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400

600

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1.00

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1960

1970

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0

Million

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1561

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For

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Wor

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m O

rgan

izat

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•UN

Spe

cial

ized

Age

ncy

in th

e fie

ld o

f tou

rism

•He

adqu

arte

rs in

Mad

rid, S

pain

•In

terg

over

nmen

tal o

rgan

izat

ion

with

150

M

embe

r Sta

tes

and

Terr

itorie

s•

350

Affil

iate

Mem

bers

: priv

ate

sect

or (t

ouris

m

trade

ass

ocia

tions

, maj

or a

irlin

es, h

otel

s, to

ur

oper

ator

s), l

ocal

aut

horit

ies,

edu

catio

n an

d re

sear

ch in

stitu

tions

, NG

Os

6

Wor

ld T

ouris

m O

rgan

izat

ion

7

Reg

ion

al

Rep

rese

nta

tio

n

Sect

ion

s:

•Afr

ica

•Euro

pe

•Am

eric

as

•Mid

dle

Eas

t

•Asi

a-Pa

cific

Pro

gra

m A

ctiv

ity S

ect

ion

s:

•Tourism

Sta

tist

ics

•Mar

ket

Inte

lligen

ce a

nd

Prom

otion

•Hum

an R

esou

rces

D

evel

opm

ent

•Su

stain

ab

le D

evelo

pm

en

t o

f To

uri

sm

•Qual

ity

of

Tourism

D

evel

opm

ent

•Pre

ss a

nd C

om

munic

atio

n,

Docu

men

tation,

Public

atio

ns

Aff

ilia

te M

em

bers

:Busi

nes

s Cou

nci

lEduca

tion C

ounci

lD

estinat

ion

Man

agem

ent

Progra

mm

e

Tren

ds in

th

e Su

stai

nab

le D

evel

opm

ent

of

Tou

rism

•R

io E

art

h S

um

mit

, 1

99

2

•A

gen

da 2

1 f

or

the T

ravel

an

d T

ou

rism

S

ect

or,

19

95

Lo

cal

A2

1

•U

N C

SD

-7,

19

99

•In

tern

ati

on

al

Year

of

Eco

tou

rism

, 2

00

2

•W

orl

d S

um

mit

on

Su

stain

ab

le

Develo

pm

en

t (W

SS

D),

20

02

Age

nda

21 f

or t

he T

rave

l and

Tou

rism

Sec

tor

Res

pons

ibili

ties

of

trav

el a

nd t

ouri

sm c

ompa

nies

(exa

mpl

es):

Was

te, m

inim

izat

ion,

reu

se a

nd r

ecyc

ling

Ene

rgy

effi

cien

cy, c

onse

rvat

ion

and

man

agem

ent

Tra

nspo

rt

Lan

d-us

e pl

anni

ng a

nd m

anag

emen

t,

Des

ign

for

sust

aina

bilit

y

Edu

cati

on a

nd in

volv

emen

t of

sta

ff, c

usto

mer

s, a

nd

com

mun

itie

s in

env

iron

men

tal i

ssue

s

Par

tner

ship

for

sus

tain

able

dev

elop

men

t

WS

SD

Po

licy

Rep

ort

on

Su

stai

nab

le T

ou

rism

:

Incr

ease

d a

war

enes

s o

n s

ust

ain

abili

ty c

on

cern

s,

esp

ecia

lly in

th

e p

ub

lic s

ecto

r

Am

ple

ava

ilab

ility

of

tech

nic

al, a

nd

tec

hn

olo

gic

al

solu

tio

ns

for

tou

rism

man

agem

ent

to p

reve

nt

and

re

du

ce n

egat

ive

imp

acts

of

tou

rism

an

d m

axim

ize

its

ben

efit

s

Slo

wan

dp

arti

alap

plic

atio

n

Th

em

ain

chal

len

ge:

Imp

lem

ent

the

star

teg

ies

and

pla

ns

in p

ract

ice

Ap

ply

adva

nce

nd

tech

niq

ues

and

tech

no

log

ies

4 sp

ecif

ic W

TO

wor

k ar

eas

rela

ted

to

envi

ronm

enta

l iss

ues

in to

uris

m tr

ansp

orta

tion

1.C

onge

stio

n m

anag

emen

t 2.

Vol

unta

ry in

itiat

ives

and

sus

tain

abili

ty

cert

ific

atio

n of

tour

ism

act

iviti

es3.

Indi

cato

rs o

f su

stai

nabl

e to

uris

m4.

Clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd to

uris

m

Han

db

oo

ko

nT

ou

rism

Co

ng

esti

on

Man

agem

ent

atN

atu

ral a

nd

Cu

ltu

ral S

ites

WT

O, 2

004

Vol

unta

ry in

itiat

ives

and

sus

tain

abili

ty

cert

ific

atio

n of

tour

ism

act

iviti

es•

WT

O a

ctiv

e si

nce

CSD

-7 in

199

9•

Wor

ldw

ide

anal

ysis

of

104

ecol

abel

s, a

war

ds a

nd

EM

S (2

002)

–(c

ruis

e, a

irpo

rts,

des

tinat

ions

, e.g

. GA

ST –

Ass

ocia

tion

of c

are-

free

tour

ism

des

tinat

ions

, Sw

itzer

land

)

•R

ecom

men

datio

ns f

or G

over

nmen

ts•

Reg

iona

l con

fere

nces

in A

mer

icas

, Asi

a, E

urop

e•

Eur

opea

n re

gion

al c

onfe

renc

e: O

ctob

er 2

004,

C

zech

rep

ublic

:N

eed

to w

ork

sim

ulta

neou

sly

with

bu

sine

sses

and

des

tinat

ions

, co

llabo

rate

bet

wee

n pu

blic

, pri

vate

, NG

O s

ecto

rs

Import

ance

of

tran

sport

iss

ues

in

cert

ific

atio

n o

f busi

nes

ses

and d

estinat

ions

Su

stain

ab

ilit

y i

nd

icato

rsfo

r to

uri

sm

To iden

tify

and m

easu

re t

he

entire

ran

ge

of

impac

ts (

envi

ronm

enta

l an

d s

oci

o-e

conom

ic)

that

tourism

can

hav

e in

a p

articu

lar

area

or

soci

ety.

Acc

ura

te info

rmat

ion

is n

eeded

for

resp

onsi

ble

dec

isio

n-m

akin

g

Su

stain

ab

ilit

y i

nd

icato

rs a

re i

nfo

rmati

on

se

ts w

hic

h a

re f

orm

all

y s

ele

cted

fo

r a

reg

ula

r u

se t

o m

easu

re c

han

ges

in k

ey

ass

ets

an

d i

ssu

es

of

tou

rism

dest

inati

on

s.

New

WT

O G

uide

on

Indi

cato

rs

•E

xten

sive

rev

iew

of

inte

rnat

iona

l exp

erie

nces

•In

volv

emen

t of

62

expe

rts

from

20

coun

trie

s•

Foc

us o

n lo

cal d

esti

nati

ons,

als

o co

veri

ng

appl

icat

ions

at

regi

onal

and

nat

iona

l lev

els

•T

he r

ole

of in

dica

tors

in

tour

ism

pol

icy

and

plan

ning

; •

A r

ecom

men

ded

proc

edur

e fo

r in

dica

tors

dev

elop

men

t •

A c

ateg

oriz

ed li

st o

f co

mm

on

issu

es a

nd in

dica

tors

•

Des

tina

tion

-spe

cifi

c ap

plic

atio

ns•

Am

ple

rang

e of

cas

e st

udie

s

Sect

ions

on

tran

spor

tatio

n is

sues

in th

e W

TO

Gui

de

•T

ouri

sm-r

elat

ed t

rans

port

to/

from

and

wit

hin

dest

inat

ion

•A

ir t

rans

port

•A

ir p

ollu

tion

•N

oise

•H

ealt

h•

Con

trol

ling

use

inte

nsit

y•

Ene

rgy

•C

limat

e ch

ange

•D

esti

nati

on s

ecti

ons

(e.g

. Urb

an D

esti

nati

ons)

•C

ase

stud

ies

(e.g

. EE

A in

dica

tors

)

Ind

icat

ors

on

Tra

nsp

ort

to

/ fr

om

des

tin

atio

n

•Num

ber

of tr

ansp

ort a

ccid

ents

and

fata

litie

s (la

nd, a

ir an

d m

ariti

me)

du

ring

peak

hol

yday

per

iods

to lo

wes

t per

iods

•Tre

nds

in th

e nu

mbe

r of

day

s pe

r ye

ar o

n w

hich

fixe

d ai

r po

llutio

n th

resh

olds

are

rea

ched

. •I

mpa

ct o

n lo

cal h

ealth

(se

e H

ealth

)•L

evel

of f

acili

tatio

n of

info

rmat

ion

and

serv

ices

(S

ee S

ecur

ity)

Saf

ety

•Rat

io o

f pub

lic p

asse

nger

tran

spor

t ver

sus

priv

ate

tran

spor

t spe

ed to

re

ach

dest

inat

ion

in p

eak

holid

ay p

erio

ds to

low

est p

erio

ds (

per

mod

es o

f tr

ansp

ort p

er m

ain

mar

kets

)•R

atio

of t

rave

l exp

ense

s by

pub

lic v

ersu

s pr

ivat

e tr

ansp

ort t

o re

ach

dest

inat

ion.

•Lev

el o

f air

and

grou

nd e

mis

sion

for

pass

enge

r tr

ansp

ort d

urin

g pe

ak

holid

ay p

erio

ds to

low

est (

per

pass

enge

r-km

) •

Leve

l of n

oise

pol

lutio

n (s

ee N

oise

)

Jou

rney

tim

e an

d r

elia

bili

ty,

envi

ron

men

tal i

mp

acts

(a

ir, n

oise

and

wat

er p

ollu

tion

traf

fic

cong

estio

n an

d em

issi

on

•Fre

quen

cy, c

apac

ity o

f ser

vice

s an

d us

e le

vels

(la

nd, s

ea a

nd a

ir tr

ansp

ort)

. •D

ensi

ty o

f roa

ds (

high

way

s / m

otor

way

s, r

oads

) (r

oute

km

spe

r km

²)•D

ensi

ty o

f pub

lic tr

ansp

ort (

rout

e km

spe

r km

²)•A

nnua

l lev

els

of in

vest

men

t in

publ

ic tr

ansp

ort c

ompa

red

with

roa

d in

fras

truc

ture

•Tim

e of

trav

el b

y pa

ssen

ger

to d

estin

atio

n (h

ours

). N

umbe

r of

mod

es

requ

ired.

Acc

ess

to th

e ho

liday

des

tinat

ion

(Ava

ilabi

lity

/ enh

ance

men

t of r

oad

netw

ork,

rai

lway

’s, p

ort,

and

airp

ort

infr

astr

uctu

res,

pub

lic tr

ansp

ort.)

•►T

ou

rist

nu

mb

ers

visi

tin

g s

ite

(incl

udin

g on

e-da

y vi

sits

) •►

Sea

son

alit

yof

tour

ism

and

leng

th o

f sta

y•T

otal

of k

m tr

avel

ed p

er to

uris

t per

trip

•Mod

es o

f tra

nspo

rt u

sed

by to

uris

ts to

rea

ch d

estin

atio

n (a

irpla

ne, c

ar,

coac

h, r

ail,

bicy

cle,

wal

king

, oth

er)

Mo

bili

ty p

atte

rns

Ind

icat

ors

C

om

po

nen

ts o

f th

e Is

sue

Tra

nsp

ort

atio

n w

ith

in t

he

des

tin

atio

n

% o

f ac

com

mo

dat

ion

s, t

ou

rism

fac

iliti

es a

nd

oth

er t

ou

rist

at

trac

tio

ns

acce

ssib

le b

y p

ub

lic t

ran

spo

rt (

less

th

an 1

0 m

inu

tes

wal

kin

g d

ista

nce

to

nea

rest

sta

tio

n/s

top

)E

xtra

mea

ns o

f tra

nspo

rt e

spec

ially

set

up

for

tour

ists

: typ

e of

tran

spor

t and

num

ber

of p

asse

nger

pla

ces

avai

labl

e du

ring

peak

tim

es

Acc

ess

to t

he

amen

itie

s w

ith

in t

he

ho

liday

d

esti

nat

ion

(Pub

lic tr

ansp

ort,

traf

fic m

anag

emen

t iss

ues.

D

evel

opm

ent o

f les

s en

viro

nmen

tal d

amag

ing

tran

spor

t sys

tem

for

tour

ism

tr

avel

)

Tou

rists

’and

vis

itors

’per

cept

ions

and

dem

ands

of l

ocal

or

regi

onal

tr

ansp

ort s

uppl

y an

d se

rvic

es (

by tr

ansp

ort m

ode)

Nu

mb

er o

f p

asse

ng

ers

tran

spo

rted

by

loca

l pu

blic

tra

nsp

ort

fo

r to

uri

sm /

leis

ure

pu

rpo

ses

(als

o c

om

par

ed t

o n

um

ber

of

tou

rist

s u

sin

g in

div

idu

al t

ran

spo

rt)

To

uri

sts’

dem

and

m

anag

emen

tre

gard

ing

mob

ility

with

in d

estin

atio

n

Imp

lem

enta

tio

n o

f an

inte

gra

ted

en

viro

nm

enta

lly s

ou

nd

tr

ansp

ort

pla

nn

ing

str

ateg

y (y

es /

no

)S

trat

egy

tran

slat

ed in

to a

n ac

tion

plan

(ye

s / n

o)N

um

ber

an

d e

xten

t o

f is

sues

co

vere

d b

y th

e ac

tio

n p

lan

(t

ran

spo

rt, t

ou

rism

, lan

d u

se a

nd

bio

div

ersi

ty, e

ner

gy,

wat

er,

was

te, s

oci

al is

sues

, eco

no

mic

issu

es, e

tc.)

Act

ion

take

n to

form

ulat

e in

terr

egio

nal t

rans

port

pla

ns(Y

/N)

Sp

atia

l an

d t

ran

spo

rt

pla

nn

ing

, man

agem

ent o

f to

uris

m r

elat

ed tr

ansp

ort

dem

and,

and

impr

ovem

ent o

f m

odal

spl

it.

Ind

icat

ors

C

om

po

nen

ts o

f th

e Is

sue

Leng

th o

f cyc

le a

nd w

alki

ng p

aths

, ava

ilabi

lity

of b

icyc

le r

enta

l ser

vice

sE

xten

t and

cap

acity

of p

ublic

tran

spor

t %

of t

rave

llers

usi

ng a

ltern

ativ

e tr

ansp

ort (

bicy

cles

, wal

king

, oth

er lo

w

ener

gy u

se o

ptio

nsLe

vel o

f sup

port

for

low

ene

rgy

alte

rnat

ives

to v

ehic

le tr

ansp

ort

% o

f the

tour

ism

rel

ated

veh

icle

flee

t mee

ting

spec

ified

air

and

nois

e em

issi

ons

stan

dard

s by

mod

e of

tran

spor

tE

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

n an

d em

issi

ons

per

pass

enge

rE

xist

ence

, cap

acity

of e

nviro

nmen

tal-f

riend

ly v

ehic

les

and

tran

spor

t m

odes

(e.

g. m

etro

, tra

ms,

ele

ctric

veh

icle

s, e

tc.)

Ava

ilabi

lity

and

% o

f res

erve

d pu

blic

tran

spor

t lan

es a

nd p

arki

ng s

pace

sE

xist

ing

mea

sure

s of

res

tric

ting

car

acce

ss o

r pa

rkin

g sp

aces

(ye

s / n

o)

Pro

mo

tio

n o

f en

viro

nm

enta

lly

frie

nd

ly t

ran

spo

rt m

od

esas

par

t of

the

holid

ay a

nd m

easu

res

to

give

pub

lic tr

ansp

ort p

riorit

y

Rat

io o

f ann

ual p

ublic

exp

endi

ture

on

info

rmat

ion

serv

ices

for

publ

ic

tran

spor

t use

rs to

spe

cific

info

rmat

ion

serv

ices

for

holid

aym

aker

s, v

isito

rs

and

tour

ists

Exi

sten

ce o

f pub

lic tr

ansp

ort s

ervi

ce in

form

atio

n on

the

Inte

rnet

or

mob

ility

cen

tres

(ye

s / n

o)U

se o

f ele

ctro

nic

book

ing

for

publ

ic tr

ansp

ort (

yes

/ no)

Num

ber

of d

oor-

to-d

oor

serv

ices

for

visi

tors

and

tour

ists

Tra

nsp

ort

atio

n in

form

atio

nC

lear

, acc

essi

ble,

rel

iabl

e in

form

atio

n ab

out s

ervi

ces/

tim

etab

les/

tick

etin

g be

fore

and

du

ring

the

stay

Doo

r –t

o-do

or s

ervi

ces

Exi

sten

ce o

f mul

ti-m

odal

pla

tform

s (y

es /

no)

Exi

sten

ce o

f int

egra

ted

publ

ic tr

ansp

ort s

ervi

ces

(yes

/ no

)E

xist

ence

of i

nteg

rate

d pu

blic

tran

spor

t far

es (

yes

/ no)

Pro

visi

on o

f par

k-an

d-rid

e an

d bi

ke-a

nd-r

ide

faci

litie

s: n

umbe

r of

par

king

sp

aces

(pu

blic

and

priv

ate)

for

cars

or

bicy

cles

at p

ublic

tran

spor

t st

ops/

stat

ions

ser

ving

tour

ist a

men

ities

Inte

rmo

dal

ity

/ In

teg

rati

on

of

serv

ices

Link

s be

twee

n lo

ng-h

aul a

nd

loca

l tra

nspo

rt n

etw

orks

Sea

mle

ss jo

urne

y fo

r th

e to

uris

tsU

se o

f new

tech

nolo

gies

to

max

imis

eco

-ord

inat

ion

betw

een

tran

spor

t mod

esIn

tegr

atio

n of

pub

lic tr

ansp

ort

serv

ices

/fare

s

Tra

nsp

ort

atio

n w

ith

in t

he

des

tin

atio

n (

con

t.)

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

and

Tou

rism

•F

irst

Int

erna

tion

al C

onfe

renc

e on

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

and

Tou

rism

, A

pril

2003

, Dje

rba,

T

unis

ia

•14

0 de

lega

tes

from

45

coun

trie

s•

Dje

rba

Dec

lara

tion

on C

limat

e C

hang

e an

d T

ouri

sm•

Tou

rism

and

clim

ate

chan

ge: t

wo-

way

s re

latio

nshi

p1.

Tou

rism

is im

pact

ed

need

for

ada

ptat

ion

2. T

ouri

sm c

ontr

ibut

es to

CC

ne

ed f

or m

itiga

tion

•C

lear

ingh

ouse

on

CC

und

er p

repa

ratio

n•

GE

F Pr

ojec

t pro

posa

l

Tou

rism

is a

con

trib

utor

to

the

caus

es o

f cl

imat

e ch

ange

“The

pol

lute

r pa

ys”

–m

ore

effo

rt n

eede

d to

en

viro

nmen

tally

sus

tain

able

tour

ism

Pollu

ting

effe

cts:

all

aspe

cts

of to

uris

m a

ctiv

ity, p

rim

ary

from

tran

spor

tatio

n se

rvic

es (

road

and

air

)R

oad

tran

spor

t:si

gnif

ican

t sou

rce

of G

HG

, res

pons

ibili

ty

of to

uris

m in

dust

ry to

min

imis

e ha

rmfu

l em

issi

ons

by

enco

urag

ing

sust

aina

ble,

car

bon-

neut

ral r

oad

tran

spor

t so

lutio

ns.

Air

tran

spor

t:cu

rren

tly le

ss G

HG

sth

an r

oad

tran

spor

t, bu

t ra

pidl

y ra

isin

g. M

easu

res:

env

. tec

hnol

ogy

(fue

l ef

fici

ency

), e

nv. t

axes

, car

bon

sequ

estr

atio

n

Con

trol

of

air

tran

spor

t for

em

issi

ons

can

affe

ct

dest

inat

ions

(es

p. d

evel

opin

g co

untr

ies)

, nee

d fo

r ca

refu

l an

alys

is o

f so

cioe

cono

mic

impa

cts

Rec

omm

enda

tions

Incl

ude

tran

spor

t in

gen

eral

tour

ism

pla

ns:

•Fore

seei

ng t

he

influen

ce o

f to

uri

sm s

easo

nal

ity

on t

ransp

ort

•Ince

ntive

for

touri

sts

to u

se loca

l public

tra

nsp

ort

in (

touri

sm)

cities

, in

stea

d o

f per

sonal

car

s

•Dev

elopm

ent

of

a ra

il net

work

able

to c

om

pet

e w

ith a

ir t

ransp

ort

for

short

and m

iddle

dis

tance

s (T

GV in F

rance

, AVE in S

pai

n)

•Rai

sing a

war

enes

s of

peo

ple

on t

he

conse

quen

ces

on t

hei

r tr

ips.

Busi

nes

s tr

ips

for

exam

ple

could

man

y tim

es b

e re

pla

ced b

y ca

ll or

web

-confe

rence

s.

•Enco

ura

gem

ent

of

the

furt

her

dev

elopm

ent

of

envi

ronm

enta

l vo

lunta

ry i

nitia

tive

s (e

cola

bel

s) i

n p

asse

nger

tra

nsp

ort

sec

tor

(tra

in,

buse

s, p

lanes

).

•Dev

elopm

ent

of

a se

t of

indic

ators

fo

r to

uri

sm

monitor

ing

the

impac

ts o

f tr

ansp

ort

Th

ank

you

ww

w.w

orl

d-t

ou

rism

.org

/su

stai

nab

le