ispm 6: guidelines for surveillance. surveillance definition: an official process which collects and...
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ISPM 6: Guidelines for Surveillance
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Surveillance
Definition:
An official process which collects and records data on pest occurrence or absence by survey, monitoring or other procedures
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Scope of Surveillance Standard
The standard describes components of survey and monitoring systems for use in:
• pest risk analyses
• establishment of pest free areas
• the preparation of pest list
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1. General Surveillance1.1 Use of information• to support declarations of pest freedom
• to aid early detection of new pests
• to report to other organisations (FAO, RPPO, other NPPOs)
• to compile host and commodity pest lists and distribution records
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1.1 Sources of information• NPPO or designated institution acting as national
repository for plant pest records
• Research institutions, universities, scientific bodies
• Producers, consultants
• Museums, general public,
• Scientific and trade journals
• Contemporary observations
• Regional and international sources
1. General Surveillance
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1. General Surveillance1.2 Collection, Storage and Retrieval
• NPPO or other institution designated as national repository for plant pest records
• A record keeping and retrieval system
• Data verification procedures
• Communication channels to transfer information from the sources to the NPPO
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1. General Surveillance1.2 Collection, Storage and Retrieval System (cont’d)
• Incentives to report such as:
Legislative obligations
Cooperative agreements (between the NPPO & specific agencies)
Use of contact personnel to enhance communication to and from the NPPO
Public awareness/education programmes
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2. Specific Surveys
• Detection- presence or absence
• Delimiting- to establish boundaries of infested or non infested areas
• Monitoring- ongoing survey to verify characteristics of a pest population
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2. Specific Surveys
Should include:
• definition of purpose
• target pest
• scope (geographic area, production system)
• timing (dates, frequency, duration)
• target commodity (if applicable)
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2. Specific SurveysShould include:
• statistical basis
-level of confidence
-number of samples
-number of sites
-frequency of sampling
-assumptions
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2. Specific Surveys Should include a description of survey
methodology and quality management system to explain: – Sampling procedures (attractant trapping, whole
plant sampling, visual inspection, sample collection and laboratory analysis)
– Diagnostic procedures
– Reporting procedures
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2.1 Pest SurveysSelection of survey sites
• previously reported presence and distribution
• biology of the pest
• host plant distribution
• climatic suitability of sites
• probable points of entry
• possible pathways of spread
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2.1 Pest Surveys
Timing of survey procedures determined by:
• Life cycle of the pest
• Timing of pest management programmes
• Stage of growth/maturity of the host plant(s)/plant parts attacked
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2.1 Pest SurveysTiming of survey procedures determined by:
• life cycle of the pest
• timing of pest management programmes
• stage of host plant /plant part attacked
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2.1 Pest Surveys• Sampling may be targeted or random
• should be designed to favour detection except where quantitative indication is required
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2.2 Commodity or host surveys
Selection of suitable survey sites determined by:
• geographic distribution of production areas and/or size
• pest management programmes
• cultivars present
• points of consolidation of harvested commodity
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3. Good Surveillance Practice• Should be conducted by adequately trained
personnel in plant protection and data management
• personnel should be audited in sampling methods, preservation and transportation of samples for identification and record keeping
• appropriate equipment and supplies should be used and properly maintained
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4. Technical requirements for diagnostic services
• expertise in disciplines relevant to pest identification
• adequate facilities and equipment
• access to specialists for verification
• facilities for record keeping
• facilities for processing and storing voucher specimens
• used of standard operating procedures
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5. Record keeping
Information should include:
• Scientific name of pest and Bayer code if available
• Family/order
• Scientific name of host and Bayer code if available and means of collection
• Locality
• Date of collection and name of collector
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5. Record keeping (cont’d)
Information should include:
• Date of identification and name of identifier
• Date of verification and name of verifier
• References if any
• Additional information (pest/host relationship, infestation status, etc)
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6. Transparency
The NPPO should, on request, distribute reports of pest presence, pest distribution or pest absence derived from general surveillance
and specific surveys.
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DOMINO EFFECT:Early detectionsurveillance
early exotic pest detection
emergency action
eradication or containment measures
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DOMINO EFFECT:pest free areas
surveillance
detect, delimit and/or monitor pest occurrence
select area for pest freedom
establish and maintain PFA
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DOMINO EFFECT: PRAsurveillance
pest listing
pest categorisation
pest risk analysis
scientific justification forphytosanitary measures
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Requirements for Implementation of ISPM 6
• National legislation with provisions for Surveillance
• Administrative provisions
• Qualified surveillance team
• Equipment and tools
• Identification and diagnostic skill
• Procedures and manual for surveillance
• Pest reporting
• Documentation