ISSNISSNISSNISSNISSN0971-49600971-49600971-49600971-49600971-4960

Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. XXXIIIXXXIIIXXXIIIXXXIIIXXXIIINo.2No.2No.2No.2No.2JulyJulyJulyJulyJuly----- Dec.Dec.Dec.Dec.Dec.20192019201920192019

LOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. XXXIII, No.2, Jul Vol. XXXIII, No.2, Jul Vol. XXXIII, No.2, Jul Vol. XXXIII, No.2, Jul Vol. XXXIII, No.2, Julyyyyy - Dec. 2019- Dec. 2019- Dec. 2019- Dec. 2019- Dec. 2019

Loyola Journal of Social SciencesLoyola Journal of Social SciencesLoyola Journal of Social SciencesLoyola Journal of Social SciencesLoyola Journal of Social SciencesFounder Editor: Dr.E.J.Thomas S.J.

ISSN 0971-4960.

EDITORIAL BOARDEDITORIAL BOARDEDITORIAL BOARDEDITORIAL BOARDEDITORIAL BOARD

Edi to r - i n -Ch ie fEd i to r - i n -Ch ie fEd i to r - i n -Ch ie fEd i to r - i n -Ch ie fEd i to r - i n -Ch ie f : DrDrDrDrDr..... Saj i PSaj i PSaj i PSaj i PSaj i P ..... JacobJacobJacobJacobJacob, Principal, L o y o l a C o l l e g e o fSocial Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Ed i to rEd i to rEd i to rEd i to rEd i to r : Prakash Pillai R.Prakash Pillai R.Prakash Pillai R.Prakash Pillai R.Prakash Pillai R., Assistant Professor, Loyola Collegeof Social Sciences

Membe r s :Membe r s :Membe r s :Membe r s :Membe r s :

Ann DenisAnn DenisAnn DenisAnn DenisAnn Denis, Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology and Anthropology,University of Ottawa, Canada.

MK George S.J.MK George S.J.MK George S.J.MK George S.J.MK George S.J., Regional Assistant of Soth Asian Jesuit Assistancy,Rome

GGGGGurpreet Balurpreet Balurpreet Balurpreet Balurpreet Bal, Professor, Department of Sociology, Guru Nanak University,India.

JJJJJohn Joseph Puthenkalam S.J.ohn Joseph Puthenkalam S.J.ohn Joseph Puthenkalam S.J.ohn Joseph Puthenkalam S.J.ohn Joseph Puthenkalam S.J., Professor, Faculty of Economics,Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.

Jose Boban K.Jose Boban K.Jose Boban K.Jose Boban K.Jose Boban K., Former Principal, Loyola College of Social Sciences,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

KA JosephKA JosephKA JosephKA JosephKA Joseph, former Principal, Loyola College of Social Sciences,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Michael TharakanMichael TharakanMichael TharakanMichael TharakanMichael Tharakan, former Vice Chancellor, Kannur University, Kerala,India.

Murali D.NairMurali D.NairMurali D.NairMurali D.NairMurali D.Nair, Clinical Professor, School of Social Work, University ofSouthern California, USA.

G PalanithuraiG PalanithuraiG PalanithuraiG PalanithuraiG Palanithurai, Professor, Rajiv Gandhi Chair for Panchayati Raj Studies,Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Tamilnadu, India.

EEEEEJJJJJ Thomas S.J.Thomas S.J.Thomas S.J.Thomas S.J.Thomas S.J., former Principal, Loyola College of Social Sciences,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Thomas Landy S.J.Thomas Landy S.J.Thomas Landy S.J.Thomas Landy S.J.Thomas Landy S.J., Director, Centre for Religion, Ethics and Culture;Holy Cross College, Massachusetts, USA

Usha JohnUsha JohnUsha JohnUsha JohnUsha John, former Principal, Loyola College of Social Sciences,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Loyola Journal of Social Sciences is an International multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, biannual being published since 1987. The Journal is published byLoyola College of Social Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, which is an accreditedinstitution at A Grade with CGPA of 3.72 out of 4.00 by the National Assessmentand Accreditation Council (NAAC), India. Material printed is copyright of thisJournal and should not be reproduced without the written permission of theEditor-in-Chief. The Editorial Board does not necessarily endorse the viewsexpressed by the contributors.

The Journal is abstracted/indexed in:All India Index to Periodical Literature in English (AIIPLE),CSA SociologicalAbstracts, CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts Social ServicesAbstracts and the International Bibliography of the Social Science (IBSS).

LOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCESLOYOLA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

JulJulJulJulJulyyyyy----- Dec. 2019Dec. 2019Dec. 2019Dec. 2019Dec. 2019 No. 2 No. 2 No. 2 No. 2 No. 2

CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS

EditorialEditorialEditorialEditorialEditorial Prakash Pillai R, Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R, Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R, Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R, Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R, Ph.D. 5

1. New Farming Practice Dawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewDawit Yekoyesew 7and Its Socio-Economic Saji P. JacobSaji P. JacobSaji P. JacobSaji P. JacobSaji P. JacobCorrelates in Ethiopia:AContext-Level Approach

2. Psychosocial Concerns Sita Sreekumar,Sita Sreekumar,Sita Sreekumar,Sita Sreekumar,Sita Sreekumar, 21among Parents of Children Rejitha Kumari. L,Rejitha Kumari. L,Rejitha Kumari. L,Rejitha Kumari. L,Rejitha Kumari. L,with Hearing Impairment Lekha. S. Nair,Lekha. S. Nair,Lekha. S. Nair,Lekha. S. Nair,Lekha. S. Nair,

Jumin Mary JosephJumin Mary JosephJumin Mary JosephJumin Mary JosephJumin Mary Joseph

3. Government Housing Subsidy: SunMbongeni ESunMbongeni ESunMbongeni ESunMbongeni ESunMbongeni E 39Exploring Administration MagagulaBetty CMagagulaBetty CMagagulaBetty CMagagulaBetty CMagagulaBetty CProcesses in the Dispensation MubangiziMubangiziMubangiziMubangiziMubangiziof Title Deeds in South Africa

4. Effectual Reasoning of Aby TellasAby TellasAby TellasAby TellasAby Tellas 59Entrepreneurs – CaseStudy of Selected IndianSocial Enterprises.

5. Public Procurement and Prenisha Sugudhav-Prenisha Sugudhav-Prenisha Sugudhav-Prenisha Sugudhav-Prenisha Sugudhav- 71Corruption: The Litmus Sewpersadh John CantiusSewpersadh John CantiusSewpersadh John CantiusSewpersadh John CantiusSewpersadh John CantiusTest for South Africa’s MubangiziMubangiziMubangiziMubangiziMubangiziTransformative Outlook

Vol. XXXIIIVol. XXXIIIVol. XXXIIIVol. XXXIIIVol. XXXIII

EditorialEditorialEditorialEditorialEditorial

The current issue of Loyola Journal attempts to address five differentbut pertinent themes from a global perspective. The major topicsbrought under focus include New Farming Practices in Ethiopia, Con-cerns among Parents of Children with Hearing Impairment, Adminis-tration Processes in the Dispensation of Title Deeds in South Africa,Effectual Reasoning of Entrepreneurs in Social Enterprises in India,and Public Procurement and Corruption in South Africa.In their paper on identifying the factors that influence farmers’factors that influence farmers’factors that influence farmers’factors that influence farmers’factors that influence farmers’decisions to adopt new farming practices in Ethiopiadecisions to adopt new farming practices in Ethiopiadecisions to adopt new farming practices in Ethiopiadecisions to adopt new farming practices in Ethiopiadecisions to adopt new farming practices in Ethiopia, DawitDawitDawitDawitDawitand Sajiand Sajiand Sajiand Sajiand Saji discuss the issue in a unique geographical and social con-text. The article explores the vicious impact of poverty on agriculturalpractices. Covering a cross-section of 125 farm households, the studyhas revealed that educational status, availability of labour, access toextension service, size of land holding, oxen possession, membershipof cooperatives, and the perceived distance of the market were foundto be the deciding factors for the adoption of chemical fertilizers andimproved seeds. The paper argues for the extension of public servicesto reach the poor households in remote areas of countries like Ethio-pia, which is the need of the hour.

Next article is a case study by an inter-department team of socialwork practitioners comprising Sita et al, Sita et al, Sita et al, Sita et al, Sita et al,explain the Psychosocial the Psychosocial the Psychosocial the Psychosocial the PsychosocialConcerns among Parents of Children with Hearing Impair-Concerns among Parents of Children with Hearing Impair-Concerns among Parents of Children with Hearing Impair-Concerns among Parents of Children with Hearing Impair-Concerns among Parents of Children with Hearing Impair-ment ment ment ment ment in the Indian context. . . . . The study attempts to understand thepsychosocial factors hindering the progress of children with hearingimpairment who undergo Early Intervention Programme. This has beenundertaken by conducting in-depth interviewing with the parents ofthese children. The factors perceived by the parents which affect theprogress of their children include inadequate family support, imbal-ance in the emotional status of parents, lack of awareness on support-ive services and financial constraints. The paper concludes with somepractical suggestions, highlighting the relevance of the intervention ofa professional team and the strengthening of the parent support groupto enhance the intervention programmes among the hearing impaired.

The third paper, authored by Mbongeni E. Magagula and BettyMbongeni E. Magagula and BettyMbongeni E. Magagula and BettyMbongeni E. Magagula and BettyMbongeni E. Magagula and BettyC. Mubangizi,C. Mubangizi,C. Mubangizi,C. Mubangizi,C. Mubangizi, examines the theme of Administration Processes Administration Processes Administration Processes Administration Processes Administration Processes

Loyola Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. XXXIII, No.2, July - Dec. 2019

6

in the Dispensation of Title Deeds in South Africa. in the Dispensation of Title Deeds in South Africa. in the Dispensation of Title Deeds in South Africa. in the Dispensation of Title Deeds in South Africa. in the Dispensation of Title Deeds in South Africa. Adopting aqualitative design and with reference to an informal settlement in theKwa-Mashu township of KwaZulu-Natal Province as a case study, thestudy explores the administrative factors contributing to delays inprocessing title deeds for the beneficiaries of the low-income housingscheme. It also discusses the effect of these delays on the citizensliving in this informal settlement. The study found a range of adminis-trative issues relating to coordination, organizing and staffing to beresponsible for the delays in processing title deeds. The authors sug-gest a structural reform in the current deeds processing system inorder to address the specific features of the housing scheme and tomanage the large number of beneficiaries.

In his paper on Effectual Reasoning of Entrepreneurs,AbyEffectual Reasoning of Entrepreneurs,AbyEffectual Reasoning of Entrepreneurs,AbyEffectual Reasoning of Entrepreneurs,AbyEffectual Reasoning of Entrepreneurs,Aby es-tablishes the reasoning applied by the selected social entrepreneurs inIndia. He also contrasted the popular logic of causal reasoning withthat of effectual thinking in the context of decision making to startsocial enterprises. Following a case study method, the author ana-lysed three cases of social enterprises in India. The analysis revealedthat effectuation is a useful tool with which one can assess the decisionmaking processes of social entrepreneurs.

The final article entitled Public Procurement and Corruption:Public Procurement and Corruption:Public Procurement and Corruption:Public Procurement and Corruption:Public Procurement and Corruption:The Litmus Test for South Africa’s Transformative Outlook,The Litmus Test for South Africa’s Transformative Outlook,The Litmus Test for South Africa’s Transformative Outlook,The Litmus Test for South Africa’s Transformative Outlook,The Litmus Test for South Africa’s Transformative Outlook,Prenisha and John Prenisha and John Prenisha and John Prenisha and John Prenisha and John discuss the disturbing issue of corruption. Thepaper offers a critical review of the current South African public pro-curement law framework, with a view to recommending statutoryreform. It is concluded that the existing legislation contains significantshortcomings which demand an appropriate legal reform. The authorscontend that though the judiciary plays an excellent role in upholdingthe rule of law, there is a need for further legislation to assist thecourts and enable the judiciary to function more effectively to ensurethe eradication of corruption in the public procurement system.

I gratefully remember the unstinting support of the Loyola CollegeManagement, Dr Saji P. Jacob, the Chief Editor, Dr. Cherian John, forthe language editing and all the reviewers for their valuable contribu-tions in bringing out this volume of Loyola Journal.

Prakash Pillai R. Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R. Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R. Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R. Ph.D.Prakash Pillai R. Ph.D.

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NEW FARMING PRACTICE AND ITSNEW FARMING PRACTICE AND ITSNEW FARMING PRACTICE AND ITSNEW FARMING PRACTICE AND ITSNEW FARMING PRACTICE AND ITSSOCIO-ECONOMIC CORRELATESSOCIO-ECONOMIC CORRELATESSOCIO-ECONOMIC CORRELATESSOCIO-ECONOMIC CORRELATESSOCIO-ECONOMIC CORRELATES

IN ETHIOPIA:IN ETHIOPIA:IN ETHIOPIA:IN ETHIOPIA:IN ETHIOPIA:A CONTEXT-LEVEL APPROACHA CONTEXT-LEVEL APPROACHA CONTEXT-LEVEL APPROACHA CONTEXT-LEVEL APPROACHA CONTEXT-LEVEL APPROACH

Dawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewDawit YekoyesewLecturer and Social Researcher, Department of Sociology,

Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,E-Mail:dawit.yekoyesew@aau.edu.et

Dr.Saji P. JacobDr.Saji P. JacobDr.Saji P. JacobDr.Saji P. JacobDr.Saji P. JacobPrincipal, Loyola College of Social Sciences,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State, India.

E-mail:sajipjacob@yahoo.comAbstractAbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract

Updated farming practices are found to be important in improving thewell-being of rural households in Ethiopia. However, the adoption ofthese practices is low in countries like Ethiopia. Thus, identifying thefactors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt them in their geo-graphical and social contexts is pertinent.The study was undertakenin three purposefully selected rural Kebeles of Tarmaber Woreda namelyKoso-ber, Yitam-na-kosta and Yizaba-na-woyin. Farm households werecategorized into poor (41.5%), medium (52.2%) and rich (6.7%) basedon such indicators as land size, livestock holdings (mainly oxen forplough), the number of times that a family feeds its members per day,housing conditions, land renting and/or sharecropping arrangement,household labour force availability, loan status, membership ofcooperatives and ability to send children to school. Income loss,vulnerability to crop failure and asset depletion, alcoholism and socialisolation are locally believed causes of poverty and extension inputadoption. The survey result from a cross-section sample of 125 farmhouseholds shows that educational status, availability of labour accessto extension service, size of land holding, oxen possession, membershipof cooperatives, and perceived distance of the market were found tobe positive correlates of adoption of chemical fertilizers and improvedseeds.The public services should reach poor households in remote area.

KeywordsKeywordsKeywordsKeywordsKeywords: Socio-EconomicCorrelate, New Farming Practices, Con-text-Level, Ethiopia

Loyola Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. XXXIII, No.2, July -Dec. 2019