islam s2 pre islamic arabia 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Islam and Pre-Islamic Arabia
Dr. Robert PattonMissionary to Suriname,
South America
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Arabian Peninsula About 1/3 of the size of the USA Mostly desert now, though at one time it
must have had much vegetation as huge oil reserves are present
Some mountains Minimal rainfall
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian desert and mountains
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Arabian desert
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Population Settled area of Hijaz and South
Arabia with small towns, and a few larger ones
The rest is Bedouin – “pirates of the desert”
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Bedouin
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Bedouin in desert
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Life on the desert Harsh climate with sun, wind, sand Little vegetation Competition for water - oasis
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Oasis in the desert
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Survival – from your tribe Virtually impossible to survive without
your tribe Tribal loyalty very strong – stick
together; protect even in the wrong Blood repayments when warring
occurred
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Heroes of the tribe Younger men – strong, capable of
fighting, often a sort of dangerous sport Skill in archery, sword, lance, riding
horses or camels Protectors of women, children and older
men
13
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Payment for fighting Warriors highly esteemed Paid in booty from raids on caravans –
money and women
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Arabian stallion
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Battles - Badr
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Clothing and privacy Close-knit society. Privacy for women – in the tent, or
heavily clothed Full clothing protected against sun and
sandstorms, etc.
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Tribes in Arabia Makkah (Mecca) – Quraysh –
considered themselves superior to Bedouin, but the nomads considered them a nation of shopkeepers
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Tribes in Arabia Yathrib (Medina – 5 tribes)
Arabian – Aus & Khazraj Jewish – Naheer, Quynuquaa,
Qurayza
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Yathrib (Medina) Arabs were farmers Jews were businessmen &
farmers This area – most important in
Arabia, called Hijaz
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Yathrib
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Economics
Jewish were best off – had the best lands of the Hijaz, and were the best farmers
Good businessmen and had control of armament industry
Slavery common – both male and female
Class power – from businessmen who often asked 100% usury
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Mecca
About 50 miles inland, elevatedTwo trade routes cross at this oasisHad a deep well – zemzem or zamzam
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Mecca
Site of the Kaa’ba – a square temple containing the black stone, probably a meteorite
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Mecca Most individuals were invested in
the caravans and trade with Egypt, Syria, Persia
Success – much skil l , experience & abil ity needed
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Mecca overview
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Quraysh tr ibe Dominant tr ibe in Mecca Many merchants and wealthy
businessmen This was Muhammad’s tribe
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Quraysh tr ibe Had many contacts with other
areas because of caravans- Persia, Ethiopia
Tribe also controlled fair at Ukaz to extend its influence
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Religion prior to Islam Sabianism – worship of heavenly
bodies Moon was male deity Lunar calendar Fasting with the crescent moon
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Religion prior to Islam “Allah” was generic for “god,” but
in the Quraysh tribe, focused on the moon god, represented by the black stone at the Kaa’ba
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Kaa’ba Location - Mecca Tradition – rebuilt by Abraham &
Ishmael Arabian tribes came there for
religious pilgrimages, and to offer sacrif ices
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The Ka’aba (cube)
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Kaa’ba Each tribe had its own idols – usually
stones which they used as altars 360 stones in the Kaa’ba Much revenue from tribes coming to
visit
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The Ka’aba
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Travel to the Ka’aba One month was sacred so that
pilgrims could go to the Ka’aba They would go around it seven
times and touch the sacred stone
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Daughters of Allah Three idols considered the “daughters
of Allah” and worshipped by the Quraysh tribe – opposed by Muhammad.
For a brief t ime, he weakened to worship them – “Satanic verses…” We will study further…
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Religion prior to Islam –groups other than animists
Atheists – pure materialists believing the world was eternal
Zindiqs – influenced by Zoroastrianism with two opposing gods of good and evil f ighting
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Religion prior to Islam Jews = especially in Yathrib,
Khayber, Fadak, & Umm-ul-Qura Christians – in Najran. They
would not be considered orthodox Christians. They tended to deny the deity of Christ, and some elevated Mary
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Religion prior to Islam Monophysites – believed that
Jesus’ human nature was absorbed into his divine nature
Nestorians denied the unity of Jesus’ divine
personhood Mary as the Mother of God
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Religion prior to Islam Monotheists – no idol worship,
fol lowed prophet Abraham. Banu Hashim clan, the clan of Muhammad Ali ibn Abi Talib
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Education Very few were l i terate – mostly Jews &
Christians Great pride in the Arabian tongue with
eloquence and poetry.. They believed that they could attack others using poetry, rich in imagery but some say l imited in scope and profundity.
Some were in the Kaa’ba – 7 suspended poems