ISLAM Re-cap yesterday’s mosque debate

What was the debate about? What were the two sides of the debate?

What is Islam?

THE MUSLIM WORLD

Emergence of Islam

Teachings of Islam

Achievements in the Muslim World

EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: GEOGRAPHY

Arabian Peninsula (Southwestern Asia)

Today this area is known as Saudi Arabia

EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: GEOGRAPHY What do you see?

Sandstorms

Mostly desert

People settle mostly at or near an oasis

EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: MUHAMMAD Muhammad

Born in 570 B.C.E. in Mecca (site of Hajj today)

At about 40 years old, begins to experience visions

Becomes the prophet of Islam

Message:

“Recite!” “One True God”

Allah

EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: HIJRA Not everyone listened to Muhammad

Mecca at this time was a commercial center Merchants live off of people coming to pray to

the traditional gods and idols Why do you think merchants would have a problem

with Muhammad’s teachings?

Faced with threats of murder, Muhammad and followers leave Mecca for Yathrib This journey is known as the hijra

TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: MONOTHEISM Arabian Peninsula at this time

Clan-based society Worship Gods and idols

Monotheism Very new to area Threatened society

TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: QURAN The Quran

Sacred word of God (through Muhammad) In Arabic, it is the direct and un- changeable word of God All followers learn Arabic

How do you think this has helped unite Muslims from different places?

Ethical teachings Honesty, generosity, social justice Complete guide to living a good life Final authority on all matters

TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: PEOPLE OF THE BOOK Monotheism was not new to everyone

Judaism and Christianity = the People of the BookShared beliefs:• One God• Adam and Eve• Abraham• Word of God

Differences:• Torah and Bible only partial revelation

• God has no son

Muhammad taught tolerance In general, People of the Book enjoy religious freedom

TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH Five pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim faith

Just as video showed, not all Muslims know all 5

1. Shahadah (The Testimony of Faith) What is a testimony? What does it mean to

testify in court? “la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadun rasoolu Allah.”

These are the only words you have to say with conviction to become Muslim

There is no God besides Allah None has the right to be worshipped besides him God has no partner God has no son

TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH2. Salah (Prayer)

Pray five times a day As many as you can – some more, some

less This brings a direct link between the

worshipper and Allah.

3. Zakat (Charity) Give as much as you can Give of yourself through good deeds

TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH4. Saum (Fasting)

During the month of Ramadan all Muslims fast from sunrise until sunset abstaining from food and drink

5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) Travel to Mecca at one time in your life if you can

What do you see?

ACHIEVEMENT Trade Art and Humanities Literature and Writing Mathematics Music Science and Medicine

ACHIEVEMENT: TRADE Trade was an integral part of the Muslim world

Merchants were honored Muhammad was a merchant

Trade Spreads products and technology

Manufacturing Artisans produce wealth of fine goods

Guess what?! Trade = Peace and Prosperity = Innovation

ACHIEVEMENT: TRADE Trade expands

Camel caravans “ships of the desert” Travel the Silk Road

ACHIEVEMENT: ART

Many works of art are rich in history and beauty

Interwoven with beautiful storiesOne Thousand Arabian Nights

Late one night I was suddenly awakened by a rustling noise outside my window. Through a space in the blinds, I saw a large rectangular carpet hovering above the willow tree. I opened the window, and the carpet … What does this remind you of?

ACHIEVEMENT: ARCHITECTURE Mosques

Minarets

ACHIEVEMENT: SCIENCE AND MEDICINE Astronomy

Navigation

Pharmacology

Anatomy

Medical Practices

ACHIEVEMENT: LITERATURE AND WRITING Arabic

Importance to faith

Poetry

Calligraphy

Largest library of time-Baghdad

Knowledge

ACHIEVEMENT: MATH Arabic Numerals

Pioneered the study of algebra

Geometry is vital to Muslim culture

ACHIEVEMENT: MUSIC New instruments

Dancing

Important for prayer services

Songs tell tales and religious teachings

YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit

Achievements in the Muslim World Pick 1 category you are interested in Sign up TODAY Research tomorrow and Friday DUE Tuesday, November 30th

Tuesday after Thanksgiving Break

YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit Requirements:

One artifact from the Muslim world One paragraph describing the what, where,

when, who, how and WHY WHY question is most important (and is your

reflection): Why was your artifact important in history? Why is your artifact important in our world today?

Museum Exhibit Day Wednesday, December 1

YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit

Achievements in the Muslim World Pick 1 category you are interested in Sign up TODAY Research tomorrow and Friday DUE Tuesday, November 30th

Tuesday after Thanksgiving Break

TODAY

5 minute warm-up quiz Questions and answers about the spread

of Islam Sunni-Shi’a Divide Reminder: Museum Exhibits DUE

TOMORROW Reminder: Exam and Study Guide

THURSDAY

5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ1. Where was Muhammad born?

a. Medinab. Oasisc. Meccad. Yathrib

5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ2. Which of the following is NOT a

message that Muhammad preached to his followers?

a. Treat each other well.b. You will be judged by God in the next life.c. There is only one God.d. The poor should be ignored.

5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ3. All of the following are reasons that

Muhammad was seen as a threat to the stability of society in Mecca EXCEPT:

a. His message was embraced by the wealthy.b. His followers were those with little to lose:

the poor, enslaved and women.c. His belief in one God threatened those who

profited from the worship of idols. d. His teachings encouraged equality for all.

ISLAM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What happened after Muhammad?

How did the Islamic empire spread?

What were the impacts of the spread?

What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?

ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD What happened after Muhammad?

Muhammad had united Arab tribes

Many worried that Islam would disappear without him

ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD What happened after Muhammad?

Abu Bakr Early follower of Muhammad Early convert to Islam Becomes the first caliph “If you worship Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. If

you worship God, God is alive.” Reunites Arab tribes based on allegiance to religion

Spread of Islam into the Islamic empire

ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread?

ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread? ENTER MAP HERE

ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread? ENTER MAP HERE

ISLAM: EMPIRE How did the Islamic empire spread?

Spread happens very quickly…but WHY? Some welcomed as liberators

Generally, non-Muslims allowed to practice own faith Taxation on non-Muslims

Fighting methods

Common faith Message of faith is attractive Five Pillars Language Promise of paradise for falling in battle or jihad

IMPACTS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE What were the impacts of the spread?

Political Sharia Law Division into Sunni, Shiite, Sufi

Social Women – confirmed their spiritual equality Veiling and seclusion – based on Persian and Byzantine traditions of upper-class women

Hijab and Niqab

IMPACTS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE What were the impacts of the spread?

Economic Trade Baghdad’s splendor Abbasid Golden Age

Religion Adopted by many when Christianity is

becoming very powerful Jerusalem and Constantinople

ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?

Muhammad dies without leaving a successor

Sunni beliefs: Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders Caliph is not a religious authority

Shi’a/Shiite beliefs: Only true successors are descendents of Muhammad’s

daughter and son-in-law Fatima and Ali Divine inspiration of descendants

ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE What does the divide mean today?

80%-90% of Muslims are Sunni Issues of minority and majority in the

Middle East Violence Political unrest

Example: Iraq

ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE

Is peace possible for these groups? What are their similarities and differences?