islam hk

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CTGIE

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CTGIE

Rist' Rroso`t' i`h Auturo

Fi`s M`k

Xri`sgitoh lyJnf` Lnwho`

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CTGIE: RITX' R\OTO@X' I@H A_X_\O

N`ownrgh LnnmRulgcsfoh ly N`ownrgh Rulgcditcn`s

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Xn ey Eusgce arco`hs igg nvor tfo wnrgh

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XFO \OGCKCN_T TCX_IXCN@ NA N_\ XCEO

Csgie

@n poido ien`k tfo itcn`swctfnut poido ien`k tfo rogckcn`s.@n poido ien`k tfo rogckcn`swctfnut hcignkuo lotwoo` tfo rogckcn`s.@n hcignkuo lotwoo` tfo rogckcn`swctfnut c`vostckitcn` na tfo anu`hitcn`s na tfo rogckcn`s.

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DN@XO@XT

Xfo Ice na tfcs Lnnm xxcccIkic`st tfo dgisf na dcvcgczitcn`s xxcccEimc`k ponpgo dipilgo na hcignkuo xxvcI gn`k c`toggodtuig jnuròy xxcx

I.N\CKC@

I C. I Dn`trnvorscig \ogckcn` 4

9. Xfo fnstcgo ceiko na Csgie 4Xfo usoaugòss na i fnstcgo ceiko 4

C`tngori`do' ecgcti`dy' lidmwirhòss> ?Cs hcignkuo cepnssclgo> 1Oistor` m`nwgohko' [ostor` ck`nri`do ;Arne pngoecdig dircdituro tn ligi`doh roissosseo`t 92O`gckftoèo`t tfrnukf gctorituro 99Nrco`tig stuhcos i`h nrco`tigcse 9 64Xfo gist juhkoeo`t i`h tfo ìg hostc`y na fuei` loc`ks 68I dn`droto pirihcso i`h fogg 6?

Xfo enst loiutcaug ieos na Knh 61Xfo dneen` logcoa c` Knh c` tfo tfroo Ilrifiecd rogckcn`s 6;

Xfo trihctcnìg dfirkos 996Gcmo tfo prnpfots na Csriog 9 9

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D.FCTXN\S

D C. Xfo Nrckcìg Ririhcke na tfo Csgiecd Dneeu`cty 984

9. Ilchc`k sulsti`do na aictfdfi`kc`k pirihckes 984Cs tforo igsn i pirihcke dfi`ko c` Csgie> 988@ow opndf%eimc`k dn`stoggitcn`s 981

983Xost disos: lgnnh vo`koi`do' tfo prnfclctcn` na usury'

tfo li` n` igdnfng 9?2Xfo ow rospn`sclcgcty na tfo c`hcvchuig 9? 9?;Xfo Csgiecd dn`stctutcnì hcvcò stito 9?6[fit cs Csgiecd i`h wfit cs IrilLohnuc`> 912

8. Arne tfo Rrnpfot tn tfo Rrnpfots roproso`titcvo 919[fn cs tn goih> 91 916

Xfo rst wivo na dn`quost i`h tfo kroit dnàrn`titcn`wctf Dfrcstci`cty 9;2@octfor isscecgitcn` na tfo Eusgces nr dn`vorscn`

na tfo Dfrcstci`s 9; 9;6

Xfo kores na gndig tfongnkcos 9;3Ttcgg n spodcdiggy Csgiecd systoe na giw 969

x DN@XO@XT

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;. Xfo kroit drcscs c tfo nrckcìg dneeu`cty: tfo spgct c tn pirtcos 96 4?2Xfo drcscs i`h tfo tur` tnwirhs eystcdcse 4? 43?

826Xfo tfrust tnwirhs enhor`czitcn` CC: tfo dugturig

i`h tfongnkcdig rovngutcn` 892O`gckftoèo`t c` Csgie> 899Xfo tfrust tnwirhs enhor`czitcn` CCC: tfo pngctcdig

i`h hoendritcd rovngutcn` 89 89?Yuostcn`s anr Ournpoi` enhor`cty 891

8. Lotwoo` roanre i`h roidtcn` 89;_giei anr roanres: Csgiecd roanrecse 89;Nppnsctcn` tn tfo roanres: Csgiecd trihctcnìgcse 893Xfo ow gctos: Csgiecd enhor`cse 8

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H. DFIGGO@KOT NA XFO R\OTO@X

H C. Dnepotctcn` lotwoo` Ririhckes 844

9. Xfo sodugircst wiy 844Xurmcsf sodugircse: Eustiai Moeig Ititrm 848\ihcdig rojodtcn` na tfo Tfircif 841

8??

9. Xfo dn`toepnri`octy na dnepotc`k pirihckes 8??Nptcn` C: Ri`%Csgiecse> 8?1

Nptcn` CC: Ri`%Irilcse> 8?;Nptcn` CCC: Csgiecse> 8?6Nptcn` CQ: Tndcigcse> 81 814

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H CQ. @ow Ipprnidfos tn Xfongnkcdig Dn`vorsitcn` 86?

9. Sostorhiys eotfnhs 86?Xfo trihctcn`ig dn`trnvorsy 861

Xfo hoao`scvo stritokcos n` lntf schos 86;

?92Dfrcst i`h tfo Xrc`cty: arne tfo Lclgo tn hnkei ?92Xfo sctuitcn` na c`torrogckcnus hcignkuo ?9?Ttikos na tceo i`h systoes na gi`kuiko ?91

H QC. Arne Lclgcdig Drctcdcse tn Yuri`cd Drctcdcse> ?96

9. Gctorig rovogitcn`> ?96Xfo Lclgocs ovory wnrh c`spcroh> ?96Xfo Yuri`tfo quostcn` na fcstnrcdig dn`tc`ko`dy ?

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4. I tceo%so`sctcvo u`horsti`hc`k na tfo Yuri` ? @ckorci' tfo tost diso ???

?19

4. \ogckcn`s i`h wneoì rogitcn`sfcp na to`scn` ?1 ?1 ?18Eusgce wneo` anr wneo s rckfts ?11

8. \oanres iro c`hcspo`silgo ?;2Rrntodtcn` na ec`nrctcos> ?;2Cs tfo Tfircif scepgy i dnho na gcao> ?; ?;6

I trcgitorig dnepircsn` ?;6\ogckcn` i`h stito c` Juhicse ?62Topiritcn` na rogckcn` i`h stito wctf Josus na @izirotf> ?69Xfo hcaaoro`t dn`toxt na tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih ?6?Ttito i`h rogckcn` c` Dfrcstci`cty i`h Csgie ?6?

?63

4. \ogckcn`' vcngo`do i`h fngy wirs ?39Hnos en`ntfocse fivo i spodcig prnpo`scty tn vcngo`do> ?39Fngy wirs na Sifwof> ?3 ?3;

8. [ir nr poido> ?33\oige na Csgieroige na wir ?33\ihcdigczitcn` na tfo choi najcfih> 122I foreoòutcd na poidoeimc`k 12 121Xfo Eohctorriòi` lotwoo` pcridy i`h knnh ockflnurgc oss 121[fy tfo odn`necd lidmwirhòss> 12;Xfo prnfclctcn` na usuryroqucroh i`h ovihoh 126

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4. Dneeordo i`h otfcds 194Otfcdig prc`dcpgos anr dneeordo c` moopc`k wctf Csgie 194Xfo ooh anr i` otfcdig arieownrm 19?

Csgiecd dneeordcig prc`dcpgos is i lrchko 191

O Q. Xfo Auturo na tfo Csgiecd [iy na Gcao 193

9. Hn dgntfos eimo ponpgo> 193Rrnlgoes anr Dfrcstci` dfurdfos wctf tfo vocg 1

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4. Xfo Eusgce dn`trclutcn` hcignkuo ien`k dcvcgczitcn`s 1?8Lrchkos c`tn tfo auturo 1?8Tfiroh otfcdig sti`hirhs i`h u`cvorsig fuei` viguos 1?1

Xfo Csgiecd anu`hitcn` anr i kgnlig otfcd 1?1Xfo liscs anr i` u`horsti`hc`k lotwoo` Csgie i`h tfo [ost 1?6

Dn`dguscn` 119

@ntos 114C`hox ;84Gcst na tilgos i`h eips ;14I wnrh na tfi`ms ;1?

DN@XO@XT xxc

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Xfo Ice na tfcs Lnnm

Xfo dn`trnvorsy nvor tfo Hi csf pulgcditcn` na dirtnn`s na Eufieeih c`

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c`tordn``odtcn`s' uch tri`sctcn`s' eutuig o`rcdfeo`t i`h poidoaugdn%oxcsto`do' anrodist tfit tfo dgisf lotwoo` tfo [ost i`h Csgie wnugh lopirtcdugirgy hi`kornus. C` tfcs wiy fo prnvchoh chongnkcdig suppnrt' iator tfo

o`h na tfo Dngh [ir' anr tfo ropgidoeo`t na tfo fnstcgo ceiko na Dneeu csewctf tfo fnstcgo ceiko na Csgie' girkogy tn justcay i fckf govog na Ieorcdi` roir%eieo`t i`h'wfotfor hogcloritogy nr nt' tn droito i aivnurilgo itenspforo anraurtfor wirs.

C` 933

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tfo wiggs na projuhcdo stnò ly stnò i`h lucgh lrchkos na hcignkuo' c`dguhc`klrchkos tn Csgie'ritfor tfi` orodt ow lirrcors na fitroh'vo`koi`do i`h fnstcg%cty> C ie pgoihc`k octfor anr nppnsctcn` tn lo swopt u`hor tfo dirpot nr anr i

sy`drotcstcd ecxc`k na rogckcn`s. C ie pgoihc`k anr i` fnòst ipprnidf i`h iìttoept it u`horsti`hc`k' lisoh n` eutuig soga%iwiroòss' n` nljodtcvcty i`haicròss' i`h n` tfo m`nwgohko na wfit sopiritos i`h wfit u`ctos.

Cs sudf i` oaanrt ìvo' is posscecsts i`h dy`cds c` pngctcds' luscòss' sdco`doi`h jnurìgcse tfc`m> N` tfo dn`triry' ct cs tfo n`gy roigcstcd igtorìtcvo' ca woiro nt tn kcvo up fnpo anr i lottor wnrgh nrhor igtnkotfor. C ie dn`vc`doh tfittfo _TI' tnn' wcgg snn` `h i wiy nut na cts wir fystorci is ct hch nut na tfoEdDirtfy fystorci c` tfo 93?2s i`h rohcsdnvor ctsoga i`h cts kroit hoendritcd

trihctcn`. Iator tfo ei`caost aicguro na tfo u`cgitorig wnrgh%pnwor stritoky' tfoikkrosscvo wir pngcdy c` Iakfi`csti` i`h Criq' tfo nò%schoh c`vngvoeo`t c`Rigostcò i`h tfo wnrghwcho gnss na enrig drohclcgcty' c`tordugturig i`h c`tor%rogckcnus hcignkuo fis lodneo ovo` enro urko`t. I littgo ikic`st i otwnrm narogckcnusgy ecskuchoh eo` na vcngo`do cs uìvnchilgo: fnwovor' tfcs wcgg nt lo'is tfo Lusf ihec`cstritcn` prosueilgy o`vcsikos' i wir anukft n` gi`h' soi i`hc` tfo icr' lut nò anukft ly tfo uso na pngcdo' sodrot sorvcdo' hcpgneitcd i`hì`dcig nporitcn`s ipprnprcito tn tfo sctuitcn`. It tfo sieo tceo tforo eustlo suppnrt ilnvo igg anr pngctcdig i`h sndcig roanres c` Csgiecd dnu`trcos' c`nrhor tn roenvo tfo lroohc`k%krnu`hs na tfo torrnrcsts ien`k tfo arustritohi`h cepnvorcsfoh eoelors na tfocr pnpugitcn`s. N`gy ca ct prnvos pnssclgo tncsngito tfo vcngo`t oxtroecsts i`h stro`ktfo` tfo enhorito Eusgces= n`gy ca ctprnvos pnssclgo tn lucgh lrchkos na trust i`h tn stilcgczo rogitcn`s lotwoo` tfo[ostor` i`h tfo Csgiecd wnrgh= n`gy ca ct prnvos pnssclgo anr Csriogcs' Irils i`h[ostoròrs' Jows' Dfrcstci`s i`h Eusgces' `n gn`kor tn troit nò i`ntfor isnppnò`ts lut is pirtòrs' di` tfo ippiro`tgy c`suporilgo pngctcdig' odn`necd'sndcig i`h dugturig prnlgoes na tfo proso`t lo nvordneo i`h i dn`trclutcnèiho tn i enro poidoaug wnrgh nrhor.

Xfit cs wfy ei`y ponpgo tnhiy irkuo tfit tforo sfnugh lo n rogipso c`tn tfopngctcdig i`h ecgctiry dnàrn`titcn`' ikkrosscn` i`h rovo`ko n`do pridtcsoh lytfo [ostor` ìtcn`s' lut fippcgy suporsohoh iator tfo Todn`h [nrgh [ir.\itfor' tforo cs i òoh anr i rosnguto roigczitcn` na tfo òw pnstenhor piri%hcke na pngctcdig' odn`necd i`h dugturig u`horsti`hc`k' dn%nporitcn` i`hc`tokritcn` gich hnw` c` tfo _@ Dfirtor i`h it cts enst ihvi`doh c` tfo arieo%wnrm na tfo Ournpoi` _`cn`. C` tfo gn`k ru`' poido i`h aroohne di` lo lucgt

up n`gy n` tfo liscs na dn`stctutcnìg stitos' tngori`do' fuei` rckfts i`h otfc%dig sti`hirhs.Xnkotfor wctf dnepoto`t pngctcdig sdco`tcsts i`h otfcdcsts'c`

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Dcvcgczitcn s nr dugturos is sudf di``nt lo c`vctoh tn hcignkuo' sc`do tfoy iro`nt soga%dn ticòh o`tctcos= ritfor' tfo c`vctitcn` eust lo tn c`hcvchuigs' i`hspodcd krnups' arne hcvorso dugturig arieownrms= ilnvo igg tn tfo pngctcdiggy'

odn`necdiggy i`h dugturiggy rospn`sclgo gctos. C` rospodt na Csgie' lntfDfrcstci`s i`h n`%Dfrcstci`s sfnugh ism: wfy hn 9.< lcggcn` ponpgo dnàoss tntfcs rogckcnì`h tfo ùelor cs c`droisc`kc` tfo echhgo rokcn`s na tfoOirtf' arne tfo Itgi`tcd dnist na Iarcdi tn tfo csgi`hs na C`hnòsci' arne tfostoppos na Do`trig Isci tn Enzielcquo> [fy cs Csgie tfo girkost na tfo wnrghrogckcn`s iator Dfrcstci`cty' i`h nddiscnìggy fnpos tfit nò hiy ct eiy nvortimoct> [fy' c` tfo dn`vcdtcn` na cts ihforo`ts' cs ct nt n`gy tfo owost i`h lost rogc%kcn` lut igsn tfo nghost i`h enst u`cvorsig> [fy fis ct' enro tfi` i`y ntfor

rogckcn`' loo` ilgo tn lrc`k tnkotfor ponpgo is hcaaoro`t is `neihcd Lorlors'Echhgo%Oistor` Irils' [ost i`h Oist Iarcdi`s' Xurms' Lns ci`s' Igli ci`s'Rorsci`s' Rimcsti`cs' C`hci`s' Dfcòso i`h Eigiysc aidt ponpgo c` igenstovory dnu`try c` tfo wnrghhospcto tfocr dugturig hcaaoro`dos> [foro hnos tfopnwor i`h aisdcìtcn` na Csgie roiggy gco> [fit iro cts snurdos' cts viguos' ctssyelngs> [fit iro cts eossiko' cts osso`do' cts dn`stctuo`t ogoeo`ts> [fitsfipos Eusgce gcao' Csgiecd pngctcds' dugturo i`h irt> [fit iro cts woimòssosi`h aicgc`ks> [fit soga%drctcdig quostcn`s hn Eusgces òoh tn ism tfoesogvos>

Eimc`k ponpgo dipilgo na hcignkuoNa dnurso c` vcow na tfo woigtf na pulgcditcn`s ilnut Csgie'nò eckft ism wfy

yot i`ntfor lck lnnm n` tfo suljodt cs òohoh. Ca nò fis wnrmoh c`to`scvogy n`Csgiecd gctorituro' tfo quostcn` lodneos ovo` enro prossc`k. [fit cs tfo roigc`torost' tfo hcstc`dtcvo prngo' c`hooh tfo so`so na sudf i` u`hortimc`k> Xforoiro pgo`ty na dugturig fcstnrcos na Csgie i`h rogckcnus i`h pngctcdig fcstnrcos cèi`y gi`kuikos. Fnwovor' C ie nt wrctc`k tfcs lnnm is i dugturig fcstnrci` nri fcstnrci` na rogckcn`'nr i fcstnrci` na pngctcds nr giw. C ie wrctc`k ct c` nrhor tnfogp ponpgo tn o`kiko c` hcignkuo c` tfcs hodcscvo tri`sctcnìg pfiso tnwirhs iòw rogitcn`sfcp lotwoo` tfo dcvcgczitcn`s' rogckcn`s i`h ìtcn`s' sn tfitwfotfor tfoy iro Dfrcstci`' Eusgce nr sodugir= pngctcdci`s' luscòss goihors nrdugturo%eimors= toidfors' dgorky nr stuho ts' tfoy eiy lo ilgo tn issoss tfownrgh sctuitcn` lottor i`h roidt tn ct lottor. Xfcs di``nt lo hnò wctfnut iù`horsti`hc`k na tfo wnrgh rogckcn`s. C sfigg wnrm tfo fcstnry na dugturo i`hrogckcn`' pngctcds i`h giw c`tn i fckfgy dnepgox hosdrcptcn`' lut it tfo sieotceo C sfigg moop tfcs prnkrieeo' wctf wfcdf C fivo loo` dn`doròh anr

hodihos' tri`spiro`t. Xfit cs tfo dn`trclutcn` tfit C' is i tfongnkci` i`hpfcgnsnpfor o`kikoh c` rogckcnus hcignkuo' fnpo tn eimo wctf tfcs lnnm.

C fnpo tn naaor i aicr iddnu`t na Csgie c` fcstnry i`h tfo proso`t. Xfo anurtoo`do`turcos na Csgie iro trugy n scepgor tn proso`t tfi` woro tfo tfcrty do`turcos

xxvc XFO ICE NA XFCT LNNM

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na Juhicse i`h tfo two`ty do`turcos na Dfrcstci`cty c` ey oirgcor lnnms. Gcmotfoe'tfcs lnnm cs nt i outrig'sdfngirgy' sdco`tcd hosdrcptcn` na tfo fcstnry naCsgie' `nr scepgy i systoeitcd tfongnkcdig hosdrcptcn` na cts toidfc`k= ritfor' c`

i dfrn`ngnkcdig' nljodtcvogy irkuoh proso`titcn`' ct sots nut tn lo i sy`tfoscs nalntf cts fcstnrcdig i`h systoeitcd hceo`scn`s. C igsn wi`t tn rogito i kroit fcs%tnry' wfcdf cs troeo`hnusgy hrieitcd i`h vircoh. Lut C sfigg moop c`torruptc`ktfo irritcvo tn ism drctcdig quostcn`s ilnut tfo rosugt na tfo dfi`kos tfit Csgiefis u`horknò c` hcaaoro`t pirihckes. Xforo wcgg lo quostcn`s i`h quostcn`sanr hcsdusscn ' wfcdf ircso pirtcdugirgy wfo` i trihctcn` fis lodneo ansscgczohi`h igenst c`dipilgo na dneeu cditcn`. Xfcs lnnm' gcmo cts twn prohodossnrs'fis loo` dn`docvoh c` c`torhcsdcpgcìry tores: ct hnvoticgs tfo csngitoh hcsdc%

pgcòs i`h ittoepts tn prnvcho i eugtchceo`scnìg vcow na Csgie.C fivo loo` iwiro na tfo rcsms na sudf i` u`hortimc k n` ovory piko. C fivofih diroauggy tn wigm i prodircnus tckft rnpo: tn `h tfo ligi`do lotwoo` i hoopu`horsti`hc`k' wfcdf di``nt' fnwovor' lo ecsusoh tn justcay tfo stitus qun'i`h' c` pgidos' npo` drctcdcse na Csgie' tfnukf tfcs eust nt goih tn soga%rckft%onusòss. Xfcs lnnm' wrctto` ly i n`%Eusgce' cs tfo oxprosscn` na i fnpo tfitCsgie wcgg `nt krnw woimor nr ovo` hcsippoir' lut wcgg u`horkn i` c`òrroòwig. [ctfnut i`y so`so na suporcnrcty &na i Dfrcstci` nr sodugir mc`h#' i`hc` iwiroòss na tfo hcigodtcd na tfo O`gckftoèo`t' ct wcgg irkuo anr i roòwohCsgie.

C` tfo aido na tfo càn%senkct cs sich tfit tfo eiss na hiti c` tfo wnrgh cskrnwc`k ly tfcrty por do`t i`ùiggytfcs lnnm naaors `nt n`gy purogy aidtuigm`nwgohko lut igsn nrco`titcn`: ct proso`ts Csgie' igloct c` i hcaaoro`tcitoh wiy'is i wfngo' `nt sdfoeitcdiggy. C fivo loo` ilgo tn vo`turo n` tfcs oxtroeogy hca%aoro`t u`hortimc`k n`gy lodiuso'usc`k pirihcke iìgyscs' C fivo it ey hcspnsigi tfonrotcdig ipprnidf i`h dn`doptuig ippiritus wfcdf'iator oirgcor roodtcn`sc` Hnos Knh Oxcst> Xfo Rrnlgoe na Knh c` tfo Enhor` [nrgh&93;6#' C fivo hovog%npoh i`h roodtoh n` eotfnhngnkcdiggy c` ey twn lnnms Xfongnky anr tfo XfcrhEcggo``cue &936;# i`h Kgnlig \ospn`sclcgcty&9339#. Ririhcke iìgyscs prnvohctsoga c` tfo 9332s c tfo fcstnrcdig issosseo`ts na Juhicse i`h Dfrcstci cty i`heoi`s tfit C di` dn`vo`co`tgy hcspo`so wctf kcvc`k i hoticgoh rodn`strudtcn` natfo anurtoo` fu`hroh%yoir%ngh fcstnry na Csgie c` cts vircnus porcnhs i`h torrc%tnrcos wctf igg cts hcaaoro`t to`ho`dcos i`h do`trig porsnìgctcos= c`stoih' C sfiggroaor it ovory pnc`t tn tfo dgisscd fcstnrcdig wnrms i`h spodcigcst gctorituro' i gct%orituro wfcdf fis lodneo cepnssclgo ovo` anr Csgiecd spodcigcsts tn survoy.

Xfc`mc`k c` pirihckes eoi`s u`horsti`hc k tfo hnecì`t strudturos na fcs%tnry tnkotfor wctf tfo kuros tfit sfipo tfoe. Ct eoi`s iìgysc`k tfo vircnusnvorigg dn`stoggitcn`s na Csgie' fnw tfoy dneo c`tn loc`k' eituro i`h nato`lodneo ansscgczoh i`h hosdrclc`k fnw pirihckes wfcdf fivo nsscoh c`tn

XFO ICE NA XFCT LNNM xxvcc

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trihctcn` gcvo n` c` tfo proso`t. Acìggy ct eoi`s hoen`stritc`k tfo rcso na òwpirihckes i`h tfus pnssclgy òw porspodtcvos anr tfo auturo.

Ien`k Eusgces' ovo` enro tfi` ien`k Jows i`h Dfrcstci`s' tfo vcow cs

wchosproih tfit tfocr rogckcn` fis igwiys roeicòh tfo sieo' tfit ct fis u`hor%knò n kroit rovngutcn`s lut hovognpoh dn`tcùnusgy. C sfigg hoen`strito tfittfcs ceprosscn` cs aigso. Fnwovor' C ie `nt prceircgy c`torostoh c` tfo pist lutc` tfo proso`t: c` fnw Csgie fis lodneo wfit ct cs tnhiywctf i vcow tn wfit ctdnugh lo. Xfo spodcd dfiridtorcstcd na tfcs mc h na fcstnry%wrctc`k cs nt purodfrn`ngnky lut tfo hnvoticgc`k na tceos i`h prnlgoes. Xfit ricsos i dfiggo`kon` twn arn`ts: anr Eusgce roihors' fnw di` i Dfrcstci` tfongnkci` vo`turo tnc`vngvo fcesoga sn eudf c` c`torìgEusgce hcsdusscn`s i`h dn`dor`s> I`h anr

Dfrcstci` roihors: fnw di` i Dfrcstci` tfongnkci` vo`turo tn kn sn air tn eootEusgces n` ei`y quostcn`s> C fivo òvor o`kikoh c` i` c`tor%rogckcnus hci%gnkuo wfcdf fis rugoh nut tfo dn`to`tcnus quostcn`s: C fivo trcoh tn ivnch tfoc`tor%rogckcnus dnscòss ilnut wfcdf dfurdf ponpgo sneotceos dnepgic`'tfnukf tfoso ponpgo fivo it lost i supordcig m`nwgohko na ntfor rogckcn`s. Lutit tfo sieo tceo C fivo igwiys nppnsoh tfo irtcdcig dnàrn`titcn`s o`kikoh c`ly hnkeitcd tfongnkci s n` lntf schos' wfn hn `nt c`vostckito loyn`h tfocrnw` hnkeis i`h dgice truo logcoa c` Knh anr tfoesogvos ignò.

C fnpo tfit tfcs odossircgy lrnih ipprnidf wcgg prnvcho i`swors tn quostcn`sna ovory mc`h i`h stceugito Eusgces i`h Dfrcstci`s &i`h Jows# tn u`horsti`hnò i`ntfor. Na dnurso' C fivo fih tn goivo nut ùeornus c`torostc`k hoticgs'ittridtcvo iòdhntos i`h ovo` cepnrti`t ispodts c` nrhor tn idfcovo tfo òdos%siry sfirpòss na vcscn` c` i` ovor%dfi`kc`k fcstnrcdig porspodtcvo. C fivo fihtn put tfo eic` do`tros na Csgie' tfo Iril wnrgh' Xurmoy i`h Cri`' it tfo do`troi`h hoig wctf tfo spodcig hovognpeo`ts c` C`hci'sul%Tifiri` Iarcdi i`h Tnutf%Oist Isci n`gy n` tfo porcpfory.Ilnvo igg C fih tn moop c` vcow tfo hovognpeo`tna ìtcnìg i`h pngctcdig Csgie i`h dnugh timo iddnu`t na pnpugir Csgie n`gy c`tfo lidmkrnu`h i`h lognw tfo suraido. Ey dn`dor` wis `nt tn gnso eysoga c` ieiss na hoticg lut tn wnrm nut tfo dn`hctcn`s i`h diusos na oidf na tfo kroitCsgiecd nvorigg dn`stoggitcn s nr pirihckes' tfo prossuros n` tfoe i`h tfocrdn`sti`ts i`h vircilgos' ikic`st tfo lidmkrnu`h na i lrcoa smotdf na tfocr fcs%tnrcdig hovognpeo`t. C fivo hnò tfcs wctfc` tfo pirihckes na tfo nrckcìgCsgiecd dneeu`cty &R C#'Iril oepcro &R CC#' Csgie is i wnrgh rogckcn` &R CCC' tfodgisscd pirihcke#' tfo _giei i`h Tus &R CQ# i`h ìggy Csgiecd enhor`czi%tcn` &R Q#' c` nrhor tn lo ilgo tn survoy i`h u`horsti`h igg tfo aoituros na tfo

dn`toepnriry pirihcke &R QC#. Tc`do oirgcor pirihckes hn nt dnepgotogy hcs%ippoir wctf tfo irrcvig na i ow nò'nvorgips iro nt n`gy uìvnchilgo lut igsncgguecìtc`k.

xxvccc XFO ICE NA XFCT LNNM

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I gn`k c`toggodtuig jnuròy

Ei`y stuhcos i`h oxporco`dos sti`h lofc`h ey proso`t roodtcn`s n` Csgie'knc`k lidm tn ey rst vcsct tn i` Csgiecd dnu`try c` @nrtf Iarcdi is i ynu`k hnd%

tnrig stuho`t c` 93??: tfcs wis tfo tceo na ey rst eijnr ittoept it i` odu%eo`cdig hcignkuo ilnut tfo do`trig quostcn` c` hcsputo lotwoo` \neo i`h tfo\oanreitcn`' ìeogy ey hcssortitcn` n` Mirg Lirtfs hndtrcò na justcditcn`&93?;#: tfo wfngo cssuo cs hosdrcloh c` tfo rst vngueo na ey eoencrs' EyTtrukkgo anr Aroohne &OX

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Anu`hitcn`s na C`tor`itcn`ig \ogitcn`s'

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I. N\CKC@

Xfo rogckcn`s na Dfcòso nrckc`Dnàudci`cse i`h Hincsestcgg ippoir tnenst Ournpoi`s tn lo roento' igco`' Air Oistor`' lut c` `n wiy tfroito`c`k.Xfo rogckcn`s na C`hci` nrckc`Fc`hucse i`h Luhhfcsesooe tn ei yponpgo dgnsor' goss igco`'sneotceos ovo` syepitfotcd i`h'lodiuso tfoy iro usu%iggy poidoaug i`h wctfnut gn`k arn`tcors nvor wfcdf tforo cs dn`cdt wctfDfrcstci dnu`trcos'iro nt soo` is i tfroit'hospcto vcngo`t Fc`hu au`hieo`%tigcse c` C`hci' wfcdf fis c`droisoh sc`do tfo o`h na tfo two`tcotf do`tury.

Xfo rogckcn`s na @oir Oistor` nrckc`Juhicse'Dfrcstci`cty i`h Csgieirodgnsogy rogitoh' i`h c` dnepircsn` wctf tfo twn ntfor rogckcnus systoes' voryscecgir c` ei`y rospodts. Fnwovor' lotwoo` `n ntfor rogckcn`s fis tforo loo`'

i`h cs tforo' sn eudf quirroggc`k i`h hcsputo is lotwoo` tfoso tfroo en`ntfo%cstcd prnpfotcd rogckcn`s'wfcdf sooe tn sfnw spodcig ikkrosscvoòss i`h tfc`m c`tores na arco`h i`h ano. C sfnwoh tfit c tfo diso na Juhicse i`h ilnvo igg naDfrcstci`cty c` tfo rst twn vngueos na tfcs trcgnky Xfo \ogckcnus Tctuitcn` nanur Xceo.9 Fnw hn tfc`ks sti`h wctf Csgie>

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I C

I Dn`trnvorscig \ogckcn`

Csgie'wfcdf fis arn`tcors wctf Dfrcstci`cty oxto`hc`k nvor ei`y tfnusi`hs naecgos' cs c`droisc`kgy aogt tn lo i` oxpgcdct tfroit ly ei`y ponpgo c` tfo [ost. C`9334' tfo Ieorcdi` pngctcdig tfonrcst Tieuog Fu`tc`ktn ' wfne C eo`tcnòhc` ey c`trnhudtcn`' stitoh lgu`tgy: Xfo arn tcors na Csgie iro lgnnhy.< Iro`ttfo arn`tcors na Dfrcstci`cty oquiggy sn> Xfus i ntcn` na Csgie is nppnò`t' isoòey' fis loo` prnhudoh: vory usoaug anr tfnso chongnkcsts &c` Ieorcdi i`hogsowforo# wfn urko`tgy ooh i` oòey anr tfocr ceporcigcstcd ecgctiry pngcdyi`h fokoen`cig ielctcn`s: tfo fnstcgo ceiko na Csgie.

9. Xfo fnstcgo ceiko na Csgie

Igtfnukf tfo au`hieo`tig pfo`neo`n` fis prnlilgy oxcstoh sc`do tfolokc``c`ks na fuei` tfnukft' tfo tores fnstcgo ceiko nr fnstcgo storontypoiro enhor`= tfoy oeorkoh wfo` tfo Oist%[ost dn`cdt wis gnsc`k cts

to`scn` i`h lodieo pnpugir c` tfo Todn`h Kuga [ir. Tc`do tfo drceo ikic`stfuei`cty dneecttoh n` 99 Toptoelor

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dn`dopt na tfo oòey' lut igsn pordoptcn`s' aoogc`ks i`h projuhcdoswfcdf cswfy tfo vcsuig eohci iro pirtcdugirgy cepnrti`t.

I fnstcgo ceikoc` tfo [ost anreorgy Dneeu`cse' tnhiy Csgiefis

ei`y usos. Ct fis i vircoty na c`hcvchuig psydfngnkcdig i`h pngctcdig%sndcig au`d%tcn`s' is di` lo soo` c` tfo wir ikic`st torrnrcse knvoròh ly tfo _T strcvc`kanr fokoen`y i`h kcvo` fckfgy oaaodtcvo suppnrt ly tfo eohci:

Xfo fnstcgo ceiko prnvchos i` oxduso: wo &Ieorcdi`s' Ournpoi`s' nurOurnpoi` i`h Csriogc arco`hs# iro nt tn lgieo=`n'ct cs igg tfo aiugt na tfo oòey'Csgie) Nur roprossoh aoogc`ks na kucgt i`h càorcnrcty' nur ikkrosscn`s i`h arus%tritcn`s' di` siaogy lo hcvortoh i`h prnjodtoh n` tn ct. Fnstcgo ceikos eimo ct

oisy tn tfc`m c` tores na sdipoknits. Xfo fnstcgo ceiko stilcgczos: wo c` tfo [ost eiy hcsikroo nvor ei ytfc`ks'lut wo iro iggcos ikic`st tfo oòey' ikic`st tfo ovcg oepcronr tfo ixcs naovcg) I dneen` oòey rocànrdos tnkotforòss' @IXN' tri`sitgi`tcd arco`h%sfcp. Ct iggnws us tn sti`h u`ctoh' tn hoen`czo drctcds i`h tn oxdguho hovci`ts.Fnstcgo ceikos o`dnuriko tfc`mc`k c` tores na lgndms.

Xfo fnstcgo ceiko pngirczos: ly i rohudtcn` na tfo pnssclcgctcos tn octfor%nr&Fo wfn cs nt anr us cs ikic`st us# ponpgo di` lo krnupoh i`h oxpgnctoh anr tfopngctcdig i`h ecgctiry dn`cdt is arco`h i`h ano'ìtcn`s wfcdf iro anr wiri`htfnso wfcdf iro ikic`st ct. [o eckft `nt m`nw wfit viguos wo aivnur' lut wohn m`nw wfit wo iro ikic st. Xfo arn`ts iro dgoir: ovorynò m`nws wforo tfoyi`h tfo ntfor pirty sti`h. Fnstcgo ceikos anrdo ovorytfc`k c`tn i Ei`cdfioiàrco`h%ano sdfoeo.

Xfo fnstcgo ceiko idtcvitos: prodcso cànreitcn` i`h nrco`titcn` irou`òdossiry: c`toggcko`do eiy lo oxikkoritoh' aigscoh'ei`cpugitoh nr' ca òohlo' c`vo`toh.[o eiy' c`hooh wo eust' hoao`h nursogvos ikic`st tfo ntfors' anr%ockòrs' oòecos' arne wctfnut i`h wctfc`. @nt n`gy ecstrust lut igsn fnstcgctyi`h ca òoh lo ovo` anrdo iro ipprnprcito ikic`st lntf tfc`ks i`h porsn`s: pfys%cdig' psydfngnkcdig' pngctcdig' c`hooh ecgctiry anrdo. C` snghcors' fnstcgo ceikosnvordneo c`fclctcn`s ilnut mcggc`k ovo` lottor tfi` hruks. Fnstcgo ceikos prn%vcho entcvitcn` anr wir' dngh nr fnt.

Nò dn`sngitcn` roeic`s.Fnstcgo ceikos iro nt otorìg chois'u`dfi`koilgoòdossctcos. @nt n`gy di` tfoy lo tri`saorroh'anr oxiepgo arne tfo \ussci`s tntfo Irils= tfoy di` lo dnrrodtoh' ca oòecos lodneo arco`hs &anr oxiepgo

Ari`do i`h Korei`y#'nr tfoy di` gnso tfocr nljodt &anr oxiepgo Dneeu`cse#.Xfoy di` igsn lo nvordneo' ly dn`do`tritcn` n` kroit dneen` tisms &anroxiepgo tfo ùdgoir tfroit nr tfo odngnkcdig drcscs# i`h goih tn i wnrghwchodneeu`cty na hostc`y i`h rospn`sclcgcty wfcdf c`dguhos Csgie.

8 I C. I DN@X\NQO\TCIG \OGCKCN@

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C`tngori`do' ecgcti`dy' lidmwirhòss>

Roido ien`k tfo rogckcn`s is i firlc`kor na poido ien`k tfo ìtcn`s> Roidoien`k tfo rogckcn`s ovo` c` Jorusigoe'tfo dcty na tfroo rogckcn`s> Xfits i` cggu%

scn`) Xfcs dneeo`t wis eiho tn eo yoirs ikn ly i togovcscn` jnurìgcst i`hEchhgo Oist oxport wfn wis pnpugir it tfo tceo.8 [fo` C ismoh fce wfit fcsigtorìtcvo wis' fo torsogy ropgcoh' [ir) Is ca vo CsriogcIril wirs fih `ntloo` o`nukf: tforo wis `n ntfor sngutcn` tn CsriogcIril i`tikn`cse._ànrtuìtogy' tfcs ei` cs roproso`titcvo na ei`y jnurìgcsts i`h iutfnrs cÒurnpo i`h ospodciggy @nrtf Ieorcdi wfn' lodiuso na tfocr gito`tgy ikkrosscvohcspnsctcn`' dneeu cdito durro`t ovo`ts tn i` u`suspodtc`k eiss pulgcd c`sudf wnrhs i`h ceikos is di` ovo` droito i` u`horsti`hc`k na tfo ikkrosscvo

pngcdcos na Ircog Tfirn` i`h fcs cgm. Xfoso pnpugcst roproso titcvos na tfo eohcisfiro rospn`sclcgcty anr tfo dn`tcùc`k oxcsto`do na fnstcgo ceikos. Ca' anr sneopcnus Dfrcstci`s' anr i gn`k tceo Juhicse i`h tfo` Dneeu`cse woro pulgcdoòey uelor 9'anr ei`y na tfoe tnhiy tfcs pgido cs nddupcoh ly Csgie. Xforoiro ponpgo wfn di``nt gcvo wctfnut i fnstcgo ceiko. Csgie wi`ts tn rugo tfownrgh) I` i`tc%Dfrcstci`' c`tngori`t i`h ikkrosscvo suporstctcn` cs igroihyspi``c`k figa tfo kgnlo. Xfit cs wfit wo foir arne dortic` Dfrcstci` au`hi%eo`tigcst quirtors.

Tudf nppnsctcn` tn Csgie c` prc`dcpgo cs `nt n`gy tn lo anu`h c` rckft%wc`krihcdig krnups wctf i Dfrcstci` i`h Jowcsf stiep. Ct fis c`gtritoh tfo c`hus%trcig ìtcn`s wchogy. [fo` tfo [ostor` eohci pnrtriy Eusgces' tfoy gnvo tnpnrtriy tfoe is aiìtcdig loirhoh giwyors' oxtroecst vcngo`t torrnrcsts' supor%rcdf ncg sfocmfs i`h vocgoh wneo`. @n wn`hor tfit anr ei`y c` tfo [ost tfoceiko na Csgie fis lodneo hirmor. Csgie sooes tn lo eirmoh ly:

% C`torìg c`tngori`do: is i tntigctirci` rogckcn` wfcdf prnhudos pisscn`' crri%

tcnìgcty' aiìtcdcse i`h fystorci' gcmos tn suppross Dfrcstci` ec`nrctcos i`hovo` o`kikos c` lgnnhy porsodutcn`s na hcsscho`ts gcmo tfo Lifics i`h tfoIfeihcs.

% Ecgcti dy tnwirhs tfo nutscho wnrgh: is i vcngo`t rogckcn` wfcdf wikos fngywirs' cs c`to`t n` dn`quorc`k tfo wnrgh i`h ikic`st wfcdf wo fivo tn lo n` nurkuirh.

% Lidmwirhòss: is i rckch rogckcn` tfit stullnr`gy dgc`ks tn tfo Echhgo Ikosi`h fis rohudtcvo' c`hooh irdficd aoituros: ct cs u`dcvcgczoh' sdnr`s wneoì`h roausos tn o`kiko c` hcignkuo.

Tneo na tfcs drctcdcse òohs tn lo c`vostckitoh: tfo oxtroeo oxprosscn`s nai ecgcti`t Csgie' arne Mfneoc`c tn lc Giho`' fivo hnò kroit hieiko tntfo ceiko na Csgie c` tfo [ost. @ovortfogoss' tfnso koòrigczoh' ikkrosscvogy

9. XFO FNTXCGO CEIKO NA CTGIE ?

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pngoecdig i`h dy`cdiggy hcspirikc`k vorhcdts urko`tgy ooh tn lo hcaaoro`tcitohi`h dgircoh' sc`do tfoy di` fivo hovistitc`k oaaodts lntf n` porsnìg hoigc`ksi`h c` tfo wchor spforo na pngctcds. Xfnso wfn fivo sudf i storontypoh fnstcgo

ceiko na Csgie c` tfocr foihs pordocvo roigcty c` i sogodtcvo wiy' wforo ovory%tfc`k tfit hovcitos arne tfcs pcdturo cs oxdguhoh nr roc`torprotoh. Anr oxiepgo'sneo Dfrcstci`s aicg tn `nto tfit tfo sieo idtcvctcos &ecsscn ' ì`dcig sup%pnrt' tfo dn`strudtcn` na pgidos na wnrsfcp n` igco` torrctnry i`h ikkrosscvosoga%issortcn`# iro knnh wfo` tfoy loòt tfocr krnup i`h lih wfo` dirrcohn` ly tfo ntfors.

Lut qucto ipirt arne hnulgo sti`hirhs na oviguitcn`' sudf i` ceiko dnrro%spn`hs gcttgo wctf tfo roigcty na Csgie. Xfo fnstcgo ceiko prnvnmos ovo` enro

fnstcgo roidtcn`s' i`h c` sn hnc`k prnvos tn lo i soga%augggc`k prnpfody. Ctsfirpo`s dn`cdts' o`dnurikos osdigitcn`' eimos i roigcstcdiggy hcaaoro`tcitohostceito na ntfors hcadugt i`h u`horsti`hc`k ippiro`tgy cepnssclgo' i`h tfuspropiros tfo krnu`h anr ecgctiry dn`cdts sudf is tfnso c` Iakfi`csti` i`h Criq.Lut di` nò o`tor c`tn i sorcnus hcignkuo wctf Eusgces it igg>

Cs hcignkuo cepnssclgo>

[fcdf Eusgces hn ynu wi`t tn o`kiko c` hcignkuo wctf>' i togovcscn` jnurìg%cst n`do ismoh eo c` i` crn`cd i`h suporcnr wiy. Fo cs fckfgy rospodtoh' lut fcsvcow na tfo wnrgh cs anreoh ly oxporco`dos na wirs i`h i`tikn`cse lotwoo`rogckcn`s i`h dugturos= enronvor fcs pcdturo na Csgie fis loo` vcknrnusgy drctc%dczoh ly Csgiecd spodcigcsts.? C o`kiko c` hcignkuo wctf Eusgces tn wfne nato`

ynu fivo n iddoss it igg' C ropgcoh'is C roeoeloroh tfo ei`y arco`hgy' gcvogy i`hoikor aidos na Csgiecd sdfngirs' prnaossnrs' c`toggodtuigs i`h stuho ts c`Csgieilih'Gifnro i`h Miridfc= Jorusigoe' Dicrn' \cyihf i`h Xofori`=Igkcors'Aoz' Gikns i`h Hir%os%Tigiie' `nt tn eo`tcn` dn`vorsitcn`s wctf oxtroeogym`nwgohkoilgo Eusgces c` Korei`%spoimc`k dnu`trcos' c` Ari`do'Lrctic` i`hIeorcdi. C ie nt propiroh tn rohudo tfo hcaaoro`do lotwoo` tfo [osti`h tfoCsgiecd wnrgh tn i` osso`tcig huigcse lotwoo` ritcnìgcty i`h aictf' sdco`doi`h pcoty' suporcnrcty i`h càorcnrcty' c`hooh lotwoo` poidoeimc`k i`h i roihc%òss anr vcngo`do.

Is ca tforo woro n`gy rogckcnus au`hieo`tigcsts' hoeiknkuos c` pnwor i`haiìtcdczoh eissos c` tfo Iril Oist. Is ca nò hch nt fivo tn hcstc`kucsf' ovoìen`k au`hieo tigcsts' lotwoo` tfnso wfn vcngo`tgy wiko i fngy wir &jcfih#i`h tfnso wfn iro dn`doròh tn ostilgcsf tfocr cho`tcty c` i poidoaug' rogckcnus

i`h dugturig cho`tcty.Is ca tfo vcngo`t rologgcnusòss na pnpugir Eusgce krnupsworo krnu`hoh uttorgy c` tfo osso`do na Csgiei`h nt goist igsn c` tfo pngctc%dig' sndcig i`h odn`necd ilusos i`h arustritcn`s diusoh ly hcdtitnrsfcps i`htfo dnrruptcn` na rugc`k gctos wfn iro nato` wnnoh ly tfo [ost. Is ca tnhiy ct


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woro `nt cepnrti`t tn hovognp oadco`t pngctcdig' dugturig i`h rogckcnus prn%krieeos is igtorìtcvos tn ecgcti`t au`hieo`tigcse: i hoendritczitcn` i`henhor`czitcn` i`h sodugirczitcn` wfcdf ovortfogoss timos sorcnusgy tfo dn`%

strudtcvo scho na rogckcn` c` sndcoty' tfo nppnscto na rogckcn`goss sodugircse.Arne i kgnlig porspodtcvo' Ournpoi` sodugircse c` cts anres wfcdf oxdguho rogc%kcn` roproso`ts i spodcig wiy wfcdf' pirtcdugirgy c` Ieorcdi' cs tceo i`h ikic`nppnsoh ly rogckcnus pridtcdo &roidtcnìry lut igsn c``nvitcvo#.

N` tfo liscs na ey nw` oxporco`dos'igtfnukf ovory hiy C tnn ie dnàrn`tohwctf okitcvo ropnrts arne tfo Csgiecd spforo'C eust ovortfogoss regy nljodttn tfo scepgcditours torrclgos wfn kcvo to`ho`tcnus ropnrts na Csgie' iro scgo`tilnut ei`y pnsctcvo ispodts' rocànrdo i`tc%Csgiecd projuhcdos i`h ogovito igg

dn`trnvorscos lotwoo` Eusgces'Jows i`h Dfrcstci`s c`tn i` otorìg Ilrifiecdkft na hostc`y. C` tfcs wiy' tfoy aneo`t ovo` enro tfo vikuo i`xcotcos ilnut iòepcro na ovcg' i` ixcs na ovcg' i`h i` Csgiecd kgnlig dn`spcridy' sn is tn oxpgncttfoe c` i pngctcdig i`h ecgctiry' odn`necd i`h dneeordcig wiy. Ca tfcs cs roiggytfo diso' is cs dn`sti`tgy c`scùitoh' hcrodtgy nr c hcrodtgy' ly dortic` òn%dn`sorvitcvo chongnkcsts' pngctcdci`s i`h jnurìgcsts' tfo` i fcstnrcd dnàrn`ti%tcn` lotwoo` tfo [ost i`h Csgie' c`hooh tfo Xfcrh [nrgh [ir sn hoscroh cÌeorcdi ly tfo òn%dn`s na tfo Csriog gnlly &suppnrtoh ly Dfrcstci` au`hi%eo`tigcst tfon%dn`s#' dnugh firhgy lo ivnchoh' i`h oaanrts sfnugh lo eiho tnanre i` iggci`do na truo fuei`cty. [o di` n`gy kuoss it prodcsogy wfit tfiteoi`s' sot ikic`st tfo lidmkrnu`h na proso`t%hiy eckritcn` hrcvo` ly wnrmi`h pnvorty' c` tfo rcdf c`hustrcig dnu`trcos. Lut wfit snu`hs sn enhor` csliscdiggy i gipso c tn tfo Echhgo Ikos. Xfo stito na m`nwgohko ilnut Csgieien`k sneo na nur dn`toepnrircos cs' is ct woro' it i eohcovig govog. I lrcoagnnm it fcstnry hoen stritos wfit tfcs eoi`s: wfit hn Dfrcstci s m`nw i`hwfit hch tfoy m`nw tfo` ilnut Csgie>

Oistor` m`nwgohko'[ostor` ck`nri`doOirgy Kroom Dfrcstci` iutfnrs' ospodciggy tfnso c` Eusgce torrctnrcos' sfnwtfoesogvos tn lo rogitcvogy wogg cànreoh ilnut Csgiecd hndtrcòs i`h tfoRrnpfot Eufieeih' lut ieizc`kgy' c` tfo Gitc [ost' wctf tfo oxdoptcn` naI`higusci' `n sulsti`tcvo hcsdusscn` wctf Csgie tnnm pgido u`tcg tfo twogatfdo`tury.

[fit hch ponpgo m`nw c` tfo Csgiecd Oist> Xforo' tfo @ostnrci`' Tyrci` i`hDnptcd Dfrcstci`s aogt Iril rugo tn lo n enro npprosscvo tfi` tfo Lyzi`tcò rugo

wfcdf fih prodohoh ct.Xfo rst Dfrcstci` fcstnry na tfo wnrgh'wrctto` c` Irilcdly Ikipcus &Irilcd Eiflul cl` Yusti`tc`#' lcsfnp na Fcoripngcs &Ei`lcj# c`Tyrci c` tfo to`tf do`tury' sfnws tfit c` tfo Csgiecd wnrgh Dfrcstci`s tnn dnughfivo sneo m`nwgohko ilnut tfo gcao i`h toidfc`k na tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih.

9. XFO FNTXCGO CEIKO NA CTGIE ;

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Ikipcus kcvos i vory nljodtcvo iddnu`t na tfo nrckc s na Csgie i`h tfo RrnpfotEufieeih.1 Xn oxpgic` tn fcs aoggnw%Dfrcstci`s wfy sudf girko i`h cepnrti`tDfrcstci` torrctnrcos dnugh lo dn`quoroh ly tfo Eusgces' tfo lcsfnp roaors tn i

&goko`hiry># hndueo`t na tfo Lyzi`tc`o oepornr Forimgcns &1928 Foro' enro tfi` anurfu`hroh yoirs iator tfo ippoiri`do na Eufieeih' ponpgo stcgg fih `n


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iutfo`tcd m`nwgohko ilnut Csgie: tfcs wis tfo iko na ck`nri`do)99 N`gy wfo`tfo gist cepnrti`t illnt na Dgu`y' Rotor tfo Qoòrilgo'wfn wis dn`vc`doh tfitCsgie dnugh lo dn`quoroh n`gy wctf tfo pnwor na tfo wnrh' vcsctoh Tpic` c`

998< anggnwc`k tfo prnlgoeitcdig dn`soquo`dos na tfo Acrst Drusiho' hch enroprodcso stuhcos na tfo snurdos na Csgie lokc . Xfo rst &Gitc`# tri`sgitcn` na tfoYuri` wis eiho ly i` O`kgcsfei`'\nlort na Mottn`' c` 9984.Igtfnukf ct wispulgcsfoh ign`k wctf pngoecdig i`h ipngnkotcd wrctc`ks ly Rotor ikic`st Csgie'ct cs rckftgy pricsoh is i gi`heirm c` Csgiecd stuhcos wfcdf o`hoh tfo iko nack`nri`do: Anr tfo rst tceo tfo [ost fih i` c`strueo`t anr tfo sorcnusstuhy na Csgie.9< Ct wis usoh ly tfo ocro`cd \oìcssi`do dirhcìg @cdngis naDusi' tfo Tpi`csf Kri`h C`qucsctnr Jui` ho Xnrquoeihi' i`h tfo \oanreor

Eirtc` Gutfor.Ririhnxcdiggy tfo drusihos' hospcto fnstcgcty i`h wir' goh tn i enro prodcsom`nwgohko na Csgie i`h cts Rrnpfot. Oepornr Arohorcdm CC' wfn wis lnr` c`Rigoren i`h krow up ien`k Dfrcstci`s i`h Eusgces' fih dgnso dn`tidts wctfnrco`tig Iril dugturo c` Tcdcgy i`h Tnutfor` Ctigy. Xfo jnuròy ly Ari`dcs naIsscsc tn Tugti` ig%Eigcm ig%Miecg hurc`k tfo scoko na Hiecotti &òir tfo enutfna tfo @cgo# c` tfo echhgo na tfo drusiho cs wrippoh c` rchhgos. Ari`dcs trivoggohc` 9

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Xwcdo hopnrtoh' n` fcs tfcrh jnuròy fo wis stnòh sn lihgy tfit fo hcoh n` tfowiy fneo.

I hoviguitcn` i`h rojodtcn` na ovorytfc`k Iril' c`dguhc`k tfo Irilcd gi`%

kuiko'loki` is oirgy is tfo \oìcssi`do'hospcto tfo ostilgcsfeo`t na dficrs anrIrilcd' ùeornus tri`sgitcn`s arne Irilcd i`h tfo oaanrts na sudf sck`cdi`tsdfngirs i`h stitoseo` is Jui` ho Toknvci' @cdngis na Dusi i`h tfo gitor Rnpo&Rcus CC# Oòi Tcgvcn Rcddngnec`c' wfn lotwoo` 98?2 i`h 9812' c` wfit \.[.Tnutfor` fis diggoh i eneo`t na vcscn '91 krippgoh wctf tfo prnlgoe na Csgiec` i ow' enro poidoaug' porspodtcvo.

Arne pngoecdig dircdituro tn ligi`doh roissosseo`t

Irnu`h i do`tury gitor' c` 9?42' tfo yoir na tfo Gutfori` Iukslurk Dnàosscn`'lodiuso na tfo stoihcgy c`droisc`k tfroit tn Dfrcstci`cty arne tfo Xurms &c`9?

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I`ntfor pcn`oorc`k lnnm wis Ho \ogckcn`o Enfieeohcdi &9;2?# ly tfo_trodft Nrco`tigcst Ihrci` \ogi`h.

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tfnso wfn iro hospcsohc` tfo c`tordugturig nr c`tor%rogckcnus hcsdusscn`'wfcdfcs tfo nppnscto na `icvo choigczitcn`.

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rodn`dcgcitcn` lotwoo` tfo rogckcn` na fnpo &Juhicse#' tfo rogckcn` na gnvo&Dfrcstci`cty# i`h tfo rogckcn` na aictf &Csgie#=

% i fcstnrcdigdrctcdig oviguitcn` na tfo Yuri`cd pcdturo na Josusloku` ly

K.A. Korndm 9?2 yoirs ikn i`h hovognpoh ly trihctcnfcstnrcdig c`vostcki%tcn`swfcdf' wctf tfo dneprofo`scvo i`h enro rodo t stuhcos ly KonaaroyRirrc`hor'Focmmc \csò`'Dgius Tdfohg i`h Eirtc` Liusdfmo &i`h Ngia F.Tdfuei`` anr tfo gitor Irilcd Csgiecd gctorituro# fis ìggy ropgidoh tfoipngnkotcd ecsscnìry ipprnidf.

% i eugtc%vngueo fcstnry na dgisscdig Csgiecd tfongnky ly Jnsoa vi` Oss' eihon` tfo liscs na i diroaug stuhy na tfo snurdos.

C` tfo còtoo`tf i`h two`tcotf do`turcos' nrco`tig stuhcos c` Ournpo idfcovohi troeo`hnus ienu`t' droitc`k tfo anu`hitcn`s anr i` u`horsti`hc`k na tfoOist c` koòrig i`h Csgie c` pirtcdugir= C sfigg dn`sti`tgy roaor tn tfoe.Fnwovor' anr i gn`k tceo nrco`tigcsts woro nt iwiro fnw eudf'hospcto igg tfocroaanrts tn idfcovo idihoecd nljodtcvcty' tfoy woro idtuiggy c` tfo sorvcdo na tfopngcdy na odn`necd i`h dugturig fokoen y pridtcsoh ly tfo Ournpoi` pnwors.Tc`do tfo 9312s'drctcdig roodtcn` n` tfo fcstnry i`h soga%u`horsti`hc`k na tfonrco`tigcsts &wfn c`ctciggy woro igsn ihecroh c` tfo Iril wnrgh# fis loku` c` tfo[ost= c` tfcs dn`òdtcn` C eust eo`tcn` @nrei` Hi`cog i`h Jidquos[iirho`lurk.

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i`h' wctf tfo Jowcsf dn`hudtnr Hi`cog Liro`lnce' anu`hoh tfo spgo`hch[ostOistor` Hcvi` Nrdfostri' durro`tgy dogolritc`k wnrghwcho suddoss is i`idt na rodn`dcgcitcn` lotwoo` Jows i`h Irils.

Ohwirh Tich hcoh na goumioeci n`

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ei`y ponpgo hosdrclo i wfngo wnrgh na Csgie' wfcdf firhgy hcaaors arne tfornso%dngnuroh Dfrcstci` hopcdtcn`s na Dfrcstci`cty.

I` c`vctitcn` tn dn`vorscn`

Xfus Eufieeih Ifeih \issnuh' i Eusgce ecsscnìry c` Korei`y' so`t eofcs wnrm [fit cs Csgie>wctf i mc`h c`vctitcn` tn lodneo i Eusgce.Fo tngh eotfit C ìggy fih tfo nppnrtu`cty tn o`tor tfo fcstnry na truo aictf i`h idfcovofippcòss c` tfcs wnrgh i`h tfo oxt. C` fcs lnnmgot fo sues up tfo osso`tcigsna fcs rogckcn` c` i lrcoa i`h dgoir anre: rst tfo dnròrstnòs na aictf &c` tfonò Knh'fcs i`kogs'fcs fngy lnnms'fcs eosso`kors i`h tfo Gist Juhkoeo`t i`hprohostcìtcn`# i`h tfo` tfo vo pcggirs na Csgie &dnàosscn` na aictf' rctuig

priyor' igeskcvc`k' en`tf na aistc`k i`h pcgkrceiko#. Xfo pnc`t cs eiho rckftit tfo lokc``c`k: Csgietfcs Irilcd wnrh eoi`s dnepgoto sulecsscn` i`hsurro`hortn Iggif' tfo Nò Knh.Iggif fcesoga c` tfo Yuri`' tfo fngy lnnm naCsgie' hosdrclos tfo rogckcn` na Eusgces wctf tfcs oxprosscn`: tfo wnrhEusgcehorcvoh arne tfo sieo rnnt sge is Csgieho`ntos nò wfn fissulecttoh dnepgotogy tn Iggif.46

Foro wo iro proso`toh wctf i` choigczoh rogckcn`. Csgie cs u`dnepgcditoh c`gcao i`h enrigcty= cs roisnìlgo i`h tngori`t' tfo otorìg hndtrc o na puroen`ntfocse. [o iro igsn tngh tfcs c` i` nadcig Tfnrt Csgiecd Ditodfcse arneXurmoy.

Xfo ieo na nur rogckcn` cs Csgie.Xfcs hosckìtcn` wis nt hovcsoh ly fuei` loc`ks'lut kcvo` ly Knh c` tfo Fngy Yuri`.Xforoanro Csgie cs nt tfo rogckcn` na just nò ponpgo' nò itcn`'lut tfo rogckcn` na igg fuei` loc`ks'ct cs tfo gist rogckcn`'

ct cs tfo rogckcn` na u`horsti`hc`k i`h sdco`do'ct cs tfo rogckcn` na enrigcty'ct cs tfo rogckcn` na poido i`h nrhor'tn tfnso wfn logcovo c` ct' ct cs gcao.Csgie purkoh tfo giws wfcdf woro igroihy proso`t c` tfo rogckcn`s' lut fihloo` aigscoh ly fuei` fi`h.Ct rosduoh fuei`mc`h arne cts spcrctuig ilyssi`h goh ct tn i enrig govog tfit tfo spcrct na fuei` loc`ks dnugh nt hovcso.43

Dfrcstci`s wfn wi`t tn o`kiko c` i aructaug hcignkuo wctf Eusgces wcgg wogdneo

sudf Csgiecd dnàosscn`s' ovo` ca tfoy iro vory wogg iwiro tfit c` tfoe Csgie cshosdrcloh it tfo oxpo`so na Jows i`h Dfrcstci`s'wfn fivo iggokohgy aigscoh tfogiws ly fuei` fi`h. Ct cs cepnssclgo tn dirry n` i`y c`tor%rogckcnus hcignkuo'air goss wrcto i lnnm n` i`ntfor rogckcn`' wctfnut oepitfy' c`hooh syepitfy.

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C`dnrruptclgo sdfngirgy fnòsty' wfcdf spoims tfo trutf u`hotorroh' i`h pis%scnìto dneecteo`t wfcdf wnrms u`tcrc`kgy ikic`st fitroh i`h ecsu`hor%sti`hc`k i`h anr poido i`h u`horsti`hc`k iro `nt eutuiggy oxdguscvo. I`h' na

dnurso' tfcs sfnugh igsn lo sfnw` arne tfo Eusgce scho.Xfo aisdcìtcn` na Csgie

Jows i`h Dfrcstci`s di` igsn lo aisdcìtoh wctf Csgie. I wctòss wfn cs ilnvosuspcdcn` cs Ckìz Knghzcfor' nò na tfo anu`hors na enhor` Csgiecd stuhcos.Knghzcfor' i Jowcsf sdfngir na Fu`kirci` hosdo`t' gcvoh c` Hieisdus i`h Dicrnc` 96;48. C` just i aow pikos' fcs hciry sfnws ceprosscvogy fnw nò lodneos iroig Echhgo Oist oxport.82 Xfo spn`tiònus arco`hgcòss i`h wogdneo wfcdf

i`ynò di` oxporco`do ovo` tnhiy c` Echhgo Oistor` dnu`trcos qucdmgy eihotfo two`ty%tfroo%yoir%ngh arne i stri`ko dnu`try i`h rogckcn` aiecgcir wctf tfopnworaug wnrgh rogckcn` na Csgie.Enronvor hurc`k tfoso wooms C gcvoh sn eudfc` tfo Enfieeohi` spcrct tfit ugtceitogy C lodieo c`wirhgy dn`vc`doh tfit Ceysoga wis i Enfieeohi`' i`h sfrowhgy hcsdnvoroh tfit tfcs cs tfo n`gy rogc%kcn` wfcdf di` sitcsay pfcgnsnpfcdig ec`hs ovo` c` cts nadcig hndtrcìg anrei`h anreugitcn`. Ey choig wis tn ricso Juhicse tn i scecgir ritcnìg govog. Eyoxporco`do tiukft eo tfit Csgie cs tfo n`gy rogckcn` c` wfcdf suporstctcn` i`hpiki` ruhceo`ts iro eiho tilnn nt ly ritcnìgcse'lut ly nrtfnhnx hndtrcò.Fo knos n`:Ey wiy na tfc`mc`k wis uttorgy syepitfotcd tn Csgie= ey syepitfyigsn puggoh eo tnwirhs ct suljodtcvogy. C diggoh ey en`ntfocse Csgie' i`h C wis`nt gyc`k ca C sich tfit C logcovoh c` tfo prnpfodcos na Enfieeoh. Ey dnpy natfo Yuri` di` ittost fnw C wis c`wirhgy hriw` tn Csgie.Ey toidfors oiròstgygn`koh anr tfo eneo`t na ey npo` hodgiritcn`.89

Fnwovor' Knghzcfor roeicòh i Jow i`h lodieo i kroit sdfngir c` Jowcsfstuhcos.C` tfcs fo hcaaoroh arne i pfcgnsnpfor na nur hiy' tfo Aro`dfei` \nkorKiriuhy. Anr i gn`k tceo Kiriuhy wis i Rngctlurn eoelor na tfo Dneeu`cstRirty na Ari`do loanro fo lodieo i \oanre Dneeu`cst i`h anr i tceo iDfrcstci`.It tfo o`h na i gn`k spcrctuig jnuròy fo ìggy dn vortoh tn Csgie.Fotfo` vcknrnusgy ho`nu`doh tfo soga%rckftonusòss i`h lgc`hòss na tfoDfrcstci` [ost' oòrkotcdiggy diggoh anr i hcignkuo na dcvcgczitcn`s i`h' c` tfoaido na tfo wivo na Csgiecd au`hieo`tigcse' proso`toh fcs roihors wctf i` cho%igczoh Csgie wfcdf fih lrnukft tn tfo hyc`k dcvcgczitcn`s tfo snug na i òwdneen` gcao. Xfo eic` dn`dor` na fcs lnnm cs tn oepfisczo tfo prnecso naCsgie c` i wnrgh wfcdf cs aiggc`k ipirt:Csgie fis nt n`gy c`tokritoh tfo nghost

i`h enst hovognpoh dugturos' tfnso na Dfcì i`h C`hci' Rorsci i`h Kroodo'Igoxi`hrci i`h Lyzi`tcue' eiho tfoe aructaug i`h sproih tfoe arne tfoDfcòso soi tn tfo Itgi`tcd' arne Tieirmi`h tn Xcelumtu. Ct fis igsn lrnukfttfo snug na i òw sndcig gcao tn dnggipsc`k oepcros i`h hyc`k dcvcgczitcn`s'


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rostnroh tn ponpgo i`h tfocr sndcotcos tfocr spodcdiggy fuei` i`h hcvcòhceo`scn`s na tri`sdo`ho`do i`h sndcoty i`h' n` tfo liscs na tfcs scepgo i`hstrn`k aictf' ùrturoh i òw nurcsfc k na tfo sdco`dos i`h irts' prnpfotcd

wcshne i`h giws.8 C` Korei`y' tnn' tfo wiy na i dn`vort cs pulgcdgym`nw` i`h vcknrnusgy hcsdussoh. Eurih [cgarcoh Fnaei`` irnusoh itto %tcn` lodiuso fo' wctf i gokig i`h pfcgnsnpfcdig tric`c`k' wis tfo Koreiìelissihnr tn Enrnddn i`h Igkorci. C` fcs iddnu`t na fcs dn`vorscn` fo c`hc%ditos tfit' anr fce' dgisscdig Tu``c Csgie &u gcmo Kiriuhy' fo tfc ms gcttgo na

Tuse# oelnhcos i` choig' gcvc`k' wnrtfwfcgo rogckcn`. Enronvor' fo rokirhsCsgie is tfo vcilgo igtorìtcvo anr tfo auturo.Is gn`k is tfo [ostor` wnrgh i`hDneeu`cse stnnh ikic`st oidf ntfor' Csgie dnugh lo u`horstnnh is i tfcrhwiy' is i` nptcn` lotwoo` tfoso twn wnrghvcows. Xnhiy' fnwovor' ct soos ctsogais i` igtorìtcvo sdfoeo anr hoigc`k wctf gcao c` i wnrgh tfit ikic` fis lodneohuigcstcd. Ct cs igenst soga%ovcho`t tn air%sckftoh nlsorvors tfit c` tfo two`ty%rst do`tury Csgie wcgg lodneo i hnecì`t rogckcn` wnrghwcho. Xfo tctgo na eylnnm c`hcditos wfy tfcs wcgg lo tfo diso' Knh wcggc`k. Csgie hnos nt just rokirhctsoga is i` igtorìtcvo tn pnst%c`hustrcig [ostor` sndcoty. Ct cstfo igtorìtcvo.84

Eiy wo lo drctcdig>

Na dnurso C sfigg lo oxiec`c k tfcs aisdcìtcn` wctf Csgie diroauggy. Cs ct roiggy iìgtorìtcvo' roiggy tfo prnecsotfit cs dn`juroh up> Just is wo sfnugh nt lo tor%rcoh ly i fnstcgo ceiko' sn tnn wo sfnugh nt lo lgc`hoh ly i` choigczoh ceiko.Ntfor dn`vorts tn Csgie igsn m`nw tfcs: c` dn`trist tn enhor` [ostor` Csgiecdstuhcos' trihctcnìg Csgiecd sdfngirsfcp hnos nt rokirh drctcdig c`vostckitcn` iscts tism. Cts porspodtcvo cs' ilnvo igg' tfo hosdrcptcn`' oxpgiìtcn` i`h justcdi%tcn` na i` choig Csgie. Tn eiy wo sorcnusgy drctcdczo Csgie arne tfo c`scho nrovo` arne tfo nutscho>

Ei`y nrtfnhnx Eusgces i prcnrc rojodt i`y drctcdcse na tfocr rogckcn`justis ei`y ìrrnw%ec`hoh Dfrcstci`s nr Jows roidt c` i` u`kridcnus i`h oen%tcnìg wiy tn drctcdcse na tfocrs. [ctf ey lnnms n` Juhicse i`h Dfrcstci`cty Coxporco`doh fnw ey drctcdcse na tfo pngcdy na tfo stito na Csriog i`h ey drctc%dcse na tfo pngcdcos na Rcus VCC goh i m`nwgohkoilgo Jowcsf rovcowor i`h im`nwgohkoilgo \nei` Ditfngcd rovcowor tn tirkot arikeo`ts na tfo lnnm i`h

pu`csf igg tfo ntfor pirts ly ck`nrc`k tfoe. Dn`vorsogy' it i vory oirgy stiko'sneo Eusgce c`toggodtuigs fivo ippgcoh tfo drctcdcse na [ostor` sdfngirsfcp tntfocr nw` rogckcn`' fcstnry i`h dugturo' sn tfit tnhiy tfo arn`t gcò lotwoo` tfodrctcdig i`h tfo u`drctcdig ru`s tfrnukf Csgie. Igtfnukf ct cs nato` dn`doigoh'

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tfcs prnvnmos ùeornus c`torìg dn`cdts. Anr c` Csgie' is c` Dfrcstci`cty i`hJuhicse' is wogg is igg tfo prnkross cs`t tforo igsn i kroit hoig na rokrosscn`>Iro t tforo igsn aigso hovognpeo`ts' ansscgczitcn`s i`h orrnrs> Just is choigcstcd

i`h roento hopcdtcn`s na tfo dfurdf iro air arne tfo roigcty na Dfrcstci`cty' cstfit pnssclgy igsn tfo diso wctf scecgir iddnu`ts na Csgie> C tfo gn`k ru`' iggchoigczitcn`s' eystcditcn`s i`h kgnrcditcn`s iro eiho it tfo dnst na tfo rogc%kcn` ctsoga. Hn t lntf Dfrcstci`cty i`h Csgie digg anr trutfaugòss> [fy `nttfo` igsn trutfaugòss tnwirhs nòsoga>

@octfor prnfclctcn`s na quostcn`s `nr gieo dnepircsn`s

@n rogckcnus nr stito iutfnrcty fis tfo rckft tn fc`hor tfo quost anr trutf ly prn%

fclctc`k quostcn s. Rrodcsogy anr tfo simo na tfo trutf na nòs nw` rogckcn`' nòeust lo u rosorvohgy trutfaug' tfnukf na dnurso tfcs eust lo dnupgoh wctf jus%tcdo i`h aicròss. _gtceitogy aroo hcsdusscn` di``nt lo supprossoh' ovo` cìutfnrctirci` i`h tntigctirci` systoes: tfo Rnpo dnugh `nt stnp tfo holitoilnut tfo nrhcìtcn` na wneo` wctf i` càiggclgo stitoeo`t' i`h IyitnggifMfneoc`c dnugh nt stnp tfo dn`trnvorsy nvor Tigei` \usfhco wctf iaitwi. Tnct eust lo porecssclgo tn c`vostckito wfotfor i`h tn wfit oxto`t Csgie' porfipsc` tfo anre na sneo na cts roproso`titcvos' o`dnurikos c`tngori`do &ospodciggytnwirhs rogckcnus ec`nrctcos#' c`spcros ecgcti`dy &wctf cts u`cvorsig dgices'c`dguhc`k pgi`s tn dn`quor tfo wnrgh# i`h oelnhcos rokrosscvoòss &anroxiepgo c` rospodt na hoendridy' fuei` rckfts i`h tfo stitus na wneo`#.

C sfigg igsn hcsduss tfo kroit fcstnrcd dnàrn`titcn`s lotwoo` Csgie i`hDfrcstci`cty: tfo Iril dn`quost na nrckcìggy Dfrcstci` torrctnrcos c` tfo EchhgoOist i`h @nrtf Iarcdi i`h tfo do`turcos%gn`k nddupitcn` na Tpic` c` tfo [osti`h tfo Ligmi`s c` tfo Oist. I`h tfo oxpi`scn` na Csgie c` lgidm Iarcdi i`hTnutf%Oist Isci i`h tfo oaanrts tn prnhudo i sc`kgo Csgiecd arn`t ikic`st tfo[ost di``nt lo ck`nroh. Gcmowcso' tfo Ournpoi` dnu`tor%naao`scvos ikic`stCsgie eust igsn lo suljodt tn dgnso c`spodtcn`: `nt n`gy tfo drusihos i`h tfoTpi`csf rodn`qucstilut igsn' i`h ilnvo igg' tfo ecgctiry' odn`necd' dugturig i`hrogckcnus oxpi`scn` na tfo [ost c` tfo tceo na enhor` dngn`cigcse i`h ceporc%igcseup tn tfo aitig Criq wir na


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Ttrn`k hnults ceeohcitogy ircso nvor tfoso gieo dnepircsn`s:

% cs i fnstcgo ceiko na Csgie loc`k dnepiroh wctf i` choigczoh ceiko na tfo[ost>

% cs t tforo eudf c`tngori`do' ecgcti`dy i`h lidmwirhòss c` tfo [ost' i`heudf tngori`do' gnvo na poido i`h prnkross c` Csgie>

% cs t sudf i arco`hano sdfoeo eoi`t tn endm i`h oxdguho wfit cs stri`ko tnus>

% cs i pcdturo na tfo roig Csgie roiggy loc`k snukft foro>

Xnhiy' Dfrcstci`cty cs qucto npo`gy pgurigcstcd i`h Csgie cs enro pgurigcstcdtfi` ct sooes. Nò na tfo lost Dfrcstci` oxports n` Csgie' [cgaroh Di twogg

Tectf'fis dn`sti`tgy oepfisczoh' qucto dnrrodtgy' tfit Dfrcstci`s eust u`hor%sti`h Csgie is Eusgces u`horsti`h ct tfoesogvos.88 Fnwovor' tfo quostcn`ceeohcitogy ircsos: wfcdf Eusgces> Di` wo spoim na Eusgces nr Csgie justgcmo tfit>

4. Xfo roig ceiko na Csgie

Xforo cs i echhgo wiy lotwoo` dircditurc`k Csgie i`h kgnrcayc`k ct. Xfodneen` aicgc`k na tfoso twn ipprnidfos cs tfit lntf iro ittidfoh tn i en`n%

gctfcd i`h u`fcstnrcdig ceiko na Csgie i`h prosuppnso tfit Csgie fis igwiysloo`' i`h cs' ovorywforo tfo sieo. Fnwovor hcaaoro`t [iffilc Tiuhcs'Cri`ci` Tfccto euggifs' Okyptci` Csgiecd Lrotfro`' Rigostc`ci` Fieis kftors'Rimcsti`c Tus nr Ieorcdi` Lgidm Eusgces eiy lo' ct cs tfnukft tfit tforo cs iòtorìg u`dfi`kc`k osso`do na Csgie' rihcdiggy hcaaoro`t arne ovorytfc`k[ostor`. C` tfo aido na sudf scepgcditcn`' n`gy i dn`sti`t' hcaaoro`tcitoh dn`%schoritcn` na twn porspodtcvos di` fogp. Xfo ceiko na Csgie' gcmo tfit naDfrcstci`cty' cs knvoròh tfrnukfnut ly i twnangh hcigodtcd: tfit na osso`do i`h

anre i`h na osso`do i`h porvorscn`.

Xfo osso`do na Csgie c` dfi`kc`k anres

Ca sneo oirgcor pulgcditcn`s n` Csgie fivo sfnw` i gidm na to`scn`'c` anrkotaugòssna tfo proso`t' sneo durro`t pulgcditcn`s suaaor arne sfnrt%sckftohòss c` i`nlsosscn` wctf tfo proso`t.N`gy i` up%tn%hito c`torprotitcn`'wctf i fcstnrcdig c`%hoptf hceo`scn`' di` fogp c` tfo hcignkuo lotwoo` rogckcn`s i`h dugturos. Xfodn`dopt na Csgie cs hotorecòh ly cts dn`droto fcstnrcdig anre it i`y nò tceo'lut

ly wiy na oxikkoritcn` c` tfo nppnscto hcrodtcn`' nò dnugh igenst siy tfit Csgiefis ovor i`ywforo loo` tfo sieo.Oidf iko fis cts nw` ceikos i`h roigczitcn`s naCsgie' wfcdf fivo krnw` nut na i pirtcdugir fcstnrcdig sctuitcn`' loo` gcvoh nut nai`h sfipoh ly pirtcdugir sndcig i`h rokcnìg anrdos i`h Eusgce dneeu`ctcos'i`h

4. XFO \OIG CEIKO NA CTGIE 93

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anreoh lntf loanrofi`h i`h iatorwirhs ly c`hcvchuig' c`toggodtuiggy stceugitc`k'porsnìgctcos.

[o eust rodnk`czo tfit' anr igg tfo fcstnrcdig durro`ts i`h dnu`tor%durro`ts'

c` tfo vircnus dn`sti`tgy sfcatc`k fcstnrcdig ceikos i`h gcvoh%nut roigczitcn`s naCsgie tforo cs i` ilchc`k ogoeo`t tn wfcdf wo sfigg fivo tn hovnto igg nur itto`%tcn`: cts liscd dnepnò ts i`h liscd porspodtcvos stoe arne i` nrckc` tfit cs ly`n eoi`s ri`hne lut cs kcvo` wctf i qucto spodcd fcstnrcdig porsnìgcty' i fngysdrcpturo. Xfcs roeic`s i` o`hurc`k nre. Is c` tfo fcstnry na Dfrcstci`cty' sntnn c` tfo fcstnry na Csgie tforo cs i porscstc`k ogoeo`t' c`hooh i` osso`do' idneen` sulsti`do' nr wfitovor nò diros tn digg ct. C ie wogg iwiro na tfo ecs%u`horsti`hc`ks lnu`h up wctf tfoso trihctcnìg tores. Xforoanro' ikic`st igg

rckch osso`tcigcse' C wnugh ceeohcitogy ihh tfit tfcs ilchc`k osso`do sfnwsctsoga n`gy c` wfit cs dfi`kc`k: tforo cs i` cho`tcty' lut n`gy c` vircilgos= i dn`%tcùue'lut n`gy c` tfo ovo`t=i dn`sti`dy'lut n`gy c` dfi`kc`k ei`caostitcn`s.C` sfnrt' tfo osso`do na Csgie sfnws ctsoga `nt c` eotipfyscdig ceenlcgcty i`hroentoòss lut n`gy c` i dn`sti`tgy dfi`koilgo fcstnrcdig anre na ippoiri`donr Kostigt. Xn kot i sckft na tfcs nrckc ig' ilchc`k osso`do na Csgiewfcdf cshyìecd' `nt stitcd i`h rckchnò eust nto cts dfi`kc`k fcstnrcdig ei`caos%titcn`' cts Kostigt.8?

Tudf i fcstnrcdig ipprnidf eiy sooe uùsuig tn sneo Eusgces &i`h igsn tnsneo Dfrcstci`s#'lut n`gy ca wo soo tfo osso`do na Csgie c` cts dfi`kc`k fcstnr%cdig ei`caostitcn`s hn wo krisp tfo Csgie arne wfcdf C wi`t tn lokc` c` tfcsiddnu`t: `nt i` choigczoh Csgie c` tfo roento spforos na i pfcgnsnpfcdig' tfon%gnkcdig nr jurcstcd tfonry' lut roig Csgie'is ct oxcsts c` tfcs wnrgh i`h cts fcstnry.Xfo roig osso`do na roig Csgie timos pgido c` hcaaoro`t fcstnrcdig anres.

Xfit cs cgguecìtc`k: `nwforo cs tforo i` osso`do na Csgie c` ctsoga' hotidfoh'hcstcggoh wctf dfoecdig purcty arne tfo nw na fcstnry: osso`do i`h anredi``nt lo òitgy sopiritoh. It tfo sieo tceo' ct cs cepnrti`t tn soo osso`doi`h anre c` tfocr hcaaoro`t ìturos. Ntforwcso fnw dnugh Csgiecd roanreors'wfn fivo oxcstoh it igg tceos i`h stcgg oxcst tnhiy' hoò tfo ilchc`k c` wfitcs timc`k sfipo i`h juhko tfo dn`droto' fcstnrcdig ei caostitcn`> Fnwntforwcso dnugh Eusgces i`h `n`%Eusgces fivo i `nre ly wfcdf tn hoòwfit cs iddoptilgo nr roprofo`sclgo c` i pirtcdugir fcstnrcdig i`h oepcrcdig anrena Csgie> Xfo cepnrti`t na tfcs wcgg oeorko wfo` wo dn`schor tfo sodn`hporspodtcvo.

Xfo osso`do na Csgie i`h cts porvorscn`@nt i aow Eusgces &i`h Dfrcstci`s# suaaor lodiuso Csgie &gcmo Dfrcstci`cty#di` lo hcstnrtoh' aigscoh i`h ecsusoh lntf c` ovoryhiy prcvito gcao i`h c` tfowchor wnrgh na pngctcds. Gcmo Dfrcstci`cty' Csgie nato` fis loo` i`h cs usoh ly

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rugors is i pngctcdig c`strueo`t c`stoih na loc`k gcvoh nut is aictf i`h otfcds.Xfus nato` Csgie' gcmo Dfrcstci`cty' fis snw` fitroh i`h vcngo`do i`h c`spcrohi`h gokctceitoh npprosscn` i`h wir' c`stoih na hcssoec itc`k justcdo i`h

fuei`cty.Xfnso wctf i rogckcnus nrco`titcn` sfnugh `nt ho y tfit' is i fuei` pfo%`neo`n`'rogckcn` cs ielcvigo`t.C` i y rogckcn`'osso`do i`h anre'tfo ilchc`ki`h tfo dfi`kc`k' tfo knnh i`h tfo lih' sivc`k i`h hie`c`k' osso`do i`h por%vorscn`81 iro c`torwnvo` i`h di` òvor dgoirgy lo sopiritoh ly fuei` loc`ks'wfn iro tfoesogvos hoopgy ielcvigo`t. \ogckcn` di` lo porvortoh ovo` c` ctsenst osso`tcig ogoeo`t' tfo Lclgo nr tfo Yuri`.Ovo` tfo lost rogckcnus choigcsei`h roihcòss anr sidrcdo di` lo ilusoh i`h lo prnò tn ovcg. Rnwor%fu`kry

i`h nltuso roproso`titcvos na lntf rogckcn`s prnvo tfit kucgt i`h sc`' lntf por%snìg i`h strudturig' iro pnssclgo ovo` c` tfo fngcost tfc`ks. C` sfnrt' c` Csgietnn' roig osso`do di` lo porvortoh. Xfcs cs `nt cts gokctceito lut cts cggokctceitoosso`do' `nt cts iutfo`tcd lut cts porvortoh osso`do.

Xfo porvorscn` na tfo osso`do na ovory rogckcn` cs i hirm sfihnw n` igg fcs%tnrcdig oris. Xfit cs wfy nò di` soo tfo fcstnry na i`y rogckcn` c` i pnsctcvo nr iòkitcvo gckft. Ca c` Csgie tforo cs air goss pulgcd dnepgic`t ilnut tfcs' ct cslodiuso sudf dnepgic`t cs air enro hi`kornus tfi` c` Dfrcstci`cty: c` lntf rogc%kcn`s' nvor tfo dnurso na tceo ct cs pnssclgo tn rodnk`czo nt n gy i sfipc`k i`hanrdc`k na fcstnry lut igsn i hokoòritcn` i`h dipctugitcn` tn ct. \ogckcn` di`hokoòrito c`tn i pnwor ippiritus wnrmc`k wctf vory wnrghgy eoi`s i`h iluroiudridy do`troh n` ctsoga i`h lodneo i supordcig trihctcnìg rogckcnusaoogc`k wfcdf cs pnnr c` sulsti`do. I`ynò' fcstnrci` nr wir dnrrospn`ho`t'wfn wi`ts tn x n` tfo okitcvo di` oiscgy wrcto i drcecìg fcstnryna Csgie'natfo mc`h tfit fis loo` wrctto` na Dfrcstci`cty' i`h dnepgotogy ecss cts osso`tcigsly andusc`k n` lgnnh i`h toirs' hoitf i`h idts na vo`koi`do' wrn`k tur`s i`haigso hovognpeo`ts.

Xfcs eoi`s tfit nt n`gy fcstnrcdcty c` koòrig lut igg tfo fcstnrcdig càodtcn`na Csgie ly ogoeo`ts wfcdf iro dn`triry tn Csgie wcgg' ovo` c` cts oirgcost fcstnry'lo gieo`toh ly ei y Eusgces &tfroo na tfo anur rckftgy%kuchoh digcpfs woroeurhoroh#. [fit sneo Eusgces tnhiy iro siyc`k c` sodrot' i aow iro siyc`kpulgcdgy. I`h wforo i` iutfnrctirci` pngctcdig systoe hnos nt iggnw ponpgo tneckrito' tfoy fivo turòh c`wirhs. Enro rodo`t drctcdig vncdos' arne Tigei`\usfhco tn Xisgcei @isrc`' eiy sooe nò%schoh' irrnki`t' eigcdcnus' c`hoohhieìlgo tn ei y Eusgces' lut tfoy sfnugh lo gcstoòh tn. Ct wnugh lo wrn`k

tn dnu`tor tfoe n`gy wctf dnwirhgy ipngnkotcd' porsodutcn`' ovo` tfroits nahoitfc stoih na wctf i roig ipngnkci' i hoao`do i`h justcditcn` na Eusgceaictf' wfcdf m`nws fnw tn hcstc`kucsf lotwoo` wogg%anu`hoh i`h uànu`hohdfirkos i`h au`hieo`tig roanres.

4. XFO \OIG CEIKO NA CTGIE

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Xfo stitus qun is i drctorcn`>

C wcgg òvor scepgy timo tfo proso`t stitus qun na Csgie is i drctorcn` nr justcayct &i`h foro C logcovo tfit C ie c` dnepi y wctf ei`y Eusgces#= iator igg'

ei`y Eusgces tfoesogvos fnpo anr nr urko i roòwig na tfocr rogckcn`. \itfor'wrctc`k is' sn tn spoim' tfocr Dfrcstci` ihvndito' C wcgg u`hortimo i drctcdigrodn`ìcssi`do tfit sfnugh lo i fogp tnwirhs tfo roòwig na Csgie tfit csdn`sti`tgy òdossiry. C dfnso tfcs ipprnidf anr Juhicse i`h Dfrcstci`cty'wctfnut aigsogy spirc`k ey nw` rogckcn`' i`h C wcgg ittoept ct anr ey iddnu`tna Csgie.

Cs tfcs i prosueptunus ice> @nt it igg. [fit C fivo sich na Dfrcstci`ctyippgcos foro: is i` odueo`cdig tfongnkci` dneecttoh tn aicròss tn igg rogckcn`s

i`h ikic`st igg tfo dn`sti`tgy tfroito`c`k arustritcn` i`h rosckìtcn` naroanreors na igg rogckcn`s' wfn sneotceos aoog tfit tfoy iro hnks liyc`k it tfoenn` nr iro ru``c`k up ikic st i lrcdm wigg' C wnugh gcmo ey iìgytcdigipprnidf tn dn`trcluto tnwirhs i hcik`nscs na tfo proso`t wfcdf' wforo odos%siry' ittidms ilusos' cho tcos tfnso rospn`sclgo' c`droisos tfo prossuro anrroanre i`h o`dnurikos strudturig dfi`kos. @n rogckcn`òctfor Juhicse `nrDfrcstci`cty nr Csgie &`nr tfo rogckcn`s na C`hci` i`h Dfcòso nrckc`#di` lositcsoh wctf tfo stitus qun c` tfcs tceo na upfoivig. Ovorywforo tforo iro

ieizc`kgy piriggog quostcn`s ilnut i auturo roòwig. C` tfo aido na i`tcsoectcsei`h c`droisc`k Csgienpfnlci'wfit iro diggoh anr iro nt u`drctcdig pfcgnsoectosnr Csgienpfcgos &firhgy i`ynò tigms na Dfrcstci`npfcgos#'lut ritfor iutfo`tcd'trutfaug arco`hs na Juhicse i`h Csgie.

Gcmo Juhicse i`h Dfrcstci`cty' c` tfcs tri`sctcnìg pfiso na wnrghfcstnry Csgie cs c`vngvoh c` i au`hieo`tig dn`cdt na trihctcn` i`h c``nvitcn`=fnw tfcs di` ìggy lo rosngvoh c` i ligi`doh wiy cs i` npo` quostcn`. Iswctf Juhicse i`h Dfrcstci`cty' sn wctf Csgie' nò isms nòsoga wfotfor tfcs

rogckcn` wcgg suddooh c` prosorvc`k cts rogckcnus sulsti`do' cts osso`do' hospctoigg tfo hcaaoro`dos i`h dn`cdts' hospcto igg tfo hcaaoro`t tro`hs i`h sdfnngsi`h tfo littgos lotwoo` trihctcnìgcsts i`h enhor`csts' i`h it tfo sieo tceorosfipo ctsoga anr i òw koòritcn`. [cgg tfo Csgiecd ponpgos' wfn iro diukftup c` i troeo`hnus drcscs na oxcsto`do it tfo fockft na enhor`cty is i rosugt natfocr dnàrn`titcn` wctf [ostor` ceporcigcse i`h dngn`cigcse i`h wctfOurnpoi` sdco`do i`h odn`necds' todf`ngnky i`h hoendridy' suddooh cìddoptc`k tfo dfiggo`ko na i òw ori i`h wnrm droitcvogy tnwirhs i òw pnst%

enhor` anre na Csgie> C tfcs kgnligczoh wnrgh' igg tfo kroit rogckcn`s iro c`tri`sctcn` arne tfo drcscs na enhor`cty c`tn i pnstenhor`ctyna sneo mc`h &nru`hor wfitovor ìeo# i`h iro tfus oxpnsoh tn tfo sieo mc`h na strudturigprnlgoes.

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_`horsti`hc`k Csgie arne tfo c`scho

Nutschors di` rodnk`czo tfo aructaug hovognpeo`t na Csgiecd stuhcos' wfcdftnhiy iro loc`k o`kikoh c` enro i`h enro ly [ostor` i`h Csgiecd sdfngirs

jnc`tgy. Ign`k wctf tfo pngctcdig i`h odn`necd roviguitcn` na tfo Csgiecdìtcn`s i`h Csgiecd ceeckritcn` c`tn [ostor` Ournpo i`h Ieorcdi' tfcs cs tfoproecso anr tfo u`quostcnìlgy opndf%eimc`k ronrco`titcn` na tfo \nei`Ditfngcd Dfurdf' hndueo`toh c` tfo Hodgiritcn` n` tfo @n`%Dfrcstci`\ogckcn`s ly tfo Todn`h Qitcdi` Dnu`dcg &931?#.8; Iator tfo Dnu`dcg ct wis igsnoxprossoh c` i vircoty na eootc`ks lotwoo` Eusgces i`h Dfrcstci s' nadcig i`hu`nadcig. Xfo [nrgh Dnu`dcg na Dfurdfos wis igsn dn`doròh wctf kroitornpo`òss tnwirhs ntfor rogckcn`s' i`h c` 93;3 anr tfo rst tceo pulgcsfoh

Kuchogcòs n` tfo Hcignkuo wctf Ronpgo na Gcvc`k Aictfs i`h Chongnkcos.86

Ct cs nlvcnus tfit c` Dfrcstci`cty tforo di` lo n knc`k lidm tn tfo ngh ipngn%kotcds i`h pngoecds'tn ceeu`czitcn` ly hoaieitcn`.Xfo do`turcos na csngitcnì`h eutuig ck`nri`do iro c` i`y diso cepnssclgo anr i` c`droisc`k ùelor naponpgo tn timo: lnnms' eiss eohci' trivog' fu`hrohs na tfnusi`hs na ihforo`tsna i`ntfor rogckcn` c` nòs nw` dnu`try' fivo igg fih tfocr oaaodt.Hospcto ei`ypngctcdig idts na vcngo`do i`h wirs' dn`toept anr ntfor rogckcn`s cs sgnwgy kcvc`kwiy tn u`horsti`hc`k' ck`nri`do tn cànreitcn`' ecsscn` tn hcignkuo. Ca tfo

[ost dfi`kos cts ittctuho tn tfo Csgiecd wnrgh' tfit wnrgh wcgg snnòr nr gitordfi`ko cts ittctuho tn tfo [ost.

Dfrcstci` tfongnkci`s wcgg `nt c`vostckito Csgie arne i pnsctcn` na soga%issuri`do n`gy arne tfo nutscho' c` hotidfoh nljodtcvcty. Tc`do tfoy tnn iroc`vngvoh' tfoy wcgg dn`sti`tgy tfc`m na quostcn`s anr tfocr nw` rogckcn` i`h anr%eugito tfoe npo`gy. Dfrcstci`s &i`h nato` igsn Eusgces tfoesogvos# air tnnnato` stcgg rokirh Csgie is i rckch o`tcty' is i dgnsoh systoe na rogckcn ' ritfortfi` is i gcvc`k rogckcnus envoeo`t wfcdf nvor tfo do`turcos fis u`horknò

opndf%eimc k pirihcke sfcats c` i dn`sti`t prndoss na dfi`ko.Ct fis hovognpohkroit c`torìg hcvorscty i`h sfipoh i kroit vircoty na ponpgo wctf i lrnih spod%true na ittctuhos i`h aoogc`ks.

Nur dn`dor` eust lo sgnwgy' is lost wo di`' tn u`horsti`h arne wctfc`wfy Eusgces soo Knh i`h tfo wnrgh' wnrsfcp i`h tfo sorvcdo na fuei`cty'pngctcds' giw i`h irt wctf hcaaoro`t oyos i`h oxporco`do tfoe wctf hcaaoro`tfoirts. Acrst' wo sfnugh lo dgoir tfit anr tfo kroit eijnrcty na Eusgces' ovo`tnhiy' Csgie cs `nt scepgy i pirt na gcao' wfit sodugirczoh ponpgo iro an`h na

diggc`k tfo rogckcnus aidtnr ign`kscho tfo dugturig aidtnrs. Anr logcovc`kEusgces tfocr gcao i`h rogckcn`' rogckcn` i`h dugturo' iro c torwnvo` c` igcvogy wiy' is iro tfocr rogckcn` i`h pngctcds. Csgie sooms i` igg%oelridc`kvcow na gcao' i` igg%porviscvo ittctuho wi`h i wiy na gcao wfcdf hotorecòs

4. XFO \OIG CEIKO NA CTGIE

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ovorytfc`k. [o sfigg fivo tn oxiec`o fnw air tfcs di` lo roigczoh c` i ow ori nawnrgh fcstnry.

C` i` iko na irnusoh odueo`cdig iwiro`ossenro tfi` ovor iator tfo ittidms

c` @ow Snrm i`h [isfc`ktn` n` 99 Toptoelor

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I CC

Rrnlgoes na tfo Lokc``c`k

[fn wis tfo rst Eusgce> Xfo eijnrcty na Dfrcstci`s wnugh dortic`gy ropgy:Eufieeih' tfo Rrnpfot. Is i rosugt' tforo iro stcgg ei`y ponpgo tnhiy wfnwrn`kgy digg tfcs rogckcn` Enfieeohi`cse i`h cts ihforo`tsEnfieeohi`si`h c` sn hnc`k kroitgy naao`h Eusgces.[o di` roih c` i`yogoeo`tiry c`trnhudtcn` tn Csgie wfit fis igroihy loo` gich hnw` c` tfoYuri`: tfo rst Eusgce cs Ihie'tfo rst fuei` loc`k' anr fo igroihy sulect%toh tn tfo nò i`h n`gy Knh' is hch @nif i`h Ilrifie' Ensos i`h igg tfoprnpfots' c`hooh ìggy Josus. Xfoy igg' c` tfocr nw` wiy' igroihy pridtcsohCsgie' sulecsscn ' surro`hor tn tfo wcgg na tfo nò i`h n`gy Knh. Igtfnukftfo hovognpeo`ts na tfcs toidfc`k woro igwiys ihiptoh tn hcaaoro`t ponpgos i`htceos i`h tfus hcaaoroh c` sneo rospodts' tfoy woro igwiys ilnut tfo sieo eos%siko: sulecsscn` tn Knh'surro`hor tn Knh.

Xfcs cs prodcsogy wfit tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih prndgiceoh.Is tfo gist na tfoprnpfots fo scepgy ogovitoh tfcs otorìg toidfc`k tn cts fckfost' ìg stiko. Tn

Csgie cs tfo nò' truo'poraodt'otorìg rogckcn` na fuei`mc`h i`h tfo rogckcn` natfo vory lokc``c`k. Ct cs tfo toidfc`k na tfo Yuri`' just is ct cs tfo toidfc`k natfo Lclgo'tfit tfo rst fuei` loc`k logcovoh c` tfo nò Knh.Xfit cs tfo Eusgcesoga%u`horsti`hc`k' i`h tfo Eusgce tfongnky na fcstnry. Fnw eudf na ct di` loprnvoh fcstnrcdiggy>

9. Acvo tfnusi`h yoirs na @oir Oistor` fckf rogckcn`s

Loanro wo tur` tn tfo porsnìgcty na tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih' tn lo ilgo tn sootfo Rrnpfots nrckcìgcty wo ooh tn pcdturo sneo ho`c`k strudturos i`h eirmnut tfo arieownrm wctfc` wfcdf fo gcvoh.Anr tfcs' fnwovor' wo fivo tn kn lidm ign`k wiy. Fnw air> Xn tfo lokc``c`k na fuei` fcstnry> C` tfocr oirgy o`tfuscise

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tn soo i hovognpeo`t' otf`ngnkcsts wi`toh tn kn strickft lidm tn tfo vory rstlokc``c`ks na rogckcn`. Lut tfoy fivo `nw ili`hnòh tfo soirdf anr i prceigrogckcn`' wfotfor i`cecstcd nr en`ntfocstcd. [fy> Lodiuso tfoy scepgy hn nt

fivo tfo odossiry snurdos anr i fcstnrcdig oxpgiìtcn` na tfo nrckc` na rogckcn`=dn`toepnriry ìturo%ponpgos fivo ly `n eoi`s roeicòh puro prceigponpgos' is wis n`do tfnukft. Xfoy tnn fivo i gn`k' ca u`wrctto`' fcstnry.9

[fit ilnut tfo Lclgo> Dfrcstci` tfongnkci`s sfnugh npo`gy dn`doho tfit tfoLclgo dn`tic`s `n fcstnrcdig cànreitcn` ilnut tfo lokc``c`ks na rogckcn`.Kcvo` tfocr gctoriry ko`ro' stnrcos c` tfo lnnm na Koòscs ilnut i pirihcsigprceig stito na fuei` loc`ks i`h tfocr sulsoquo`t aigg hn `nt sot nut tn loroeoelri`dos na prceig tceos' fcstnrcdig iddnu`ts= tfoy dn`tic` i pnotcd eos%

siko' c` rogckcnus kirl' ilnut tfo kroitòss na tfo nò Knh i`h Droitnr i`h tfoau`hieo`tig knnhòss na fcs droitcn`'i`h ilnut fuei` aroohne'rospn`sclcg%cty i`h kucgt. Rroso`t%hiy Dfrcstci` tfongnky fis tforoanro gnst cts oirgy c`torostc` i prceig en`ntfocse: ct fis n hcadugtcos c` iddoptc`k i` ovngutcn` na tfownrgh i`h na fuei` loc`ks arne gnwor nrki`cses' i`h hnos `nt try tn eimo isy`tfoscs lotwoo` lclgcdig tostcen`y i`h otf`ngnkcdig ovcho`do. Ct cs o`nukf tnm`nw tfit c` tfo tfnusi`hs na yoirs na fuei` fcstnry `n ponpgo i`h n trclofivo sn air loo` anu`h tfit fivo n dfiridtorcstcds na rogckcn` &c` tfo lrnihostso`so na tfo wnrh' wfcdf c`dguhos eikcd#.

Irilci n` tfo porcpfory na tfo kroit oepcros

[o iro rogitcvogy wogg cànreoh ilnut tfo oirgcost fckf dugturos' lodiuso tfoy irotfo rst dugturos wctf wrctc`k. Igtfnukf tfo hcsdusscn` ilnut wforo tfo rstfuei` loc`k &fnen sipco`s# ippoiroh'wfotfor c Iarcdi nr ogsowforo' cs stcgg càugg swc`k' tfo hcsdusscn` ilnut tfo rst oirgy fcstnrcdig fckf dugturos i`h fckfrogckcn`s wfcdf irnso irnu`h vo tfnusi`h yoirs ikn fis gn`k sc`do sottgohhnw`. Xfo oirgcost fckf dugturo hovognpoh gn`k loanro tfo C`hus dugturo c` tfoC`hus viggoy' tfo Tfi`k dugturo c` tfo viggoy na tfo Soggnw \cvor i`h prnlilgyloanro tfo Okyptci` dugturo c` tfo @cgo Hogtic` snutfor` Eosnpntieci'c` tfonnh pgic`s na tfo Oupfritos i`h tfo Xckrcs=i`h tfcs dugturo fih naasfnnts is airis Irilci.

[fit wnugh Irilci fivo loo` wctfnut tfo c`vo`tcn`s eiho c` tfo toepgodctcos na Tueorci: na tfo wfoog' tfo pnttors wfoog' tfo wikn`' tfo nghost systoena digdugitcn` &usoh anr tfo toepgo odn`ney i`h tn ostilgcsf i` nrhor na knhs c`tfo dnsecd systoe#> [fit wnugh Irilci fivo loo` wctfnut tfo c`vo`tcn` na

wrctc`k: c` Tueor rst na igg i pcdtnrcig sdrcpt sdritdfoh n` dgiy tilgots &na i mc`hc`vo`toh igenst dn`toepnriònusgy c` Okypt#' arne wfcdf duòcanre i`hìggy i syggilcd sdrcpt dieo c`tn loc`k>< [ctfnut wrctc k' ihec cstritcvorokcstors di``nt lo sot up' `nr di` eossikos lo tri`secttoh nvor gn`k

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hcsti`dosproroqucsctos anr tfo nrki`czitcn` na girko pnpugitcn`s i`h anrrotic`c`k goir`c`k anr gitor koòritcn`s.

Fcstnrcdig rosoirdf sfnws tfit arne tfo oirgcost tceos tn tfo tceo na Csgie i

ecdrn%strudturo i`h i dn`triry eidrnstrudturo cùo`doh @oir Oistor`sndcoty.

Xfo au`hieo`tig ecdrnstrudturo' wfcdf fih loo` sfipoh ly seigg krnups'wis fogh tnkotfor ly mc`sfcp i`h òckflnurgcòss. Aiecgcos' dgi`s i`h trclosworo rospn`sclgo anr eirrcikos i`h lrc`kc`k up dfcghro`= tfoy sottgoh hcsputosi`h anreoh i dneen` hoao`scvo arn`t ikic`st tfo nutscho wnrgh.

Nvor ilnvo i`h tfcs' i`h ru` c`k dn`triry tn ct' wis i eidrnstrudturoanreoh n` tfo nò fi`h ly rogckcn` i`h n` tfo ntfor ly oepcros wfcdf dn`%

sti`tgy c`droisoh c` uelor i`h ropgidoh nò i`ntfor. Xfcs strudturo wis dipi%lgo na c`tokritc`k dgi`s' vcggikos i`h trclos c`tn i sc`kgo sndcoty' goihc`k tn kroitdugturig idfcovoeo`ts arne tfo c`vo`tcn` na wrctc`k' tfrnukf tfo droitcn` nacepnrti`t wnrms na eytf' rogckcn` i`h pnotry' tn eistorpcodos na irdfctodturoi`h sdugpturo.

Xfo kcki`tcd Irilci` po`c`sugi' lotwoo` tfo Rorsci` Kuga i`h tfo \oh Toi'giy n` tfo porcpfory na tfo rst kroit dugturig spforo' wfcdf fih hovognpoh c`tni kroit soecdcrdgo' tfo Aortcgo Drosdo`t.4 Xfo ìeo na cts c`filcti`ts' Irclc'ippoirs anr tfo rst tceo c` tfo c`tf do`turyldo' c` i duòcanre iddnu`t na tfolittgo na Yirqir &6?4 ldo# ly tfo Issyrci` mc`k Tfigeiòsor CCC= tforo cs sneohcsputo is tn prodcsogy wfit gcos lofc`h tfcs ìeo &otf`cdiggy nr konkripfc%diggy#.8 Ly tfo rst ecggo``cue ldo' Toectos arne tfo nrtf fih ihvi`doh c`tntfo snutf na tfo po c`sugi. C` tfo niscs rokcn`s na tfo ric y snutf%wostor` trc%i`kgo' wogg prntodtoh ly tfo Irilci` Toi i`h tfo \oh Toi i`h tfo kroit hosortwctfc` Irilci'tfoy lucgt sovorig dcty%stitos wctf kroit toepgos'enùeo`ts i`hcrrckitcn` systoes.C` ihhctcn` tn tfo nrtfor` Toectcd dcvcgczitcn` na tfo Aortcgo

Drosdo`t' foro wis i snutfor` Toectcd dcvcgczitcnì` nutpnst &tfo Rfno`cdcina tfo snutf#wctf tfo gn`kost triho rnutos c tfo wnrgh it tfit tceo. Xfosoworo tfo ponpgo na Eic ' Tili' Yitili` i`h Fihrieiut' wfn iro usuiggydiggoh Tilioi`s' gitor Fceyirctos &Fneorctos#' lut tnhiy igsn Soeo`ctos. Anrgn`k do`turcos tfcs snutfor` Irilci hnecìtohlodiuso na cts aivnurilgodgceito &prnxcecty tn tfo en`snn`#' cts gudritcvo en`npngy c` c`do`so' i`hilnvo igg cts konkripfcdig sctuitcn`' wfcdf c` i`tcqucty wis nutsti`hc`k anrtriho lotwoo` oist &C hci# i`h wost &Okypt' tfo Eohctorriòi` dnu`trcos'

Eosnpntieci#. [ctf knnh roisn`' snutfor` Irilci' wctf cts firlnurs na Ihoì`h Yiì' fis loo` diggoh Irilci aogcx.

@nrtfor` Irilci wis au`hieo`tiggy hcaaoro`t arne tfcs rcdf i`h anrtuìtoIrilci' i prnhudor i`h cepnrtor na guxury knnhs'lut wctfnut goivc`k i`y kroit

9. ACQO XFN_TI@H SOI\T NA @OI\ OITXO\@ FCKF \OGCKCN@T

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c`toggodtuig' irtcstcd nr spcrctuig idfcovoeo`ts: ct wis irch' c`fnspctilgo' si`hy'stn`y' rndmy i`h fih `n gimos i`h rcvors' n`gy wihcs. Xfcs gi`h roqucroh na ctspgi`ts' i`ceigs i`h fuei` loc ks' hito piges i`h dieogs &tfo sfcps na tfo

hosort#' tfo utenst c` firhòss' o`huri`do i`h kftc`k spcrct. Lut ct wis tfcspirtcdugir nrtfor` iroi'wctf cts si`hy hosorts' stoppos i`h lisigt fcggs' lut igsncts nisos' tfit eiho ct pnssclgo anr tfo Lohnuc`s tn sottgo' dugtcvito tfo gi`h i`htriho &i`h gitor pnssclgy lrooh fnrsos' wfcdf woro cepnrti`t anr ecgctirczi%tcn`#. Xfcs `nrtf dfi`koh eirmohgy lodiuso na tfo kroitgy c droisoh dirivi`triho n` tfo c`do`so rnuto' wfcdf fih tn lo nrki`czoh' prntodtoh i`h o`dnur%ikoh. @nrtfor`'nr tn lo enro prodcso [ostor` Do trig' Irilci cs tfo roig fneona tfo Irils= wctf cts rcsc`k dctcos na Eoddi' Xica' Sitfrcl &gitor roìeoh

ig%EihcìfEohc i' tfo dcty na tfo Rrnpfotiator Eufieeih# i`h@ijri` ct cs tfo lcrtfpgido na Csgie. Xfo auturo wis tn logn`k tn ct.Xfo kroit Eosnpntieci` oepcros &Lilygn`ci`' Issyrci`'Dfighioi`# wfcdf

ropgidoh tfo oirgy Tueorci` dcty stitos porcsfoh is oirgy is tfo sovo`tf do`turyldo. Xfocr pgido wis timo` ly tfo rst dneprofo`scvo @oir Oistor` kroitoepcro' tfit na tfo Rorsci` Idfioeo`chs. Xfcs c` tur` wis hostrnyoh c` tfoanurtf do`turyldo ly Igoxi`hor tfo Kroit' wfn igsn dn`quoroh Okypt i`hc`dnrpnritoh cts c`hopo`ho`t dugturo i`h rogckcn` c`tn fcs Foggo`cstcd oepcro.Ctwis na hodcscvo gn`k%tore sck`cdi`do anr Irilci tfit tfcs rst kroit oepcro'strotdfc`k arne wost tn oist' wis ìggy hcvchoh ikic : c` tfo oist ct lodieo tfoRorsci` oepcro' rst tfit na tfo Rirtfci`s i`h arne tfo tfcrh do`turydo tfit natfo Tisi`ci`s &wctf cts dipctig Dtoscpfn` n` tfo Xckrcs#= c` tfo [ost ct lodieotfo \nei` oepcro' wfcdf sc`do tfo anurtf do`turydo fih loo` rugoh arneLyzi`tcue.Irilci'gyc`k sn tn spoim c lotwoo`'fih anr i gn`k tceo loo` i pgiy%tfc k na tfo kroit pnwors= is wogg is Rorsci i`h Lyzi`tcue' Dfrcstci`czohOtfcnpci &wctf cts dipctig Imsue# pgiyoh i rngo.

Xfo Iril trclos ihvi`doh air arne tfocr po`c`sugi'c`tn Tyrci i`h is air is tfoEohctorriòi`. C` tfo do`turcos loanro Csgie tfcs hch nt fippo` tfrnukf dn`%quost' lut tfrnukf i sgnw prndoss na eckritcn` i`h c`gtritcn` na Irilcd%spoimc`k c`hcvchuigs i`h trclig krnups' sneo `neihcd' sneo soec%`neihcdi`h sneo sottgoh. Xfo Irils woro `nt roento arne tfo kroit dugturos' lut n`tfocr hnnrstop.

Xfo nppnrtu`cty anr Irilci tn eimo cts eirm n` wnrgh fcstnry wis stcgg tndneoi`h wnugh lo na hodcscvo sck`cdi`do anr tfo sproih na Csgiewfo` c`tfo sovo`tf do`turydo lntf tfo Lyzi`tcò i`h tfo Tisi`ci` oepcros wo`t c`tn

hodgcò. I pnwor viduue anreoh' wfcdf tfo oxpi`hc`k Iril anrdos dnugh gg.Xfcs oxpi`scn` wnugh fivo loo` c`dn`docvilgo fih ct nt loo` spurroh n` ly iòw aictf. Sot wis tfcs aictf roiggy òw>

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9. ACQO XFN_TI@H SOI\T NA @OI\ OITXO\@ FCKF \OGCKCN@T

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Xfo lroimtfrnukf na prnpfotcd en`ntfocseCsriog i`h Cri`

@nt n`gy tfo oepcros lut igsn tfo rogckcn`s c` tfo @oir Oist u`horwo`t kroitupfoivigs.Nato` tfo knhs na tfo aiecgcos'vcggikos'trclos i`h dctcos woro ropgidoh

ly u`cvorsig knhs'tfo knhs na oepcros' wfn enstgy anreoh pi`tfon`s i`h fcor%irdfcos. Arne tforo' is cs nato` issortoh' ct wis n`gy i seigg stop &lut ovo` c`Csriog i gn`k hovognpeo`t' anr ovo` c` Csriog pngytfocse wis wchosproih u`tcgtfo Lilygn`ci` oxcgo c` tfo scxtf do`turyldo# tn logcoa c` tfo nò Knh wfn cs tfoKnh na tfo wfngo u`cvorso i`h tfo wfngo na fuei`mc`h.

En`ntfocse irnso c` Csriog n`gy n` tfo liscs na i wfngo sorcos naupfoivigs:?

C` tfo ockftf do turyldo i` c`ctciggy ec`nrcty Sifwof%ignò envoeo`tloki` tfo wnrsfcp na nò Knh &en`ngitry# lut wctfnut tfo ho`yc`k tfo oxcs%to`do na ntfor knhs nutscho Csriogfo`do tfo sfirp pngoecd na tfo prnpfotFnsoi ikic`st tfo wnrsfcp na ntfor knhs c` Csriog i`h ikic`st prnstctutcn` c` tfotoepgo prodc`dt' wfcdf wis tfo oxprosscn` na tfcs igco` dugturo.

C` tfo sovo`tf do`tury' sngo wnrsfcp na Sifwof lodieo ostilgcsfoh: c`Csriog n`gy Sifwof wis tn lo fn`nuroh c` wnrsfcp= u`hor Mc`k Jnscif tforo wisi roanre i`h do`trigczitcn` na tfo dugt n` Jorusigoe.

N`gy c` tfo scxtf do`tury hch tfo sngo wnrsfcp na Sifwof &en`ngitry#hovognp c`tn i strcdt logcoa c` nò Knh &en`ntfocse# wfcdf ho`coh tfo oxcs%to`do na igg ntfor knhs. Xfus Todn`h Csicif &Houtorn%Csicif# prndgices: Xforocs n Knh lut eo. Xforo cs n just i`h sivc`k Knh ign`kscho eo.1 Xfo dn`quostna Jorusigoe ly tfo Lilygn`ci`s' tfo hostrudtcn` na tfo toepgo na Tngnen` i`htfo hopnrtitcn` na tfo wfngo uppor dgiss tn Lilygn` &?6;61 ldo# woro c`tor%protoh is i pu`csfeo`t anr striyc`k c`tn pngytfocse i`h tfo ngh sdrcpturos worosulsoquo`tgy rovcsoh c` i strcdtgy en`ntfocstcd so`so. C` tfo sovo`tf do`tury c`

tfo Rorsci` oepcro' en`ntfocse fih gcmowcso lodneo ostilgcsfoh tfrnukf tfoprnpfotcd kuro na Znrnistor.

N`do Dfrcstci`cty fih ihnptoh Jowcsf en`ntfocse sovo` do`turcos gitor'igenst igg tfo ponpgos irnu`h Irilcitfo c`filcti`ts na lntf tfo Rorsci`Tisi`ci` oepcro i`h tfo \nei` Lyzi`tcò oepcrodnàossoh tfo nò Knh.I`h is dn`tidts lotwoo` tfo ponpgos na tfo @oir Oist hoopoòh' logcoa c` nòKnh'igsn suppnrtoh ly tfo Lyzi`tcò i`h tfo Rorsci` oepcros'dnugh hovognp cts

ecsscnìry anrdo. Iril trihors i`h dirivi`s hch nt fivo tn trivog air n` i`y natfo kroit triho rnutos loanro o`dnu`torc`k en`ntfocstcd ponpgos.Is wogg is tfoLyzi`tcò ceporcig dfurdf tforo wis tfo Dnptcd Dfurdf c` Okypt' tfo JidnlctoDfurdf c` Tyrci i`h tfo @ostnrci` Dfurdf c` Criq.

42 I CC. R\NLGOET NA XFO LOKC@@C@K

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suppnrt drnssoh tfo strict na Lil ig%Ei`hil' hoaoitoh tfo gist Juhiczc`k mc`k naFceyir i`h anr aty yoirs eiho snutfor` Irilci i` Otfcnpci` prntodtnrito.@ijri` lodieo i kroit Dfrcstci` do`tro:i fngy dcty wctf cts fngy eirtyrs Irotfis'

Ogosliis i`h Kroko`tcus' i`h i aienus dfurdf' i` Irilci` pgido na pcgkrceiko.Xfo Jows fih i firh tceo u`tcg tfo gi`h wis ìggy dn`quoroh ly tfo Rorsci`s c`?;?. Xfo Rorsci`s tfo` rugoh snutf Irilci anr aty yoirsu`tcg ct wis dn`quorohly tfo Irils. Arne Eirdf 142 tn Eirdf 149 tfoy rodocvoh ùeornus hogoki%tcn`s' c`dguhc k i hogokitcn` na Dfrcstci`s arne @ijri` tn Knhs Eosso`kor'irnu`h 12 m`ckfts c` stro`ktf i`h 98 na tfo enst prnecò`t ien`k tfoe'is Cl`Fcsfie ropnrts c` fcs lcnkripfy na tfo Rrnpfot. [fit wis hcsdussoh n` tfcsnddiscn` wctf tfoso Dfrcstci`s'wfn woro ei`caostgy En`npfysctos'fis yot tn lo

hcsdnvoroh' hospcto c`to`scvo rosoirdf.94

Fnwovor' Juhicse fih loo` strn`kgy roproso`toh `nt n`gy c` tfo snutf' lutanr i gn`k tceo igsn c` tfo nrtf'porfips sc`do tfo Lilygn`ci` oxcgo i`h dortic`gysc`do tfo rst do`turyldo.98 Jows gcvoh c` sovorig na tfo aortcgo pige nisos na tfoFcjiz &[ostor` Irilci# is aireors i`h driatseo`' ippiro`tgy `nt c` Eoddi lutpirtcdugirgy c` Sitfrcl &gitor Eohcì#.I tfcrh na tfo pnpugitcn` naSitfrcl cs sichtn fivo loo` Jowcsf: tforo wis ovo` i Jowcsf dgi` na knghsectfs i`h tforo woroirenurors i`h sdfngirs aiecgcir wctf tfo Folrow Lclgo i`h tfo Xigeuh. Xfoìeos i`h wnrms na Jowcsf pnots c` Irilci i koòritcn` loanro Eufieeih i`hc` fcs tceo iro prosorvoh c` dgisscd Irilcd pnotry. Iril fcstnrci`s eo`tcn` tfitirnu`h two`ty Jowcsf trclos gcvoh c` tfo rokcn` i`h tforo iro igsn ropnrts na Jowsc` ùeornus ntfor pgidos c` tfo `nrtfor` Fcjiz. Lut fnw woro tfc`ks wctf tfoDfrcstci`s>

Tcx do`turcos na Iril Dfrcstci`cty

Ckìz Knghzcfor' wfn dnelcòh kroit goir`c`k wctf i` c`suporilgo i`tcpitfytn Dfrcstci`s'wis dn`vc`dohna i gidm na i`y rodoptcvcty n` tfo pirt na tfo Irilwnrgh tn tfo chois tiukft c` Dfrcstci`cty.Fo irkuoh tfit ct wis odossiry tn ntotfo supordcig wiy c` wfcdf Dfrcstci`cty poòtritoh tfnso aow striti na tfoIril wnrgh c`tn wfcdf ct anu`h o`try' i`h fnw dnepgotogy igco` i`h c`hcaaoro`ttfo udgous na tfo Iril ponpgo wis tnwirhs ct'hospcto tfo suppnrt tfit tfcs rogc%kcn` anu`h c` sneo pirts na Iril torrctnry.9?

Ly dn`trist'Mo`òtf Drikk'i goihc`k Dfrcstci` oxport n` Csgie i`h tfo @oirOist' fis hoen`stritoh c` i rst dneprofo scvo sdfngirgy fcstnry na IrilDfrcstci`s91 wfit i rngo Dfrcstci`cty pgiyoh c` tfo @oir Oist it i vory oirgy

stiko.9; Rrc`do Fissi` lc` Xigig na Jnrhi`' tfo goiròh spnmosei` na i` Csgieroihy anr hcignkuo' fis dn`reoh tfcs c` i fcstnrcdig c`vostckitcn`.96 Iddnrhc`ktn Drikk' firhgy i`ytfc`k di` lo càorroh arne tfo eo`tcn` na Irils c` tfoRo`todnst ìrritcvo na tfo Idts na tfo Ipnstgos=93 wo hn `nt m`nw wfit Irils

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tfoso woro' lut tfoy woro dortic`gy nt Irils arne tfo Irilci` po`c`sugi &jizc%rit ig%Iril' csgi`h na tfo Irils#. I`h tfo stiy c` Irilci

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c`to`scvo ecsscnìry idtcvcty' wfcdf oxto`hoh is air is Do`trig Isci i`h Dfcì.C` tfcs rokcn` i prnpfot Eisgiei &nr Eusicgcei# ippoiroh' wfn c` dnepotc%tcn` wctf tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih prndgiceoh tfo nò Knh' tfo Eordcaug.

Arne tfo dnist Dfrcstci`cty c`gtritoh tfo c`torcnr.

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fckfgy rogovi`t anr tfo Yuri` i`h Eusgce uso na gi`kuiko'sudf is qigie &arnetfo Kroommigiens#' wfcdf eoi`s wrctc`k c`strueo`t' tfrnukf wfcdf Knh fistiukft ponpgo wfit tfoy hch nt m`nw loanro.

Xfo ngh Iril rogckcn` wis stcgg strn`k c` wostor` Irilci'wctf Eoddi is cts dug%tcd do`tro' wfcdf wis pirtcdugirgy cepnrti`t anr tfo auturo. Fnwovoreudf Dfrcstci cty fih sproih c` tfo `nrtf' snutf i`h oist na Irilci' ct eustlo dn`dohoh tn Knghzcfor tfit òctfor Nrtfnhnx Lyzi`tcò' En`npfyscto

`nr @ostnrci` Dfrcstci`cty suddoohoh c` poreiò`tgy rnntc`k Dfrcstci` aictfc` tfo Iril dn`sdcnusòss. [fy nt> En`ntfocse sooeoh iddoptilgo tn ei`yIrils c` tfo pro%Csgiecd porcnh' i`h tfoy woro npo` tn prnpfots i`h fngywrctc`ks' lut wfit sooeoh dnepgotogy uìddoptilgo wis i Foggo`cstcd


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dfrcstngnky wfcdf fih hocoh Josus' tfo EosscifDfrcst' cho`tcoh fce wctfKnh' i`h prndgiceoh i` c`dirìto i`h ovo` drudcoh Knh. C sfigg lo c`vostc%kitc`k tfcs c` hoticg gitor.

Drikk' tnn' `ntos i gidm na rnnts anr Dfrcstci`cty c` tfo Iril dn`sdcnusòssi`h isms: Eckft Iril Dfrcstci`cty' lntf c` tfo pro% i`h pnst%Csgiecd do`turcos'fivo airoh enro fnpoauggy fih tfo Kroom aidtnr c` cts stnry loo` goss c`toggodtu%iggy aistchcnus ilnut anreugis' enro tuòh tn Iril syepitfcos i`h dist naec`h>49 Drikk cs rckft: It stimo wis tfo vory ituro na Dfrcstci`cty is Folricdc` cts eossci`cd quigcty i`h Krodn%\nei` c` cts dfrcstngnkcdig oxprosscn`.Csgielrnukft i` ceporcnus tfocse'roissortc`k i Toectcd aictf tfit fih loo` nt n`gysultcgczoh lut lotriyohis Csgie siw ctly Dfrcstci` tfongnky.4

Ct cs cepnrti`t anr DfrcstciÈusgce hcignkuo tn `nto tfit proso`t%hiysdfngirs rodnk`czo tfo dn`tcùcty na Jowcsf Dfrcstci`cty wctf tfo lokc``c`ks naoirgy Dfrcstci`cty enro tfi` cts forotcdig hcstnrtcn`. Jowcsf Dfrcstci`s irorokirhoh is tfo gokctceito focrs na oirgy Dfrcstci cty' wforois anr tfo enst pirttfo @ow Xostieo`t roodts tfo vcow na Ko`tcgo Dfrcstci`cty is hoao`hoh ly Riug

i`h fcs anggnwors. Xfo Kttc`ko` oxokoto Konrk Ttrodmor dgoirgy oepfisczoh tfodurro`t tfongnkcdig sck`cdi`do na Jowcsf Dfrcstci cty: Xfnukf JowcsfDfrcstci`cty eiy `nt lo cho`tcoh wctf i ìturig Olcn`cto dfrcstngnky &tfo`ntcn` na pro%oxcsto`do igsn ippoirs#' tfo rotur` tn tfo fcstnrcdig anu`hitcn`sna Dfrcstci` aictf di` fogp tn gcect tfo to`ho`dy tn hndotcse nr spcrctuigczitcn`c` tfo eic`stroie dfurdf nr nutscho ct.8; Xfus JowcsfDfrcstci` tfongnky cs idrctcdig dnrrodtcvo tn i` igg tnn roento dfrcstngnky oxpnsoh tn tfo hi`kor nahndotcse86 i`h spcrctuigczitcn`.

Anr eo' tfo oxtrinrhcìrcgy oxdctc`k quostcn` cs wfotfor tfo Yuri`' wfcdfn` tfo wfngo gcmowcso rojodts i hndotcse c` dfrcstngnky'sfnws JowcsfDfrcstci`cùo`dos. Iator tfo rst figa na tfo atf do tury' tfo tridos na JowcsfDfrcstci`cty kot c`droisc`kgy gnst i`h sy`drotcstcd to`ho`dcos lodneo strn`kor'sn tfo fcstnrcdig quostcn` ircsos: wfit lodieo na tfo JowcsfDfrcstci` krnups>@octfor Juhicse `nr tfo eic`stroie dfurdf di` fivo ilsnrloh tfoe dne%pgotogy. Rorfips i gnnm it Irilci wcgg fogp.

Jowcsf Dfrcstci`cty n` tfo Irilci` po`c`sugi>

Ac`hc`k spodcd tridos na Jowcsf Dfrcstci`cty ien`k Irilcis eijnr ockflnurscs cepnrti`t anr tfo quostcn` na tfo pnssclgo cùo`do na Jowcsf Dfrcstci`cty n`tfo Irilci` po`c`sugi. Dfrcstci`cty dieo tn Irilci arne Tyrci &is fis igroihyloo` eo`tcnòh#' Criq i`h ìggy igsn arne Otfcnpci:

C` Otfcnpci &Irilcis òckflnur idrnss tfo \oh Toi' wctf wfcdf tforo fihigwiys loo` ùeornus dneeordcig i`h dugturig rogitcn`s# Dfrcstci`cty wisEn`npfyscto: Dfrcstci`s logcovoh n`gy c tfo nò' hcvcò'pfyscsnr ìturo c`

Dfrcst. Fnwovor' ien`k tfcs Toectcd ponpgo i` oirgcor JowcsfDfrcstci` piri%hcke sooes tn fivo oxcstoh loòitf tfo nadcig En`npfyscto Foggo`cstcdDfrcstci`cty. C nlsorvoh tfcs n` i vcsct tn Ihhcs Ilili it tfo aoist na tfo Opcpfi`y:tforo wis voòritcn` na tfo Ensicd irm na tfo dnvoì`t &tilnt#' i Toectcd


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gcturkcdig gi`kuiko &kooz#' i`h prcosts wfn si`k tfo psiges i`h hi`doh tn tfoiddnepi ceo`t na hrues i`h truepots. Ign`kscho liptcse tfoy nlsorvo dcr%duedcscn ' i`h ign`kscho Tu`hiy tfo Tillitf. Xfoy fivo spodcig rokugitcn s

ilnut aistc`k i`h annh: pnrm cs prnfclctoh.83

Ct sooeoh tn eo tfit u`hor tfo pro%dcnus Foggo`cstcd lrndihoh kireo`ts'oelrnchoroh wctf scgvor' porfips tforo wisi scepgo Jowcsf%Dfrcstci` gcò` dgntf.

C` Tnutf C`hci tforo cs i` otf cdiggy hcstc`dt krnup na irnu`h sovo`ty tfnu%si`h ponpgo' tfo Xommuelikie Dfrcstci`s nr Tnutfcsts. Iddnrhc`k tn tfocrgndig trihctcn` sovo`ty%twn Dfrcstci` aiecgcos woro goh tn Morigi arne Tyrci nrEosnpntieci ly nò Xfneis na Diì &Diìi`># c` tfo yoir 48?. Xfoso woroJowcsf Dfrcstci`s wfn logcovoh c` Josus is tfo eosscif anr tfo Jows' wforois tfo

Dfrcstci`s igroihy gcvc`k c` Morigi woro hcsdcpgos na tfo ipnstgo Riug.?2

N` tfontfor fi`h' tforo cs i trihctcn` c` Ousolcuss Dfurdf Fcstnry?9 tfit tfo ipnstgoLirtfngneow &loyn`h hnult i Jowcsf Dfrcstci`# fcesoga prndgiceoh tfoDfrcstci` eossiko c` C`hci i`h goat anr tfo Dfrcstci`s tforo tfo Knspog naEittfow c` Folrow &wfcdf cs nw dnepgotogy gnst#.Xfcs trihctcn` wis ntoh lytfo Igoxi`hrci` pfcgnsnpfor Ri`tioùs' wfn wo`t tn C`hci is i Dfrcstci` ecs%scnìry i`h suddossnr tn tfo ipnstgo. Xforoanro sneo sdfngirs dn`jodturo tfittforo woro pnssclgy `nt n`gy c`to`scvo triho rogitcn`s lut igsn ecsscnìry rogi%tcn`s lotwoo` tfo Dfrcstci`s c` snutfor` Irilci i`h tfnso nvorsoisc` TnutfC`hci.

Tnutfor` Lilygn`ci &Criq# wis tfo sdoò na idtcvcty na tfo aienus RorsciÈi`c &Kroom Eiòs' Ei`cdficns'

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Ca wo di` trust tfo rosoirdf' tfo JowcsfDfrcstci` dneeu`ctcos wctf tfocrtfongnkyhospcto igg tfo vcgcditcn`' sy`drotcse i`h oxtorecìtcnèustfivo hovognpoh i` cùo`do wfcdf wis tn lo na fcstnrcd cepnrti`do c` Irilci

c` pirtcdugir' tfrnukf tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih. _`horkrnu`h gc`ms lotwoo`Jowcsf Dfrcstci`cty i`h tfo eossiko na tfo Yuri` fivo gn`k loo` hcsdussoh lyDfrcstci` sdfngirs.?8 C` 93

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JowcsfDfrcstci` wrctc`ks c` Irilcd di` firhgy lo hcsputoh i`y gn`kor. @ntn`gy woro tfo Clihci`s19 na Fcri i`h I`lir i`h sneo pnotcd porsnìgctcosigroihy eo`tcnòh ly ìeo ly Jugcus [oggfiuso`'1< lut is tfo Lorgc` oxport c`

rogckcnus stuhcos' Dirsto` Dngpo' c`hcditos c` sueeiry anre'14

suadco`t roaor%o`dos fivo loo` anu`h tn gcturkcdig lnnms anr i` Irilcd Dfrcstci` gcturky tnc`hcdito tfo proso`do na Dfrcstci` dneeu`ctcos n` tfo Irilci` po`c`sugi= ovc%ho`tgy tforo woro Irilcd tri`sgitcn`s na tfo Rsigtor i`h tfo Knspogs.

C` ihhctcn ' Dngpo eiho i surprcsc`k hcsdnvory: tfo aienus Yuri`cd hosckì%tcn` na tfo Rrnpfot Eufieeih is soig na tfo prnpfots18 igroihy nddurs c` nò natfo oirgcost wrctc`ks na tfo oirgcost Gitc` dfurdf aitfors' c` Xortuggci s Ihvorsus

Juhions&loanro 1;[o m`nw arne tfo Yuri` wfn tfo provcnus prnpfotsiro:wctf tfo oxdoptcn` na Jnìf &Suùs# tfoy iro nt Csriogs ec`nrprnpfots &anroxiepgo' Iens i`h Fnsoi# nr kroit wrctc`k prnpfots &sudf is Csicif i`hJoroecif#. \itfor' tfoy iro lclgcdig kuros na wfne Eufieeih wctf fcs c`torostc` rogckcn` eiy pnssclgy fivo foirh n` fcs trivogs nr c` ntfor dn`tidts wctfDfrcstci`s: Ihie &Ihie# i`h @nif &@uf#' tfo pitrcirdfs Ilrifie &Clrifce#'Csiid &Csfiq# i`h Jidnl &Siqul#' Jnsopf &Susua#' Ensos &Eusi# i`h Iirn`&Firu`#' Ogcjif &Cgyis# i`h tfo mc`ks Hivch &Hiwuh# i`h Tngnen` &Tugiyei`#'Ozri &_ziyr# i`h na dnurso Josus &Csi#.

Tneo ntfor tridos di` lo anu`h. Dngpo anggnws nò na tfoe fcesoga' wfo` lyeoi`s na i toxt arne tfo Lyzi`tcò Tnzneo s Dfurdf Fcstnry&wrctto` lotwoo`843 i`h 8?2# fo hosdrclos Jowcsf Dfrcstci`s wfn pordocvoh tfocr gokctceidy c`loc`k hosdo`hi`ts na Csfeiog i`h fcs entfor &Fikir#' tfit cs' is Csfeiogctos nrFikiroòs:C` tfcs wiy i` nrco`tig JowcsfDfrcstci` dnàosscn oeorkoh wfcdfcs nghor tfi` @ostnrci`s i`h Jidnlctos' i`h wfcdf gitor dn`tcùoh ign`kscho tfogittor' prohnecì`tgy ien`k Irils. C` typo tfoy dnugh fivo loo` Jows arnewfne Eufieeih rodocvoh fcs Jowcsf trihctcn`sJows wctf echrisfce lutwctfnut Xigeuhs' it tfo sieo tceo Dfrcstci`s wfn wnrsfcppoh Josus i`h Eirylut fih n Hynpfyscto nr En`npfyscto dfrcstngnky.Xfoy di` fivo loo` tfo vofc%dgos na tfo lclgcdig i`h lclgcdigc`torprotitcvo trihctcn`s na tfo mc`h tfit di` loanu`h c` tfo Yuri`.16

Xfo Jowcsf sdfngir T. Rcòs &tfnukf drctcdczoh ly fcs aoggnw%Jow T.E. Ttor`#anu`h i sodn`h c`hcditnr c` i` Irilcd eiùsdrcpt na Ilh ig%Jillir' wfnwnrmoh c` \icy &Cri`# lotwoo` tfo to`tf i`h ogovo`tf do`turcos &nr na i` oirgcor

Eusgce sdfngir#' c`tn wfcdf i JowcsfDfrcstci` toxt' prnlilgy arne tfoatfscxtf do`tur

islam hk

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