MANISH PARASHAR

LOOKING BACK

• Ottoman Empire – British colonial rule – UN Partition Plan 1948

• Increasingly, as national feeling became a supreme value, Jews would come to be seen as rootless and cosmopolitan - Zionism

• Arab-Israeli War of 1948

ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICTS

• From multi-pronged conflict with the Arab League to localized skirmishes with Palestinians

• Suez Crisis – Six Day War – Yom Kippur War

• Peace treaties with Egypt, Jordan

THE SHIA-SUNNI DIVIDE

• 1982 rise of Hezbollah; Lebanon divided in to two parts

• Southern Lebanon controlled by Hezbollah, sympathized by Iran, Yemen, Syria

• Saudi Arabia, UAE, Arab League condemns Hezbollah – 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah conflict

PALESTINIAN LIBERATION ORGANIZATION

• Founded in 1964 to serve as the political force of the Palestinians

• Initially violent, in 1993 recognized Israel and vice versa. In turn, around 100 nations identifies PLO as a legitimate body, including India.

• The Oslo Accords

VIOLENT ‘70’S

• Tel Aviv’s Lod airport massacre, Lufthansa Flight 649 hijacking 1972

• Munich Olympic massacre 1972

• Entebbe hostage crisis 1976

HAMAS

• Designated as a terrorist organization, seized power of Gaza in 2007

• Radical, Islamist as opposed to Leftist Fatah of the PLO – oppose the popular two-state theory• Severely divided the Palestinian Authority in to Gaza and the West Bank

KEY PLAYERS

OBSTINATE HAUNTINGS

• Status of Jerusalem

• Water rights, final locations of borders

• Hamas, Palestinian Jihad, al-Qaeda and Islamist terrorism

A NEO-LIBERAL THEORY

• Milton Friedman—”I have no doubt whatsoever that a major part of the present difficulties between the occupied states in Palestine, the Palestinian organization and the Israeli government, derive from the structure of Israeli economic policies, from the socialist structure.  When the occupied areas were first taken over, the generals were very wise in treating them in a completely laissez-faire manner, and they didn’t have many troubles.  As you started to impose in those areas the same socialist techniques of the Israeli state, you get increasing conflict, and those conflicts have arisen until today.”