islam expands chapter 10 section 2. key terms caliph umayyads shi’a sunni sufi abbasids al-andulas...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Islam ExpandsChapter 10
Section 2
![Page 2: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Key Terms
CaliphUmayyadsShi’aSunni
SufiAbbasidsAl-AndulasFatimid
![Page 3: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
Muhammad had not named a successor
Abu-Baker loyal friend
Caliph- means successor or deputy
![Page 4: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Right Guided Caliphs
Umar, Uthman, and Ali all had know Muhammad
Rule was called caliphate
Jihad-striving against evil
Encouraged and justified expansion
![Page 5: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Right Guided Caliphs
634 AD Muslim state controlled Arabia
Umar second caliph conquered Syria and Egypt
Uthman and Ali expanded territory from Atlantic ocean to Indus River
![Page 6: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Reasons for Success
Muhammad had expressed desire to spread Islam
Victories a sign of Allah’s support
Gave energy and inspiration
Willing to struggle
![Page 7: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Reasons for Success
Muslim armies well trained and disciplined
Weakness in other empires
Persecuted people often welcomed invaders
Attracted to message of equality and hope
![Page 8: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Treatment of Conquered People
Muslims allowed conquered people to keep their religions
Christians and Jews paid a poll tax in exchange for exception of military duties
Subject to various restriction
Could not spread religion but could be officials and scholars
![Page 9: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Internal Conflict Creates Crisis
656 Uthman murdered
Ali rightful rulerChallenged by
Muyawiya governor of Syria
Ali was assassinated
Umayyads-family that came to power
![Page 10: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Internal Conflict and Crisis
Moved Muslim capitol to Damascus
Made controlling conquered territories easier
Surrounded themselves with wealth and ceremony
Started a split
![Page 11: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sunni- Shi’a Split
Majority of Muslims adopted Umayyads rule
Shi’a- party of AliCaliph needed to be a
descendant of Muhammad
Sunni- Umayyads became know as followers of Muhammad’s example
Sufi-life of poverty and devotion
![Page 12: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Control Extends Over Three Continents
Abbasid came to power in 750
Murders the Umayyad family
Abh al-Rahmanb escaped to Spain
Set up Umayyad caliphate
![Page 13: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Abbasids Consolidate Power
Moved capitol to Baghdad
Key route gave caliphs access to trade good
Developed strong bureracracy
Treasury kept track of money flows
Special department managed the army
![Page 14: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands
Abbasids taxed land, imports and exports, and non-Muslim wealth
Rival groups divide Muslim lands
1258 Fatimid caliphate was formed
Desecendant from Muhammad’s daughter Fatima
![Page 15: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Muslim Trade Networks
Started in Africa and spread to the Red Sea
Muslim trade networkEngaged in sea trade
with the worldLand connected
China, India, Europe and Africa
Merchants needed a single language
Single currency
![Page 16: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Muslim Trade Networks
Muslims set up banks in cities (money changers)
Offered letters of credit (sakks)
Could exchange it for cash in any other city
Europe pronounced it as check
![Page 17: Islam Expands Chapter 10 Section 2. Key Terms Caliph Umayyads Shi’a Sunni Sufi Abbasids Al-Andulas Fatimid](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042821/56649d0b5503460f949de5e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Muslim Trade Networks
Cordoba-10 century had a population of 200,000
Paris had 38,000City attracted, poets,
philosophers, and scientists
Cordoba, Damascus, Cairo and Baghdad fueled period of immense achievements in the arts and sciences