islam. who is muhammad and what do he represent in islam? last and greatest of the prophets
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Explain the Muslim class system.
Muslims at birth
Converts to Islam
Protected religions (Christians and Jews)
Slaves
What were the beliefs of the Sunni?
Believe that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna, or Muhammed’s example
What is the House of Wisdom?
Combination library, academy and translation center. Translated all types of documents from different countries.
Define calligraphy and how it was used in Muslim society.
Art of beautiful handwriting
Muslims believed that only Allah can create life so images of living beings were discouraged.
Why was astronomy so important to the Muslim way of life?
To create a correct lunar calendar from Ramadan
To determine which way as Mecca
How were people of different religions treated in the Muslim empire?
Qur’an forbids forced conversion
They were charged a tax each year in exchange for military exemption
Describe movable type.
Each letter was carved into a wooden block. These blocks could be rearranged and reused multiple times.
List the inventions of the Tang and Song dynasties.
Porcelain
Mechanical clock
Explosive Powder
Paper Money
Magnetic Compass
Movable Type
Explain the purpose of the civil service examinations.
To create intelligent and capable governing class.
How were the Japanese and Chinese cultures connected?
Used Chinese system of gov’t, writing, art, cooking, gardening, hairstyling.
Adapted Chinese ways to suit their own needs.
Describe feudalism in Japan.
Rich landowners protected small landowners in exchange for land.
Each lord surrounded himself with a a bodyguard of loyal warriors -- samurai
Define samurai and Bushido.
Bodyguard of loyal warriors who protected rich landowners.
Bushido is the demanding code of behavior that emphasized honor, bravery, and loyalty.
Describe feudalism in Europe.
SOCIAL - based on rights and obligations.
A wealthy landowner would protect and provide other services to peasants.
Knights protected landowners.
Define lord, fief, and vassal and explain how they are related.
Lord = wealthy landowner
Fief = loaned piece of land
Vassal = person receiving the land
Lord gave land (fief) to a vassal (peasant) in exchange for protection.
Describe the manor system.
ECONOMIC arrangement
Lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland, and protection.
Serfs tends the lords’ land, animals, and home.
What is chivalry? Complex set of ideals that a knight must follow
The ideal knight was loyal, brave, and courteous
What was the purpose of a guild?
Organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improved economic and social conditions of its members.
Set standards for quality of work
Wages
Working conditions
How did Europeans study ancient Greek work?
Visiting Muslim libraries and translated Arabic documents into Latin.
What was the goal of the crusades?
Economic, social, political, and religious goals.
To recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims.
What were the effects of the crusades?
Expanded trade
Decreased the power of the pope
Weakened feudal nobility
Increased the power of kings
Increase of religious interlace and prejudice for Muslims.