Sai Kumar Swamy,

PGPM, IIMB

Israel Palestine Conflict

The Arab Story

The Arab Empire – 700-850 AD

The Ottoman Empire – 1500-1918

Arab States

Events of 1915-1918World War IOttoman empireMcMahon-Hussein Correspondence - 1915 -

1916McMahon - Arab revolt against Ottoman empire Hussein - Creation of Arab state

Balfour Declaration – 2nd Nov 1917"His Majesty's Government view with favour the

establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object”

Sykes-Picot AgreementZionism - ZO

What this led toPalestinian Riots

19201921

Hebron Massacre23rd August, 192967 Jews killedRumors of Jewish occupation of Holy LandsSimilar attacks everywhere

1936-1939 Arab RevoltWhite paper of 1939

Renounced Britain’s intent of creating a Jewish home in Palestine

Confiscated all weapons from Arab population

The story of the Jews

The story of the JewsDisplaced peopleHistory of Attacks

1648 Ukraine 1821 Ukraine - The first riot actually called a ‘pogrom’

1881-84 Russia Few deaths, but much fear and property destruction

Zionist Movement1903-6 Russia

Many deaths Much Jewish emigration to Europe and the USA

1918 Poland - 1919 Argentina - 1927 Romania1933 Germany

The Holocaust1945 Arab states such as Libya

HolocaustNazi Germany and Hitler

Perpetrated the worst ‘Pogrom’ in living memorySystematic elimination of Jews

Factory-like processConcentration Camps

Jews - identified, labelled, herded, moved, stored, abused and finally killed

ResultOver 6 million Jews died

Exodus to safe countriesUSA preferred destination

The Germans did not succeed in eliminating the Jews

RESULT :: Need for a SAFE homeland - Emigration

UN Action - Inaction

UN Action2 State theory

Palestine & IsraelIsrael – 55%Palestine – 45%

Rejected by Palestinian ArabsJewish settlers welcomed it – Ben GurionMay 15, 1948 – End of British RuleMay 14, 1948

Palestinians move inJews retaliateIsrael declares independence

Arab League declares warEgypt, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon plan

invasionsIDF defeats the Arab forces

Result of the WarGains

JordanEast JerusalemWest Bank

Egypt Gaza strip – Coastal Strip

Elsewhere the Arabic forces were all pushed back

1949 the United Nations declared a cease-fireIsrael signed armistice agreements with all the

Arab statesIsrael had expanded by another 25%!Arab exodus into neighboring countriesJewish refugees flood Israel, USABen Gurion – national hero

1948-1973Suez Crisis - 19566 day war – 1967

Israel draws water from River JordanRestoration of national pride – Egypt (Gamel

Abdel Naseer)Israel recaptures

East JerusalemWest BankGaza Strip

Captures new territorySinai

Yom Kippur War – 1973

PLO & IntifadaPLO

Formed – 1964Aim : Palestine, with its original Mandate borders, is

the indivisible homeland of the Arab Palestinian peopleYasser ArafatGuerilla TacticsFatah Movement

Intifada : Arabic word Stands for shaking off or shivering because of fear or

illnessIt also means abrupt and sudden waking up from sleep

or unconcerned status. Politically the word came to symbolize the Palestinian

uprising against the Israeli occupationCivil Disobedience

1st – 1987 2nd – 2000

HamasFormed in 1987

1st IntifadaDestroy Israel – Establish Palestinian stateDenies Holocaust occurred

Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Abdel Aziz Rantissi and Mohd. Taha

ActivitiesSuicide bombingsRocket attacks (Qassam)Schools, hospitals, libraries and Social activities

Wins parliamentary elections – 2006Hamas -76 seats; Fatah- 43 seats Conflict between Hamas and FatahHamas defeats Fatah

Hamas – Contd.Hamas offers 10 year truce

Withdraw from West Bank & East JerusalemRight to return for PalestiniansIsrael doesn’t respond

17th June 2008 – Informal truce between Hamas & IsraelNov 4th – 6 Hamas gunmen killed by Israeli forcesHamas responds with rocket attacks on Israeli border

townsIsrael launches operation ‘Cast Lead’

Weed out Hamas militants and smash arms hideouts and safe houses

1000+ civilians deadLimited Hamas casualtiesHuman shields and blending into population during

conflict

Peace ProcessOslo Accord – 1993Camp David – 2000

Key FeaturesAriel SharonMohd Al Durrah Incident

Mitchell report – Basis of the Road Map for peaceSharm El-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Report

an immediate cessation of all violence rebuilding confidence by a full-scale effort by the

Palestinian Authority to prevent Terrorism, the freezing of Israeli settlement activity, ... and other confidence-building measures

resumption of negotiations

TodayThere is still much dispute and fighting over land and

bordersHamas and the PLO are still in conflict with IsraelIsrael has control over 78% of the former Palestine,

rather than the 55% allocated under the UN partition plan

Possible SolutionsMany moderate Arabs want Israeli withdrawal to

pre-1967 bordersHamas (who is in power currently) does not want a

peace agreement, rather desires a single Palestinian state

2 state-solution1 state solutionIsrael’s “land for peace” deals

Annexure

Balfour Declaration

Zionist MovementBaron Edmond de Rothschild

‘the struggle to put an end to the Wandering Jew, could not have as its result, the creation of the Wandering Arab’

Theodore HerzlDer Judenstaat – The Jewish State – 1896

the only solution to the "Jewish Question" in Europe, including growing antisemitism, was through the establishment of a Jewish State

1897 - Zionist Congress"If I were to sum up the Congress in a word – which I shall

take care not to publish – it would be this: At Basle I founded the Jewish State. If I said this out loud today I would be greeted by universal laughter. In five years perhaps, and certainly in fifty years, everyone will perceive it."

Chaim WeizmannRosh Pinna – First Settlement

Zionist Conference – Basel (1897)

Weizmann

Rosh Pinna

Cave of the Patriarchs

Western Wall

Al-Aqsa

Western Wall – Al Aqsa

Foundation Stone

Arab forces

Haganah – Jewish Self Defense Group

Palestine in 1947Jewish Settlements in orange

Palestinian-Arab settlements in Yellow

Holocaust-1

Herding of Jews

Concentration Camps-1

Concentration Camps-2

Jewish Immigrants - Palestine

Partition Plan - MapPink – Palestine

Orange – Israel

Blue – International Zone

Palestine in 1947Jewish Settlements in orange

Palestinian-Arab settlements in Yellow

Invasion Plan

Map – After the 1948 War

Israel before and after the six-day war 1967

Lebanon

Syria

Israel

Jordan

Egypt

Suez Canal

Golan Heights

The End of the Yom Kippur War -Green marks Israeli gains

Railroad Cars

Bus - Jewish

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Oslo Accord

Current Settlements

Durrah Incident

Story in Pictures

Tel Aviv

Story in Pictures

Israel- The people

Because of its location, and long history, Israel has a large mixture of peoples. They are different faiths, appearance, skin colour etc etc.

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Story in Pictures

Suicide Bombing

Is this the END?