa ogka gj lky BaMs is;ksa ds uke ij gtkjksa djksM+
yhVj ikuh dks cjckn djuk ,d jk’Vªh; vijk/k gSA
la;qDr lalnh; lfefr us viuh tkap esa ik;k fd ftu&ftu LFkkuksa ij isIlh&dksyk vkSj
dksdk&dksyk ds IykUV ¼dkj[kkus½ yxs gq;s gSa] ogka dh LFkkuh; oS/kkfud laLFkkvksa ¼tSls xzke iapk;r]
uxjifj’kn vkfn½ ls] HkwxHkZty fudkyus dh vuqefr Hkh bu dEifu;ksa us ugha yh gSA eqEcbZ “kgj esa gh
isIlh dksyk ,ao dksdk dksyk dEiuh us egkuxj ikfydk ls HkwxHkZty fudkyus dh vuqefr yh gSA bl
ekeys esa dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us dsjy jkT; ds IykpheMk esa LFkkuh; xzke iapk;r ls vuqefr fy;s fcuk
gh izfrfnu djksM+ksa yhVj ikuh fudkyuk “kq: fd;kA blds pyrs xk¡o dk HkwxHkZty cgqr gh de gks
x;kA vc ml xk¡o esa ihus ds fy;s ,oa d`f’k ds fy;s Hkh HkwxHkZty miyC/k ugha gSA blhdkj.k
dksdkdksyk dEiuh vkSj IykpheMk xk¡o ds ukxfjdksa dk dksdk&dksyk ds la;= dks cUn djkus ds fy;s
vkUnksyu py jgk gSA xzkeiapk;r IykpheMk us dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dks bl lEcU/k esa uksfVl ns fn;k fd
dEiuh viuh ikuh dh O;oLFkk dgha vkSj ls djsA
HkwxHkZ ty ds va/kk/kqa/k nq#i;ksx dks jksdus ds fy;s vHkh rd Hkkjr ljdkj us ;k jkT;ksa dh
ljdkjksa us dksbZ Hkh dkuwu ;k fu;e ugha cuk;s gSaA blh dk Qk;nk isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk tSlh
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20% t#jr Hkwfe dh lrg ij miyC/k ty ls iwjh gksrh gSA
lalnh; lfefr ds lkeus Hkkjr ns'k ds dbZ fo'ks"kKksa }kjk jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ds 'kjhj ij
gksus okys nq"izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa dkQh tkudkjh nh x;hA tks jklk;fud dhVuk'kd isIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk
esa ik;s tkrs gSa] muesa Mh-Mh-Vh] Dyksjks ik;jhQkl ,oa eSykfFk;ku izeq[k gSaA bu dhVuk'kd jlk;uksa dk
ekuo 'kjhj ij D;k&D;k nq"izHkko gksrk gS] bl ij lalnh; lfefr us tks tkudkjh nh] og bl izdkj gS
&
fyUMsu dh ekuo 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko %
fyUMsu gekjs 'kjhj esa tkus ds ckn olh; Årdksa esa tek gks tkrk gSA ;g 'kjhj ds yhoj] fdMuh
rFkk izfrjks/kd rU= dks u"V djrk gS vkSj dSalj iSnk djrk gSA ekuo 'kjhj dh lHkh xzfUFk;ksa ij Hk;adj
nq"izHkko fyUMsu dk gksrk gSA
Mh-Mh-Vh dk ekuo 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko %
Mh-Mh-Vh- efgykvksa ds o{kLFky ds dSalj ds fy;s eq[; ftEesnkj jlk;u gSA ekuo 'kjhj dh lSDl
{kerk dks cgqr de djus dk dke djrk gSA iq#"kksa ds oh;Z esa 'kqØk.kqvksa dh {kerk de djus dk dk;Z
Hkh ;g Mh-Mh-Vh- jlk;u djrk gSA
Dyksjks ik;jh QkWl dk nq"izHkko %
ekuo 'kjhj ds rfU=dk rU=] Fkk;jkbM xzfUFk] rFkk ekalisf'k;ksa ij Hk;adj nq"izHkko bl jlk;u dk
gksrk gSA
eSykfFk;ku dk 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko %
eSykfFk;ku dk lcls vf/kd nq"izHkko 'kjhj ds lHkh vaxksa ij iM+rk gSA bl jlk;u ds dkj.k
i{kk?kkr dk lcls vf/kd [krjk gksrk gSA
dSQhu dk 'kjhj ij nq"izHkko %
bl jlk;u dk 'kjhj ij dkQh cqjk vlj gksrk gSA vfunzk] ?kcjkgV] fpUrk] fpM+fpM+kiu vkfn
chekfj;ka dSQhu ds dkj.k gksrh gSaA bl dSQhu ds dkj.k gfM~M;ksa esa vkWLVh;ks ikjksfll ukedh Hkh chekjh
gksrh gSA ;fn xHkZorh fL=;ksa ds 'kjhj esa dSQhu dh ek=k dqN vf/kd gks tk;s rks fQj iSnk gksus okyk
cPps ds 'kjhj esa dkQh fod`fr;ka gks tkrh gSaA
BaMs is;ksa esa ehBkiu ykus okys jlk;uksa dk nq"izHkko %
BaMs is;ksa esa ehBkiu ykus ds fy;s lSØhu] ,LijVse rFkk phuh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lcls
vf/kd mi;ksx ,LijVse rFkk lSØhu dk gksrk gSA ;s nksuksa gh jlk;u ew=fi.M ds dSalj dks iSnk djrs
gSaA lkFk gh lkFk ;s nksuksa jlk;u 'kjhj dh lHkh xzfUFk;ksa ij cgqr cqjk vlj Mkyrs gSaA ,LijVse jlk;u
ls xHkZLFk f'k'kq ij cgqr cqjk vlj iM+rk gSA
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Contents liuksa ds lkSnkxj ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
izfrJqr Hkwfe n”kZu ... ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
isIlhdksyk ds izkstsDV dks dSls eatwjh feyh\ .......................................................................................................................................... 20
isIlh dksyk dEiuh }kjk Hkkjr ljdkj dks fn;s x;s /kks[ks ... ....................................................................................................................... 27
isIlh&dksyk dh Hkzked foKkiu ckth .................................................................................................................................................. 32
dksdk&dksyk dk Hkkjr esa izos”k ... ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa }kjk jktuSfrd gLr{ksi ... ............................................................................................................... 36
Hkkjrh; lekpkj&i=ksa ,oa if=dkvksa eas isIlh&dksyk ds ckjs esa mn~?kkfVr lR; ... ......................................................................................... .. 38
Hkkjrh; laln esa isIlh&dksyk ds ckjs esa iwNs x;s iz”u ,oa ljdkj ds eaf=;ksa }kjk fn;s x;s mRrj ...................................................................... . 42
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds “khry is;ksa esa dhVuk”kd ... ..................................................................................................................... 46
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk D;k gSa\ ................................................................................................................................................. 49
ikcanh D;ksa ugha \ ... .................................................................................................................................................................... 54
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liuksa ds lkSnkxj
;g jpuk isIlh uked ,d cgqjk’Vªh; dEiuh dh Hkkjr esa ?kqliSB dh okLrfod dFkk ls lEcfU/kr
gSA bl dEiuh dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dks xgjs ls le>us ds fy, dEiuh ds bfrgkl dks tkuuk vko”;d gSA
vkSj ;gha ikBd dks dksyk dh nwljh nkuokdkj dEiuh ds bfrgkl esa Mqcdh yxkus dh vko”;drk Hkh
iMs+xh rkfd Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; esa ;g le>k tk lds fd dSls ,d dh dgkuh nwljs dks izHkkfor djrh gSA
D;ksafd ;g dgkor gS fd ^;fn dksd vkrk gS rks D;k isIlh T;knk ihNs gksxk\^ vkSj bldk mYVk Hkh
dguk gh lgh gSA
“kq:vkr
1860 o 1870 ds n”kd esa x`g ;q) ds i”pkr vesfjdk esa fo”ks’kr%] mtM+s nf{k.kh fgLlksa esa ,d
Hk;adj eUnh ds nkSj ds :i esa jgsA ;q) ds i”pkrfofHkf’kdk ds izHkkoksa dks n”kkZrs gq, vVyk.Vk ds ,d
v[kckj us fy[kk ^^fo’kkn] Xykfu] mUekn] lj nnZ] “kjkc[kksjh] /kqd&/kqdh vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd uiqaldrk dh
Hkjekj gSA^^ fuf”Pkr :i ls ,slh voLFkk uhe&gdheksa vkSj Nn~e fpfdRldksa ds fy, cM+h moZj Fkh tks
rRdky funku o jksx “keu dk nkok djrs FksA bl rjg bZ-la- 1885 esa tkWu isEcVZu uked vVyk.Vk ds
,d QkekZflLV us ^ÝsUp okbu dksyk & ,d vkn”kZ ukfM+;ksa o “kkjhfjd {kerkvksa dk m}hid^ uke ls
iaft;u djk;k tks fd rhu Vkax okys ,d ik= esa irokj }kjk fgykdj cuk;k x;k ,d is; FkkA ;g is;
dksdhu] FkksM+h “kjkc ,oa vU; dqN vkSj oLrqvksa dks feykdj cuk;k x;kA 1886 bZ esa isEcVZu us “kjkc ds
cnys dSQhu dk iz;ksx fd;k rFkk lqxU/k ds fy;s dksyk Qy dk lRo feyk;kA is; dk uke Hkh cny
dj rc dksdk&dksyk j[kk x;k ftlesa nksuks v{kj dks LisUlj yhfi eas fy[kk x;k tks fd ns[kus esa vkSj
vkd’kZd yxus yxsA ysfdu isEcVZu dksbZ O;kikjh ugha Fks vkSj mUgksus ^dksd^ QkeqZys dks ¼tks fd vc
epsZUMkbl 7 dgykrk gS] ,d frtksjh esa lqjf{kr j[kk gqvk gS½ ek= 2300 Mkyj ds cnys tkftZ;k ds
O;kikjh ,sl dSUMyj dks 1889 bZ- esa csp fn;kA ;g dSUMyj gh Fkk ftlus bl is; ds o`grj cktkjkssa dks
cuk;kA mlus bl is; ds ?kksy dks Fkksd O;kikjh;ksa dks cspk tks fd NksVs nqdkuksa dks csprs Fks tks vius
nqdkuksa eas xSl okyk ikuh ¼lksMk okVj½ feykdj lksMk QkmUVsuksa ¼lksMkokVj dh nqdkuksa½ esa vkiwfrZ djrs
FksA blh o’kZ csUtkfeu ,Q Fkkel ,oa tkslQ ih- OgkbVgsM us dSUMyj ls feydj dksdkdksyk dks cksryksa
esa Hkjdj cspus dk O;kikfjd izLrko fn;kA dSUMyj dks bl izLrko es fo”ks’k ne ugha fn[kk vr% mlus
,d Mkyj izfr cksry ds nj ls cksry cUn djus dk vf/kdkj csp fn;k] Fkkel ,oa OgkbVgsM us ckVfyax
vf/kdkj dk mi&Bsdk {ks=h; ckVyjksa dks fn;k vkSj bl rjg foØ; vf/kdkj ds lkFk ckVfyax i)fr dk
pyu gqvk tks fd vktrd “khry is; m|ksx dh fo”oO;kih eq[; /kkjk gSA vc rd dSUMyj dh
dksdkdksyk daiuh iw.kZ:is.k lkeus vk pqdh Fkh vkSj og bls 1919 bZ- es 25 fefy;u Mkyj esa cspus ds
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP dkfcy cu pqdk FkkA u;s [kjhnnkj vVykUVk ds m|eh vusZLV oqMjQ Fks ftuds iq= jkcVZ us dksd dks
vkt dh nUrdFkk cuk;kA tc 1923 esa jkcVZ oqMjQ us dk;Z lEHkkyk] rc dksdk dksyk us dWukMk] D;wck
vkSj I;qfjVksfjdks esa izos”k fd;k] ysfdu vUrjkZ’Vªh; cktkj eas ;g vutku gh jgkA ;g oqMjQ dh dYiuk
ds vuq:i ugha jgkA vius cksMZ vkQ MkbjsDVlZ dh vogsyuk djrs gq, mlus ;wjksi esa is; dks pykus dh
dksf”k”k dh vkSj mlesa lQyrk ikus ij mlus fons”k foØ; foHkkx [kksy fy;k fdUrq iwjs fo”o eas
dksdkdksyk dh mifLFkfr dk ,dek= lcls egRoiw.kZ dkj.k Fkk f}rh; fo”o ;q)A vejhdu lSfudksa dks]
(GI) og tgk¡ Hkh gksa muds gkFk eas ,d dksd dh cksry Fkekus ds oqMjQ ds fu.kZ; us vPNk ykHk fn;kA
vejhdu ljdkj us txg&txg ckVfyax la;a= dh LFkkiuk djok;h D;ksafd gjsa jax dh ;s cksrysa ?kj dh ;knksa
ls ihfM+r lSU;ksa dk eukscy c<+kus esa lgk;d gksrh FkhaA
bl nkSjku og nwljk O;fDr dgk¡ Fkk\ isIlh dh dgkuh dkQh mrkj&p<+ko ls Hkjh gS] vkSj mldh
gjsd miyfC/k dBhu yM+kbZ ds ckn gkfly dh gqbZ gSA isIlh dk izkjEHk Hkh dksd dh rjg gh gqvkA
mÙkjh dSjksfyuk ds ,d nok cukus okys] dSysc czSMgSe us 1898 eas isIlh&dksyk uke ls ,d vkSj jkeck.k
is; dk fuekZ.k fd;kA bl ckj ;g is; flQZ cngteh nwj djus ds fy;s yk;k x;kA lu~ 1902 eas czSMgSe
us ,d O;kikj fpUg ¼VsªMekdZ½ dk iathdj.k djk;k rFkk xaHkhjrk ls O;kikj “kq: fd;kA lu~ 1905 esa
budk igyk ckVfyax l;aU= yxkA lu~ 1902 ds ek= 8000 xSyu ls czSMgSe 1907 esa 100]000 xSyu dh
fcØh djus yxk FkkA izFke fo”o ;q) ds lekIr gksrs gh phuh dh dhersa vkdk”k Nqus yxha vkSj isIlh
dh eqf”dyksa phuh cktkj ij idM+ cukrs&cukrs ns[kk fd 1920 esa dhersa vkSa/ks eqag tehu ij fxjus yxha
FkhA lu~ 1923 esa daiuh dk fnokyk fudy x;kA jkW; esxjtsy uked oky LVªhV “ks;j cktkj ds ,d
yxk;k] “ks;j cktkj ds cSB tkus ds dkj.k ,d ckj fQj daiuh fnokfy;k gks xbZA bl ckj isIlh ds
m)kj ds fy;s pkYlZ xqFk elhgk cukA yk¶V dSUMh daiuh ds v/;{k xqFk us isIlh ds QkeZqys dks cnyk
vkSj vius “khry is; ds nqdkuksa es gh j[kkA lu~ 1933 rd fQj ls Mwcus dh iqjkuh vuqHkwfr okil vkus
yxhA xqFk ds ikl daiuh dks] dksd daiuh dks “keZukd rjhds ls cspus ds vykok dksbZ mik; ugha cpk
FkkA ysfdu dksd us bl rjg dh va/kdkje; Hkfo’;okyh daiuh dks [kjnhus esa dksbZ :fp ugha yh] tks fd
,d cM+h Hkwy FkhA mcjus dh vafre ps’Vk eas xqFk us ,d lkSnk is”k fd;k&12 vkaSl dh cksry flQZ 5
lsUV es] tks fd ml ewY; ij nqxuk eky FkkA varr% fcØh ,oa equkQk nksuks gh c<+us yxkA ysfdu xqFk
ds HkkX; eas isIlh dks T;knk fnuksa rd pykuk ugha fy[kk Fkk vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh gM+rky ds pyrs mls
inR;kx djuk iM+kA lu~ 1938 esa okYVj eSd us daiuh dh deku laHkkyh vkSj mlus vkd’kZd foKkiuksa
dk flyflyk “kq: fd;k] tks vkt Hkh isIlh ds foi.ku dh eq[; “kSyh gSA vR;f/kd yksdfiz; dkfed
LVªhi] jsfM;ks foKkiu vUrr% daiuh dks lkeus ys vkbZ] rcrd f}rh; fo”o ;q) “kq: gks pqdk Fkk] ftlesa
isIlh] dksd dh Hkkafr HkkX;”kkyh ugha cu ikbZA phuh dk fu;a=.k isIlh ds fy;s ,d /kDdk Fkk tks fd
oqMjQ dh ns”kHkDr Nfo ds pyrs dksd dks ugha >syuk iM+k vkSj ;q)ksrj rsth us isIlh ds ^^Qk;ns dk
lkSnk^^ dks Lohdkj ugha fd;kA daiuh ds ykHk dk xzkQ yxkrkj fxjrk x;k vkSj iru dk ;g nkSj lu~
1949 es vy LVhy ds v/;{k cuus rd tkjh jgkA LVhy us fo”ks’k <ax dh cksryksa ds iz;ksx ds lkFk u;s
rjhdksa dh foi.ku uhfr dh “kq:vkr dh;k ,oa isIlh dks ^de dSyksjh dk rktxh okyk is;^ ds :i esa
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isIlh] dksd dh ,d dêj izfr}Unh cuus dh fLFkfr es ig¡qp xbZA lu~ 1963 esa MksuYM ,e- dSUMy dk
vkxeu gqvk] vkSj mlds ckn fQj isIlh us ^isIlh pSysUt^^ izfr;ksfxrk dk izorZu fd;k tks fd ,d va/kk
Lokn ijh{k.k dk flyflyk Fkk tks txg&txg ij tu&lk/kkj.k ds lkeus vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk Fkk
ftlesa turk us isIlh ds ehBs Lokn dks dksd ds Lokn ls T;knk ilUn fd;kA dSUMy dh lcls cM+h
thr dk lun rRdkyhu :l ds iz/kku [kzq”pso dk ekLdks esa vejhdu jk’Vªh; izn”kZuh esa isIlh ihrs gq,
QksVks Fkk ftls izeq[krk ds lkFk daiuh us Hkquk fy;kA isIlh dh ,dlw=h; foKkiu ;kstuk] ¼ftldh ppkZ
ckn es dh xbZ gS½ us oLrqr% dksd dks bruk >d>ksj fn;k fd mls O;kikj txr dh lcls cM+h Hkwy dgs
tkus okys dk;Z dks djus ds fy;s etcwj dj fn;kA ;g dksd }kjk isIlh ds ehBs Lokn ls VDdj ysus ds
fy;s ^U;w dksdk^ dk cktkj eas mrkjuk FkkA isIlh dks bl /kqrZrk iw.kZ iz;ksx dk Qk;nk ^U;w dksd^ ds vkus
dk ugha cfYd iqjkus dksd ds gV tkus dk gqvkA blls xzkgdksa esa vlarks’k iSnk gksus ls fQj ls iqjkus
dksd dks ^dksd Dykfld^ ds u;s uke ls cktkj eas vkuk iM+kA vkf[kj ,d is; ds QkeqZys esa cnyko gksus
ls turk esa D;ksa gypy vkSj HkM+kl iSnk gqbZ\ tks fd flQZ& ,siy dEI;qVj daiuh ds losZlokZ LVho
tksUl ds “kCnksa esa & ^lqxfU/kr phuh ?kqyk ikuh gSA^^ bl rF; dks le>us ds fy;s dksd ;k FkksM+k gVdj
isIlh dk vFkZ le>uk t:jh gSA tSlk fd isIlh ds orZeku v/;{k ,oa eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh jkstj
,ufjdks dgrs gSa fd] ^^;g flQZ phuh vkSj lqxa/kksa dk feJ.k ugha gS] cfYd jlfl) dk<+k gSA vFkok
dkUlkl ds v[kckj ds lEiknd fofy;e OgkbZV ds iz”kfLr ds vuqlkj vejhdk ds lc dqN dk lkj
dskdkdksyk gSA^^ f}rh; fo”o ;q) esa lSfudksa ds fy;s izrhd :i esa tks “kq:vkr gqbZ Fkh og vc ,d
^jk’Vª izrhd^ esa :ikarfjr gks pqdk gSA dksd dk fu”kku lH;rk dk fu”kku gSA tSlk fd dgrs gSa & ßtc
vki dgha ,d dksdkdksyk dk fu”kku ugha n[ksrs gSa rks le>sa fd vki lH;rk dh lhek ikj dj pqds gSaAß
dksd dk lkUVk DykWt foKkiu] mldh ns”kizsfedrk] ;gh vejhdk gSA ek= 400 lky ds bfrgkl okys
,d ns”k dh] dksd ,d ijEijk gSA isIlh Hkh vejhdhiu dks gh Hkqukrk gS ysfdu FkksM+s nwljs rjg lsA ;g
toku vejhdk gS] fuMj vkSj FkksM+k mn~.M Hkh ysfdu lcdqN ,d bZekunkj O;kikjh tSlk] nksuksa is;ksa eas
lekurk ;g gS fd nksuks] cksryksa eas vejhdh liukas dks csprs gaSA bl rjg vejhdh feFkd dk fuekZ.k
gksrk gSA
fiNys rhu n”kdkas us bu daiuh ;k fuxeksa ¼dkiksZjs”ku½ dks fo”o ds 50 cM+s HkkX;”kkyh;ksa dh lwph
¼QkpqZu fyLV½ esa p<+rs ns[kkA ;g dbZ dkj.kksa ls gqvkA igyk&“khry is; m|ksx dh rsth&mÙkstd
foKkiu rFkk foi.ku] vejhdk eas bldk csrgk”kk foi.ku bUgsa ogk¡ dkua ,d dk is; cukuk tks fd ihus ds
fy;s ikuh dks Hkh ihNs NksM+ fn;kA nwljk&dksd ,oa isIlh nksuksa dk lEcaf/kr ,oa vlEcaf/kr {ks=ksa esa
O;kikj dk foLrkj] mnkgj.k ds fy;s dksd daiuh dksyfEc;k fiDplZ uked fQYe daiuh dk ekfyd cuk
rFkk ^?kksLVcLVlZ tSlh fQYe fuekZ.k fd;k] tcfd isIlh us lsou&vi] VSdks csy] ÝkbVks&ys] fiTt+k gV
ds vf/kxzg.k ds lkFk gh 16]000 dsUVdh Ýk;M fpdu cspus okyh bdkbZ;ksa dks [kjhn fy;kA oLrqr%
isIlh dEiuh ds dqy O;kikj dk ek= 38% “khry is; dk fgLlk gSA rhljk & bu is;kas dh vUrjjk’Vªh;
mifLFkfr gS& vkt fo”o ds 155 ns”kksa eas dksd ,oa 151 ns”kksa esa isIlh fcdrh gSA “kk;n fo”o bfrgkl dk
dksbZ fo”ofotsrk Hkh bruh tehu ugha thrk gksxk ftruh bu nks cgqjk’Vªh; dEifu;ksa us gkfly dhA
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vuq:i nksuksa dEifu;ksa dk edln fodkl”khy ns”kksa dks flQZ “khry is; cspus dk ugha gS] tks fd vHkh
rd foykflrk dh oLrq gS] cfYd ,d thou”kSyh Fkksiuk gS tks fd ogk¡ ds fuoklh ogu u dj ldsaA
nksuks gh fo”o esa vejhdk ds iz/kkU; foLrkj rFkk ?kqliSB ds i;kZ;okph cu pqds gSaA isIlh dh mifLFkfr
gj txg flQZ O;kikfjd dkj.kksa ls gh ugha gS ftldk lk{; fpyh tSls ns”k ds dVq vuqHkoksa ls Li’V gS]
ysfdu ;s ?kVuk;a ckn eas foLrkfjr dh tk;axhA
nksuks cgqjk’Vªh; dEifu;ksa dk Hkkjr esa inkiZ.k yxHkx ,d gh le; eas gqvkA ysfdu isIlh vius
iqjkus lLrs is”kd”k ¼dksd ds 4 vkus esa 6 vkSal ds eqdkcys 5 vkus eas 10 vkSal½ ds ckotwn ipkl ds
n”kd ds e/; esa viuh nqdku lesVus dks ck/; gqvkA dksd ukeek= dh izfr}afnrk ds chp ,dN= jkt
djrk jgkA dksd ,oa isIlh ds vkxeu ds iwoZ ;g {ks= iw.kZ :i ls vlaxfBr jgk ftleas dqN
v/kZLopkfyr rFkk gkFk ls pyus okys ;a=ksa ds tfj;s izfr feuV T;knk ls T;knk 10 ls 20 cksry
mRiknu FkkA vkt ds 600 cksry izfr feuV dh rqyuk esa ;s iqjkuh QSfDVª;k¡ vius LFkkuh; cktkjksa dks gh
T;knkrj xksyhokyh cksryksa eas vkiwfrZ djrh FkhaA ty&“kks/ku] foØ; vf/kdkj ;gk¡ rd fd foKkiu rd
dk dgha uke ugha FkkA bu cgqjk’Vªh; dEifu;ksa ds vkxeu us iwjs O;kikj izfØ;k eas Økafr t:j iSnk dj
nh] ysfdu blesa fdlh LFkkuh; m|ksx dks u rks 'kkfey fd;k x;k] vkSj u gh ;g lEHk+o FkkA ;g fLFkfr
lu~ 1977 rd ljdkj ds cnyus ,oa lkFk gh fu;eksa ds ifjorZu rd pyrh jghA u;s fu;eksa ds rgr
fons”kh eqnzk fu;a=.k dkuwu (FERA) ds vuqlkj cgqjk’Vªh; dEifu;ksa dks 40% fgLls rd lhfer j[kuk
FkkA ;g dksd ds fy;s vdYiuh; Fkk] D;ksafd fo”o esa dgha Hkh dksd 100% LokfeRo okyh bdkbZ eas gh
ewy ?kksy dk mRiknu djrh jghA lcls cqjh ckr ;g Fkh fd ijexksiuh;] VªLV daiuh] tkftZ;ks ds
frtksjh esa lqjf{kr epsZUMkbl 7 x ¼tgk¡ rd ig¡qp flQZ daiuh ds rhu mPpinLFk vf/kdkjh] tks fd ,d
lkFk ogk¡ rd lQj ugha djrs Fks ,oa viuh e`R;q gksus dh lwjr esa fdlh nwljs vf/kdkjh dks ukfer djds
pyrs Fks½ dks mtkxj djuk iM+rkA bl dkj.k dksdk dksyk Hkkjr ls izLFkku dj x;kA
bu ?kVukØeksa ds ckn gh Hkkjrh; “khry is; m|ksx vius Lo:i esa fodflr gqvkA dksd ds
ckWVyj pj.kthr flag us dSEik dksyk cktkj eas mrkjk] ikysZ ds jes”k pkSgku us FkElvi rFkk M~;wd ,oa
LisUlj tSls nwljs fuekZrk cktkj esa vk;sA vkt cktkj dh fgLlsnkjh yxHkx fuEu :i ls gS%
ikysZ&65% I;ksj fMªaDl& 19% vU;& 16% “khry is; m|ksx us vR;qÙke fodYi is”k djus dk “kkunkj ekspkZ fy;k gSA ikysZ vkt vÝhdk]
e/;&iwoZ] lksfo;r la?k ,oa vejhdk dks fu;kZr djrk gSA tc fd] nks jk’Vªh; egkcyh ikysZ ,oa I;ksj
fMªaDl ds lkFk {ksf=; m|ksx tSls M~;wd] LisUlj ,oa vc eSDMkoy Hkh gSaA
ysfdu u rks dksd vkSj u gh isIlh vHkh lekIr gks x;s FksA os ,d fdukjs gVdj #[k ns[k jgs Fks
vkSj bUrtkj dj jgs FksA muds fy;s ;g ,d ekspsZ dh gkj Fkh u fd ;q) esa gkj fo”ks’kdj isIlh vdsys
jkt djus dh /kqu esa dksd }kjk gkjh gqbZ tehu gfFk;kus ds fy;s rS;kj gks jgh FkhA bUrtkj dk ;g
[ksy pyrk jgk vkSj vksjosy ds 1984 ds nks lky ckn isIlh us viuk ekSdk vkrs ns[kkA
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izfrJqr Hkwfe n”kZu
Hkkjr ges”kk gh bu nks “khry is; egkcfy;ksa ds fy;s Lof.kZeHkwfe] ,oa [kks;k gqvk LoxZ dk feJ.k
jgkA ^isIlhdks oYMZ okbM csojsts^ ds v/;{k ,oa eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh jkstj ,ufjdks Hkkjr dks 85
djksM+ I;klh vkRekvksa dk xje ns”k dgrs gSaA Hkkjr dh laHkkouk;a vikj gSaA Hkkjr esa “khry is; dh
[kir izfr O;fDr ek= 2-8 cksry izfr o’kZ gS tcfd caXykns”k eas ;g [kir 26 cksry gSA ikfdLrku esa
izfr O;fDr [kir 13] FkkbZyS.M esa 86] vkSj ;wjksi rFkk vejhdk esa ;g la[;k Øe”k% 180 vkSj 386 gSA
isIlh bu vk¡dM+ksa dks Hkzfer djus ds fy;s mi;ksx dj jgk gS vkSj izfro’kZ lEHkkfor c<+ksÙkjh 900% dk
y{; is”k dj jgk gSA fo”o esa “khry is; dh c<+ksÙkjh dh nj vkSlru 6 ls 8% rd fLFkj gSA ¼Hkkjr esa
1990&91 esa c<+ksÙkjh nj fLFkj Fkh½ tcfd isIlh ds vk¡dM+s dkQh c<+s&p<+s gSa] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd
Hkkjr isIlh tSlh cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa ds fy;s ,d mi;qDr f”kdkjxkg gS vkSj isIlh us vius lHkh laosndksa
dks mfpr volj dh rkd eas rS;kj j[kkA
;g isIlh dks vPNh rjg ls irk Fkk fd ek= “khry is; dks viuh >ksyh eas j[kdj og Hkkjr esa
fdlh Hkh rjg izos”k ugha ik ldrkA gkykafd Hkkjr dh uhfr;k¡ lu~ 1977 ds ckn dkQh uje gksrh xbaZ]
ysfdu ;g vlEHko gh Fkk fd dksbZ Hkh dV~V~j lektoknh ns”k “khry is; tSlh ,d xSj izkFkfedrk ,oa
xSj&t:jh oLrq ds O;kikj dks NwV ns nsA ;g ,d lkFkZd voLFkk gksrh vxj ^mUgsa dsd [kkus nks^ dh
Nfo cukus nsrs rks gekjs usrkvksa dh yksdfiz;rk esa Hk;adj deh vk ldrh Fkh vkSj muds fy, ;g
jktuSfrd vkRegR;k gksrhA ;g isIlh dks Li’V vkHkkl FkkA vr% ml oDr vko”;drk Fkh dFkkud esa
FkksM+s ifjorZu dhA “khry is; dks ihNs j[kdj turk dks Lohdk;Z eq[kkSVk lkeus j[kus dh vko”;drk
Fkh] blfy;s [kk| oLrq lalk/ku dk <ksax “kq: gqvkA ;g vuqHko fd;k x;k fd ;fn dksbZ izkFkfed :i ls
[kk| lalk/ku dk;Z ij dsfUnzr] tks fd lh/ks rkSj ij d`f’k vFkZ”kkL= ls lacf/kr gks ,slh&ifj;kstuk ykbZ
tk;s rks mls lgh ek;us es NwV fey ldrh gSA “khry is; rc ,d fdukjs jgs vkSj iwjh ifj;kstuk ds
lgk;d :i esa miyC/k jgsA bruk LFkkfir djus ds ckn isIlh us MUdu bafM;k dh lg;ksxh laLFkk ¼,xzks
izksMDV~l~ ,DliksVZ bafM;k izk- fy-½ ls ,d la;qä m|e dk xBtksM+ fd;kA vizSy 25] 1985 dks m|ksx
fodkl ea=ky; ds lfpo dks ,d vk”k; i= tek fd;k x;kA ¼;g ;kn j[kuk pkfg;s fd ml oDr
[kk| lalk/ku ea=ky; dk xBu ugha gqvk Fkk½ la;qDr m|e ds mn~ns”; esa ;g dgk x;k fd ^^Hkkjr eas
rS;kj d`f’k vk/kkfjr mRiknksa ds fu;kZr dh mUufr ,oa fodkl rFkk isIlhdks ds mRiknksa dk Hkkjr esa izorZu
o fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djuk]^^ bu y{;ksa ds vuq:i la;qDr m|e dh LFkkiuk 1½ Hkkjr esa mRiknu ,oa
fu;kZr iz;klksa esa iw¡th dh O;oLFkk 2½ pqfuans mRiknksa ,oa lsokvksa dk foLr`r vUrjjk’Vªh; cktkj eas fu;kZr]
3½ isIlh dksyk bUVjus”kuy ls lacaf/kr rduhdksa dks] fons”kh eqnzk dks ckgj Hksts fcuk] izkIr djuk] 4½
^isIlh dks bUd^ ls lkUnz ?kksy ds vk;kr dh O;oLFkk dj mldh Lora= ckWVyjksa dks fcØh ,oa vkiwfrZ] 5½
isIlhdks “khry is; ds ?kksy ds vk;kr esa yxus okys Mkyj jkf”k ds rhuxquk ykxr ds fu;kZr dh
O;oLFkkiukA
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fo”o] fo”ks’kdj e/;&iwoZ ds vuqHko rFkk vius laiw.kZ rduhfd ,oa izcU/k ds vuqHkoksa ds lkFk ,d lgh
ikVZuj cu jgk gSA 1½ ns”k ds d`f’k {ks= ds izkFkfed “kfDr dk mRFkku] 2½ u;s fu;kZr voljksa dk fuekZ.k
,oa fons”kh eqnzk dk 3%1 ds fu;kZr&vk;kr vuqikr ls] vkgj.k 3½ mRikn xq.koÙkk ,oa Hkkjr esa fu;kZr Nfo
dh c<+kbZ 4½ [kk| lalk/ku] iSdsftax ,oa “khry is; fuekZrk ds loksZRd`’V rduhdksa dk fcuk fons”kh eqnzk
[kpZ fd;s vk;kr 5½ nqljs lacaf/kr O;kikjksa ds fy;s bl ifj;kstuk dk mÌhid dk dke djuk 6½ “khry
is; m|ksx ds c<+kus esa 7½ vkS|ksfxd foLrkj ls midj.kksa ds fuekZ.k dks etcwrh ls c<+kus ds voljksa dk
iztuu 8½ m|ksxksa ,oa d`f’k {ks=ksa eas jkstxkj ds voljksa ds cuus ds lkFk df’k] [kqnjkfcØh rFkk forj.k eas
{ks=h; m|e ds volj ,oa 9½ miHkksDrk cktkj ds foLrkj ls ljdkjh vk; esa etcwr c<+ksÙkjhA
izLrko ds var es ;g fu’d’kZ dgk x;k fd ;g vius foLr`r y{;ksa ds dkj.k vFkZO;oLFkk ds fdrus
vuq:i gS rFkk] ^^jk’Vªh; izkFkfedrkvksa tSls fu;kZr] d`f’k] jkstxkj ,oa rduhfd Kku eas fo”ks’k :i ls
lgk;d gSA^^ foLrkj ls ;gh 20 fefy;u :i;s ds l;qaDr m|e dk izLrko FkkA ;g izLrko izFkkuqlkj
Nkuchu ls xqtjus ds ckn mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa] ftuds vf/kdkj {ks= esa ;g ifj;kstuk iM+rh gS] vxzlkfjr
fd;k x;kA ,sls gh ,d vf/kdkjh laLFkk ^iatkc ,xzks bUMLVªht dkiksZjs”ku^ ls ftlds funs”kd vferkHk
ik.Ms Fks] isIlh ,oa MUdu us lykg ,oa lg;ksx ds fy;s laidZ fd;kA MUdu ,UVjizkbt ds dkjiksjsV
fjlkslsZt mik/;{k ,u-ds-izlkn dks lacksf/kr ,d i= esa ik.Ms us fy[kkA
Hkkjr ljdkj dks fn;s x;s vkids izkFkZuk i= dks eSus ns[kk vkSj ik;k fd izLrkfor [kk| oLrq
m|ksx ds ykHk ds i{k esa tks nkos fd;s x;s gSa os iwjh rjg ls vlaxr gSA [kk| lalk/ku O;olk; esa iM+us
okys ukeek= ds izHkko rFkk oLrqr% dksbZ u;h iw¡th dk u yxuk vkSj fdlh u;s rdfud dk iz;ksx bl
izLrko esa u gksus ds dkj.k bl izLrko ds iatkc ljdkj ds leFkZu izkfIr ds fy;s eq>ls dksbZ leFkZu ;k
odkyr dh vis{kk u djsa]^^ ml oDr ns”k esa isIlh ds vkus dh igyh dksf”k”k dh ;g izfrfØ;k jghA
¼ik.Ms ds n`f’Vdks.k isIlh dh nwljh dksf”k”k ds lUnHkZ esa dkQh egRoiw.kZ gaSA½ dgus dh vko”;drk ugha
gS fd isIlh ds izLrko fdlh dks Hkjek ugha ik, vkSj lkanz ?kksy dk vk;kr ugha fd;k tk ldk rFkk
?kjsyq “kqYd {ks= (DTA) eas fons”kh vkoMZ dk iz;ksx u gks ldus ds vk/kkj ij [kfjt dj fn;k x;kA
ysfdu isIlh bruh vklkuh ls gkj ekuus okyk ugha FkkA ;gha ij jes”k okaxy ¼orZeku izcU/k
funs”kd] isIlh QwM~l~ bfUM;k½ dk vkxeu gksrk gSA yUnu laLFkk esa dke djus ds ckn ^gj eqf”dy
vklku^ ds :i esa ;g [;kr gq,A isIlh ds f”kdkfj;ksa us okaxy ls lEidZ fd;k] vkSj mlds ckn muls
feJ ¼bZthIV½ eas izos”k djkus ds dk;Z dks lk/kkA MUdu dh iw.kZ vlQyrk ds i”pkr okaxy dks 1½ dBhu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks gy djus dh {kerk ,oa 2½ ,d vfuoklh Hkkjrh; gksus ds dkj.k eSnku eas yk;k x;kA
isIlh vc bl rF; dks gn;axe dj pqdk Fkk fd mlds ifj;kstuk dh Lohd`fr ds fy;s jktuSfrd
izpkj ,oa lgkjs dh vko”;drk gh izeq[k gSA mlus ;g Hkh tku fy;k Fkk fd [kk| lalk/ku ds uke ij
okd~+tky QSYkkuk dkQh ugha gSA mudks ckr djus ds fy;s lkFkZd] foLr`r ,oa fof”k’V ykHkokys rdksZa dh
vko”;drk gSA bu ckrksa dks fnekx es j[kdj mUgksusa viuh vkf[kjh dksf”k”k “kq: dhA vkSj ;g dguk
iMs+xk fd ;s mudh vksj ls ,d cgqr gh laxfBr o lqfu;ksftr iz;kl Fkk] tcfd ;g ,d egkure /kks[kk
Fkk tks fd ns”k dks Hkksxuk FkkA bl ckj muds lkFkh Fks ljdkjh laLFkk iatkc ,xzks baMLVªht dkiksZjs”ku
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dksf”k”k ns[k pqds Fks tks cgqr lQy ugha gks ikbZA
mijksDr vferkHk ik.Ms+] tks fd MUdu ds izLrko dks fljs ls udkj pqds Fks] vc blh ifj;kstuk
dh Lohd`fr ds dêj leFkZd ds :i eas [kM+s gq,A 10 vxLr] 1985 dks mUgkasus ,d xqIr VsysDl (PAIC) ls isIlhdks ds ØkbZLV vyczkbZV ,oa usLVj dkcsfuy&ofj’B mik/;{k] isIlhdks] dks lacksf/kr dj HkstkA iwjh
rjg ls iyVh [kkdj vc og ,d e/;LFk ,oa pkVqdkfjrk dh gnrd lgk;d cusA mUgksaus isIlh dks
jktuSfrd ,oa ukSdj”kkgh lgkjksa dks ,df=r djus dk lq>ko fn;kA ik.M+s dk VsysDl ¼micU/k esa eqfnzr½
Lo;a bldh O;k[;k djrh gSA
fe- ts-lh-pksiM+k] ofj’B mik/;{k oksYVkl ,oa iatkc ljdkj esa esjs lkfFk;ksa ls fopkj foe’kZ gqvkA
eSus ljnkj izdk”k flag ckny ls Hkh ckrsa dhA bu ppkZvksa ds vk/kkj ij esjk ;g lqfuf”pr er gS fd ;g
izLrko ,oa izkFkZuk i=] tSlk fd ;g gS] ljdkjh Lohd`fr ;k iatkc ljdkj dk iw.kZ leFkZu ugha ik
ldrk gSA orZeku izLrko dk flQZ lq/kkj gh ugha cfYd iwjh rjg ls R;kx dj ,d u;k izLrko nsuk
gksxkA u;s izLrko ds iatkc ljdkj ls iwjk leFkZu ikus dh vk”kk dh tk ldrh gS] ;fn bls fuEufyf[kr
rjhds ls cuk;k tk;s -------- eSa vk”kk djrk gw¡ fd ;g VsysDl xqIr j[kk t+k,xk rFkk orZeku esa bldh
dksbZ ppkZ MUdu ds lkFk ugha dh tk,A eaS fQj ls dgrk gw¡ fd ugha dh tk;sA ;fn mijksDr lq>ko
Lohdk;Z gkas rks eaS pkgrk gw¡ fd vki rqjar jkT;iky Jh vtqZu flag ;k eq[; lfpo Jh ih-,p-oS’.ko dks
igys dh eqykdkrksa dk gokyk nsrs gq, ,oa mijksDr rjhdksa ds rgr xBcU/ku dh laHkkoukvksa dks crkrs
gq, fy[kasA ;g i= isIlh ds rjQ ls tkuk pkfg;s u fd MUdu] oksYVkl ;k fdlh Hkkjrh; laLFkk dh
vksj lsA ,dckj bl vk”k; dk i= Hkstus ds i”pkkr esjk lq>ko gS fd vkidh Vksyh pUMhx<+ ,oa iatkc
esa rhu ;k pkj fnu jgdj izLrko ds eqÌkas ij foLrkj ls dk;Z djs rFkk lHkh mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ls ,oa
jktuSfrd O;fDr;ksa ls feysA bR;knh-----^^
iatkc ljdkj ls lEc) ,d Hkkjrh; iz”kklfud lsok ds vf/kdkjh dk ,d laLFkk ftldk fd og
“kq: esa fojks/k dj pqdk gks] bl rjg ds i=kpkj ds izHkko dks xaHkhj dguk Hkh de gh gSA bl cfq) iyV dk
dj.k D;k gS\ ik.Ms ds uh;r dh foHkkxh; tk¡p t:jh yxrh gSA
vxLr 6]1986 dks varr% (PAIC) us isIlhdks bUd ds lkFk ^^la;qDr d`f’k m|ksx m|e fo”ks’kdj
[kk| lalk/ku ds {ks= ds fy;s^^ ,d fons”kh lg;ksx gsrq vkSipkfjd izkFkZuki= is”k fd;kA
;g la;qDr m|e bl ckj (PAIC) isIlhdks ,oa MUdu dh txg VkVk dh lg;ksxh oksYVkl
fyfeVsM dk lfEeyu FkkA bl ckj [kk| lalk/ku ds Åij tksj Mkyk x;k rFkk “khry is; dks de
egRo fn;k x;kA isIlh dks lcd fey pqdk FkkA dqN Hkh gks izLrko eas dksbZ fo”ks’k fHkUurk ugha FkhA bl ij
ckn esa foLr`r ppkZ dh tk;sxhA tks Hkh gks izLrko dk laf{kIr i;kZoyksdu fuEukafdr gSA isIlhdks] ,oa
oksYVkl fy- }kjk ,d la;qDr m|e dk izorZuA
ekfydkuk & fons”kh % isIlhdks & 39-89% Hkkjrh; % 60-11% (PAIC) oksYVkl
dqy bfDoVh & :- 9 djksM+
dqy iw¡th & :- 22-55 djksM+
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP m|e ds eq[; ?kVd
& d`f’k vuqla/kku dsUnz ¼iw¡th fuos”k & 1-55 djksM+½
& vkyw@”k’; lalk/ku bdkbZ;k¡ ¼fuos”k & 8 djksM+½
& Qy@lCth lalk/ku bdkbZ;k¡ ¼fuos”k & 7-5 djksM-½
& “khry is; lkanz ?kksy bdkbZ ¼fuos”k & 5-5 djksM+½
& dPps eky dk mi;ksx ¼iatkc esa½ & 80]000 fefVªd Vu
uk”kikrh] VekVj] lso] vke ¼Qy@lCth mRiknu dk 25%½
20]000 fefVªd Vu vkyw ,oa “k’; ¼dqy mRiknu dk 7%½
&fu;kZr izfrc)rk %
& dqy dkj[kkus esa mRiknu ewY; dk 50%
& fons”kh eqnzk dk vk;r&fu;kZr dk vuqikr 3%1 ¼fuxZe eas iw¡thxr ;U=kfn] dPpk eky] fMfoMs.M
bR;kfn lfEefyr½
& fu;kZr izfrc)rk vof/k 10 o’kZ
& U;wure lfEefyr fu;kZr vk; izfrc)rk :&200 djksM+A
;g isIlh ds vius gh “kCnksa es izLrko dk foLr`r lkjka”k gSA /kks[kk/kM+h dh vkSj xgjh tk¡p ckn esa
nh tk;sxhA
ukSdj”kkgh Nkuchu fdlh Hkh ifj;kstuk dh Lohd`fr ds fy;s ;g lk/kkj.k izfØ;k gS fd lacaf/kr eU=ky; izLrko dks
ifj;kstuk Lohd`fr ifj’kn PABdks nsrk gSA bl izLrko ds lUnHkZ esa Hkh ;gh fd;k x;kA PAB us viuh
Nkuchu isIlh dks miyC/k vkarfjd [kk| lalk/ku rdfudksa dks eÌsutj j[k dj “kq: fd;k] gksusokys
rduhdksa ds LFkkukUrj.k dh izd`fr ,oa rjhds] blls mRié gksus okys jkstxkj ds volj bR;kfnA blds
fy;s PAB eas pqus x;s lfpoksa dh 16 flrEcj] 1986 dks cSBd gqbZA ckn esa PAIC ds vQlj yksx d`f’k
,oa lgdkfjrk lfpo Jhfuokl “kkL=h ls feys ,oa ifj;kstuk ds fuLrkj.kksa ds fy;s izkFkZuk fdA 22
uoEcj 1986 dks [kk| ,oa ukxfjd vkiwfrZ eU=ky; ds lfpo oh- fot;”ks[kju us m|ksx eU=ky; ds
m|ksx fodkl foHkkx ds lfpo dks fy[kk%
^^lHkh izeq[k y{k.kksa ds lkFk ns”k ds ykHkkFkZ] bR;kfn ------ izLrko ds i{k esa ugha gSA isIlhdks dh 30%
O;kikj d`f=e oLrqvksa dks Hkkjr esa cspus dh ifj;kstuk [kk| lalk/ku m|ksx dks {kfr igq¡pk;sxhA^^
22 tuojh] 1987 dks vkfFkZd O;kikj foHkkx ¼fMikVZesUV vkQ bdksukWfed vQs;j½ ,Q-,u-Vh-,UM
Vh lsD”ku us fuEufyf[kr ckrsa dgh % “khry is; U;wure izkFkfedrk dk {ks= gSA bl {ks= esa isIlhdks ds
vkxeu ls ?kjsyq mRikndksa dks lE;d {kfr gksxhA iz”u gS fd fdl izdkj fons”kh eqnzk dk fuxZeu ,oa
fu;kZr vk; ds leUo; ij izHkkoh :i ls utj j[kh tk;A iz”u tks fd /;ku esa j[kuk gS] ^^;g gS fd
,d ckj bdkbZ ds LFkkiuk ds i”pkr ljdkj ds ikl izLrkfor fu;kZr ds u gksus ij D;k fodYi jgsxk\^^
27 ebZ] 1987 dks ,d fo”ks’k PAB us fu”p; fd;k fd d`f’k foHkkx ds vfrfjDr lfpo ds usr`Ro esa
,d ny [kk|] Qy ,oa lCth lalk/ku m|ksx esa rduhfd ;ksX;rk ,oa fo”ks’kKrk ds lkFk ,slh rduhd
dks tk¡pus ,oa ifj;kstuk esa LFkkukUrfjr djus dh {kerk dh tk¡p djsxhA vkxs dgk x;k fd ;g ny
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP isIlh dh 60% fu;kZr dh mÙkjnkf;Ro ds fuokZg ds bPNk dk vkdyu djsxh d`f’k vuqla/kku rFkk d`f’k
lalk/ku eas isIlhdks dh ;ksX;rk ,oa vuqHko ds ckjs esa fo”ks’k ppkZ esa 27 ebZ dh cSBd esa [kk| foHkkx us
;g dgk fd ^^muds ikl isIlhdks dh ;ksX;rk ,oa vuqHko ds fo’k; eas dksbZ fuf”pr lwpuk ugha gSA lkFk
gh PAIC }kjk dksbZ fuf”pr vk”oklu Hkh ugha fn;k x;k gSA^^
;g r; fd;k x;k fd d`f’k lalk/ku] [kk| ,oa lCth lalk/ku rduhd ds LFkkukarj.k ds rduhdh
;ksX;rk ds fo’k; esa PAB dks tk¡p ,oa vkdyu ds fy;s vkSj foLr`r lwpukvksa dh vko”;drk gSA
vxLr 10]1987 dks PAB dh ,d vkSj cSBd cqykbZ xbZ] ysfdu vfrfjDr lfpo] d`f’k foHkkx }kjk
rduhdh i{k esa muds lwpukvksa dks tek u djus ds dkj.k dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha fy;k tk ldk] tks Hkh gks
d`f’k foHkkx dks bl fo’k; esa i=kpkj tkjh j[kus dks dgk x;kA tSlk fd ;gk¡ irk pyrk gS] [kk|
lalk/ku isIlhdks dh rduhdh {kerk ds ckjs esa ftKklkvksa ds rgr vfrfjDr lfpo] d`f’k foHkkx PAB dks
tkudkjh nas]^^CFTRI, eSlwj dks Hkh rduhdh lacaf/kr fo’k;ksa dks tk¡pus dks dgk x;k gSA^^
nl fnuksa ds ckn cqyk;s x;s nwljs cSBd esa vfrfjDr lfpo] d`f’k }kjk ek¡xs x;s fofunZs”kuksa ds
tokc esa CSIR us ntZ djk;k fd] ^^isIlhdks dk izLrko rduhdh foLrkj dk [kqyklk ugha djrhA vkxs]
isIlhdks ,oa mldh lg;ksxh daiuh;k¡ flQZ vkyw ,oa eDds ds mRiknksa ds la”kks/ku dh vuqHkoh gSaA^^
mijksDr ukSdj”kkgh Nkuchu dh esjh izd`fr ls ;g Li’V gS fd ;g izLrko ewyHkwr eqÌksa dks Nqikus
eas lQy ugha gks ikbZA ;g Li’V Fkk fd uke ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh rduhdh LFkkukUrj.k ugha gksus okyk
FkkA fQj PAB us fljs ls bl izLrko dks vLohdr D;ksa ugha fd;k\ blds ckn 22-55 djksM+ dh ;g
ifj;kstuk eaf=eaMy dks vxzlkfjr fd;k x;kA 6 flrEcj] 1988 dks iwjs izLrko dks rkRdkfyu iz/kku ea=h
jktho xka/kh }kjk Lo;a pqus gq, eaf=;ksa ds ,d ny dks Hkstk x;kA “kq: esa rkRdkyhu foRrea=h ,u-Mh-
frokjh bl ny ds usrk Fks] ysfdu mudh txg ljnkj cwVk flag dks ;g in fn;k x;k tks fd isIlh ds
vuqjkxh ds :i eas tkfgj FksA ;g iwjh izfØ;k ljdkj dh viuh gh cukbZ gqbZ uhfr;ksa ds izfr opuc)rk
,oa ukSdj”kkgh dh lansgkRed dk;Z“kSyh ds fy;s dbZ lokyksa dks tUe nsrh gSA ;g bl ifj;kstuk izLrko
dh [kqyh izxfr Fkh tc rd fd bls loksZPp Lrj ls fuLrkfjr fd;k x;kA vkf[kj br us fojks/k vkSj
fojks/kkHkkl okyh ,d ifj;kstuk dks D;ksa Lohd`r fd;k x;k\
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isIlhdksyk ds izkstsDV dks dSls eatwjh feyh\ Hkkjr eas ftruk fojks/k isIlh dksyk ds vkus ij gqvk] mruk fdlh vU; fons”kh dEiuh ds ckjs esa
ugha gqvk gSA lekpkji=ksa ,oa ehfM;k esa Hkh isIlh dksyk ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN fy[kk x;kA laln esa Hkh
isIlh dksyk ds ckjs esa dkQh cglsa gqbZaA ns”k ds dbZ Hkkxksa esa Hkh isIlh dksyk dk fojks/k gqvkA v[kckjksa esa
ftl rjg dh fjiksVZ isILkh dksyk ds ckjs esa Nih muds dqN mnkgj.k&
1½ ^^Hkkjr dks bl rduhd dh ¼lk¶V fMªad½ dksbZ t:jr ugha gS] ftl rjg dh rduhd dks ysdj
;g vejhdh isIlh dksyk vk;h gSA lk¶V fMªad ¼”khry is;½ Hkkjr dk izkFkfed {ks= ugha gSA “khry is;
,slk {ks= ugha gS ftlesa fons”kh iwath fuos”k dh t:jr gksA isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds ikl tks Hkh rduhd
gS] mls Hkkjr esa gh fodflr fd;k x;k gS vkSj mls csgrj Hkh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA^^
2½ ^^Hkkjrh; “khry is; m|ksx viuh rkdr vkSj {kerk ls gh vkxs c<+k gS vkxs Hkh c<+rk jgsxkA
Hkkjrh; “khryis; m|ksx dks fdlh fons”kh dEiuh dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA vHkh Hkkjrh; cktkj esa “khry
is;ksa ds fy;s tks Lo;aiw.kZrk gS] og fons”kh dEiuh ds vkus ls VwVsxhA^^
3½ ^^isIlh dksyk tSlh dEifu;ksa ds vejhdh xqIrpj laLFkk lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk ?kksf’kr lEcU/k gS] vkSj isIlh
dksyk dk Hkkjr vkuk [krjs dk lwpd gSA^^
4½ ^^isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds ok;ns fcYdqy Hkh /;ku nsus yk;d ugha gaSA isIlh dEiuh us fu;kZr ds tks
ok;ns fd;s gSa] os lHkh [kks[kys lkfcr gksaxs isIlh dksyk dh iwjh utj Hkkjr ds ?kjsyw cktkj ij yxh gq;h
gS vkSj ;g dEiuh Hkkjr ds ?kjsyw cktkj ij dCtk djuk pkgrh gSA^^
5½ ^^;fn isIlh dEiuh Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa vkSj d`f’k dk dqN Hkyk djuk pkgrh gS] rks mls Hkkjr ls
okil pyk tkuk pkfg,A^^
Åij fy[kh x;h lHkh ckrsa Hkkjr ds izeq[k lekpkj i=ksa eas izdkf”kr gqbZa rFkk laln ds nksuksa
lnuksa esa Hkh ppkZ esa vk;haA laln esa ljdkj dh vksj ls dbZ ckj dgk x;k fd isIlh dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa
fo”ks’k “kks/k vkSj fodkl ds dk;Z ds fy;s dgk tk;sxk] ftlls fdlkuksa dks ,oa [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx dks
ykHk gksxkA ysfdu gj ckj isIlh dh vksj ls dgk x;k fd flQZ “kks/k ,oa fodkl ds dk;Z esa isIlh dksyk
Hkkjr ds
cktkj esa “khry is; cspus dh ckr ij gh isIlh dEiuh us vf/kd tksj fn;kA Hkkjr ds dbZ laxBuksa ,oa
lekpkj i=ksa us ;g Mj O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk tSlh dEifu;k¡ Hkkjr ds cktkj
esa ,dkf/kdkj LFkkfir dj yaxhA ;g Mj ckn esa lp lkfcr gqvk vkSj vkt cktkj eas iwjh rjg ls
isIlh&dksdk dksyk dk ,dkf/kdkj cu pqdk gSA isIlh dEiuh us ges”kk ls Hkkjr esa ;gh izpkfjr fd;k fd og
rks [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx dh ,d dEiuh gS] ftlds dqy 20]000 djksM+ : ds O;kikj dk nks frgkbZ [kk|
izlaLdj.k ls gh vkrk gSA^^ ysfdu ;g ljklj >wB gSA isIlh&dksyk ges”kk ls gh “khry&is; dEiuh jgh gS
vkSj bldk iwjk cktkj “khry is; dk gh gSA
laln esa bl fo’k; ij ljdkj dh dbZ ckj f[kapkbZ dh x;h fd ljdkj viuh ?kksf’kr uhfr ds
fo#) tkdj isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa cqyk jgh gSA blh lUnHkZ esa rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h jktho
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP xka/kh dks ,d [kqyk i= lkaln fpeuHkkbZ esgrk }kjk fy[kk x;k FkkA fpeuHkkbZ esgrk dks dkaxzsl ls
fuyfEcr dj fn;k x;k FkkA bl i= easa dqN bl rjg ls fy[kk x;k & ^^
fiz; Jh jkthoth] gkaykfd eq>s dkaxzsl ls fcuk fdlh vk/kkj ds fuyfEcr dj fn;k x;k gS] fQj
Hkh esjk drZO; gS fd eSa dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds fgr esa fopkj d:¡A blfy;s ;g i= vkidks fy[k jgk gw¡A bl
i= ds ek/;e ls eSa ,d cM+h jktuSfrd Hkwy dh vksj /;ku fnykuk pkgrk gw¡] tks vkids }kjk ,oa vkidh
ikVhZ ds }kjk dh x;h gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd O;fDrxr :i ls vki us isIlh&dksyk izkstsDV dks leFkZu
nsdj Hkkjh xyrh dh gSA vHkh Hkh cgqr nsj ugha gq;h gS] ge bl xyrh dks Bhd dj ldrs gSaA gesa bl
isIlh izkstsDV dks ykxw djus esa nsjh djuh pkfg,] rkfd gesa fQj ls bl izkstsDV ds ckjs eas lkspus dk
ekSdk feysA vkidks iatkc ;k=k esa ;g crk;k x;k fd] isIlh dksyk izkstsDV dh ckr dkaxzsl ds fy;s
ykHkdkjh gksxh] ysfdu vkidh igyh iatkc ;k=k vPNh ugha jghA gesa bl isIlh izkstsDV ds dbZ igyqvksa
ij fQj ls fopkj djuk gksxkA lcls egRoiw.kZ ;g gS fd yksx ekurs gSa fd isIlh&dksyk izkstsDV ds ihNs
vkidk iwjk gkFk gS vkSj vk”khZokn gSA dkaxzsl ikVhZ dks pquko ds le; bldk Hkqxrku djuk iM+sxkA gekjs
ns”k ds yksx bl isIlh izkstsDV dks jktho xka/kh ds usr`Ro okyh dkaxzsl dh] vehjksa ds fgr esa cuk;h tkus
okyh uhfr ds :i esa gh ns[ksaxsA ftl ns”k esa yksxksa dks ihus dk ikuh ykus ds fy;s ehyksa iSny tkuk
iM+rk gks] mlh ns”k esa isIlh dEiuh ds “khry is; dk fcduk] yk[kksa&djksM+kas Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds fy;s ¼tks
thou dh cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa ls oafpr gSa½ vieku tSlk gh gksxkA ftl rjg cksQkslZ rksi lkSns esa gekjh
cnukeh gq;h gS] mlh rjg blesa Hkh gksxhA ftl fu;kZr ds vk/kkj ij vkius isIlh izkstsDV dks
gjh >.Mh fn[kkbZ gS] og fu;kZr dk rdZ yksxksa dks Lohdkj ugha gksxkA vkus okys pqukoksa esa ;g isIlh
izkstsDV yksxksa dh utj esa [kVdsxk] vkSj gekjh ikVhZ dks ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA isIlh
dksyk ,d egkdk; dEiuh gS] tks fdlh Hkh ljdkj dk lEeku ugha djrh gSA gesa bl isIlh izkstsDV dks
iwjh rjg ls cUn djuk gksxkA^^
iwoZ lkaln fpeuHkkbZ esgrk }kjk fy[ks x;s bl i= ds ckn lu~ 1989 esa jktho xka/kh dh vkSj
dkaxzsl ikVhZ dh pqukoksa eas ijkt; gq;hA mlds ckn jktho xka/kh us Lo;a ^^laMs^^ if=dk dks fn, ,d
lk{kkRdkj esa Lohdkj fd;k fd ^^isIlh izkstsDV cgqr cqjk gSA^^ blh lk{kkRdkj esa jktho xka/kh us dgk fd
^^tc ;g isIlh izkstsDV Lohd`r fd;k x;k Fkk] rc Bhd Fkk^^A blh rjg 13 flrEcj 1986 esa bUnzdqekj
xqtjky ¼tks ckn esa Hkkjr ds iz/kkueU=h Hkh cus½ us ,d [kqyk i= iz/kkueU=h ds uke fy[kk] tks
VkbEl vkQ bf.M;k lekpkj&i= esa Hkh NikA bl i= esa fy[kk x;k ^^Jheku~] vkt dy isIlh dksyk
dEiuh ds leFkZu ,oa fojks/k esa cgqr lkjs rdZ&fordZ i<+us ,oa lquus dks fey jgs gSaA bu lHkh
dks tkuus ls ,d fu’d’kZ rks t:j fudyrk gS fd bl isIlh izkstsDV ds ihNs dqN fufgr LokFkZ Hkh dke
dj jgs gSaA isIlh ds leFkZu esa lcls cM+k rdZ ;g gS fd Hkkjr ds [kk| izlaLdj.k ,oa gkVhZdYpj ds
fy;s cgqr mi;ksxh gksxhA ysfdu esjk ;g ekuuk gS fd Hkkjrh; [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx dk fodkl djus
ds fy;s fdlh fons”kh dEiuh dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA isIlh dksyk dEiuh dh vksj ls tks iSdst Hkkjr
ljdkj ds lkeus is”k fd;k x;k gS] mlh rjg ds izLrko nf{k.kh vejhdh ns”kksa dh ljdkjksa ds lkeus Hkh
bu vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds }kjk is”k fd;s x;s FksA ysfdu lHkh nf{k.kh vejhdh ns”k mu izLrkoksa dks
Lohdkj djds cjckn gks x;sA bu fons”kh dEifu;ksa us nf{k.k vejhdk ds fdlkuksa dks iwjh rjg ls cjckn
dj fn;k FkkA eq>s yxrk gS fd Hkkjr esa [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx] Qy ,oa ckxokuh m|ksx esa Økafr gksuh
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fdlh ,d dk lef/kdkj ugha gSA nqfu;k esa dbZ NksVs ns”k tSls] cYxkfj;k vkSj xzhl us Hkh bl [kk|
izlaLdj.k dh rduhd esa egkjr gkfly dh gSA ;g rduhd [kqys cktkj esa vklkuh ls miyC/k gSA isIlh
dEiuh ds }kjk izLrkfor djkj gekjs Hkkjr ds fgr esa ugha gSA nqfu;k ds vR;Ur vfodflr ns”kkas esa rks
isIlh izLrko dh dksbZ t:jr gks ldrh gS] ysfdu Hkkjr esa bldh dksbZ t:jr ughaA isIlh dEiuh Hkkjr
ds fdlkuksa dk cgqr uqdlku djsxh] D;ksafd isIlh tSlh lHkh vejhdh dEifu;ksa dh vknr ,dkf/kdkj ds
lkFk O;kikj djus dh jgh gSA gekjs fdlku ,d fons”kh dEiuh ds jgeksdje ij fuHkZj gks tk;a] ;g
fcYdqy vPNk ugha gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk Hkkjr esa vkuk ,d xyr “kq#vkr gS ftlls] vkus okys
le; esa vU; vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds fy;s Hkh Hkkjr esa ,d jkLrk [kqy tk;sxkA Hkkjr esa cgqr NksVs
mn~ns”;ksa vkSj vius LokFkZ ds fy;s dke djus okys jktuhfrKksa dks ;s fons”kh dEifu;k¡ vius fy;s ykWch
cukus ds fy;s mi;ksx djrh gSaA ;g ykWch Hkkjrh; uhfr;ksa dks tks le; fl) [kjh mrjha gSa] cny nsxh]
;g ns”k ds fy;s [krjukd gksxkA^^
isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds fojks/k esa tc bl rjg ds [kqys i= iz/kkueU=h dks fy[ks tkus yxs] rks fQj
bl dEiuh us ,d u;k rjhdk viuk;kA bl dEiuh ds deZpkfj;ksa us iatkc ds dqN xkaoksa esa tkdj
fdlkuksa dks cgyk&Qqlykdj vius leFkZu eas ,d gLrk{kj vfHk;ku pyk;kA yxHkx bl rjg ls 20]000
gLrk{kj Hkkjr ljdkj dks lkSais x;sA Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkeus ;g is”k fd;k x;k fd isIlh&dksyk dks
Hkkjr esaa fdlku Hkh pkgrs gSaA ijks{k:i ls Hkkjr ljdkj dks ;g /kedh Hkh nh x;h fd ;fn ljdkj us
isIlh&dksyk izkstsDV dks eatwjh ugha nh rks iatkc eas fdlkuksa dk oksV dkaxzsl ikVhZ ¼tks ml le; ljdkj
esa Fkh½ dks ugha feysxkA bl gLrk{kj vfHk;ku esa isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds vferkHk ik.Ms ,oa xksdqy
iVuk;d uke ds cM+s&cM+s vf/kdkjh “kkfey FksA
isIlh dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj ij ncko Mkyus ds fy;s rRdkyhu iatkc esa py jgs
mxzokn&vkradokn dk Hkh Hkjiwj iz;ksx fd;kA isIlh dEiuh us viuh vksj ls ,d izpkj vfHk;ku pyk;k
fd] ^^iatkc dh lHkh vkfFkZd&jktuSfrd leL;kvksa dk lek/kku isIlh izkstsDV ds Lohd`r gks tkus esa gh
gS^^A isIlh dEiuh us ;g Hkh izpkj v[kckjksa ds }kjk djk;k fd ^^;fn isIlh izkstDV dks tYn Lohdkj ugha
fd;k x;k rks iatkc dh vkfFkZd leL;k;sa Hkh c<asxh vkSj bu leL;kvksa ds c<+us ls vkradokn Hkh
c<+sxkA^^ isIlh dh vksj ls v[kckjksa esa iSls nsdj ys[k Niok;s x;s fd bl dEiuh ls Hkkjr ds 50]000
yksxksa dks jkstxkj feysxkA
nwljh vksj isIlh dEiuh us Hkkjrh; “khry is; dEiuh ikjys ds f[kykQ ,d izpkj vfHk;ku “kq:
fd;kA ikjys ds fo:) isIlh us cM+s&cM+s iksLVj ,oa i=d cuk;s] v[kckjksa esa foKkiu fn;sA buesa dgk
x;k fd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds Hkkjr esa vkus ij izfr;ksfxrk c<+sxh] yksxksa dks lLrh dher ij “khry
is; ihus dks feysxk] ikjys dEiuh dk ,dkf/kdkj VwVsxk vkfnA ysfdu vkt isIlh&dksyk vkSj
dksdk&dksyk tSlh vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds vkus ds ckn Hkkjrh; cktkj esa iwjk ,dkf/kdkj bu nksuksa
dEifu;ksa dk gh gks x;k gSA Hkkjrh; dEiuh ^ikjys^ cktkj ls xk;c gks x;hA igys yksxksa dks 300 feyh]
“khry is; dh cksry 3-50 :- rd esa feyrh Fkh tks c<+rs&c<+rs 10 :- izfr cksry rd igq¡p x;hA isIlh
dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa us Hkkjr dh dbZ NksVh&NksVh LFkkuh; ckWVfyax dEifu;ksa dks [kjhn
fy;k] ;k ‘kM+;a= djds can djk fn;kA isIlh dksyk dEiuh us ;g dke cgqr gh prqjkbZ ls fd;kA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP e/;izns”k ds ,d m|ksxifr ,oa ckWVfyax IykUV ds ekfyd ,e-ih-t;iqfj;k ds usr`Ro esa isIlh dksyk ds
leFkZu ls ,d laxBu cuk;k x;kA bl laxBu esa NksVs&NksVs ckWVfyax IykUVksa ds ekfydksa dks “kkfey
djk;k x;k vkSj iSls ds nckc esa bu lHkh us isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk nkeu idM+ fy;kA
isIlhdksyk dEiuh ds izkstsDV dks Hkkjr esa eatwjh feyus esa yxHkx 2 lky yxsA bu iwjs 2 lkyksa
rd vejhdh ljdkj dk nckc Hkkjr ljdkj ij iM+rk jgkA vejhdh ljdkj ds rRdkyhu mijk’Vªifr
tktZ cq”k ¼tks ckn esa vejhdk ds jk’Vªifr Hkh cus] vkSj vkt vejhdh jktuhfr{ks= esa mUgsa lhfu;j cq”k
dgk tkrk gS] vFkkZr orZeku vejhdh jk’Vªifr tktZ cq”k ds firk lhfu;j tktZ cq”k½] vejhdh ljdkj
dh okf.kT; ea=h dkykZ fgYl ,oa Hkkjr esa vejhdh jktnwr dh vksj ls Hkkjr ljdkj dks ncko Hkjs i=
vkSj lans”k vkrs jgsA vejhdh ljdkj dh vksj ls Hkkjr ljdkj dks lqij&301 vkSj Lis”ky&301 dkuwuksa
ds izko/kkuksa ds vk/kkj ij dk;Zokgh djus dh /kedh nh tkrh jghA isIlh dksyk dEiuh dk rRdkyhu
eqf[k;k MksukYM dsaMy Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj vejhdh ljdkj ds chp esa fcpkSfy;s dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk jgkA
Hkkjr ljdkj dks ckj&ckj ;g dgk x;k fd ;fn isIlh izkstsDV dks eatwjh ugha feyh rks fQj Hkkjr esa
fons”kh iwath fuos”k :d tk;sxkA bUgha lkjs nckoksa esa rRdkyhu iz/kkueU=h jktho xka/kh us isIlh izkstsDV dks
eatwjh nhA
jktho xka/kh ds eu esa isIlhdksyk izkstsDV dks ysdj ,d jktuSfrd Hk; iSnk gks x;kA ,d vksj rks
vejhdk dh ukjktxh dk Hk;] rks nwljh vksj viuh ikVhZ esa lkalnksa dk Hk; jktho xka/kh dsk lrkus yxkA
dkaxzsl ikVhZ eas dbZ lkalnksa us vU; lkalnksa ds lkFk feydj jktho xka/kh dks i= fy[kus “kq: dj fn;sA
nwljh vksj laln ds vUnj gjhd`’.k “kkL=h ¼iwoZ iz/kkueU=h Jh yky cgknqj “kkL=h ds cM+s csVs½ us 52
lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj ls ;qDr ,d Kkiu isIlh dksyk ds fojks/k esa jktho xka/kh dks lkSaikA blds ckn isIlh
dEiuh us vius ,d vf/kdkjh jes”k oaxy dks lkeus yk;kA jes”k oaxy us isIlh dksyk ds leFkZu esa
laln es vanj&ckgj ykWfcax djokuk “kq: fd;kA iz/kkueU=h dk;kZy; esa isIlh us vius ,stsUV fu;qDr
djk;s] tks gj QSlys dh tkudkjh isIlh ds Åij rd ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks igq¡pk;k djrs FksA bUgha ,stsUVksa
dh enn ls mu lHkh lkalnksa dks isIlh dksyk ds i{k esa ykus dk dk;Z fd;k x;k] ftUgksaus isIlh dksyk ds
fojks/k esa jktho xka/kh dks Kkiu fn;k FkkA
gjhd`’.k “kkL=h ds NksVs HkkbZ vfuy “kkL=h ¼iwoZ iz/kkueU=h Jh yky cgknqj “kkL=h ds NksVs csVs½
dks isIlh dEiuh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk izHkkfor fd;k x;k] ftUgksaus ckn esa vius cM+s HkkbZ gjhd`’.k”kkL=h
dks isIlhdksyk ds leFkZu ds fy;s rS;kj fd;kA /khjs&/khjs gjhd`’.k “kkL=h us isIlh dk fojks/k djuk can
dj fn;k] vkSj ckn esa ,dne “kkar gksdj cSB x;sA “kkL=h ds csVs lat; us Hkh blesa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk;hA
lat; ml le; I;ksj fMªaDl dEiuh ds fy, ckWVfyax dk dke djrs FksA ckn esa I;ksj fMªaDl dEiuh ds
lHkh ckWVfyax dk dke djus okys yksx ;k rks isIlh dksyk ds lkFk pys x;s ;k dksdk dksyk ds lkFk pys
x;sA isIlh dksyk dEiuh us vius fy;s lkalnksa dk leFkZu tqVkus ds fy;s VkVk xqzi dh dEiuh oksYVkl
ds vf/kdkjh tkfgn csx dk mi;ksx fd;kA tkfgn csx dk HkkbZ dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dk cM+k vf/kdkjh
FkkA tkfgn csx ds ,d lg;ksxh d`’.ku us nf{k.k Hkkjrh; lkalnksa dks isIlh ds leFkZu esa tqVkuk “kq:
fd;kA isIlh dEiuh dh j.kuhfr Fkh fd nf{k.k Hkkjrh; lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj gh tqVk;s tk;as] D;ksafd isIlh
ds fojks/k esa ftu lkalnksa us gLrk{kj ;qDr Kkiu jktho xka/kh dks fn;k Fkk] os vf/kdka”k lkaln mRrj
Hkkjr ds FksA blh j.kuhfr ds rgr nf{k.k Hkkjr ds lkaln Mk- jkts”oju dks lcls igys lEidZ fd;k
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP x;kA isIlh dEiuh ds lHkh cM+s vf/kdkjh jes”koaxy] vferkHk ik.Ms] tkfgj csx] d`’.ku rFkk rRdkyhu
dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds lfpo vfuy”kkL=h yxkrkj lkaln Mk- jkts”oju ds lEidZ esa jgsA Mk- jkts”oju
rfeyukMq ls lkaln Fks] tks fQYeh nqfu;k ls jktuhfr esa vk;s FksA Mk- jkts”oju ds lg;ksx ls
fr:fpjkiYyh ds dkaxzsl lkaln vMSdyjkt dks isIlh ds leFkZu ds fy;s rS;kj fd;k x;kA vMSdyjkt
rfeyukMq ds cgqr cM+s “kjkc m|ksxifr gqvk djrs FksA isIlh dEiuh us ^fMuj fMIykseslh^ dk Hkjiwj
bLrseky djuk “kq: fd;kA vMSdyjkt us isIlh dEiuh ds lkFk lkSnsckth djuk “kq: fd;kA isIlh
dEiuh us nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vMSdyjkt dks viuk ÝSapkblh cukus dk lkSnk dj fy;kA cnys esa
vMSdyjkt us nf{k.k Hkkjrh; lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj isIlh ds leFkZu esa tqVkuk “kq: dj fn;kA bl izfØ;k
esa dbZ ,sls lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj Hkh isIlh dEiuh ds leFkZu esa fy;s x;s] ftUgksaus iwoZ esa isIlh dEiuh ds
fojks/k esa gLrk{kj fd;s FksA rfeyukMq izns”k ds 48 lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj isIlh dEiuh ds leFkZu esa fy;s
x;sA blesa ckn esa 8 vkSj ,sls lkalnksa us gLrk{kj fd;s] tks lHkh iwoZ esa isIlh dEiuh ds izkstsDV ds
fojks/k esa gLrk{kj ;qDr Kkiu jktho xka/kh dks ns pqds FksA bl izdj.k ls ;g lkQ gks tkrk gS fd gekjs
lalnh; yksdrU= dks bu LokFkhZ] vuSfrd] xSj ftEesnkj] vkSj Hkz’V lkalnksa us ,d rjg ls oSpkfjd
os”;ko`fÙk cuk fn;k gSA bl rjg isIlhdksyk ds leFkZu esa 54 lkalnksa us gLrk{kj dj fn;sA 15 vxLr
1986 dks ;s lHkh 54 lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj isIlh dEiuh dks lkSais x;sA ckn esa bu gLrk{kjksa dks jktho
xka/kh dks fn;k x;kA blh 15 vxLr 1986 dks isIlh dksyk dEiuh us lkaln vMSdyjkt ds lkFk ,d
O;kikfjd le>kSrk fd;k (Franchise Agreement), ftlds vk/kkj ij nf{k.k Hkkjr esa isIlh dEiuh dk
O;kikfjd lkezkT; LFkkfir gqvkA
isIlh dEiuh ds eq[; vf/kdkjh jes”k oaxy us lkalnksa dks vius leFkZu esa djus ds ckn fQj dbZ
jkT;ksa ds eq[;eaf=;ksa dks vius izHkko esa ysuk “kq: fd;kA bldM+h esa lcls igys tEew&d”ehj ds
rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Qk#[k vCcnqYyk rFkk fgekapy izns”k ds rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h ohj Hknz flag dks izHkko
eas fy;k x;kA bu nksuksa eq[;ea=h;ksa dh vksj ls iz/kkuea=h jktho xka/kh dks isIlh izkstsDV dks leFkZu djus
okys i= fy[ks x;sA iatkc ljdkj ds dbZ vf/kdkjh tks isIlh&dksyk ds fojks/k esa Fks] mUgsa vejhdk dh
;k=k djk;h x;hA vejhdk dh ;k=k ls ykSVrs gh bu vf/kdkfj;ksa dk iwjk fopkj ,oa gn; ifjorZu gks
x;k vkSj ;s lHkh vf/kdkjh tks iwoZ esa fojks/kh Fks isIlhdksyk ds leFkZu esa vk x;sA dbZ ckj ,slk Hkh gqqvk
fd isIlh dEiuh ds vf/kdkjh jes”k oaxy }kjk fy[ks x;s i=ksa ij gh lkalnksa us gLrk{kj dj fn;s vkSj
fQj og i= iz/kkueU=h jktho xka/kh ds ikl Hkstk x;kA jktho xka/kh dks ;g iRkk Hkh ugha pyk gksxk fd] tks
Kkiu ;k i= vkfn lkalnksa dh vksj ls isIlh ds leFkZu esa mUgsa fn;s x;s] os okLro esa isIlh dEiuh ds
eq[; vf/kdkjh jes”k caxy }kjk gh fy[ks x;s FksA
19 flrEcj 1988 dks jktho xka/kh us isIlh&dskyk ds izkstsDV dks vfUre :i ls eatwjh ns fn;kA
gkyk¡fd jktho xka/kh ds eq[; lfpo xksih vjksjk us Hkh dkQh fojks/k fd;kA mUgksaus jktho xka/kh dks dkQh
le>kus dh dksf”k”k fd bl izkstsDV dks eatwjh nsus ds ifj.kke dkQh [kjkc gksaxsA ysfdu jktho xka/kh us
xksih vjksjk dh ckr dk Hkh /;ku ugha fn;kA ftl ea=ky; dh vksj ls isIlhdksyk izkstsDV dks eatwjh nh
x;h ,oa ?kks’k.kk dh x;h og eU=ky; [kk| ,oa izlaLdj.k ea=ky; FkkA blesa ml le; eU=h gqvk
djrs Fks] txnh”k VkbZVyjA 19 flrEcj 1988 dh “kke 8 ctdj 40 feuV ij nwjn”kZu lekpkjksa esa]
ljdkj ds }kjk isIlh&dksyk dh ifj;kstuk eatwjh dk lekpkj vk;kA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP Hkkjr ljdkj us isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks ftu “krksZa ds vk/kkj ij eatwjh nh os “krsZa bl izdkj
Fkh %
1½ bl ifj;kstuk ls iwjs ns”k esa 50]000 yksxksa dks vkSj iatkc esa 25]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj feysxkA
vFkkZr isIlh ifj;kstuk ls dqy feykdj 75]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj feysxkA
2½ iatkc izns”k eas iSnk gksus okys dqy Qy vkSj lfCt;ksa dk 25% izlaLdj.k bl ifj;kstuk }kjk gksxkA
3½ bl ifj;kstuk ls Hkkjr esa [kk| izlaLdj.k dh og rduhd yk;h tk;sxh tks ns”k eas miyC/k ugha
gSA bl rduhd dh enn ls Hkkjr dk fu;kZr c<+sxkA
4½ dqy ifj;kstuk ykxr dk 74% [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= esa gh yxk;k tk;sxkA
5½ isIlh dEiuh ds dqy mRiknu dk 50% fu;kZr fd;k tk;sxkA
6½ isIlh dEiuh vius dqy mRiknu ewY; ds 25% ds gh “khry is; dk mRiknu dj ldsxhA
7½ bl ifj;kstuk ls 174 djksM+ :- dk vfrfjDr jktLo ¼VSDl½ izfro’kZ ljdkj dks feysxkA
8½ isIlh&dksyk dEiuh tc 5 Mkyj ewY; ds cjkcj dk Hkkjr ls fu;kZr djsxh rc 1 Mkyj ds
cjkcj ewY; dk vk;kr dj ldsxhA vFkkZr isIlhdks ftruk vk;kr djsxh] mldk ikap xquk fu;kZr djuk
iM+sxkA
9½ isIlh&dksyk dEiuh viuk lk¶V fMªad ¼”khry is;½ dk dalUVªsV ¼“khris; cukus ds fy;s t:jh
?kksy½ Hkkjr esa gh rS;kj djsxh] bls vejhdk ls vk;kr ugha fd;k tk;sxkA
10½ isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk esa vf/kdre iw¡th Hkkjrh; lg;ksxh tSls oksYVkl ,oa iatkc ,xzks bUMLVªht
dkjiksjs”ku ds ikl jgsxhA
11½ isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks vius fu;kZr ok;nksa dks 10 lky rd fuHkkuk iM+sxkA vFkkZr isIlh&dksyk
ftruk ewY; dk mRiknu djsxh] mldk 50% yxkrkj 10 lkyksa rd fu;kZr djrh jgsxhA
12½ isIlh&dksyk dEiuh equkQk dek dj vius ns”k vejhdk rHkh ys tk ldsxh] tc fd og fu;kZr
dks iwjk djsA vFkkZr 5 Mkyj dk fu;kZr djds gh ;g dEiuh 1 Mkyj Hkkjr ls ys tk ldsxhA
13½ isIlh dEiuh dks tks dqN Hkh vk;kr djuk gksxk] og cgqr t:jh gksxk rHkh gks ldsxkA vFkkZr~
dEiuh xSj t:jh vk;kr ugha dj ldsxhA vk;kr Hkh Hkkjr ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa ,oa dkuwuksa ds vk/kkj ij
gh gks ldsxkA
14½ ifj;kstuk Lohd`r gksus ds igys gh lky esa isIlh dEiuh dks 20 djksM+ :- dk lkeku Hkkjr ls
fu;kZr djuk iM+sxkA
15½ isIlh dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa [kk| ,oa d`f’k izlaLdj.k dk ,d “kks/k dsUnz [kksyuk iM+sxkA ;g “kks/k
dsUnz Hkkjrh; d`f’k vuqla/kku dsUnz ,oa d`f’k fo”ofo|ky;] yqf/k;kuk dh ns[k&js[k esa pysxkA
16½ Hkkjr esa isIlh&dksyk dEiuh vius fdlh Hkh eky ij fons”kh ¼vejhdh½ czkaM&uke
bLrseky ugha djsxhA
bu lHkh “krksZa ds vk/kkj ij gh isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks Lohd`r fd;k x;kA ysfdu vkt 15
lky iwjs gksus ds ckn Hkh isIlh dEiuh us ,d Hkh “krZ iwjh ugha dh gSA isIlh dEiuh us Qjojh 1989 esa
gksf”k;kjiqj esa tgwjk uked LFkku ij ,d QSDVjh cukbZ ftlesa VekVj dh pVuh vkSj lkWl cukus dh
ckr dgh x;hA fQj twu 1989 esa isIlh dEiuh us iatkc esa NUuks uked LFkku ij ,d “khry is; ¼lk¶V
fMªad½ dh QSDVjh yxk;hA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP tc isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh ifj;kstuk dks Hkkjr esa eatwjh nh tk jgh Fkh ml le; dksdk&dksyk
dEiuh [kkeks”kh ds lkFk ;g lc ns[k jgh FkhA bl dksdk&dksyk dks 1977 esa Hkkjr ls Hkxk;k x;k FkkA
1977 dh rRdkyhu turk ljdkj us dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dk ykbZlsal fujLr dj fn;k FkkA ysfdu ;gh
dksdk&dksyk Hkkjr esa fQj ls vkus ds fy;s jkLrk [kkstus yxhA tSls gh isIlh ifj;kstuk dks izkFkfed
eatwjh 1986 esa feyh] dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us vius fo”ks’kKksa dh ,d Vhe dks Hkkjr Hkst fn;kA
dksdk&dksyk dh Vhe us Hkkjr vkdj isIlh&dksyk ds Hkkjr ljdkj ls gq;s djkj dk v/;;u fd;kA blh
djkj dks /;ku esa j[kdj dksdk&dksyk us Hkh vius fy;s ,d u;k djkj Hkkjr ljdkj ls djus dk
r; fd;kA blds fy;s dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj dh fo”ks’k fu;kZr {ks= (Export Prousing Zones) cukus dh uhfr dk Qk;nk mBk;kA Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkkjr dk] fu;kZr vk/kkfjr fodkl djus
dk] QSlyk fd;k FkkA blds fy;s fo”ks’k fu;kZr {ks= cuk;s x;s] tgk¡ ij yxus okyh vkS|ksfxd bZdkbZ;ksa
dks 100% fu;kZr djus ds fy;s izksRlkgu fn;k tkus yxkA bu fo”ks’k fu;kZr {ks=ksa dk ,d fu;e Fkk] fd
;gk¡ cuus okyh dksbZ Hkh oLrq Hkkjrh; cktkj esa ugha fcdsxhA ckn esa Hkkjr ljdkj us fons”kh dEiuh
dksdk&dksyk ds ncko esa bl uhfr dks FkksM+k cny fn;kA fQj ,d ubZ uhfr cuk;h x;h fd] fo”ks’k
fu;kZr {ks= esa bZdkbZ yxkus okyh dEiuh dks dqy mRikn dk 25% Hkkjrh; cktkj esa cspus dh NwV gksxhA
dksdk&dksyk us blh ljdkjh fu;kZr {ks= dh ;kstuk ds vk/kkj ij uks;Mk fu;kZr {ks= esa ,d
vkS|ksfxd bZdkbZ yxkus ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkeus izzLrko j[kkA blesa 25% mRiknu Hkkjrh; cktkj
esa cspus ds fy;s izLrkfor fd;k x;kA ftl rjg ls isIlh dksyk us jktuSfrd ncko Mkyus ds fy,
lkalnksa dks vius leFkZu esa [kM+k djus dk] eq[;eaf=;ksa dks viuh vksj feykus dk dk;Z fd;k] Bhd mlh
rjg ls dksdk&dksyk us Hkh djuk “kq# fd;kA vkSj Hkkjrh; lalnh; yksdrU= ds Hkz’Vkpkj] LokFkZokn
vkSj oSpkfjd os”;ko`fÙk ds pyrs dksdk&dksyk dks Hkh Hkkjr esa eatwjh fey x;hA dksdk&dksyk dks ftl
vk/kkj ij eatwjh feyh] mlh dks vk/kkj cukdj ,d vkSj izLrko Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkeus isIlh&dksyk
dEiuh us is”k fd;kA bl nwljs izLrko ds fy;s isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us rRdkyhu iatkc ds jkT;iky
fl)kFkZ “kadj jk; dk lgkjk fy;kA fl)kFkZ “kadj jk; us lu~ 1977 esa dksdk&dksyk ds ykbZlasl jn~n
djus dk cgqr fojks/k fd;k FkkA fl)kFkZ “kadj jk; Hkkjrh; laln esa ges”kk ls fons”kh iw¡th vkSj fons”kh
dEifu;ksa ds leFkZu djus ds fy;s e”kgwj jgsA dksdk&dksyk ds izLrko dks eatwjh okf.kT; ea=ky; ls
feyh] ftleas ea=h Fks fnus”k flagA ysfdu etsnkj ckr ;g gqbZ fd] isIlh&dskyk dEiuh dk izLrko [kk|
izlaLdj.k ea=ky; }kjk Lohd`r fd;k x;k vkSj dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dk izLrko okf.kT; ea=ky; }kjk
Lohd`r fd;k x;kA ysfdu dksdk&dksyk dEiuh ds izLrko dh fojks/k [kk| izlaLdj.k ea=ky; txnh”k
VkbZVyj }kjk dkQh fd;k x;k] tcfd bUgha ea=h] txnh”k VkbZVyj vkSj muds ea=ky; us isIlh&dksyk
dEiuh dk iwjh rkdr ls leFkZu fd;kA bl lUnHkZ eas okf.kT; ea=h fnus”k flag ,oa [kk| izlaLdj.k ea=h
txnh”k VkbZVyj ds chp i=ksa }kjk dkQh fookn Hkh gqvkA
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isIlh dksyk dEiuh }kjk Hkkjr
ljdkj dks fn;s x;s /kks[ks
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us viuh ifj;kstuk dh eatwjh ds rqjar ckn gh Hkkjr ljdkj dks /kks[ks
nsus “kq# fd;sA lcls igyk /kks[kk ifj;kstuk ykxr dks c<+kdj fn;k x;kA tc ifj;kstuk Lohd`r gqbZ
Fkh] rc mldh ykxr 22 djksM+ #i;s j[kh x;h Fkh] ysfdu isIlh us bls c<+kdj 75 djksM+ #i;s dj
fn;k] vkSj bl rjg Hkkjr ns”k ls 53 djksM+ #i;s vejhdk Hkst fn;k x;kA tc bl ckjs esa Hkkjr ljdkj
}kjk isIlh dEiuh ls iwNrkN dh x;h rks dEiuh us fnlEcj 1989 esa crk;k fd le; chrus ds lkFk
ifj;kstuk dh ykxr Hkh c<+ xbZ gSA isIlh dEiuh us vejhdk ls yk;h x;h e”khujh dh dherksa dks
vuki&”kuki c<+kdj gh bl ykxr dks c<+k;kA rduhdh Hkk’kk esa bldks ^^vksoj buok;flax^^ dgk tkrk
gSA vFkkZr vejhdk esa dksbZ e”khu dh okLrfod dher ;fn 1 djksM+ Mkyj gks rks mls c<+kdj 3 djksM+
Mkyj dj fn;k tk; rks ml e”khu dks Hkkjr ykus esa 2 djksM+ Mkyj lh/ks vejhdk dh isIlh dEiuh ds
[kkrs esa ykHk ds :i esa tek gks tk;sxkA blh rjg isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ls vk;kfrr e”khuksa dh dherksa
dks c<+kdj 53 djksM+ :i;s Hkkjr ds isIlh&dksyk ds [kkrs ls vejhdk dh isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds [kkrs esa
Hkst fn;sA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us lkekU; :i ls 200 ls 300 izfr”kr rd ^^vksoj buok;flax^^ fd;kA
isIlh dEiuh dks Hkkjrh; foRrh; laLFkkvksa us 43 djksM+ :i;s dk dtZ fn;kA /;ku nsus dh ckr gS
fd iwjs 75 djksM+ :- dh ykxr okyh ifj;kstuk dks Hkkjr esa gh 43 djksM+ :- dk dtkZ fey x;kA bl
dtsZ dks fnyokus esa dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds rRdkyhu lfpo vfuy “kkL=h dh izeq[k Hkwfedk jghA ;g dtkZ
vkbZ-,Q-lh-vkbZ- us fn;k FkkA ;g dtkZ isIlh&dksyk dEiuh }kjk crk;h x;h laHkkfor fcØh ds vk/kkj ij
fn;k x;k] tks vius vki esa cgqr gh gSjkuh dh ckr gSA okLrfodrk ;g jgh fd isIlh&dksyk us tks Hkh
laHkkfor fcØh crk;h og xyr lkfcr gqbZA isIlh dEiuh us vius [kk| inkFkksZa dh fcØh dh laHkkouk
yxHkx 13 djksM+ #- crk;h Fkh og okLro eas 2 djksM+ #- dh gh gqbZA tcfd bl 2 djksM+ #- dh fcØh
esa 1 djksM+ #- rks foKkiuckth esa gh [kpZ fd;s FksA blh rjg isIlh dEiuh us laHkkfor
fcØh ds >wBs vk¡dMs+ fn[kkdj Hkkjrh; cSadksa ,oa foRrh; laLFkkvksa ls dtkZ ysuk “kq# fd;kA lu~ 1990 vkSj
1991 esa nksuksa gh o’kksZa esa isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us vius fu;kZr dh “krksZa dks iwjk ugha fd;kA vFkkZr nks
o’kksZard yxkrkj bl dEiuh us ,d Mkyj Hkh Hkkjr ns”k dks dek dj ugha fn;kA igys lky isIlh ds
laHkkfor fcØh ds 13 djksM+ #- c<+dj nwljs lky ds fy;s 25 djksM+ #- gks x;sA
isIlh dksyk dEiuh dh bl /kks[kk/kM+h ds ckjs esa laln esa dbZ ckj iz”u mBk;s x;sA [kkldj lh-
ih-vkbZ- ¼,e-½ ds lkaln nhisu ?kks’k us lcls vf/kd loky bl ckjs esa fd;sA 52 lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj okyh
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP ,d ;kfpdk ljdkj ds lkeus is”k dh x;h] ftlesa isIlh dEiuh dh /kks[k/kM+h dh tk¡p djus ds fy;s
dgk x;k FkkA iatkc ds iwoZ eq[; eU=h vkSj dkaxzslh usrk njckjk flag us Hkh isIlh dh /kks[kk/kM+h dh tk¡p
djus ds fy;s ljdkj dks dgk] yssfdu dqN Hkh ugha gqvkA
75 djksM+ #i;s okyh ifj;kstuk esa isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh “kq#vkrh iw¡th (initial paidup Capital)) Hkkx 10 djksM+ dh FkhA ysfdu igys gh lky esa isIlh dksyk dEiuh us 53 djksM+ #i;s vejhdk dks Hkst
fn;sA bl 75 djksM+ dh ifj;kstuk esa 43 djksM+ #- Hkkjrh; foRrh; laLFkkvksa ls dtZ ds :i esa fy;s
x;sA ckdh ds cps gq;s esa oksYVkl dEiuh ,oa iatkc ,xzks b.MLVªht dkjiksjs”ku dh fgLlsnkjh FkhA
oksYVkl ds fgLls esa 6 djksM+ #- rFkk iatkc ,xzks ds fgLls esa 8 djksM+ #- dk izkFkfed iwath fuos”k jgkA
isIlh dEiuh us ,d vkSj /kks[kk/kM+h e”khuksa ds vk;kr djus esa fd;kA lkekU; :i ls Hkkjr eas ;g
fu;e gS fd tc dksbZ dEiuh ckgj ds ns”kksa ls e”khusa ;k lkeku vk;kr djrh gS] rks dtZ nsus okyh
laLFkkvkas dks lcdqN crkuk iM+rk gSA fdl dEiuh ls] dgk¡ ls vkSj fdruk vk;kr fd;k tk jgk gS] blh
fu;e ds rgr tc isIlh dEiuh us vkbZ-,Q-lh-vkbZ- ls dtkZ fy;k rks crk;k x;k fd isIlh&dksyk
dEiuh Mykl ¼vejhdk½ fLFkr dEiuh ^^Øap cSjsy QwM~l dkjiksjs”ku^^ ls lHkh e”khuksa dk vk;kr djsxhA
ysfdu [kkst djus ij irk pyk fd Mykl esa ^^Øap cSjsy QwM~l dkjiksjs”ku^^ uke dh dksbZ dEiuh gh
ugha FkhA isIlh dEiuh dh vksj ls bl mijksä dEiuh dk tks irk vkSj Qksu uEcj crk;k x;k] og iwjh
rjg ls cksxl fudykA bl isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us okLro esa tks Hkh e”khusa vk;kr dh os lc viuh gh
vejhdh isIlh dEiuh ls dhA blh ls ^^vksoj buok;flax^^ dk Qk;nk isIlh dEiuh dks gksrk jgkA ysfdu
;g Hkkjrh; dkuwu ,oa fu;eksa ds f[kykQ gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ds izoZru funs”kky; us blds ckjs esa tk¡p
dhA fQj isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Lohdkj dj fy;k fd ^^Øap cSjsy^^ uke dh dksbZ dEiuh ugha gS cfYd
isIlh&dksyk }kjk gh Hkkjr esa vk;kr djus ds fy;s ;g cuk;h x;h FkhA bruh cM+h /kks[kk/kM+hs isIlh
dEiuh dh idM+h x;h] fQj Hkh Hkkjr ljdkj us dqN Hkh ugha fd;kA
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr esa le>kSrk djrs le; Hkkjr ljdkj dks ok;nk fd;k Fkk fd iwjs
ns”k eas 75]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj isIlh dEiuh ds dkj.k feysxkA blesa ls 25]000 yksxksa dks iatkc esa ,oa
50]000 yksxksa dks iatkc ds ckgj jkstxkj nsus dh ckr isIlh&dksyk ds le>kSrs esa dgh x;h FkhA ysfdu vkt
rd isIlh dEiuh us viuk ;g ok;nk iwjk ugha fd;kA vc rks isIlh dEiuh ds vf/kdkjh ;g
Lohdkj Hkh ugha djrs gSa] fd 75]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj nsus dk mUgksaus dksbZ ok;nk fd;k FkkA rRdkyhu
[kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx ds eU=h txnh”k VkbZVyj us Hkh isIlh ifj;kstuk dh ?kks’k.kk djrs le; 75]000
yksxksa dks jkstxkj feyus dh ckr dgh FkhA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ls tc Hkh bl ckjs esa iwNk x;k] rks
tokc feyk fd dEiuh dh vksj ls dHkh Hkh dqN ugha dgk x;kA dHkh&dHkh isIlh dh vksj ls ;g dg
fn;k x;k] fd isIlh ds “khry is; dh cksryksa dks cspus okyksa dks jkst+xkj rks fn;k gSA okLrfodrk ;g gS
fd isIlh dh cksryksa dks cspusokys yksx ;k rks iku] iku elkyk vkfn csprs gSa] ;k fQj pk;] dkQh vkfn
csprs gSa] ftUgsa igys ls pk;&dkQh] iku&chM+h vkfn cspus ls jkstxkj feyk gh gqvk gSA okLro esa isIlh
dEiuh dh vksj ls ,d Hkh u;k jkstxkj fdlh dks ugha fn;k x;k gSA
isIlh&dksyk }kjk jk;YVh fy;s tkus ,oa ml jk;YVh dks vejhdk Hkstus ds ckjs esa ,d isIlh
vf/kdkjh uhy pVthZ }kjk crk;k x;k fd] ^^isIlh&dksyk dh ,d ØsV cksryksa ¼24 cksry½ dks Hkjus esa 8
#- dk lkUnz ?kksy ¼dUlUVªsV& Concentrate½ [kpZ gksrk gSA blesa 2 #- isIlh dEiuh dks tkus okyh
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP jk;YVh gS rFkk 6 #-¼dUlUVªsV& Concentrate½ lkUnz ?kksy dh vlyh dher gS^^A /;ku jgs fd isIlh
dEiuh blh 6 #- ds lkUnz ?kksy dh dher ij 24 izfr'kr mRikn dj (Exciseduty) Hkkjr ljdkj dks
nsrh gSA vFkkZr ,d ØsV ¼24 cksrysa½ tc isIlh dh cudj rS;kj gksrh gSa rks mu lHkh 24 cksryksa ij 1 #-
vkSj 44 iSls dk mRiknu dj yxkrk gSA vFkkZr~ ,d isIlh dh cksry ij 6 iSls ek= gh mRiknu dj bl
le; yx jgk gSA Hkkjr ns”k esa bl le; ¼lu~ 2003 esa½ isIlh vkSj dksdkdksyk dh dqy fcØh 7000
djksM+ #- izfro’kZ gSA bl le; vkSlru isIlh&dksdkdksyk dh ,d cksry 10 #- dh csph tkrh gSA vFkkZr
yxHkx 700 djksM+ cksry izfro’kZ isIlh o dksdkdksyk dh Hkkjr esa fcd jgh gSA ,d cksry ij 6 iSls dk
mRiknu dj Hkkjr ljdkj dks feyrk gS] rks 700 djksM+ cksryksa ij yxHkx 42 djksM+ #- Hkkjr ljdkj
dks mRikndj ds :i esa feyrk gSA Hkkjr ns”k dh dbZ jkT; ljdkjksa us isIlh o dksdkdksyk ij fcØh dj
esa 100 izfr”kr NwV nh gqbZ gSA tSls xqtjkr ljdkj] mM+hlk ljdkj] dukZVd ljdkj vkfn us iwjh rjg
ls isIlh&dksd dks dj eqDr fd;k gqvk gSA vxj eku fy;k tk; fd isIlh o dksdkdksyk dEifu;ksa dk
O;oLFkk[kpZ] foKkiu [kpZ vkSj djksa dk [kPkZ dqy fcØh dk 40 ls 50 izfr”kr gks rks gj lky ;s nksuksa
dEifu;k¡ 3500 djksM+ #i;s Hkkjr ls equkQs ds :i esa ywVdj vejhdk ys tk jgh gSaA isIlhdksyk dEiuh
ds ,d eq[; vf/kdkjh jktho c[“kh ds vuqlkj bu BaMs is;ksa ij foKkiu dk dqy [kpkZ] dqy fcØh dk
12% ds vkl&ikl gksrk gSA vFkkZr BaMs is;kas dh dqy ¼isIlh o dksdkdksyk½ fcØh 7000 djksM+ #- rks
foKkiu [kpZ gqvk 850 djksM+ #-A vFkkZr izR;sd cksry ij foKkiu [kpZ yxHkx 1-20 #-¼1 #i;s]20 iSls½
cSBrk gSA
vc ;fn isIlh ;k dksdkdksyk dh ,d cksry dks cukus dk [kpkZ fudkyk tk; rks fglkc dqN bl
izdkj cSBrk gS ,d cksry dks cukus esa lkUnz ?kksy ¼dUlUVªsV& Concentrate½ 30 iSls dk] ,d cksry ij
mRikndj 6 iSls dk] ,d cksry ij foKkiu [kpkZ 1-20 #-] cspus okys nqdkunkj dks equkQk yxHkx 1 #-]
dqy [kpkZ gqvk] 2-56 #- ¼2 # 56 iSls½A vc ;fn dqN jkT;ksa esa fcØh dj vkfn dk [kpkZ tksM+ ysa rks yxHkx
,d cksry ij dEiuh dh vksj ls [kpkZ gksrk gS 3 #-A vkSj ;g cksry fcdrh gS yxHkx 10 #-
dh bl rjg ,d cksry ij dEiuh dks 7 #- dk equkQk gksrk gSA
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us iatkc ds fdlkuksa lss VekVj] vke] phdw vkfn Qyksa dks gtkjksa Vu esa
[kjhnus dk tks ok;nk fd;k Fkk] og Hkh dHkh ugha fuHkk;kA blds fy;s isIlh dEiuh dk eq[; vf/kdkjh
jes”k caxy dgrk jgk fd] paM+hx<+ ls cEcbZ ds chp Qyksa dks ykus ds fy;s [kpkZ] Qyksa dh dher ls
vf/kd gksrk gS] blfy;s ge iatkc ds fdlkuksa ls Qy ugha [kjhn djrs gSaSA isIlh dksyk ds lkFk gq;s
Hkkjr ljdkj ds le>kSrs esa ;g Li’V dgk x;k fd rc rd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks vkS|ksfxd ykbZlsal
(Industrial Licence) ugha feysxk\A ysfdu vQlksl dh ckr ;g gS fd vkt rd Hkh isIlh&dksyk dEiuh
us vius le>kSrs dh ,d Hkh “krZ dks iwjk ugha fd;k vkSj bl dEiuh dks vkS|ksfxd ykbZlsUl Hkh fey
x;kA tc Hkkjr esa pUnz”ks[kj ljdkj vk;h Fkh] ml le; isIlh&dksyk dks vkns”k fn;k x;k Fkk fd og
vius “khry is; dk mRiknu vf/kd ugha c<+k;sA ysfdu isIlh dEiuh us bl vkns”k dk Hkh mYya?ku
fd;k vkSj vius BaMs is; dk mRiknu yxkrkj c<+k;kA iwoZ iz/kkueU=h pUnz”ks[kj us bl ij ,d tk¡p
djk;hA blds fy;s rhu lnL;h; ,d lfefr cuk;h x;hA bl lfefr }kjk iwNs tkus ij Hkh isIlh
dEiuh dh vksj ls dgk x;k ^^tc gekjk “khry is; Hkkjr esaa bruk vf/kd fcd jgk gS] rks ge blh ij
/;ku dsfUnzr djsaxsa] uk fd fdlh vkSj O;olk; ijA yksd lHkk ls ,d lnL; nhisu ?kks’k us bl ij dM+h
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP vkifRr tkfgj dh vkSj lEcfU/kr ea=h txnh”k VkbZVyj dks Hkh dbZ i= fy[ks vkSj yksdlHkk eas iz”u
mBk;s] ysfdu dqN ugha gqvkA bl rjg isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkFk fd;s x;s le>kSrs
dh ,d Hkh “krZ dks dHkh iwjk ugha fd;kA fu;kZr djus ds iz”u ij ges”kk gh isIlh us fdlh vU; dEiuh
;k O;fDr }kjk fd;s x;s fu;kZr dks viuk fu;kZr crk;k] vkSj ljdkj dks /kks[kk fn;kA Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa
ls vke] phdw] VekVj] ve:n] lsc vkfn [kjhndj fQj izlaLdj.k djds mUgsa fu;kZr djus dk tks ok;nk
isIlh dk Fkk] mls Hkh dHkh iwjk ugha fd;k x;kA tc VkbZEl Vh-oh-}kjk isIlh&dksyk dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij
,d Qhpj rS;kj fd;k x;k o ;g iwNk x;k fd os lc QSDVfj;k¡ dgk¡ ij gSa tgka ls Qyksa dk izlaLdj.k
djds fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gS] rks dEiuh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us dksbZ Hkh tokc ugha fn;kA
tc Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj ehfM;k dh vksj ls isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ij ncko Mkyk x;k rks ,d fnu
vpkud isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us tqykbZ 1991 esa fnYyh esa ,d fo”ks’k i=dkj ifj’kn~ dk vk;kstu fd;k
ftlesa dEiuh dh vksj ls dgk x;k fd] isIlh dEiuh }kjk 9-62 djksM+ #- dk fu;kZr fd;k x;k gSA
ysfdu ;g fu;kZr Fkk pk;] pkoy] dkWVu ds rkSfy;s tSlh oLrqvksa dk uk fd isIlh }kjk mRiknu dh x;h
oLrqvksa dkA ysfdu ljdkj }kjk ;g lc dqN tkuus ij Hkh dksbZ dB+ksj dk;Zokgh ugha dh x;hA Hkkjr
ljdkj ds [kk| izlaLdj.k ea=ky; ds lfpo vkj-ds-jFk }kjk tqykbZ 1991 esa ,d dM+k i= okf.kT;
ea=ky; dks fy[kk x;kA ml i= esa isIlh dEiuh dh lkjh iksy [kksyh x;hA isIlh }kjk ljdkj dks /kks[kk
fn;s tkus ds ckjs esa Hkh foLrkj ls fy[kk x;k vkSj isIlh dEiuh ds f[kykQ dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djus ds
fy;s dgk x;kA ysfdu bl ij Hkh dqN ugha gqvkA
nf{k.k Hkkjr esa isIlh us vius iSj tekus ds fy;s rRdkyhu lkaln vMSdyjkt dk Hkjiwj iz;ksx
fd;kA blh lkaln vMSdyjkt us laln esa Hkh isIlh&dksyk ds leFkZu esa lkalnksa ds gLrk{kj ysus dk Hkh
dke fd;kA vMSdyjkt rfeyukMq eas “kjkc cukus okyksa esa lcls Åij ekuk tkrk jgkA ysfdu dbZ
?kksVkyksa esa lh-ch-vkbZ- us mls fyIr ik;k FkkA dsjy ds ,d O;kikjh ,e-lh-tSdc ds lkFk feydj
vMSdyjkt us ,d lgdkjh lfefr LFkkfir fd;kA bl lgdkjh lfefr ds uke ij ,d djksM+ #- dk
dtkZ ,d cSad ls fy;k x;kA vMSdyjkt bl lgdkjh lfefr dk funs”kd cukA lh-ch-vkbZ- us tc tk¡p
fd;k rks ik;k fd ;g lgdkjh lfefr cksxl FkhA bl rjg ml cSad dk ,d djksM+ #- Mwc x;kA isIlh
us blh ?kksVkysckt vMSdyjkt dks nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ftEesnkjh lkSaihA vMSdyjkt us ;g lkjk dk;Z] isIlh
dks rfeyukMq rFkk vU; nf{k.k jkT;ksa esa QSykus dk] vius csVs foUlsUV tkslsQ ds uke ij fd;kA
vMSdyjkt us blh vfHk;ku ds rgr 2-5 djksM #- ,df=r fd;kA ;g /ku mu yksxksa ls fy;k x;k]
ftUgsa isIlh dksyk dEiuh dk forj.kdrkZ cuk;k tkuk FkkA ckn esa vMSdyjkt us vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ls
Hkh blh rjg /ku ,df=r djuk “kq# fd;kA ;g lkjk /ku ml le; ,df=r fd;k tk jgk Fkk] tc
isIlh dEiuh dk fof/kor dk;Z Hkh Hkkjr esa “kq# ugha gqvk FkkA vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ls fons”kh eqnzk ds
dkuwuksa dk mYy?kau djds 1-5 djksM+ Mkyj ,df=r fd;s x;sA
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds “khry is;ksa dks cksry esa Hkjus ds fy;s tks e”khuksa dh t:jr gq;h] os lHkh
vejhdk ls ea¡xk;h x;haA ysfdu bu e”khuksa dks e¡xkus esaa Hkh dkQh ?kksVkyk gqvkA bu e”khuksa dks rkts
Qyksa dk jl fudkyus okyh e”khuksa ds vk/kkj ij vk;kr fd;k x;k] tcfd ;s lHkh e”khusa “khry is;
¼lk¶V fMªad½ ds fy;s gh FkhaA bu e”khuksa dks Qyksa ds jl okyh e”khu dgdj] vk;kr dj esa NwV yh
x;hA Hkkjr ljdkj dh vk;kr uhfr ds vuqlkj ckgj ds ns”kksa ls Qyksa dk jl fudkyus okyh e”khuksa dks
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cM+s iSekus ij mYya?ku fd;k x;kA
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isIlh&dksyk dh Hkzked foKkiu ckth vejhdk esa dksyk dEifu;ksa dh lQyrk dk lcls cM+k dkj.k gS va/kk/kaq/k foKkiuckthA
ges”kk u;s&u;s rjhdksa ls foKkiu cukdj yksxksa dks vkdf’kZr djuk] isIlh&dksyk dEiuh djrh jgh gSA
Hkkjr esa vkdj Hkh bl dEiuh us ;gh fd;kA Hkkjr esa isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds foKkiu dk [kpkZ bl
dEiuh ds “kks/k dk;Z ds [kpZs ls dbZ xquk vf/kd gSA Hkkjr esa bl isIlh dEiuh us foKkiukas ds ek/;e ls
;qok oxZ dks vf/kd ls vf/kd Q¡lkus dk dk;Z fd;k gSA blds fy;s isIlh dEiuh us ekbdy tSDlu]
eSMksuk] Vhuk VuZj tSls vejhdh lqij LVkjksa dks djksM+kas Mkyj nsdj vuqcaf/kr fd;kA Hkkjr ljdkj ls
gq;s djkj ds vuqlkj isIlh&dksyk dEiuh vius czkaM uke dk bLrseky Hkkjr esa ugha dj ldrh Fkh]
ysfdu isIlh dEiuh us djkj dh bl “krZ dks Hkh rksM+kA blds fy;s dEiuh us vius czkaM uke ds vkxs
^ygj^ “kCn yxkdj bLrseky djuk “kq: fd;kA tSls& ^ygj isIlh^] ^^ygj lsou vi^^] ^^ygj fefjUMk^^]
^^ygj Lykbl^^ vkfn yxk;kA bu foKkiuksa dk lcls vf/kd iz;ksx isIlh dEiuh us Hkkjr ds Lora=rk
fnol ,oa x.kra= fnolksa ij fd;kA Vsyhfotu pSuyksa ij yksdfiz; /kkjkokfgdksa ds “kq# gksus ds iwoZ bu
foKkiuksa dks lcls vf/kd fn[kk;k tkrk jgkA dbZ fgUnh fQYeksa dk Hkh isIlh dEiuh us vius izpkj ds
fy;s iz;ksx fd;kA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fouksn ik.M+s dh fQYe ^^ifjank^^ dks 60 yk[k :- nsdj isIlh us
vius fy;s bLrseky fd;kA Hkkjrh; flusek ds dykdkjksa twghpkoyk] jseksQukZUMhl dks isIlh&dksyk
dEiuh us foKkiu ds fy;s lcls igys vuqcaf/kr fd;kA
Hkkjrh; dEiuh ikjys dk “khry is; FkElvi dk foKkiu Hkh yxkrkj c<+us yxkA isIlh&dksyk
vkSj ikjys esa fcØh ikjys dEiuh ds FkElvi dh gh vf/kd jgrh FkhA blh rjg cktkj esa ,d vkSj
Hkkjrh; dEiuh dk “khry is; dSEik dksyk miyC/k Fkk ftldh dkQh fcØh gqvk djrh FkhA ;s lHkh
“khry is; 3 #- ;k 3-50 #- ds vkl&ikl dh dher ij fcdrs FksA nksuksa gh Hkkjrh; “khry is; dSEik
dksyk ,oa FkEl vi dh fcØh ygj isIlh ls dkQh vf/kd FkhA fQj isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us fØdsV
f[kykM+h dfiynso dks foKkiu ds fy;s vuqcaf/kr fd;kA dfiynso us bl dEiuh ds izpkj ds fy;s
?kj&?kj tkuk “kq: fd;k yksxksa dks dgk x;k fd os vius ?kjksa ds vUnj isIlh dh cksryksa dks j[ksa fQj
dfiynso fdlh ds ?kj vpkud igq¡pdj isIlhdksyk dks ih;saxsaA ets dh ckr ;g Fkh fd dfiynso us
FkksM+s fnuksa iwoZ rd Hkkjrh; dEiuh ikjys ds BaMs is; ^FkEl vi^ dk foKkiu fd;k FkkA bl ij fookn
gqvk vkSj isIlh dksyk vkSj ikjys ds chp esa eqdnesckth Hkh gq;hA bl eqdnesckth dk ifj.kke ikjys
dEiuh ds i{k esa vk;kA
Hkkjrh; dEiuh ikjys us isIlh&dksyk dh rqyuk esa viuh cksryksa esa vf/kd “khry is; nsuk “kq:
fd;kA 6 #- eas 500 feyh- dh FkEl vi dh cksry cktkj esa feyuh “kq: gq;h] tcfd mu fnukas esa
isIlh&dksyk dh 250 feyh- dh cksry 4 #- esa feyk djrh FkhA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk 90 lsdsUM dk
foKkiu 60 yk[k #- esa cuk;k x;k Fkk] tcfd Hkkjrh; dEiuh ikjys dk FkEl vi foKkiu ek= 4 yk[k
#- eas cuk;k x;kA isIlh dksyk dEiuh us 700 ls 750 fdeh- ds ifjo`r esa vius is; inkFkksZa dks cspus ds
fy;s 15 dkj[kkus yxk;s] rFkk dbZ vU; Hkkjrh; dkj[kkuksa dks vius fy;s iz;ksx djuk “kq# fd;kA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP cktkj esaa vius “khry is; dh [kir dks c<+kus ds fy;s isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us vferkHk cPpu]
lfpu rsanqydj] foosd vkscsjk;] ,s”o;Z jk; ¼iwoZ fo”o lqqUnjh½ tSls e”kgwj yksxksa dk yxkrkj bLrseky
fd;k] vHkh Hkh dj jgh gSA
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dksdk&dksyk dk Hkkjr esa izos”k lcls igys lu~ 1966&67 eas bfUnjk xka/kh ds izFke ckj iz/kkueU=h cuus ds le; dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us
Hkkjr esa izos”k fd;k FkkA bfUnjk xka/kh us viuh lRrk dks cjdjkj cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s iztkrU= dk xyk
?kksaVdj 1975 eas vkikrdky ykxw dj fn;kA bfUnjk xka/kh ds bl yksdrU= fojks/kh dk;Z dk fojks/k djus
ds fy;s izfl) xka/khoknh ,oa loksZn; usrk Jh t;izdk”k ukjk;.k us lEiw.kZ ØkfUr vkUnksyu “kq# fd;kA
bl vkUnksyu dks Hkkjh lQyrk feyuk “kq# gqbZ] tc yk[kksa ;qodksa us vius dSfj;j NksM+dj bl
vkUnksyu esa “kkfey gksuk “kq: fd;kA bfUnjk xka/kh dks Jh t;izdk”k ukjk;.k ds bl lEiw.kZ ØkfUr
vkUnksyu ls viuh lRrk ds fy;s [krjk eglwl gqvkA blfy;s Jh t;izdk”k ukjk;.k dks fxj¶rkj djds
tsy esa Mky fn;k x;k] vkSj vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr dh ?kks’k.kk ns”k esa dj nh x;hA blesa yksxksa ls lHkh
ekSfyd laaoS/kkfud vf/kdkj Nhu fy;s x;sA bfUnjk xka/kh ds bl dne dk iwjs ns”k esa fojks/k gqvkA vUrr%
1977 esa vkikrdky dks okil fy;k x;k vkSj pquko gq;sA bu pqukoksa esa Jh t;izdk”k ukjk;.k ds usr`Ro esa cuh turk ikVhZ
dks Hkkjh cgqer feyk vkSj turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj cuhA bl ljdkj eaa iz/kkueU=h Jh eksjkjth nslkbZ] m|ksxeU=h tktZ
QukZUMhl] fons”k eU=h vVy fcgkjh oktis;h] LokLF; eU=h jktukjk;.k vkfn&vkfn yksx “kkfey gq;sA blh turk ikVhZ
ljdkj us dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dk ykblsUl jn~n djds Hkkjr ls ckgj fudkyus dk dk;Z fd;kA mlh dksdkdksyk
dEiuh us isIlh&dksyk ds ihNs&ihNs Hkkjr esa fQj ls izos”k dj fy;kA
dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr esa izos”k djus ds fy;s ogh jkLrk viuk;k tks isIlh&dksyk us
viuk;k FkkA dksdk&dksyk us Hkh Hkkjr vkus ds fy;s vius dqy mRiknu dk 75% fu;kZr djus ,oa 25% dks Hkkjrh; cktkj esa gh cspus dh ckr djuk “kq# dj fn;kA blds fy;s dksdk&dksyk us viuh ,d
fo”ks’k dEiuh dks cukus dk ,syku Hkh fd;kA dksdk&dksyk us lcls igys fczVkfu;k dEiuh ds jktu
fiYybZ ds lkFk feydj le>kSrk fd;kA mlds ckn viuk izLrko Hkkjr ljdkj ds ikl Hkst fn;kA
jktu fiYybZ vkSj dksdk&dksyk us feydj ,d vkQ”kksj dEiuh ts-,e-vkj-ih- ds uke ls cuk;kA bl
dEiuh dk eq[; dk;kZy; gkaxdkax esa fn[kk;k x;kA bl dEiuh esa jktu fiYybZ ds 60% “ks;j ,oa
dksdk dksyk ds 40% “ks;j j[ks x;sA ckn esa ts-,e-vkj-ih- dEiuh vkSj fczVkfu;k bUMLVªht dh vksj ls
la;qDr dEiuh ^fczVdks QwM~l izkbosV fyfeVsM^ uke ls LFkkfir dh x;hA bl fczVdks dEiuh esa ts-,e-
vkj-ih- dk fgLlk 66% ,oa fczVkfu;k bUMLVªht dk fgLlk 24% j[kk x;kA ckdh 10% fgLlk fdlh
ljdkjh dEiuh ds fy;s NksM+ fn;k x;kA
jktu fiYybZ ,oa dksdk dksyk us 2 djksM+ Mkyj yxkdj bl /kU/ks dks “kq# fd;kA ujflagjko dh
ljdkj dh mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr dk ykHk mBkdj dksdk&dksyk dks vkWVkseSfVd ykblsUl feykA
dksdk&dksyk o jktu fiYybZ us Hkkjr ljdkj dks 10 lky esa 1002 djksM+ #- dk fu;kZr djus dk
ok;nk fd;kA yxHkx 26-85 djksM+ #- dh ifj;kstuk dksdk&dksyk ,oa jktu fiYybZ }kjk Hkkjr esa “kq#
dh x;hA Hkkjr ljdkj dks fn;s x;s izLrko esa dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us 10 lky esa 280 djksM+ #-
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66 djksM+ #- ykHkka”k ds :i esa ys tkus dk mYys[k fd;kA vFkkZr dqy feykdj 497 djksM+ #- Hkkjr ls
ckgj tkus dh ckr bl izLrko esa dgh x;hA
lHkh fons”kh dEifu;k¡ fodkl”khy ns”kksa dh ywV djus ds fy;s cnuke jgha gaA bu dEifu;ksa dk lcls cM+k
mn~ns”; /ku dekdj vius&vius ns”kksa esa ys tkus dk gh jgrk gSA /ku dks ys tkus ds fy;s dbZ ?kksf’kr&v?kksf’kr jkLrs
gqvk djrs gaA dqN dkuwuh vkSj dqN xSjdkuwuh jkLrksa ls ;g /ku ys tk;k tkrk gSA dkuwuh ,oa ?kksf’kr jkLrk /ku ys
tkus dk ykHkka”k ds :i esa ;k “kq) equkQs ds :i esa gksrk gSA ysfdu xSjdkuwuh vkSj v?kksf’kr jkLrk VªkalQj izkbflax
(Transfer pricing) dk gksrk gSA lHkh fons”kh dEifu;k¡ vk;kr vkSj fu;kZr dk O;kikj viuh gh dEifu;ksa (Parents Companies) ds lkFk djrh gaA tc Hkh dksbZ fons”kh dEiuh] vk;kr djrh gS rks ges”kk cktkj ds ewY; ls cgqr Å¡ps Hkko
ij] viuh gh lg;ksxh dEiuh ls djrh gSA blh rjg tc Hkh dksbZ fons”kh dEiuh fu;kZr djrh gS rks viuh gh
lg;ksxh dEiuh dks cktkj Hkko ls de ewY; ij nsrh gSA bl rjg nksuksa gh jkLrksa ls /ku dks ys tkus dk dk;Z fd;k
tkrk gSA fons”kh dEifu;k¡ ftl ns”k esa tkrh ga] ogk¡ dh LFkkuh; Lons”kh dEifu;ksa ds lkeus izfrLi/kkZ eaa djksM+kas #- dk
uqdlku mBkdj Hkh lLrh dher ij eky csp ldrh gaA isIlh&dksyk us lu~ 1990&91 esa ;gh fd;k vkSj
yxHkx 24 djksM+ #- dk ?kkVk mBk;kA
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isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa }kjk jktuSfrd gLr{ksi isIlh&dksyk dEiuh o vejhdh tklwlh laLFkk lh-vkbZ-,- ¼lsUVªy bUVsyhtsUl ,tsUlh½ ds ?kksf’kr
lEcU/k jgs gSaA bl dEiuh us vius O;kikfjd fgrksa dh j{kk djus ds fy;s lh-vkbZ-,- ds jktuSfrd izHkko
dk Hkjiwj bLrseky fd;k gSA ySfVu vejhdh ns”k fpyh esa ,d pquh gq;h lYoknksj vysUns uke ds
jk’Vªifr dh ljdkj dk r[rk iyV isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us lh-vkbZ-,- dh enn ls djk;kA vejhdh
i=dkj&ys[kd ckWc oqMoMZ us viuh iqLrd ^^lhØsV okj vkQ lh-vkbZ ,-^^ esa bl luluh[kst rF; dk
mn~?kkVu fd;k FkkA ;g iqLrd lu~ 1981 ls 1987 ds chp esa lh-vkbZ-,-}kjk nwljs ns”kksa esa fd;s x;s
jktuSfrd gLr{ksi dks mtkxj djrh gSA ftl le; isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk Hkkjr esa izos”k gqvk ml
le; bl dEiuh dk eq[; vf/kdkjh MksukYM dSaMy gksrk FkkA bl MksukYM dSaMy dh iwoZ vejhdh
jk’Vªifr fjpMZ fuDlu ls dkQh xgjh nksLrh jghA ftl le; lYoknksj vysUns dh ljdkj dk fpyh esa
r[rk iyV fn;k x;k vkSj fQj lYoknksj vysUns dh gR;k dh x;h] rc vejhdk esa fjpMZ fuDlu
jk’Vªifr Fkk] vkSj MksukYM dSaMy isIlh dEiuh dk eq[; vf/kdkjh FkkA vejhdh jk’Vªifr fjpMZ fuDlu us
rRdkyhu lh-vkbZ-,- ds funs”kd vkj- gsYe dks vkns”k fn;k Fkk] fd fdlh Hkh dher ij fpyh dk
jk’Vªifr lYoknksj vysUns ugha jguk pkfg,A ftl le; fpyh esa lYoknksj vysUns jk’Vªifr cuk] ml
le; isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk fpyh esa eq[; O;kikjh vkWxLVhu ,MokMZ FkkA lYoknksj vysUns vR;f/kd
ns”kHkDr ,oa Lons”kh leFkZd FkkA og vius ns”k fpyh dh ywV cUn djkus ds fy;s vejhdh dEifu;ksa ij
f”kdatk dl jgk FkkA tc lYoknksj vysUns vius ns”k dks vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds “kks’k.k ls eqDr djkus ds
iz;kl esa yxk gqvk Fkk] mlh le; vkWxLVhu ,MoMZ vejhdk x;k vkSj vejhdk ds fons”k eU=h gsujh
fdflaxj dks feykA gsujh fdflaxj ls mldh eqykdkr ds ckn og lh-vkbZ-,- ds funs”kd vkj- gsYe dks
feykA ;s nksuksa gh eqykdkrsa isIlhdksyk dEiuh ds eq[; vf/kdkjh MksukYM dSaMy us djk;hA MksukYM
dSaMy ebZ 1991 rd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk eq[; vf/kdkjh jgkA lu~ 1970 esa lYoknksj vysUns fpyh
dk jk’Vªifr cuk vkSj lu~ 1973 esa mldh gR;k dj nh x;hA gR;k ds iwoZ vejhdk esa rRdkyhu jk’Vªifr
fjpMZ fuDlu us] laln esa dgk fd ^^fpyh dk orZeku jk’Vªifr lYoknksj vysUns vejhdh fgrksa ds fo:)
gS^^A ;gh ckr lh-vkbZ-,- funs”kd vkj- gsYe }kjk ,oa isIlh dEiuh ds eqf[k;k MksukYM dSaMy }kjk Hkh
dgh x;hA ftuds nLrkost vkt Hkh miyC/k gSaA vejhdk dh lHkh dEifu;k¡] vejhdh lkezkT;okn dks
nqfu;k ds reke ns”kksa esa QSykus ds fy, dke djrh jgha gSaA isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk dks vejhdh
lkezkT;okn ds nks gkFk ekuk tkrk gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh }kjk dbZ ckj ;g dgk x;k gS fd ^^tc rd
dksbZ O;kikjh gekjs fgrkas dh iwfrZ djrk jgsxk] rHkh rd og O;kikj djrk jgsxk vkSj le`f)”kkyh gksrk
jgsxk^^A
Hkkjrh; laln esa Hkh isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ,oa lh-vkbZ-,- ds vkilh lEcU/kkas ij dkQh dqN dgk
x;kA 21 ls 27 tqykbZ 1991 ds lkIrkfgd v[kckj ^^lUMs vkWCtcZj^^ (Sunday observer) esa foLrkj ls bl
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isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks Hkkjr esa ykus esa fj”or yh gSA
Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa Hkh iwoZ iz/kkueU=h jktho xka/kh us vejhdk fojks/kh :[k viuk;k FkkA tc
[kkM+h ;q) gks jgk Fkk] rks jktho xka/kh us vejhdh gokbZ tgktksa esa rsy Hkjus ls badkj djk;k FkkA
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks jksdus dh Hkjiwj dksf”k”k dh Fkh ysfdu dqN lkalnksa ds ncko eas vkdj
isIlh&dksyk dks eatwjh nhA D;wck ds jk’Vªifr QhMsydkL=ks ,oa fQfyLrhuh usrk ;klj vjkQkr us ml
le; jktho xka/kh dks lko/kku jgus ds fy;s lans”k Hksts FksA D;ksafd bu nksuksa usrkvksa dks jktho xka/kh dh
gR;k fd;s tkus dk vans”kk gks x;k FkkA 21 ebZ 1991 dks ftl fnu jktho xka/kh dh gR;k gq;h] mlh
fnu VkbEl vkWQ bfUM;k lekpkj i= dks fn;s x;s vius lk{kkRdkj esa jktho xka/kh us dgk fd ^^,d
egk”kfDr Hkkjr dks fLFkj gksrs ns[kuk ugha pkgrh gS ^A tc jktho xka/kh dks iwNk x;k fd og egk”kfDr
dkSu gS\ rks mUgksaus tokc fn;k fd ^^og egk”kfDr lksfo;r&:l rks ugha gh gS ^A vFkkZr~ og egk”kfDr
vejhdk gSA mlh nkSjku ^lUMs^ (Sunday) uked lekpkj i= esa Hkh jktho xka/kh dk ,d lk{kkRdkj izdkf”kr
gqvk Fkk] ftlesa mUgksaus isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh dM+h vkykspuk dh FkhA mlesa dgk x;k fd ^^ftl vk/kkj
ij isIlhdksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa ykblsal fn;k x;k] mlesa rks [kk| izlaLdj.k dk {ks= eq[; Fkk vkSj
mlesa 50]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj nsus dh ckr egRoiw.kZ FkhA ysfdu isIlh dEiuh us bldk ikyu ugha
fd;k gSA jktho xka/kh us oh-ih-flag ljdkj dh vkykspuk djrs gq;s dgk fd ;g ljdkj isIlh&dksyk
dEiuh ds f[kykQ dksbZ Hkh dk;Zokgh ugha dj jgh gS] cfYd isIlh dEiuh dks cpkus dh dksf”k”k dj jgh
gSA
jktho xka/kh dh gR;k Jhyadk eas fgalkoknh laxBu fycjs”ku VkbxlZ vkQ rfey bZye (LTTE) us fd;kA bl laxBu dks izf”k{k.k nsus dk dk;Z btjk;yh laLFkk ekslkn djrh jgh gSA ekslkn ds vejhdh
xqIrpj laLFkk lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk utnhdh lEcU/k gSaA isIlh&dksyk dks nf{k.k Hkkjr esa QSykus okys
vMSdyjkt dh lgkuqHkwfr (LTTE) ds lkFk jgh gSA ;fn bl utfj;s ls jktho xka/kh gR;kdkaM dh
[kkstchu dh tk;s rks dqN vkSj lPpkbZ lkeus vk ldrh gSA
lksfo;r la?k eas tks Hkh dqN xr 10&15 o’kksZa esas jktuSfrd :i ls ?kfVr gqvk] og isIlh&dksyk ds
lksfo;r la?k eas tkus ds ckn gh gqvkA blh rjg phu esa Hkh jktuSfrd mFky&iqFky isIlh&dksyk ds
igq¡pus ds ckn gh gq;hA
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Hkkjrh; lekpkj&i=ksa ,oa if=dkvksa eas isIlh&dksyk ds ckjss esa
mn~?kkfVr lR;
9 vxLr 1986] dks ^^djaV^^ (Current) if=dk esa izdkf”kr%& ^^Hkkjrh; laln ds bfrgkl esa dbZ
o’kksZa eas igyh ckj lRrk i{k ,oa foi{k ds lkalnkas esa] isIlh&dksyk ds iz”u ij bruh ,drk fn[kk;h ns
jgh gSA^^
3 flrEcj 1989 dks ^^fCyV~t^^ (BLITZ) esa izdkf”kr%& ^isIlh&dksyk ds vejhdh xqIrpj laLFkk
lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk lEcU/kksa ds vfrfjDr vU; dbZ egRoiw.kZ eqn~ns gSa] ftu ij fopkj djus dh t:jr gSA
isIlh&dksyk dks Hkkjr ds cktkj esa ywVus dh [kqyh NwV ns nh x;h gS^^A
& ^^;g vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd lRrk i{k ds vUnj gh isIlh&dksyk dk fojks/k djus okys vf/kd ga
ysfdu fQj Hkh bl dEiuh dh ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh feyh gS^^aA
& ^^Hkkjr esa vkyw dk fpIl cukus vkSj BaMs is; dh iwjh rduhd miyC/k gS] fQj Hkh ,d fons”kh
vejhdh dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa yk;k x;k gSA “kk;n gh dHkh ;g dEiuh vius fu;kZr ok;nksa dks iwjk
djsxhA ,d ckj bl dEiuh dk mRiknu dk;Z “kq# gks x;k rks fQj Hkkjr ljdkj Hkh ncko Mkyus esa
vleFkZ gksxhA vUrr% vius fu;kZr ok;nksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s ;g dEiuh igys ls fu;kZr gks jgs
lkekuksa dk fu;kZr vius uke ls [kjhn dj] dj ysxhA^^
6 ebZ 1989 QkbusfU”k;y ,Dlizsl eas izdkf”kr%& ^^ftu vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds O;kikfjd fgr
Hkkjr ds cktkj esa ga] os lHkh Hkkjr ds fo#) yxk;s tkus okys lqij&301] Lis”ky&301 ds izko/kkuksa ds
fojks/k esa gSaA bl lUnHkZ esa isIlh dEiuh ds eqf[k;k MksukYM dSaMy us vejhdh O;kikj izfrfuf/k dks Hkh i=
fy[kk gS vkSj mUgsa lq>ko fn;k gS fd Hkkjr ij lqij&301 ds rgr dk;Zokgh ugha djsa^^A
3 uoEcj 1988 dks ^^n fgUnw^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^Hkkjr ds dbZ fgLlksa esa ;g vk”kadk O;Dr dh tk
jgh gS fd [kk| izlaLdj.k ds {ks= esa ,d fons”kh dEiuh dk vkuk Hkkjr ds fy;s vPNk ugha gksxkA bl
dEiuh dh Hkkjr dks dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA vPNk gksrk fd Lons”kh dEifu;ksa ,oa Lons”kh rduhd dks bl
{ks= esa c<+kok fn;k x;k gksrk^^A 3 uoEcj 1988 dks ^^n
fgUnqLrku VkbEl^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^isIlh&dksyk ds le>kSrs ds fy;s dbZ fu;eksa dk mYya?ku gqvk gS^^A
23 vDVwcj 1988 dks ^^n fgUnqLrku VkbEl^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh }kjk de ls de
50]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj fn;k tk;sxk^^A
27 flrEcj 1988 dks ^^VkbEl vkQ bf.M;k^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^iatkc ds fdlkuksa dh ,d gsDVs;j
Hkwfe ls yxHkx 7000 #- dh vkenuh gks jgh gS tks cgqr de gSA isIlh&dksyk dh ifj;kstuk vkus ds
ckn iatkc ds fdlkuksa dh vkSlru vkenuh yxHkx 15000 #- izfrgsDVs;j ls 25]000 #- izfr gsDVs;j
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP rd c<+ tk;sxhA isIlh&dksyk dh ifj;kstuk esa iwjs iatkc esa iSnk gksus okys Qyksa dk 25% fgLlk [kir
gksxk^^A
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us iatkc ds fdlkuksa dks VekVj iSnk djus ds fy;s ,d fo”ks’k izdkj dk
cht fn;k bl cht dks iatkc ds dbZ fdlkuksa us cks;kA bl cht ds pyrs tks Hkh VekVj iSnk gqvk og gjs
jax dk cuk jgk vkSj yky ugha gqvkA ckn esa bl VekVj dks isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us ugha [kjhnk vkSj fQj
fdlkuksa us cgqr gh lLrs nke ij ;g VekVj cktkj esa cspkA blesa fdlkuksa dk ykxr [kpkZ Hkh ugha fudy
ik;kA ykxr [kpsZ dh ,d pkSFkkbZ dher ij ;g VekVj fcdkA
27 flrEcj 1988 ^^bdksukWfed VkbEl^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds cktkj esa vkus ls
izfr;ksfxrk c<+sxh ,oa xzkgdksa dks de dher ij “khry is; ihus dks feysxk^^A
21 flrEcj 1988 ^^n fctusl LVS.MMZ^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^ rRdkyhu turk ny usrk tktZ
QukZUMhl us oh-ih-flag- dks ,d i= fy[kk tks mi;qDr lekpkj i= esa izdkf”kr gqvkA
& ^^isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh nsdj jktho xka/kh ljdkj us Hkkjh xyrh dh gSA vr%
isIlh&dksyk ds fojks/k dk eqn~nk pquko dk eqn~nk cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A ljdkjh nkoksa ds vuqlkj bl
ifj;kstuk ds dkj.k 50]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj feysxkA ysfdu okLro esa 500 yksxksa dks Hkh blls jkstxkj
ugha feysxkA iwjs ns”k esa bl eqn~ns dks vkUnksyu dk vk/kkj cukuk pkfg,A^^
19 flrEcj 1988 ^n fgUnqLrku VkbEl^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^ turk ny usrk tktZ QukZUMhl us
,syku fd;k gS fd jktho xka/kh ljdkj }kjk tks isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks eatwjh nh x;h gS] og lekIr
dj nh tk;sxh] ;fn turk ny dh ljdkj cu tk;sxhA tktZ QukZUMhl ds vuqlkj bl isIlh&dksyk
ifj;kstuk esa cgqr vf/kd fj”or ysus&nsus dk dke gqvk gSA de ls de 5 djksM+ #i;s rks fj”or ds :i
esaa Hkkjr ds usrkvksa ,oa vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fn;s gh x;s gSa^^A
egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd jktho xka/kh dh ljdkj tkus ds ckn turk ny rFkk vU; ikfVZ;ksa dh
feyh&tqyh ljdkj Hkkjr esa cuhA bl ljdkj esa tktZ QukZUMhl Lo;a ea=h Fks] ysfdu bl turk ny
ljdkj us Hkh isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds fo#) dqN ugha fd;kA turk ny ljdkj ds le; esa isIlh&dksyk dh
ifj;kstuk ykxr 22 djksM+ #- ls c<+dj 75 djksM+ #i;s gks x;hA iwjh ifj;kstuk dh mRiknu {kerk ugha
c<+us ds ckn Hkh ifj;kstuk dh ykxr 75 djksM+ #i;s gks x;hA ysfdu dHkh Hkh turk ny ljdkj us
isIlh&dksyk ds f[kykQ dqN ugha fd;kA bl ifj;kstuk ykxr [kpZ c<+us esa Hkh fj”or dk ysu&nsu gqvk
gksxk] rHkh rks ljdkj us isIlh dEiuh dks dqN Hkh ugha dgkA
7 vxLr 1986 dks ^^n VkbEl vkQ bf.M;k^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh eatwjh ds
ckn vc] Hkkjr ns”k esa isIlh&dksyk ds ewy czkaM uke ds vk/kkj ij uk rks “khry is; cspk tk;sxk vkSj uk
gh dksbZ nwljk mRiknd bl ewy czkaM uke ds vk/kkj ij mRiknu dj ldsxkA tks Hkh lkUnz ?kksy dh
t:jr iMsxh] “khry is; cukus ds fy;s og Hkkjr esaa gh rS;kj fd;k tk;sxkA cgqr gh t:jh dqN
jlk;u vk;kr fd;s tk;axs tks Hkkjr esa miyC/k ugh gksaxs^^A
13 Qjojh 1988 dks ^^n VkbEl vkQ bf.M;k^^ esa izdkf”kr%&^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh vejhdh
lkezkT;okn dk izrhd gSA ;g dEiuh nqfu;k Hkj esa jktuSfrd gR;k;sa djkus vkSj mFky&iqFky djkus ds
fy;s cnuke jgh gSA ySfVu vejhdh ns”k fpyh vksj is: blds thrs&tkxrs mnkgj.k gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj
dks ,slh dEiuh ds ckjs esa iwjh xaHkhjrk ls lksp&le>dj gh dksbZ vfUre QSlyk djuk pkfg,A D;k
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP Hkkjr tSls ns”k dks fons”kh “khry is; dh t:jr gS\ vkSj og Hkh viuh lqj{kk O;oLFkk dks [krjs easa
Mkydj] fons”kh dEiuh dks cqykuk cgqr eagxk iM+ ldrk gS\^^
11 Qjojh 1988 dks ^^n fgUnqLrku VkbEl^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^Hkkjr ljdkj us Lons”kh vkSj
Lokoyacu ds jkLrs dks NksM+ dj isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa vkus dh vuqefr nh gS tks ns”k dh
vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy;s ?kkrd fl) gksxk^^A ;g c;ku iwoZ iz/kkueU=h pUnz”ks[kj us fn;k FkkA tc
1990&1991 esa pkj ekg ds fy;s pUnz”ks[kj ns”k ds iz/kkueU=h cus rks mUgksaus isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds
?kksVkyksa vkSj ok;nk f[kykQh ds ckjs esa tk¡p djk;h vkSj dEiuh dks uksfVl fn;k x;kA lkFk gh lkFk
pUnz”ks[kj ljdkj us isIlh&dksyk }kjk ijke”kZ “kqYd (Consultancy Fees) ds uke ij Hkkjr ls /ku vejhdk
ys tkus ij ikcUnh yxk fn;kA lHkh dj olwyus okys foHkkxksa tSls mRikndj funs”kkky; ,oa vk;dj o
dEiuhdj funs”kky;ksa dks isIlh&dksyk dss f[kykQ l[rh cjrus ds vkns”k fn;s x;sA ysfdu bu lHkh
dk;Zokgh ij dksbZ Bksl QSlyk ljdkj ys ikrh] mlds iwoZ gh pUnz”ks[kj ljdkj fxj x;hA iatkc ds ,d
usrk cyoar flag jkewokfy;k us rRdkyhy iz/kkueU=h pUnz”ks[kj dks ,d yEck i= fy[kk FkkA bl i= eas
isIlh&dksyk dh /kks[kk/kM+h ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls fy[kk x;k FkkA
14½ 1 vDVwcj 1988 dks ^^djaV^^ (Current) if=dk esa izdkf”kr%& ^^jktho xka/kh ljdkj ds ckjs esa
tks Hkh vQokgsa mM+ jgh ga] /khjs&/khjs os lc lp gksrh tk jgh gSaA vHkh gky gh esa jktho xka/kh dh
vejhdk ¼okf”kxaVu½ ;k=k gq;h gSA bl ;k=k ls ykSVus ds ckn gh Hkkjr ljdkj ds m|ksx ea=h ts-
osaxyjko us isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks vPNk dguk “kq# fd;k gS] tcfd “kq# esa os isIlh&dksyk dk
fojks/k djrs jgsA ;g dSlk QSlyk gS fd isIlh ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh nsus ds fy;s ,d u;k ea=ky; [kk|
,oa izlaLdj.k ds uke ls [kksyk x;k gSA okLro esa rks ;g ifj;kstuk m|ksx ea=ky; ds }kjk gh Lohd`r
gks ldrh FkhA ysfdu vyx ls u;k ea=ky; [kksyuk “kd iSnk djrk gSA txnh”k VkbZVyj tSls fons”kh
dEifu;ksa ds leFkZd dks bl u;s [kk| ,oa izlaLdj.k ea=ky; dk ea=h cuk;k tkuk Hkh “kd iSnk djrk
gSA pw¡fd “kq# eas m|ksxeU=h ts-oasxyjko us bl isIlh ifj;kstuk dks udkj fn;k Fkk] blfy;s u;k
eU=ky; cukdj isIlh&dkssyk dks eatwjh nh x;h gSA m|ksx lfpo vksfrek cksjfn;k Hkh bl isIlh
ifj;kstuk ds f[kykQ jgs gSaA ysfdu m|ksx ea=ky; ds jkT;ea=h v#.kkpye isIlh&dksyk ds leFkZu esa
jgsA D;kssafd rfeyukMq ds gh v#.kkpye ds vMSdyjkt ds lkFk vPNs lEcU/k gaS^^A ¼nf{k.k Hkkjr eas
isIlh&dksyk dks QSykus esa vMSdyjkt dh eq[; Hkwfedk jghA½
15½ 21 flrEcj 1988 dks ^^n bfUM;u iksLV^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^okeiaFkh ikfVZ;k¡ lh-ih-vkbZ- ¼,e-½
vkSj lh-ih-vkbZ- nksukas us gh Hkkjr ljdkj ls ek¡x dh gS fd isIlh&dksyk dks fn;k x;k ykbZlsal jn~n
fd;k tk;A jktho xka/kh ljdkj dh mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr ds rgr bl isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa
vuqefr nsuk nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gSA ;g dne Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks fons”kh dEifu;ksa ds gkFkksa fxjoh j[kus
tSlk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj fo”o cSad vkSj eqnzkdks’k ds funsZ”kksa ij dke dj jgh gS] vkSj Hkkjr dks fons”kh
dEifu;ksa dh ywV ds fy;s [kksy fn;k x;k gSA^^
16½ 21 flrEcj 1986 dks ^^vkxZukbtj^^ esa izdkf”kr%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa vkus nsuk
fcYdqy Hkh le>nkjh dk QSlyk ugha gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk “khry is; ,slh [kkl pht ugha gS vkSj
uk gh bl dEiuh dk vkyw fpIl ,slk [kkl gSA 1977 esa Hkkjr ls dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkxk;k x;k
Fkk] D;ksafd og dEiuh vius “khry is; dk QkewZyk crkus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA vkyw dk fpIl vkSj VekVj
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dEiuh dks ykus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA oSls rks isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us iwoZ esa dHkh Hkh vkyw dk fpIl
vkSj VekVj dh pVuh cukus dk dk;Z ugha fd;k gS] vkSj uk gh [kk| izlaLdj.k dk dksbZ vuqHko bl
dEiuh ds ikl gSA jktho xka/kh ljdkj us bl isIlh ifj;kstuk dks tks eatwjh nh gS] mldk ,d Hkh
vk/kkj Bksl ugha gSA^^ ;g c;ku Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds usrk t; dk gS] tks ikVhZ dh vkfFkZd uhfr cukus
okys lewg ds izeq[k jgsA bl c;ku ds yxHkx 10 lky ckn Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds usr`Ro esa ,d
ljdkj cuh tks vHkh rd vDVwcj&2003 rd py jgh gSA ysfdu vHkh rd bl ljdkj us Hkh
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds f[kykQ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha fd;k gSA
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Hkkjrh; laln esa isIlh&dksyk ds ckjs esa iwNs x;s iz”u ,oa
ljdkj ds eaf=;ksa }kjk fn;s x;s mRrj
tc ls isIlh&dksyk dEiuh Hkkjr esa vk;h] rHkh ls ysdj vkt rd yxHkx 500 iz”u fofHkUu
lkalnksa }kjk laln esa iwNs x;sA ftueas ls dqN izeq[k iz”uksa dks uhps fn;k tk jgk gSA
lkaln nhisu ?kks’k }kjk iwNk x;k iz”u
& 29 vxLr 1991%&
iz”u%& eSa ljdkj ls ;g tkuuk pkgrk gw¡ fd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Lohd`r] ysVj vkQ bUVsUV
(Letter of Intent) esa tks “kCn ^VuZ vksoj^ fy[kk x;k gS] mldk vFkZ D;k gS\ dkuwu ea=ky; dks bl “kCn
VuZ vksoj (Turn Over) dh O;k[;k djus ds fy;s D;ksa dgk x;k gS\
iz”u%& yksdlHkk v/;{k egksn;] ea=h egksn; txnh”k VkbZVyj us laln esa ckj&ckj dgk gS fd
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa “khry is; vius czkaM uke ls mRiknu djus ,oa cspus dh vuqefr ugha
nh tk;sxhA bl dEiuh dks flQZ [kk| izlaLdj.k ds {ks= esa gh vuqefr gksxhA ysfdu eq>s yxrk gS fd
;g vejhdh dEiuh] Hkkjr ljdkj dh fdlh Hkh ckr ;k funsZ”kksa dks ugha ekusxhA ;g dEiuh le; vkus
ij “khry is; dk mRiknu vkSj fcØh nksuksa gh vius uke ls djsxhA xr 20 tqykbZ 1989 dks [kk|
izlaLdj.k ea=h txnh”k VkbZVyj }kjk laln esa vk”oklu fn;k x;k Fkk fd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks
Hkkjr esa “khry is; mRiknu djus dh vuqefr rc rd ugha nh tk;sxh tc rd og dEiuh vius djkj
dh lHkh “krksZa dks iwjk ugha djsxhA ysfdu vHkh&vHkh ljdkj dh vksj ls lwpuk nh x;h gS fd
isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us vius dqy VuZ vksoj dk 25% “khry is; mRiknu “kq: dj fn;k gSA ,slh
fLFkfr esa ljdkj bl dEiuh dks jksdus ds fy;s dksbZ dk;Zokgh D;ksa ugha djrh gS\ ljdkj dks bl
dEiuh dh ok;nkf[kykQh ds fo#) dk;Zokgh djus ls dkSu jksd jgk gS\
ea=h fxfj/kj xksekax }kjk fn;k x;k mRrj%&
^^gekjs ikl dksbZ fuxjkuh djus okyk ra= ugha gSA gekjs ea=ky; dks isIlh dEiuh }kjk ekfld
Lrjij tks tkudkjh nh tkrh gS] mlh ds vk/kkj ij ge dk;Z djrs gSa^^A
blh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq;s lkaln gkjosUnz flag galiky }kjk fn;k x;k c;ku%& ^^eq>s irk pyk gS
fd ;g dEiuh dqN leqnzh oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr dj jgh gS] ftldk iatkc ds fdlkuksa ds lkFk dqN
ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd ;g isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ljdkj ds lkFk feydj iatkc ds yksxksa dks
/kks[kk ns jgh gSA eq>s ea=h egksn; ls ;g vk”oklu pkfg, fd os bl dEiuh dh /kks[kk/kM+h dks jksdsaxs^^A
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP yksdlHkk v/;{k dh fVIi.kh%& ^^ea=hth] lkaln dk iz”u fcYdqy lh/kk gSA dEiuh dh vksj ls
ok;nk fd;k x;k Fkk fd iatkc ds fdlkuksa dks ykHk gksxkA ysfdu vHkhrd ,slk dksbZ ykHk iatkc ds
fdlkuksa dks ugha gqvk gSA D;k vHkhrd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh vksj ls iatkc esa ,slh dksbZ QSDVjh yxkbZ
x;h gS] ftlesa Qy ,oa lfCt;ksa dk izlaLdj.k djds dksbZ mRikn cuk;k tk jgk gS\
lkaln gkjosUnz flag galiky dk oDrO;%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds lkFk fd;s x;s djkj dh ;g
“krZ gS fd igys [kk| izlaLdj.k ds {ks= esa dEiuh dkj[kkus yxkdj mRiknu dk;Z djsxhA mlds ckn gh
“khry is; cktkj eas yk ldsxh^^A
yksdlHkk v/;{k dh izfrfØ;k%& ^^ysfdu D;k vHkh rd bl dEiuh us ,slh dksbZ QSDVjh [kk|
izlaLdj.k ds fy;s ugha yxk;h gS D;k\
lkaln gkjosUnz flag dk mRrj %& ^^ugha^^aA
yksdlHkk v/;{k dh fVIi.kh%& ^^eU=h th vkidks bl lEcU/k esa tYnh vkSj dM+h dk;Zokgh djus
dh t:jr gSA ftldk dksbZ ifj.kke fudy lds^^A
lkaln nhisu ?kks’k dh fVIi.kh%& ^^;k rks isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks djkj dh lHkh “krksZa dks iwjk
djuk pkfg, ;k fQj bl dEiuh dks Hkkjr ls ckgj fudky nsuk pkfg,^^A
fxfj/kj xksekaxks dk c;ku%& ^^tc isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh Vhe Hkkjr vk;h Fkh] rc ,d ;wfuV dh
dher 1200 #- crk;h x;h FkhA ysfdu vc ;g dher c<+kdj 8058 #- izfr ;wfuV dj nh x;h gSA
geus bl lEcU/k esa isIlh dksyk dEiuh dks 19 vizSy 1991 dks dkj.k crkvks uksfVl tkjh dj fn;k gS
vkSj dEiuh ls tckc ryc fd;k gSA
yksdlHkk v/;{k dk oDrO;%& ^^ea=hth] lkaln egksn; vkils ;g tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd vki isIlh
dEiuh dh ok;nk f[kykQh ds ckjs essa dksbZ dk;Zokgh tYnh djus tk jgs gSa ;k ugha\^^
ea=h fxfj/kj xksekaaxks dk c;ku%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us tks Hkh djkj Hkkjr ljdkj ls fd;k gS]
mldh lHkh “krksZa dk ikyu djuk gh gksxk^^A
t;iky jsM~Mh dk c;ku%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr esa ftl rjg dk dke
fd;k gS] og cgqr vkifRrtud gSA tc bl dEiuh ds lkFk djkj fd;k x;k Fkk] ml le; laln ds
nksuksas gh lnuksa esa cgl gq;h FkhA djkj dh “krksZa ij Hkh ppkZ gq;h FkhA ysfdu bl fons”kh dEiuh us vius
lkFk gq;s djkj dh ,d Hkh “krZ dks ugha ekuk gSA ljdkj us Hkh djkj Hkax ds vk/kkj ij dksbZ dk;Zokgh
ugha dh gSA
yksdlHkk v/;{k dh fVIi.kh%& ^^vkius tks Hkh dgk og lHkh dqN lkfcr gks pqdk gSA^^
t;iky jsM~Mh dk c;ku%& ^^ea=h egksn; us vius tokc esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS] fd dEiuh ds
}kjk crkbZ x;h dherksa esa gsjkQsjh gq;h gSA bl ckr dks mRiknu dj foHkkx us Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gSA^^ 23
ekpZ 1990 dks laln ¼yksdlHkk½ esa gq;h cgl%&
lqn”kZujk; pkS/kjh ¼lkaln½%& ^^iatkc ljdkj ,oa iatkc ds yksxkas dks isIlh dEiuh us /kks[kk fn;k
gSA u flQZ iatkc cfYd iwjs ns”k dks Hkh /kks[kk gqvk gSA gfjr Økafr] Qy Økafr vkfn dh lHkh ckrsa
[kks[kyh lkfcr gq;h gSaA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk vlyh mn~ns”; “khry is; vkSj vkyw fpIl cspus dk gh
Fkk] fdlkuksa dk Hkyk djus dk dksbZ] mn~ns”; ugha FkkA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP lq/khj fxjh ¼lkaln dk c;ku½%& ^^isIlh dEiuh us cgqr lkjs ok;ns fd;s Fks] ftlesa ls ,d Hkh
ok;nk iwjk ugha fd;k^^A
Mk- jkepUnz Mkse ¼lkaln½ dk c;ku%& ^^isIlh dEiuh us iatkc ds fdlkuksa esa ,d vk”kk iSnk dh
Fkh] fd nwljh gfjr Økafr iatkc esa fQj gksxhA isIlh ifj;kstuk ls 50]000 yksxksa dks jkstxkj feyus okyk
FkkA ysfdu vkt okLrfodrk D;k gS\ laln esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd bl dEiuh dk vejhdh xqIrpj
laLFkk lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk Hkh lEcU/k gSA lc tkurs gSa fd bl isIlh dEiuh us lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk feydj
fpyh ns”k dh vysUns ljdkj dk r[rk iyV djk;k FkkA eq>s Mj gS fd ;g dEiuh Hkkjr esa Hkh ,slk gh
jktuSfrd gLr{ksi dj ldrh gSA^^
6 fnlEcj] 1988 dks laln esa gq;h cgl %&
t;iky jsM~Mh ¼lkaln½ dk c;ku%& ^^bruh cM+h fons”kh dEiuh isIlh&dksyk] nl lky rd fcuk
“kq) equkQs ds Hkh O;kikj dj ldrh gSA D;ksafd bl dEiuh ds ikl vusdksa jkLrs gSa ftuds }kjk Hkkjr ls
/ku vejhdk ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA blesa ,d jkLrk ^^vksoj bUok;flax^^ (Over invoicing) dk gSA egRo
dh ckr ;g gS fd vkyw fpIl ,oa ikidkuZ dks rks fu;kZr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA rks ;s oLrq,a Hkkjrh;
cktkj esa gh csph tk;axhA ea=h egksn; D;k vkius bu ckrksa ij xEHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;k gS\ ea=h egksn;
vki gels dg jgs gSa fd isIlh dEiuh vius dqy mRiknu dk 25% gh “khry is; cukdj cspsxhA ysfdu
vkius vuqeku yxk;k gS fd ;g fdruk [krjukd gks ldrk gS\ ;fn isIlh dEiuh dk O;kikj LFkkfir gks
x;k rks ihNs&ihNs dksdk&dksyk dEiuh Hkh pyh vk;sxhA dksdk&dksyk dEiuh Hkkjr esa 100 izfr”kr
fu;kZr djus ds cgkus ls izos”k djus tk jgh gSA uke ds fy;s rks 100 izfr”kr fu;kZr fd;s tkus dh ckr
gS] ysfdu mRiknu dk 25% Hkkjrh; cktkj esa gh cspk tk;sxkA Hkkjr ds cktkjksa esa fQj dksyk ;q) “kq#
gksxkA tks vkfFkZd :i ls “khr ;q) ls Hkh Hk;adj gksxkA ;fn ljdkj pkgrh gS fd ns”k esa fLFkjrk ,oa
le`f) cuh jgs rks isIlh vkSj dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa dks dHkh Hkh Hkkjr esa O;kikj dh vuqefr ugha nh
tkuh pkfg,A^^
txnh”k VkbZVyj ¼ea=h½ dk c;ku%& ^^isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj dks cSad xkjaVh vkSj
dkuwuh xkjaVh nh gSA ;g dEiuh vius lHkh fu;kZr ok;nksa dks iwjk djsxh] ;g ge ns[ksaxsA ;g dEiuh
iatkc esa iSnk gksus okys Qy&lfCt;ksa dk 25% fu;kZr djsxh] ;g cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gSA^^
3 uoEcj 1988 dks laln esa gqbZ cgl%&
,u- bZ- cyjke ¼lkaln½ dk c;ku%& ^^vki isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks vuqefr nsus tk jgs gSaA bl
dEiuh ds }kjk fu;kZr djus ls lEcfU/kr lHkh ckrsa okLrfodrk ls cgqr nwj gSaA vki ea=h egksn; lnu
dks xqejkg ugha djsaA vki tkurs gSa fd bl dEiuh dk bfrgkl cgqr gh dkyk ,oa [kjkc jgk gSA ;g
cgqr gh dq[;kr ,oa cnuke dEiuh gSA bfrgkl dk gjsd fo|kFkhZ tkurk gS fd blh isIlh&dksyk dEiuh
us fpyh dh lYoknksj vysUns ljdkj dk r[rk iyV fn;k FkkA^^
nhisu?kks’k ¼lkaln½ dk c;ku%& ^^D;k ea=h egksn; nqfu;k esa ,d Hkh ,sls dkj[kkus dk irk crk
ldrs gSa tgk¡ isIlh&dksyk dEiuh Qyksa dk jl rS;kj djkrh gks] ,oa mldk fu;kZr djrh gks\^^
txnh”k VkbZVyj ¼ea=h½ dk c;ku%& ^^isIlh&dksyk }kjk fn;s x;s rF;k ls irk pyrk gS fd bl
dEiuh dk 60% O;kikj Qy mRiknksa ls tqM+k gqvk gSA^^
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP nhisu ?kks’k ¼lkaln½ dk c;ku%& ^^vki ea=h th xyr cksy jgs gSa vkSj vkidks xyr tkudkjh nh
x;h gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk iwjh nqfu;k eaa “khry is;ksa dk gh O;kikj gSA
;”koar flUgk ¼lkaln jkT;lHkk½ dk c;ku%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] isIlh&dksyk dk ekeyk cgqr gh
laosnu”khy gSA bl iwjs ekeys esa vk¡dM+ksa dh ckthxjh dh x;h gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us ljdkj dks ,oa
ns”k dks xqejkg fd;k gSA ;g dEiuh ns”k ds yksxksa dh ywV djus tk jgh gSA bl dEiuh us vius djkj
dh lHkh “krksZa dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA bl le; ekuuh; iz/kkuea=h lnu esa cSBs gq;s gSaA eSa ;g tkuuk
pkgrk gw¡ fd ljdkj bl dEiuh ds f[kykQ D;k dkuwuh ,oa iz”kklfud dk;Zokgh djus tk jgh gS\ ;fn
ea=h egksn; esjs iz”u dk mRrj ugha ns ldrs rks ekuuh; iz/kkueU=h bl iz”u dk mRrj nsa^^A
Mk- ;sykekapyh f”kokth ¼lkaln½%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] iwjs ns”k esa yksxksa ds chp ;g ppkZ gS fd Hkkjr
ljdkj us isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks eatwjh nsus ds fy;s gh ,d u;s ea=ky; ^[kk| izlaLdj.k^ dk xBu
fd;k gSA D;k vc isIlh ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh ds ckn bl ea=ky; dks lekIr dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,\
2 ebZ 1990 dks laln esa gq;h cgl%&
dey eksjkjdk ¼lkaln½%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] eSa isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk ds vkfFkZd i{k ls lEcfU/kr
dqN xaHkhj vkifRr lnu ds lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gw¡A “kq# esa tc bl ifj;kstuk dks ljdkj ds lkeus
eatwjh ds fy;s j[kk x;k Fkk] rc bldh ykxr 22 djksM+ #i;s FkhA vc bl ifj;kstuk dh ykxr c<+dj 75
djksM+ #- gks x;h gSA bl dher ds c<+us dk dksbZ Hkh dkj.k isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh vksj ls ugha fn;k
x;k gSA dEiuh dh vksj ls bl ckjs esa >wB cksyk tk jgk gSA^^
nhisu ?kks’k ¼lkaln½ dk c;ku%& ^^eSa orZeku ljdkj ls vihy djrk gw¡ fd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks
Hkkjr essa vuqefr ugha nh tkuh pkfg,A D;ksafd ;g dEiuh vius fdlh Hkh ok;ns dks iwjk ugha dj jgh gSA
bl dEiuh dh Hkkjr dks dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA bl dEiuh us ySfVu vejhdh ns”k fpyh esa Hk;adj mRikr
fd;k Fkk^^A
27 ekpZ 1990 dks laln esa gq;h cgl%&
[ksepUnz lksekHkkbZ pkoM+k ¼lkaln½%& ^isIlh vejhdk dh cgqr cM+h cgqjk’Vªh; dEiuh gSA bl
dEiuh us Hkkjr esa vkdj lHkh fu;eksa dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA bl dEiuh us ok;nk fd;k Fkk fd 50]000
yksxksa dks jkstxkj fn;k tk;sxk ysfdu ek= 400 yksxksa dks gh vHkh rd jkstxkj fn;k x;k gSA dEiuh us
dgk Fkk fd Qyksa dk izlaLdj.k djds fu;kZr fd;k tk;sxk] ysfdu vHkh rd dqN Hkh fu;kZr ugha fd;k tk
jgk gSA ;g dEiuh /kks[ksckt dEiuh gSA^^
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isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds
“khry is;ksa esa dhVuk”kd 5 vxLr] 2003 dks ^lsUVj Qkj lk;Ul ,UM ,uok;jesUV^ laLFkk dh iz;ksx”kkyk }kjk tkjh dh
x;h fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds “khry is;ksa esa] fu/kkZfjr ek=k ls dbZ xquk vf/kd
dhVuk”kd ik;s x;sA bl laLFkk ds rhu oSKkfudkas izks- ¼Mk-½ ,p-ch-ekFkqj] Mk- liuk tkWulu] ,oa vfouk”k
dqekj us isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds “khry is;ksa ds lHkh czkaM ukeksa ls fcdus okys is;ksa dk oSKkfud
ijh{k.k fd;kA bl ijh{k.k esa ygj isIlh] ygj lsou vi] ygj fefjUMk] dksdk&dksyk] FkElvi] fyEdk]
flVªk tSls djhc 12 czkaMks dks fy;k x;kA vkt dh izpfyr vUrjjk’Vªh; ijh{k.k rduhd] xSl
ØksesVksxzkQh dks bySDVªku dSIpj fMVsDVj (Electron Capture Detector) ,oa ukbVªkstu QkWLQksjl fMVsDVj
(Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector) dh enn ls ;s ijh{k.k fd;s x;sA bu ijh{k.kksa ls Kkr gqvk fd isIlh vkSj
dksdk&dksyk }kjk tks ikuh bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS& “khry is; cukus ds fy;s& ml ikuh esa gh
dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k cgqr vf/kd gSA nqfu;k dh fofHkUu laLFkkvksa tSls fo”o LokLF; laxBu] [kk| ,oa
d`f’k laxBu ¼,Q- ,- vks-½ vejhdh i;kZoj.k laj{k.k laLFkk (USEPA) [kk| ,oa vkS’kf/k iz”kklu (F.D.A.) us dhVuk”kdksa dh [kk| ,oa is; inkFkksZa essa mifLFkfr ds fy;s dqN ekun.M r; fd;s gq;s gSaA ;wjksih;
vkfFkZd vk;ksx (E.E.C) us ihus ds ikuh esa vf/kdre dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k 0-0001 feyhxzke izfr yhVj
r; dh gSA vFkkZr ,d yhVj ikuh esa vf/kd ls vf/kd 0-0001 feyhxzke dhVuk”kd dh mifLFkfr gks
ldrh gS tks euq’; dh lsgr ds fy;s T;knk [krjukd ugha ekuh tkrh gSA vHkh ;wjksi ds lHkh ns”kksa esa
25 fnlEcj 2003 ls u;s ekud r; fd;s tk jgs gSaA ftuds vuqlkj ihus ds ikuh esa ,d yhVj esa
vf/kdre 0-00003 feyhxzke gh dhVuk”kd gks ldsaxsA bl ek=k dks lqjf{kr ekuk tkrk gSA lsUVj Qkj
lk;Ul ,.M ,uok;jesUV ds oSKkfudksa us ;wjksi ds bUgha ekun.Mksas dks vk/kkj cukdj] Hkkjr esa fcdus okys
isIlh&dksdk&dksyk ds BaMs is;ksa dh tk¡p dhA bl tkap esa fyUMsu] DyksjksikbjhQkl] Mh-Mh-Vh-] eSykfFk;ku
tSls [krjukd dhVuk”kd isIlh o dksdk&dksyk ds “khry is;ksa esa ik;s x;sA bl dk;Z ds fy;s isIlh vkSj
dksdk&dksyk ds czkaM dh 36 cksrysa fnYyh ds fofHkUu cktkjksa ls [kjhnh x;haA ebZ 2003 esa budk ijh{k.k
fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr vejhdk ls Hkh isIlh&dksdk dksyk ds BaMs is;ksa ds uewus Hkh ijh{k.k fd;s
x;sA fnYyh ds cktkjksa ls izkIr “khry is;ksa esa tks Hkh [krjukd dhVuk”kd] tgjhys jlk;u ik;s x;s
mudh lwph vkSj ek=k uhps nh x;h gS&
BaMs is; dk dhVuk”kdka dh ek=k ;wjksih;ns”kksa esa ;wjksih; ns”kksa dh
czkaM uke ek=k izfryhVj esa] dhVuk”kdka dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr eaa
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isIlh 0-0187 feyhxzke
ekM.Vsu 0-0141 feyhxzzke
M&;w
MkbV isIlh 0-0071 feyhxzke
fefj.Mk 0-0196 feyhxzke
vkjsUt
fefjUMk yseu 0-0352 feyhxzke
Cyw isIlh 0-0142 feyhxzke
lsou&vi 0-0166 feyhxzke
dksdkdksyk 0-0223 feyhxzke
QSUVk 0-0214 feyhxzke
fyEdk 0-0148 feyhxzke
LizkbV 0-0055 feyhxzke
FkEl&vi 0-0111 feyhxzke
ek=k izfryhVj fdrus xquk vf/kd
esa dhVuk”kd
0-0005 37 xquk vf/kd
feyhxzke
0-0005 AA 28 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 14 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 39 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 70 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 29 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 33 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 45 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 43 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 30 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 11 xquk vf/kd
0-0005 AA 22 xquk vf/kd
Hkkjr esa fcdus okys ¼Åij nh x;h rkfydk ds vuqlkj½ isIlh&dksyk esa dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k
;wjksih; isIlh&dksyk esa dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k ls 37 xquk vf/kd gSA blh rjg Hkkjr esa fcdus okys
dksdk&dksyk esa ;wjksih; ekudksa dh rqyuk esa 45 xquk vf/kd dhVuk”kd tgj gSA blh rjg Hkkjr esa
fcdus okys FkEl vi esa ;wjksih; ekudksa dh rqyuk esa 22 xquk vf/kd dhVuk”kd tgj gSA Hkkjr esa fcdus
okys lsou vi esa rks ;wjksih; ekudksa dh rqyuk esa 70 xquk vf/kd dhVuk”kd tgj gSA Hkkjrh; fyEdk esa
;wjksih; ekudkssa dh rqyuk esa 30 xquk vf/kd dhVuk”kd tgj gSA blh rjg isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds
vU; lHkh czkUMksa esa dbZ xquk vf/kd dhVuk”kd tgj ik;k x;k gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa feys gq;s dhVuk”kdksa dk “kjhj o LokLF;
ij nq’izHkko isIlh&dksyk vkSj dksdk&dksyk ds “khry is;ksa esa pkj izdkj ds dhVuk”kd fyUMsu]
DyksjksikbjhQkl] Mh-Mh-Vh-] ,oa eSykfFk;ku ik;s x;sA bu dhVuk”kdksa dk “kjhj ds LokLF; ij cgqr gh
[kjkc vlj gksrk gSA fyUMsu uke dk tgjhyk dhVuk”kd “kjhj ds ikpurU= ,oa “olu rU= }kjk “kjhj
ds Årdksas esa (Fattissues) tek gksrk jgrk gSA ;g fyUMsu yhoj] fdMuh rFkk “kjhj dh izfrjks/kd rU= dks
cgqr uqdlku igq¡pkrk gSA fyUMsu uked dhVuk”kd tgj] dSalj vkSj tUetkr “kkjhfjd fod`fr;ksa ds
fy;s Hkh ftEesnkj gksrk gSA “kjhj dh ,UMksØkbu xzfUFk dks Hkh fyUMsu Hkkjh uqdlku igq¡pkrk gSA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP fyUMsu dh 40 feyhxzke ek=k fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh ¼efgyk ;k iq:’k½ dh iztuu {kerk dks lekIr
dj ldrh gSA iq:’kkas ds o`’k.k rU= (Testienlar system) dks cgqr cqjh rjg ls fyUMsu izHkkfor djrk gSA
efgykvksa ds fu;fer ekfldpØ dks Hkh fyUMsu izHkkfor djrk gSA efgykvksa ds “kjhj esas cuus okys
,LVªkstksu ,oa izkstsLVªksu gkeksZUl dh ek=k dks fyUMsu dkQh de dj nsrk gSA pwgksa ij fd;s x;s ijh{k.kksa
ls ;g fl) gqvk gS fd fyUMsu ls yhoj dSUlj gksrk gSA fyUMsu fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds rfU=dk rU= dks Hkh
cqjh rjg ls izHkkfor djrk gSA gn; dks jDr igq¡pkus okyh ufydkvksa dks Hkh fyUMsu dkQh {kfr igq¡pkrk
gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa fyUMsu ds ckn nwljk [krjukd tgjhyk dhVuk”kd Mh-Mh-Vh-
(Dichloro diphenyltrichlo roethane) ik;k x;kA ;g Mh-Mh-Vh- euq’; ds oh;Z esa “kqØk.kqvksa dh la[;k de
o{k dSUlj fodflr djus ds fy;s ftEesnkj ekuk tkrk gSA fL=;ksa ds “kjhj
ds fy;s lcls egRoiw.kZ ,LVªkstu uked gkeksZu dks Mh-Mh-Vh- de dj nsrk gSA bl dkj.k ls efgykvksa eas
fcuk fdlh dkj.k xHkZikr gksus vkSj o{kLFky ds dSUlj gksus dk [krjk iSnk gks tkrk gSA yEcs le; rd
cgqr vYi ek=k esa Hkh Mh-Mh-Vh- “kjhj esa tk;s rks yhoj dSUlj gksus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdks&dksyk esa rhljk [krjukd dhVuk”kd tgj DyksjksikbjhQkWl
(Chloropyrifos) feykA ;g dhVuk”kh tgj euq’; “kjhj ds efLr’d ,oa rfU=dk rU= (Nervous system) dks
cqjh rjg ls izHkkfor djrk gSA DyksjksikbjhQkWl efLr’d dh dksf”kdkvksa dks cqjh rjg ls u’V dj nsrk
gSA yxkrkj DyksjksikbZjhQkWl euq’; “kjhj esa cgqr gh vYi ek=k esa Hkh tk, rks fnekxh fodkl dks jksd
nsrk gSA “kjhj dh ekalisf”k;ksa dks Hkh detksj djus dk dke DyksjksikbZjhQkWl djrk gSA DyksjksikbjhQkWl
ls “kjhj dk fodkl Hkh #drk gS vkSj euq’; LoHkko esa Hkh fod`fr;k¡ vk tkrh gaSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa pkSFkk dhVuk”kh tgj eSykfFk;ku (Malathiyan) ik;k x;kA ;g
tgj Hk;adj dSaljdkjd gSA ;g dhVuk”kh tgj “kjhj ds rfU=dk rU= ij Hkh cgqr cqjk izHkko djrk gSA
efgykvksa eaas Lru dSalj Hkh fodflr djus dk dk;Z ;g eSykfFk;ku djrk gSA tUetkr “kkjhfjd
fodykaxrk dks Hkh iSnk djus dk dk;Z eSykfFk;ku djrk gSA ;g dhVuk”kh tgj i{kk?kkr dk Hkh dkj.k
cu ldrk gSA
egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds Hkkjr esa fcdus okys “khry is;ksa esa gh
;s dhVuk”kh tgj eSykfFk;ku] DyksjksikbZjhQkWl] Mh-Mh-Vh-] ,oa fyUMsu ik;k x;kA ysfdu tc isIlh&dksyk
,oa dksdk&dksyk ds vejhdk esa fcdus okys “khry is;ksa dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;k rks dksbZ Hkh dhVuk”kh
tgj muesa ugha ik;k x;kA
ekmaVsu M~;w esa dSQhu Hkh gn ls T;knk % lh,lbZ cgqjk’Vªh; daiuh isfIldks ds ns”k esa fcdus okys lk¶V fMªad ^ekmaVsu M~;w esa dSQhu dh
ek=k varjjk’Vªh; ekud ls cgqr T;knk gSA ;g [kqyklk lasVj vkWQ lkbal ,aM buok;juesaV
¼lh,lbZ½ dh v/;{kk lquhrk ukjk;.k us fd;k gSA lqJh ukjk;.k ds eqrkfcd phu] dukMk]
vkLVªsfy;k] nf{k.k vÝhdk] gkySaM] Lisu vkfn ns”kksa esa dsoy dksyk is; esa dSQhu feykus dh NwV gS]
og Hkh izfr yhVj ek= 150 feyhxzkeA Hkkjr esa lHkh rjg ds lk¶V fMªad esa izfr yhVj 200 feyh
xzke rd dSQhu feykus dh NwV gSA blh dk Qk;nk mBkdj “khry is; daifu;k¡ dSQhu feyk jgh
gSaA
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isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk D;k gSa\
lk¶V fMªad ,sls is; inkFkksZa dks dgk tkrk gS tks ikuh eas dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM xSl rFkk vU;
jklk;fud nzoksa tSls ,sflM vkSj ehBk cukus okys jlk;uksa dks feykdj cuk;s tkrs gSaA ysfdu buesa “kjkc
;k ,Ydksgy ugha gksrh gSA blfy;s bUgsa lk¶V fMªad dgk tkrk gSA bu lk¶V fMªaDl esa Qyksa dk jl ugha
gksrk gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk&tSls BaMs is;ksa esa 86 ls 90% rd ikuh gksrk gSA blesa Lokn dks
lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy;s dSQhu feyk;k tkrk gSA bldks ehBk cukus ds fy;s lSØhu dk ;k ,LijVse uked
jlk;u dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa nzo :i esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM xSl dks feyk;k tkrk gSA ;g
xSl ikuh esa thok.kqvksa dks iuius ls jkssdrh gSA bl xSl dh mifLFkfr ls gh lk¶V fMªaDl ihus ij eq¡g esa
okLrfodrk ls vf/kd BaMk gksus dk ,glkl gksrk gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa eq[; :i ls QkWLQksfjd ,sflM Hkh feyk;k tkrk gSA blds
vfrfjDr flfVªd ,sflM ,oa eSfyd ,sflM Hkh feyk;s tkrs gSaA bu vEyksa (Acids) dks feykus ls I;kl
cq>us dk ,glkl gksrk gSA lk¶V fMªaDl esaa feyk;s x;s jlk;uksa dh vkil esa fØ;kvksa dks jksdus ds fy;s
,Ldkjfcd ,sflM Hkh feyk;k tkrk gSA isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa jax nsus ds fy;s dSjkesy
(Caramel) uked jlk;u dk iz;kssx fd;k tkrk gSA isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dks yEcs le; rd
lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy;s iksVsf”k;e lkWjcsV uked jlk;u feyk;k tkrk gSA blds lkFk gh lksfM;e
csUtks,V (Sodium Bengoate) Hkh feyk;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr isfDVu] ,YxhusV (Alginate) tSls vU;
jlk;u dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa ikuh ds vfrfjDr tks Hkh jlk;u iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa mudh lwph
bl izdkj gSA
1½ dSQhu 2½ ,sLijVse ¼lSØhu ls 200 xquk vf/kd ehBk½ 3½ dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ¼nzo :i esa½ 4½
QkWLQksfjd ,sflM 5½ dSjkesy (Caramel) 6½ lksfM;e csUtks,V 7½ iksVsf”k;e lkWjcsV 8½ isfDVu 9½ ,YxhusV
10½ eSfyd ,flM cukus dh fof/k%&
lk¶V fMªaDl cukus ds fy;s lcls igys ikuh vkSj ehBk cukus okys jlk;u ,LijVse ;k lSØhu dks
feykdj ?kksy cuk;k tkrk gSA fQj blesa isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa dk fo”ks’k :i ls rS;kj
lkUnz ?kksy (Concentrate) feyk;k tkrk gSA mlds ckn vEyksa dks feykus dh fØ;k lEiUu gksrh gS ftlesa
QkWLQksfjd ,flM tSls vEy feyk;s tkrs gSaA bl fØ;k ls lhji tSlk cu tkrk gSA
blds ckn ikuh dks vkDlhtu eqDr cuk;k tkrk gSA mlds ckn mPp nkc (High Pressure) ij ikuh esa dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ¼nzo :i½ feyk;k tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa ikuh eas ls gok iwjh rjg fudy
tkrh gSA vc bl ikuh esa gh mi;qDr rjhds ls rS;kj lhji dks ,d fuf”pr ek=k esa feykdj cksryksa esa
Hkjdj fcØh ds fy;s Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa feyk;s tkus okys jklk;fud inkFkksZa dk “kjhj o LokLF; ij
nq’izHkko
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa feyk;s tkus okys lHkh jlk;ukssa dk “kjhj ij cgqr vf/kd nq’izHkko
gksrk gSA nqfu;k Hkj ds vusd ns”kksa esa fd;s x;s “kks/k ds vuqlkj isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ihus ls
eksVkik] e/kqesg (Diabetes), nar {k; (Tooth Decay), gfM~M;ksa dk {k; (osteoporosis), gn; jksx (Heart Disease), ,oa dbZ ekufld jksx gksrs gSaA isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk tSls “khry is;ksa esa QkWLQksfjd
,sflM] flfVªd ,sflM] eSfyd ,sflM tSls dbZ vEy gksus ds dkj.k bls ihus ls “kjhj esa vEyksa dh ek=k
c<+ tkrh gS] ftlds dkj.k ,flfMVh dh chekjh gksrh gSA isV esa dbZ vU; chekfj;k¡ Hkh bl vEyrk ds
c<+us ls gks tkrh gSaA vXuk”k; esa vEy vkSj {kkj dk ,d fuf”pr vkSj fu;fer vuqikr jgrk gS] ;g
vuqikr ,sflM ¼vEy½ dh ek=k c<+us ls fcxM+ tkrk gSA bl dkj.k isV esa tyu] [kV~Vh Mdkjsa] isV nnZ]
isV esa vYlj tSlh chekfj;k¡ iSnk gksrh gSaA vXuk”k; esa o ikpufØ;k esa Hkh [kjkch vkrh gS ftlls vipu
vkSj xSl dh leL;k Hkh gksrh gSA
dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM ,d fo’kSyh xSl gksrh gS] ftls gekjk “kjhj ,d csdkj inkFkZ ;k vuqi;ksxh
ekudj ckgj fudkyrk jgrk gSA ysfdu tc blh xSl dks “khry is;ksa ds ek/;e ls ge “kjhj esa Mkyrs
gSa rks gekjs QsQM+ksa ij bldk cqjk vlj gksrk gSA dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM ,oa QkWLQksfjd ,sflM rFkk
,LijVse dks lkFk feykdj tc “khry is; ds :i esa fi;k tkrk gS] rks ;g “kjhj dh gfM~M;ksa ds fy;s
t:jh iks’kd rRoksa dh deh djrk gS] blds dkj.k tYnh gh gfM~M;ksa ds VwV tkus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA
blh chekjh dks vkWfLV;ksiksjksfll dgrs gSaA bl chekjh esa gfM~M;ksa ds vUnj ekStwn dSfY”k;e ,oa
QkWLQksjl dk larqyu VwV tkrk gSA bl chekjh esa dSfY”k;e dh ek=k gfM~M;ksa esa cgqr gh de gks tkrh
gSA
gekjs nkWrksa ds Åij ,usey dh iVy gh nkWrksa dh lqj{kk dk dk;Z djrh gSA fdlh “khry is; esa
ekStwn ,sflM ds dkj.k nkWrksa dh j{kk djus okyh ;g iVy detksj gksrh tkrh gSA bl rjg nar{k; “kq#
gks tkrk gSA ysDVkscSlhyl (Lactobacilius) ,oa ,DVhuksekblsl (ACtinomyces) uke ds nks cSDVhfj;k eq¡g
ds vUnj cgqr rsth ls iSnk gksdj c<+rs gSa] tc lk¶V fMªaDl fi;k tkrk gSA bu nksuks gh cSDVhfj;k ds
fy;s vEyrk ¼,sflfMd½ ,oa ehBk okrkoj.k cgqr gh vuqdwy gksrk gSA ;s nksuksa cSDVhfj;k nar{k; rFkk
vU; eq¡gs ds jksxksa ds fy;s Hkh ftEesnkj gksrs gSaA eq¡g ds vUnj “khry is;ksa ls ,d vkSj cSDVhfj;k E;wVsUl
LVªsIVkslh (Mutans streptocci) iSnk gksrk gSA ;g cSDVhfj;k lk¶V fMªaDl esa feyk;s tkus okys ,LijVse
¼ehBk cukus ds fy;s½ ds dkj.k iSnk gksrk gSA ;g Hkh nar{k; dks cgqr c<+kok nsrk gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk tSls “khry is;ksa esa dSQhu Hkh feyk;k tkrk gSA ;g dSQhu gekjs
“kjhj ds dsUnzh; raf=dk ra= (Central Nervous System) dks cqjh rjg ls fcxkM+ ldrk gSA ;fn “kjhj esa
dSQhu dh ek=k vf/kd gks tk;s rks vfunzk] fpM+fpMk+iu] vR;f/kd fpark] volkn tSlh xaHkhj
chekfj;k¡ iSnk gks tkrh gSaA dSQhu ds dkj.k is”kkc esa tkus okys dSfY”k;e dh ek=k cgqr vf/kd c<+
tkrh gS] bl dkj.k Hkh vkLVh;ksiksjksfll chekjh gks tkrh gSA fdlh efgyk dks xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku ;fn
isIlh&dksyk ;k dksdk&dksyk tSls is; fiyk;s tk;a rks xaHkhj :i ls xHkZikr dk [krjk rFkk xHkZLFk f”k”kq
dh “kkjhfjd lajpuk esa fod`fr dk [krjk c<+ tkrk gSA vf/kd ek=k esa dSQhu uiqaldrk Hkh iSnk djrh
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP gSA lHkh “khry is;ksa esa [kkldj isIlh vkSj dksdk&dksyk esa xgjk yky jax nsus ds fy;s dSjkesy
(Caramel) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks vR;f/kd dSaljdkjd gSA blh rjg isIlh vkSj dksdk&dksyk esa
bLrseky gksus okys iksVsf”k;e lkWjcsV ,oa lkssfM;e csUtks,V Hkh dSaljdkjd gSaA ;s nksuksa jlk;u euq’; dh
vkuqoaf”kd lajpuk eas Hkh Hkkjh fod`fr iSnk dj nsrs gSaSA isIlh vkSj dksdk&dksyk esa uk rks izksVhu uk gh
dksbZ foVkfeu gksrs gSaA
vejhdk ls izdkf”kr ^^Dyhfudy fjlpZ U;wt ysVj^^ uked oSKkfud if=dk esa Mk- tkWMuZ
fØLVsUlu }kjk fy[ks x;s ,d ys[k esa crk;k x;k gS] fd ^^dksYM fMaªDl^^ esa dqN Hkh iks’kdrk ugha gksrh
gSA ;s dksYM fMªaDl nkWrksa dks lcls vf/kd uqdlku igq¡pkrs gSaA bu “khry is;ksa ls nk¡rksa esa xM~Ms (Cavity) vkSj nk¡rksa esa lM+u iSnk gksrh gSA fo[;kr esMhdy tuZy ySUlsV ds vuqlkj dksYM fMªaDl ls izkd`frd
Hkw[k yxus ds rU= esa vfu;ferrk iSnk gksrh gSA blls {kf.kd ,oa d`f=e Hkw[k yxrh gS vkSj isIlh&dksd
ihus okys dqN uk dqN [kkrs jgrs gSaA ftlds dkj.k eksVkik c<+us yxrk gSA tSls gh ge dqN [kkrs gSa
rks isV ls fnekx dks ,d lans”k igq¡p tkrk gS fd bruk Hkkstu isV esa vk pqdk gSA fQj fnekx ls “kjhj
ds nwljs fgLlksa dks Hkkstu larqf’V dk lans”k igq¡prk gSA ysfdu dksYM fMªaDl ds :i esa ge tks Hkh ysrs gSa
og rjy gksus ds dkj.k isV ls tYnh gh lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj larqf’V dk vuqHko ugha jgrk] blls
fQj Hkw[k yxus yxrh gS vkSj fQj [kkuk [kkrs gSaA bl rjg eksVkik c<+us yxrk gSA vejhdk esa vkt
70% yksx eksVkis ds f”kdkj gSa mldk dkj.k isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk gh gSaaA
blh esfMdy tuZy ySUlsV ds vuqlkj ^^isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa feyk;k tkus okyk
jlk;u ,LijVse ew=uyh dk dSUlj Hkh dj nsrk gSA bl jlk;u ds dkj.k czsu gsejst Hkh gks ldrk gSA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa Mkyk x;k dSQhu ,d mRrstd jlk;u gSA ;g “kjhj dks FkksM+h nsj ds
fy;s mRrsftr dj nsrk gSA fny dh /kM+du dks c<+k nsrk gSA blls FkksM+s le; ds fy;s “kjhj esa jDr
lapkj rst gks tkrk gS vkSj ge FkksM+h nsj ds fy;s rjksrktk eglwl djus yxrs gSaA ysfdu ckj&ckj ,slk
gkssus ij “kjhj dh thouh “kfDr de gksus yxrh gSA dSQhu gekjh vk¡rksa dks rFkk vek”kk; dh nhokjksa dks
Hkh uqdlku igq¡pkrk gS] ftlds dkj.k vYlj gks tkrk gSA^^
dbZ oSKkfudksa us ;g fl) fd;k gS fd dSalj dh dksf”kdk;sa vkDlhtu dh mifLFkfr esa FkksM+s gh
le; ftUnk jgrh gSa] tcfd ;gh dSalj dksf”kdk;a dkcZu Mkb&vkWDlkbZM dh mifLFkfr esa Hkjiwj o`f)
djrh gSaA blds vykok vf/kd vEyrk dh fLFkfr Hkh dSalj dksf”kdkvksa dh o`f) ds fy;s vuqdwy gksrh
gSA vr% dkcZu MkbZ&vkWDlkbM ,oa QkWLQksfjd vEy nksuksa dh mifLFkfr dSalj dksf”kdkvksa dh o`f) djus
esa lgk;d gksrh gSA vf/kd ek=k esa isIlh&dksyk ,ao dksdk&dksyk dk lsou lsfjczy QkYlh uke dh
[krjukd chekjh dks tUe nsrk gSA bl chekjh esa ekufld viaxrk iSnk gks tkrh gSA fnekx dh raf=dk;a
Hkh bl chekjh esa u’V gks tkrh gSaA isIlh&dksd ds vf/kd lsou ls yhoj&fljksfll Hkh gks tkrk gSA
lkekU; :i ls ;g yhoj&fljksfll chekjh mu yksxksa dks gh gksrh gS tks “kjkc dk lsou vf/kd djrs gSaA
isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dh vEyh;rk ¼,sflfMVh½
5 vxLr 2003 dks tkjh dh x;h lsUVj Qkj lk;Ul ,.M ,uok;jesUV dh fjiksVZ esa isIlh&dkssyk
,oa dksdk&dksyk dh vEyh;rk (Acidity) dh tkap fjiksVZ Hkh nh x;h gSA mi;qDr laLFkk ds oSKkfudksa us
isIlh&dksyk rFkk dksdk&dksyk ds lHkh 12 czkaMksa dh 3&3 cksryksa dk ijh{k.k fd;k FkkA vFkkZr~ dqy 36
izR;sd cksry esa fdruk tgjhyk dhVuk”kd ¼fyUMsu] Mh-Mh-Vh]
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ds lkFk uhps dh lkfj.kh esa fn;k x;k gSA “kq) ihus ds ikuh dh vEyh;rk 7 (7PH) gksrh gSA 7 ls de
PH eku dks vEy rFkk 7 Ph ls vf/kd eku dks {kkj dgk tkrk gSA vEy ftruk vf/kd rhoz gksrk gS
mldk Ph eku 7 ls mruk gh de gksrk gSA 7 Ph ls de eku 6] 5] 4] 3] 2] 1] Ph gksus ls vEyh;rk
rhoz gksrh tkrh gSA vr% 6 Ph dk vEy] 5 Ph dk mlls vf/kd vEy] 4 Ph dk vkSj Hkh vf/kd vEy] 3
Ph dk vkSj Hkh vf/kd vEyA tSls&tSls Ph eku ?kVrk tkrk gS] vEyh;rk ¼vEy dh ek=k½ vf/kd ls
vf/kd c<+rh tkrh gSAikcanh D;ka ugha \
WWW.RAJIgfMMI;ksaTMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) ls dSfY”k;e lks[k ysrs gSa “khry is; ubZ fnYyh ¼,tsafl;ka½A esa dhVuk”kdksa dh ekStwnxh ds oSKkfud izek.k feyus ds
us “khry is; ds vf/kd miHkksx ls gksus okys [krjs ds ckjs esa Hkh psrkouh nh gSA
fo”ks’kKksa dk dguk gS fd cPpksa ds eu essa dSfY”k;e ls Hkjiwj nw/k ds izfr
oSjkX; txkus eas dk lcls cM+k gkFk gSA ;s “khry is; ls dSfY”k;e dh ek=k dks lks[k ysrs gSaA lksMk esa mifLFkr QkLQksfjd ,flM “kjhj esa dSfY”k;e
ls fey tkrk gS vkSj gfM~M;ka dks dSfY”k;e ugha fey ikrkA blds vykok dksyk esa mifLFkr
dSQhu ew=o)Zd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS ftlls “kjhj ls vkSj T;knk ek=k esa dSfY”k;e ckgj fudy tkrk gSA ;gk¡ fLFkr th- ,e- eksnh vLirky ds ofj’B vfLFk “kY; fpfdRld Mk- eukst efyd ds vuqlkj vkWfLV;ksiksjksfll ls “kjhj esa dSfY”k;e dh deh ds dkj.k gfM~M;ksa
dk ?kuRo ,oa vkfLFk eTtk cgqr de gks tkrk gSA lkFk gh gfM~M;kas dh cukoV Hkh [kjkc gks tkrh gS ftlls gfM~M;ka vR;ar HkqjHkqjh vkSj vfr laosnu”khy gks tkrh gSaA bl dkj.k gfM~M;ksa ij gYdk ncko iM+us ;k gYdh pksV yxus ij Hkh os VwV tkrh gSaA
vksfLV;ksiksjksfll dks [kkeks”k chekjh Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd blds xaHkhj :i ysus
vkSj gfM~M;ksa ds vpkud QSDpj gksus ls igys bldk rfud Hkh vkHkkl ugha gksrkA vesfjdh
esfMdy ,lksfl,”ku ds v/;;u esa ik;k x;k fd fiNys dqN o’kksZa ds nkSjku dSfY”k;e dh
esa esa
56 izfr”kr rd c<+ x, gSaA cksu ds;j QkmaMs”ku vkWQ bafM;k ds v/;{k Mk- lqHkk’k “kY;k dk
dguk gS fd de O;k;ke] nw/k dk de lsou vkSj lksMk dk vf/kd lsou djus okyh gekjh
orZeku ih<+h de ds lkFk cM+h gks jgh gSA lcls T;knk fpark
dh ckr gS fd orZeku ih<+h de dSfY”k;e okyk vkgkj vkSj foVkfeu ^Mh^ dh vi;kZIr ek=k
gfM~M;ksa dk ?kUkRo de djus ds lkFk&lkFk mUgsa detksj dj jgh gSA dSfY”k;e
dk lcls cM+k lzksr nw/k vkSj nqX/k mRikn ga] ysfdu vkt ds cPps u rks <ax dk [kkuk [kk jgs ga vkSj u nw/k
ih jgs gaA
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ikcanh D;ksa ugha \ varr% lkfcr gks x;k fd isIlh vkSj dksdkdksyk Hkkjr esa yksxksa dh tku ls [ksy jgs gSaA “kjn
iokj dh v/;{krk okyh la;qDr lalnh; lfefr us lsaVj QkWj lkbal ,aM ,Uok;jesaV ¼lh- ,l-
bZ-½ dh jiV dks lgh ekukA lp ;gh gS fd cgqjk’Vªh daifu;k¡ vU; ns”kksa esa ftl xq.koÙkk dk
eky csprh gSa] Hkkjr esa oSlk ugha csprhaA Hkjiwj dhVuk”kd feykrh gSa vkSj tjk Hkh ,glkl
ugha djrha fd Hkkjrh;ksa dh ftanxh Hkh mruh gh dherh gS ftruh vU; ns”kksa dhA mudk
utfj;k ;gh gS fd Hkkjr xjhc yksxksa dk ns”k gS blfy, mls varjjk’Vªh; lqj{kk ekudksa dks
ikus dk gd ugha gS] laln dh dSaVhu esa bu cksrycan ,oa fMCckcan “khry is;ksa dh vkiwfrZ ij
jksd mlh fnu yxk nh xbZ Fkh tc lh-,l-bZ us BaMs esa tgj dk inkZQk”k fd;k FkkA ysfdu
rc ls vc rd eghuka chrus ds ckn Hkh laln Hkou ds ckgj ns”k esa vke turk ds fy,
bldh fcØh ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha yxkbZ xbZA tsihlh dh jiV esa Hkh ikcanh dh dksbZ ckr ugha
gSaA dsoy ;g dgk x;k gS fd cksryksa esa dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k varjjk’Vªh; Lrj ls cgqr
T;knk gS] vkSj ;g vkifÙktud gSA daifu;ka dks ekud lq/kkjuk gksxkA jk’Vªh; Lrj ij u,
ekud cuk, tk,axs] mUga eatwjh feysxh] os ?kksf’kr gksaxs] mlds ckn gh ykxw gksaxsA eghuksa dk
ekeyk gS] ;k “kk;n lky yx tk,] D;ksafd tsihlh jiV esa gh eghuksa yxs gSaA pquko dk
fcxqy ugha ctrk rks “kk;n blesa vkSj foyac gks ldrk FkkA brus fnuksa rd isIlh]
dksdkdksyk fcdrs gh jgs] vkxs Hkh fcdrs jgaxsA yksxksa esa vius LokLF; ds izfr dqN
tkx:drk iSnk gqbZ gS] ftlds dkj.k BaMs dh fcØh ?kVh gS] can ugha gqbZ gSA tsihlh jiV ds
ckn dqN vkSj yksx Mj dj ihuk can dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd ;s
dks ;g Hkjkslk fnyk nsa fd os vc varjjk’Vªh;
Lrj dk gh BaMk ;gk¡ Hkh csp jgs gSaA blfy, Mjus dh dksbZ ckr ugha gSA nksuksa gkykrksa esa
ljdkjh ekudksa ds ykxw gksus rd vkSj yk[kksa cksrysa ns”kokfl;ksa ds daB ls uhps mrj tk,axhA
tsihlh u, ekudksa ds ykxw gksus rd budh fcØh ij ikcanh dh flQkfj”k Hkh dj ldrh FkhA
ysfdu mlus ,slk ugha fd;kA cgqjk’Vªh; daifu;ksa dks rks flQZ equkQs ls eryc gS] ysfdu
tsihlh ds lnL; rks Hkkjrh;ksa ds tuizfrfuf/k gSaA mUgksaus ns”kokfl;ka ds LokLF; dh fpark dh]
cM+h vPNh ckr gS] ysfdu ;g fpark v/kwjh gSA vc tc ;g jiV ljdkj dks is”k gks pqdh gS]
mls pkfg, fd u, ekudksa ds ykxw gksus rd bu “khry is;ksa dh fcØh ij izfrca/k ykxw dj
nsA og tgk¡ gj fnu yksxksa ds Hkys ds fy, ?kks’k.kk,a dj jgh gS] ;g t:jh ?kks’k.kk Hkh dj
ldrh gSA
ysfdu] lansg dh dkyh Nk;k ;gk¡ Hkh ekStwn gSA tsihlh fjiksVZ LokLF; ea=h
lq’kek Lojkt }kjk laln esa isIlh ,oa dksd tSlh daifu;ksa dks nh xbZ DyhufpV ls Hkh esy
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP ugha [kkrhA Jherh Lojkt us lh- ,l- bZ- fjiksVZ ij eps coky ds chp laln dks ;g
tkudkjh nh Fkh fd ljdkj us tks tk¡p djkbZ gS] mlesa bu is;ka esa dhVuk”kd dh ek=k lh-
,l-bZ- }kjk crk, x, Lrj ls dkQh de gS vkSj ;s ekU; gSaA vc tsihlh fjiksVZ ls lq’kek
Lojkt dV?kjs esa gSa] ysfdu tkfgj gS fd ljdkj mudk cpko ;g dgdj gh ldrh gS fd
mlus gh tsihlh tk¡p djokbZA laHkor% tk¡p lfefr us Hkh bl ckr dk /;ku j[kk vkSj viuh
fjiksVZ dh fn”kk cny nhA lfefr ds ,d lnL; ,oa f”kolsuk lkaln lat; fu#ie us dgk
Hkh fd lh-,l-bZ- fjiksVZ lgh gS ;k xyr ;g eqík ugha gS] eqík ;g gS fd “khry is;ka esa
dhVuk”kd ekStwn gSaA “kk;n ;g etcwjh dk Hkh ekeyk gSA dhVuk”kdksa dh ekStwnxh bruh
T;knk gS fd fNikbZ ugha tk ldrh] blfy, eku yh xbZ] ysfdu ;g dcwyh lh-,l-bZ- fjiksVZ
ds cjkcj ugha gSA tsihlh us lh-,l-bZ- dh bl [kkst jiV ds fy, rks iz”kalk dh] ysfdu mls
fo”oluh;rk cuk, j[kus dh lh[k Hkh nh] [kkldj dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k ds ekeys esaA
tsihlh us viuh fjiksVZ esa dgk gS fd lh-,l-bZ- dks viuh fjiksVZ tkjh djus ls igys fdlh
iz;ksx”kkyk ls iqf’V djkuh pkfg, Fkh] D;ksafd dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k mruh ugha feyh ftruh
mlus dgh FkhA okLro esa ftu ik¡p iz;ksx”kkykvksa esa vyx&vyx ijh{k.k djk, x,] muesa
dhVuk”kdksa dh ek=k ds ckjs esa vyx&vyx Lrj gSaA fdlh Hkh nks fjiksVZ esa dhVuk”kd dh
crkbZ xbZ ek=k leku ugha gSA gkyk¡fd bldk ,d eq[; dkj.k rks ijh{k.k ds le; dk
rkieku ,oa vyx&vyx txgksa ls fy;s x, uewuksa dks crk;k tk jgk gSA oSls Hkh tgk¡
cksrycan is; j[ks gksaxs] ogk¡ ds ok;qe.My dk izHkko rks ml ij iM+rk gh gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa dguk dfBu gS fd vjcka #i, ds bl /ka/ks dks can djus dh ckr gksxhA
tsihlh }kjk 300 i`’Bksa esa izLrqr fjiksVZ dk eq[; tksj bl ckr ij gS fd
cksrycan is;ksa ,oa [kk| inkFkksZa ds fy, mi;qDr lqj{kk ekud r; gksuk pkfg,A njvly]
lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ esa vke vkneh ds LokLF; dks vk/kkj cukdj ;g dgk gS fd LokLF;
ds lkFk fdlh izdkj dk f[kyokM+ ugha gksuk pkfg,A “kjn iokj dh v/;{krk esa xfBr la;qDr
lfefr dh 16 flracj 2003 dh igyh cSBd esa gh bldk nk;jk c<+k fn;k x;k Fkk ,oa blesa
lHkh izdkj ds cksrycan is; inkFkZ “kkfey dj fy, x, FksA bl lanHkZ esa lfefr dk fu’d’kZ
gS fd ekud r; ugha gksus ls gh lkjh leL;k,¡ [kM+h gqbZ gSa vkSj NksVh cM+h lHkh daifu;k¡
bldk ykHk mBkrh gSaA rks isIlh vkSj dksdk dksyk dks Hkkjr esa izfrcaf/kr fd, tkus dk rks
dksbZ loky ugha gS] ysfdu mu ij vadq”k rks yx gh ldrk gSA mUgsa equkQk[kksjh eas euekuh ls
rks jksdk gh tk ldrk gSA
tsihlh us ns”k esa ,d ^vfuok;Z QwM fjdky^ iz.kkyh LFkkfir djus dh fgek;r
dh gS] rkfd ?kfV;k vkSj tksf[ke okys mRiknka dks u flQZ cktkj ls okil ysus dh O;oLFkk
gks] cfYd mUga lac) vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ekStwnxh esa u’V Hkh fd;k tk,A lfefr dk ekuuk gS
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP ds ekeys esa miHkksDrkvksa ds fy, fo”okl Hkjs mik; fd, tkus pkfg, vkSj
blds fy, t:jh gS fd izR;sd mRikn ij ,d ,slk ^yksxks^ yxk gks] ftlesa mRikn dh lqj{kk
ds laca/k esa ?kks’k.kk dh xbZ gks] lfefr dk lq>ko gS fd ;g ^yksxks^ reke ij
gksuk pkfg,] fQj pkgs og rktk gks ;k izlaLd`r vkSj bl ^yksxks^ dks mRikn fuekZrk dh
Lokxr ;ksX; gSaA QkLV QwM ds bl nkSj esa
,slh lko/kkfu;k¡ csgn t:jh gks xbZ gSaA
laikndh;] yksder lekpkj
6 Qjojh 2004
WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP Øaekd czkaM uke isIlh vkSj cSp uEcj vEyh;rk PH dhVuk”kdksa dh
dksdk dksyk ds eku (Acidity) ek=k] feyhxzke
izfr yhVj esa
1 isIlh&1 PN.99 2.32 0.0209 2 IksIlh&2 P.03.76.06:06 2.37 0.0170
3 isIlh&3 P.03.54.01:50 3322 0.0181 4 ekMUVsu M;w&1 MO.03.19.10:00 33.3 0.0134 5 ekMUVsu M;w&2 MO.03.13.15:02 33.2 0.0093 6 ekMUVsu M;w&3 MO.03.26.17:12 33.2 0.0195 7 MkbV isIlh&1 OP.03.11.18:21 33.. 0.0082 8 MkbV isIlh&2 OP.09.9.14:25 332 0.0056 9 MkbV isIlh&3 OP.03.11.20:21 332 0.0074 10 fefj.Mk vksjsUt&1 MO.03.24.22:08 33.2 0.0246 11 fefj.Mk vksjsUt&2 MO.03.27.15:22 332. 0.0154 12 fefj.Mk vksjsUt&3 L3 332. 0.0189 13 fefj.Mk yseu&1 ML.03.9.21:21 33.. 0.0373 14 fefj.Mk yseu&2 ML.03.07.15:23 33.2 0.0311 15 fefj.Mk yseu&3 ML.03.13.17:43 332. 0.0372 16 Cyw isIlh&1 PB.03.19.13:57 3322 0.0117 17 Cyw isIlh&2 PB.03.18.21:20 332. 0.0187 18 Cyw isIlh&3 PB.03.19.21:28 33.3 0.0138 19 lsou vi&1 S.03.02.19:06 2322 0.0163 20 lsou vi&2 S.03.02.00:43 233 0.0178 21 lsou vi&3 S.03.02.20:24 3.1 0.0156 22 dksdk dksyk&1 BN.724 332 0.0223 23 dksdk dksyk&2 BN.512 3332 0.0174 24 dksdk dksyk&3 BN.738 3322 0.0273 25 QSUVk&1 BN.780 332. 0.0303
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WWW.RAJIVDIXITJI.COM | VIDEO | AUDIO | ANDROID APP QSUVk&2 BN.776 332. 0.0187 QSUVk&3 BN.537 3322 0.0152 fyEdk&1 BN.747 33.2 0.0142 fyEdk&2 BN.757 33.2 0.0157 fyEdk&3 BN.753 3322 0.0146 LizkbV&1 BN.787 3.1 0.0044 LizkbV&2 BN.796 3 0.0051 LizkbV&3 BN.791 3 0.0070
FkEl vi&1 BN.720 332. 0.0110 FkEl vi&2 BN.727 333. 0.0107 FkEl vi&3 BN.525 33.. 0.0118