ISLAMISLAM

WHAT DO YOU KNOW?WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

ISLAMISLAM RECALL THE RECALL THE

RELIGIONS RELIGIONS DISCUSSED.DISCUSSED.

RELIGIONS OR BELIEF RELIGIONS OR BELIEF SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

HINDUISMHINDUISM JUDAISMJUDAISM ZOROASTRIANISMZOROASTRIANISM BUDDHISMBUDDHISM

CONFUCIANISMCONFUCIANISM DAOISMDAOISM LEGALISMLEGALISM JAINISMJAINISM CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY 1 RCC1 RCC 2 EOC2 EOC 3 MYRIAD (MANY) 3 MYRIAD (MANY)

PROTESTANT PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS DENOMINATIONS (GROUPS)(GROUPS)

ISLAMISLAM

ISLAMISLAM SSWH5 The student will trace the origins

and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.

Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.

Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.

Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.

Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).

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Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe.

Analyze the impact of the expansion of the Mongol Empire; include the stabilization of trading networks from China to the Mediterranean world.

Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

ISLAMISLAM

11monotheisticmonotheistic and and AbrahamicAbrahamic religionreligion

22Qur'anQur'an (KORAN), a (KORAN), a texttext considered considered by its adherents to be the by its adherents to be the verbatimverbatim word of word of GodGod, , AllāhAllāh))

3the teachings and example of 3the teachings and example of MuhammadMuhammad, the last , the last prophet of Godprophet of God and founder of religionand founder of religion

4adherent of Islam is called a 4adherent of Islam is called a MuslimMuslim

The majority of Muslims are The majority of Muslims are SunniSunni, being 75–90% of all , being 75–90% of all MuslimsMuslims

second largest sect, second largest sect, ShiaShia, makes up 10–20%, makes up 10–20% WHAT ARE MOST POPULATED MUSLIM MAJORITY NATIONS?WHAT ARE MOST POPULATED MUSLIM MAJORITY NATIONS? IndonesiaIndonesia home to 12.7% home to 12.7% PakistanPakistan (11.0%) (11.0%) BangladeshBangladesh EgyptEgypt (4.9%) (4.9%) Sizable minorities are also found in Sizable minorities are also found in IndiaIndia, , ChinaChina, , RussiaRussia, and , and

parts of parts of EuropeEurope 1.6 to 1.7 billion followers or 22 to 24% of 1.6 to 1.7 billion followers or 22 to 24% of

earth's populationearth's population second-largestsecond-largest and one of the and one of the

fastest-growing religions in the worldfastest-growing religions in the world SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH, MEANINGSUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF ALLAH, MEANING

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAMFIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM WHAT ARE THE FIVE PILLARS?WHAT ARE THE FIVE PILLARS? (1) the (1) the shahadahshahadah (creed) THERE IS ONE GOD, (creed) THERE IS ONE GOD,

ALLAH, AND MUHAMMED IS HIS PROPHETALLAH, AND MUHAMMED IS HIS PROPHET (2) daily prayers ((2) daily prayers (salatsalat) PRAY 5 TIMES DAILY, ) PRAY 5 TIMES DAILY,

FACING HOLY CITY OF MECCAFACING HOLY CITY OF MECCA (3) almsgiving ((3) almsgiving (zakahzakah)) (4) fasting during (4) fasting during RamadanRamadan, HOLY MONTH, HOLY MONTH (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca ((5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajjhajj) at least once in ) at least once in

a lifetimea lifetime The The ShiaShia and and SunniSunni sects both agree on the sects both agree on the

essential details for the performance of these essential details for the performance of these acts. acts.

The The KaabaKaaba, in , in MeccaMecca, , Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia, is , is the the center of Islamcenter of Islam. . MuslimsMuslims from all from all over the world gather there to over the world gather there to praypray in in unityunity. .

ORIGINSORIGINS FOUNDER: MUHAMMEDFOUNDER: MUHAMMED 570-632570-632 trader later becoming a religious, political, and military leadertrader later becoming a religious, political, and military leader Muslims do not view Muhammad as the creator of Islam, but Muslims do not view Muhammad as the creator of Islam, but

instead regard him as the last messenger of God, through which instead regard him as the last messenger of God, through which the the Qur'anQur'an was revealed was revealed

Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophetsand other prophets

In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of prophetsprophets

During the last 22 years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 During the last 22 years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CECE, , according to the earliest surviving biographies, Muhammad according to the earliest surviving biographies, Muhammad reported revelations that he believed to be from Godreported revelations that he believed to be from God

The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his memorized and recorded by his companionscompanions

During this time, Muhammad preached to the people of Mecca, During this time, Muhammad preached to the people of Mecca, imploring them to abandon polytheism imploring them to abandon polytheism

Al-Al-MasjidMasjid al- al-NabawiNabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) (the Mosque of the Prophet) MedinaMedina, ,

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia 2nd most sacred 2nd most sacred MosqueMosque in Islam, in Islam,

ISLAM SPREAD ALONG ROUTES OF ISLAM SPREAD ALONG ROUTES OF TRADE AND CONQUEST TO INDIA, TRADE AND CONQUEST TO INDIA, CHINA, PARTS OF EUROPE AND CHINA, PARTS OF EUROPE AND AFRICAAFRICA

SUNNI MUSLIMS BELIEVE that the SUNNI MUSLIMS BELIEVE that the first four caliphs (LEADERS) were the first four caliphs (LEADERS) were the rightful successors to Muhammadrightful successors to Muhammad

God (ALLAH) did not specify any God (ALLAH) did not specify any particular leaders to succeed him, particular leaders to succeed him, those leaders had to be electedthose leaders had to be elected

Sunnis believe that a caliph should Sunnis believe that a caliph should be chosen by the whole community be chosen by the whole community

SHIA MUSLIMS BELIEVE that Muhammad did not SHIA MUSLIMS BELIEVE that Muhammad did not appoint a successorappoint a successor

the prophet appointed his son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi the prophet appointed his son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, as his successorTalib, as his successor

Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first Ali ibn Abi Talib was the first ImamImam (leader), (leader), rejecting the legitimacy of the previous Muslim rejecting the legitimacy of the previous Muslim caliphs since they were not appointed by the caliphs since they were not appointed by the prophetprophet

Shias believe that the political and religious Shias believe that the political and religious leadership of Imams come from the direct leadership of Imams come from the direct descendants of Muhammad and Alidescendants of Muhammad and Ali

To most Shias, an Imam rules by right of divine To most Shias, an Imam rules by right of divine appointment and holds "absolute spiritual appointment and holds "absolute spiritual authority" among Muslims, having final say in authority" among Muslims, having final say in matters of doctrine and revelation matters of doctrine and revelation

FAMOUS MUSLIMSFAMOUS MUSLIMS

IBN SINAIBN SINA IBN BATTUTAIBN BATTUTA