issn 2244-6850 · 2018. 4. 20. · rcidu, 2012). agusan del norte, bordered by mountains northeast...

ISSN 2244-6850

Copyright 2013©Philippine Rice Research Institute

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ISSN 2244-6850

P H I L I P P I N E R I C E I N D U S T R Y P R I M E R S E R I E S

R E G I O N X I I I C a r a g a

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TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Abbreviations and Acronyms Used vForeword v IRegional Background 1Trends in Rice Harvest Area, 1990-2011 2Growth in Rice Harvest Area, 1990-2011 3Trends in Rice Yield, 1990-2011 4Growth in Rice Yield, 1990-2011 5Trends in Rice Production, 1990-2011 6Growth in Rice Production, 1990-2011 7Area and Yield Contribution to Production Growth, 2001-2011 8 Rice Harvest Area by Semester, 2000-2011 9Rice Production by Semester, 2000-2011 1 0Rice Harvest Area by Province, 2000-2011 1 1Rice Production by Province, 2000-2011 1 2Rice Yield by Province, 2000-2011 1 3Factors Affecting Yield: Share of Hybrid Seeds on Area and Production 1 4Factors Affecting Yield: Share of Certified Seeds on Area and Production 1 5Factors Affecting Yield: Average Yield of Hybrid and Certified Seeds 1 6Factors Affecting Yield: Fertilizer Use, 2009 1 7Factors Affecting Area: Service Area of Irrigation Facilities, 2010 1 8Cost of Paddy Rice Production, 2010 1 9Returns of Paddy Rice Production, 2010 2 0Average Monthly Farmgate Price of Paddy Rice, 2009-2011 2 1Trends in Prices of Paddy Rice and Regular Milled Rice, 2006-2011 2 2 Postharvest Facilities: Threshers, 2009 2 3Postharvest Facilities: Dryers, 2009 2 4Postharvest Facilities: Mills, 2009 2 5

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Postharvest Facilities: Storage, 2009 2 6Postharvest Facilities: NFA, 2010 2 7Per Capita Rice Consumption All Barangay 2 8Per Capita Rice Consumption by Barangay Type 2 9Ratio of Per Capita Rice Availability to Per Capita Consumption, 2008-2009 3 0

PROVINCIAL PROFILE: Agusan del Sur 3 1Trends in Rice Harvest Area, 2000-2011 3 2Growth in Rice Harvest Area, 2000-2011 3 3Rice Harvest Area by Semester, 2000-2011 3 4Trends in Rice Yield, 2000-2011 3 5Growth in Rice Yield, 2000-2011 3 6Trends in Rice Production, 2000-2011 3 7Growth in Rice Production, 2000-2011 3 8Rice Production by Semester, 2000-2011 3 9Decadal Monthly Rainfall (mm), Surigao, Surigao del Norte PAGASA Station, 1961-2009 4 0

PROVINCIAL PROFILE: Surigao del Sur 4 1Trends in Rice Harvest Area, 2000-2011 4 2Growth in Rice Harvest Area, 2000-2011 4 3Rice Harvest Area by Semester, 2000-2011 4 4Trends in Rice Yield, 2000-2011 4 5Growth in Rice Yield, 2000-2011 4 6Trends in Rice Production, 2000-2011 4 7Growth in Rice Production, 2000-2011 4 8Rice Production by Semester, 2000-2011 49Decadal Monthly Rainfall 5 0

References 5 1Credits 5 5

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A B B R E V I AT I O N S A N D A C R O N Y M S U S E D

BAS Bureau of Agricultural StatisticsBSWM Bureau of Soils and Water ManagementCIS Communal Irrigation SystemDA Department of Agricultureha hectarekg kilogramLGU Local Government UnitLSU Louisiana State UniversityM millionmm millimeterMPDP Multi-Purpose Drying Pavementmt metric tonNIS National Irrigation SystemNFA National Food AuthorityNIA National Irrigation AdministrationNPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potasium PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services AdministrationPhilMech Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and MechanizationPhilRice Philippine Rice Research InstitutePhP Philippine PesoRFO Regional Field OfficeSFR Small Farm Reservoir STW Shallow Tube WellSWIP/DD Small Water Impounding Project/Diversion Dam

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F O R E W O R D

Sufficient and affordable rice for the people is the key component of our nation’s goal toward food security. Since 1960s, self-sufficiency had been the predominant theme of the rice programs. However, achieving a more sustainable growth in rice production continues to be a major challenge.

For decades now, rice sufficiency programs emanated from the national government implementing broad interventions with little regard to variation in production and consumption conditions in different localities. On the other hand, policy makers in the local government are diffident to craft local rice programs. This is partly due to lack of better understanding of the local rice industry status, which in turn driven by scattered information that are often aggregated at the national level.

This regional rice industry profile, inked in collaboration between PhilRice and the regional field offices of DA across the country, and with support from BAS, NFA, PAGASA, and PhilMech, compiled important descriptions and discussions of the factors that affect the rice industry at the regional and provincial levels. The profile contain information and trends on rice area harvested, yield, input uses, seed technology adoption, agro-climatic conditions, availability of postharvest facilities, prices, and consumption patterns which aptly represents the conditions of the region’s rice production and consumption system.

This profile can be a handy reference for regional and provincial policy makers in planning for program interventions suited to their local circumstances. For example, the information on level of seed technology adoption can be used in prioritizing provinces in terms of increasing farmer’s access to seed. The information on inventory of existing postharvest facilities, be it threshers, mills, or warehouses can help in deciding whether a particular province still needs more capital investment. By understanding the trends in their local rice production and consumption, local policy and decision makers can make the first step in defining a course toward sustainable and sufficient regional rice industry.

We in government firmly believe that these regional industry profiles will help us plan more efficiently and effectively in future.

Given the thrust of the government to promote responsible rice consumption for better health, less rice wastage, and productive farming through the promotion of efficient rice technologies, we hope to inspire our farmers to do better by sifting through these profiles – their own – as we intensify our advocacy to achieve rice self-sufficiency beginning this 2013, which has been declared as National Year of Rice. Sapat na bigas, kaya ng Pinas!

Eufemio T. Rasco Jr, PhD Executive Director

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R E G I O N A L B A C K G R O U N D

Caraga in the northeastern Mindanao comprises Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, and Surigao del Sur. The word Caraga originated from the Visayan word kalagan; kalag, means soul or people, and an, means land (Caraga RCIDU, 2012). Agusan del Norte, bordered by mountains northeast and west, is largely spanned by valleys and plains along the Agusan River and coastal areas facing Butuan Bay (Agusan del Norte, 2012). Agusan del Sur, hemmed at the east and west by mountain ranges, is an elongated basin of the Agusan River forming a valley along its center longitudinal part, with swamps and lakes at the south (Agusan del Sur, 2012). Surigao del Norte, located at the northeastern tip of Mindanao, is composed of the mainland, Dinagat Inslands, Siargao Island, and Bucas Grande islands. The mainland is generally rugged and mountainous with limited level plains. Dinagat has a chain of high, forested mountains running north to south through the interior. The other islands are predominantly rolling and steep with broad expanse of mangrove swamps and reef flats (Surigao del Norte, 2012). Surigao del Sur is largely hilly and mountainous with river basins feeding its lowland areas (Surigao del Sur, 2012). Although Caraga ranked 7th in land area, its population of 2.43 million people made it the 13th most densely populated among the 16 rice-producing regions in the country in 2010 (BAS, 2012). Butuan City is its regional center.

The region experiences only type 2 climate with very pronounced rainfall from November to February and wet during the rest of the year (PAGASA, 2012).

Agriculture is a major economic activity in the region, contributing 22% to its gross domestic product, and employing 39% of its workforce in 2011. Main agricultural crops are rice, coconut, and banana. Rice, the major agricultural product, contributed 24% to the total agricultural output of the region during the same period (BAS, 2012).

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Rice harvest area in all ecosystems in Caraga rose by 62%, up from 85,970 ha in 1990 to 141,852 ha in 2011. From a steep fall in 1992, harvest area in the region grew rapidly until the mid-1990s. A decline in harvest area followed and culminated in 1998 when the drought caused by El Niño resulted in severe area contraction. From then on, harvest area recovered and trended upward until late 2000s. As of 2011, 62% of the region’s rice harvest area was irrigated. In the same year, Caraga accounted for 3% of the nation’s harvest area, ranking 12th among the 16 rice-producing regions. The irrigated ecosystem showed a similar trend, but with less fluctuations as in all ecosystems. The non-irrigated ecosystems, however, manifested nearer likeness to the trend in harvest area in all ecosystems.

T R E N D S I N R I C E H A R V E S T A R E A , 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 1

Source of basic data: BAS, 2012Processed by: PhilRice

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Rice harvest area in Caraga grew by 2,632 ha annually in 2001-2011, far slower than the 3,798 ha annual increase in 1990-2000, both more prominent in the second semester. The growth in the earlier period was mainly driven by the irrigated ecosystem, but swapped to the non-irrigated ecosystems in the latter period.

The irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems reflected positive growth in both periods and semesters, except during the first semester in 1990-2000 when the non-irrigated ecosystems posted a negligible negative growth. The expansion was more prominent during the second semester in irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems in both periods.

G R O W T H I N R I C E H A R V E S T A R E A , 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Average yield in all ecosystems grew by 16%, up from 3.09 mt/ha in 1990 to 3.62 mt/ha in 2011, ranking Caraga 15th among the 16 rice-producing regions. From highly fluctuating yield in the early to mid-1990s, yield in the region grew slowly but steady until mid-2000s. However, yield declined gradually toward the late 2000s. Average yield in all ecosystems grew by 12%, up from 2.63 mt/ha in 1990 to 2.94 mt/ha in 2011. The highest average yield in all ecosystems was observed in 2007 at 3.42 mt/ha, while minimum yield was observed in 1997 at 2.44 mt/ha. Yield in irrigated areas increased by 13% between 1990 and 2011, up from 2.84 mt/ha to 3.19 mt/ha. Yield in non-irrigated area grew slower by 8%, up from 2.35 mt/ha to 2.52 mt/ha between the same periods. On average, irrigated yield in Caraga was higher than rainfed yield by 710 kg/ha from 1990 to 2011.

T R E N D S I N R I C E Y I E L D, 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Yield in all ecosystems in Caraga increased by 25 kg/ha yearly in 2001-2011, better than the annual decline of 28 kg/ha in 1990-2000. In the earlier period, yield decreased annually in irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems by 31 and 40 kg/ha, respectively. Yield growth bounced back in the latter period, increasing annually at almost the same amounts in irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems. The decline in 1990-2000 and the improved yield in 2001-2011 were both more prominent during the second semester.

Annual growth in irrigated and non-irrigated yield showed the same movement as in all irrigated ecosystems, reduction in the earlier decade, and increase in the latter decade at bigger magnitude during the second semester, except in non-irrigated areas in 1990-2000.

G R O W T H I N R I C E Y I E L D, 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Production in all ecosystems in Caraga grew by 85%, up from 225,917 mt in 1990 to 416,997 mt in 2011. A quick reduction followed and culminated in 1998 after a rapid increase in production from early to mid-1990s when drought caused by El Niño affected yield negatively and caused area contraction. Since then, production soared as yield improved and area expanded. The improvement in production observed between 2003 and 2008 could be partly explained by increased adoption of high quality seed, and provision of zinc supplement particularly in water-logged areas. In 2011, 68% of the paddy rice produced in Caraga came from irrigated areas. The region contributed 2% to national production in the same year and ranked 13th among the 16 rice-producing regions. Production in irrigated and non-irrigated areas demonstrated similar trends as in all ecosystems, except for some slight deviations. Fluctuations in irrigated production were smaller, while annual increases in non-irrigated production were more restrained since 1999.

T R E N D S I N R I C E P R O D U C T I O N , 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 1

Source of basic data: BAS, 2012 Processed by: PhilRice

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Production growth in all ecosystems in Caraga was positive but faster in 2001-2011 at 11,110 mt per year than the 7,189 mt increase in 1990-2000. Annual growth in irrigated production, however, decelerated to 6,009 mt in 2001-2011, while that in non-irrigated production improved to 5,102 mt, more prominent during the second semester in both periods.

Positive growth occurred in irrigated and non-irrigated areas for both semesters and periods, except during the first semester in 1990-2000 in non-irrigated areas. The growth was more prominent during the second semester in irrigated and non-irrigated areas in both periods.

G R O W T H I N R I C E P R O D U C T I O N , 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Production in all ecosystems from 2001 to 2011 grew by 2.9%, with area expansion as the main source of growth. Similarly, the 2.2% and 4.6% respective production growth in irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems was largely due to area expansion, but with bigger discrepancy in non-irrigated ecosystems.

A R E A A N D Y I E L D C O N T R I B U T I O N T O P R O D U C T I O N G R O W T H , 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 1 1


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More rice areas (55%) in Caraga were harvested during the first semester From 2000 to 2011. The type 2 climate experienced by the region allows growing rice in irrigated and non-irrigated areas during both semesters, but in wider areas during the first semester.

R I C E H A R V E S T A R E A B Y S E M E S T E R , 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Paddy rice production in Caraga during the first semester from 2000 to 2011 was higher (55%) than the first semester. The equal share of production and harvest area of the first and second semesters means the same land productivity of both semesters.

R I C E P R O D U C T I O N B Y S E M E S T E R , 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Agusan del Sur contributed 40% of the harvest area in Caraga from 2000 to 2011. The share to harvest area of the three remaining provinces was almost at same levels. Surigao del Norte provided 21% of the harvest area, followed by Surigao del Sur at 20%, and Agusan del Norte at 19%.

R I C E H A R V E S T A R E A B Y P R O V I N C E , 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 1


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Agusan del Sur contributed 41% to the total production in Caraga From 2000 to 2011, slightly higher than its share in harvest area. Agusan del Norte likewise provided a higher production share than harvest area. These mean that both provinces had higher land productivity than the overall average of the region. Surigao del Sur had equal share in production and harvest area. Surigao del Norte, however, afforded a lower share in production than harvest area, hence the lowest land productivity in the region.

R I C E P R O D U C T I O N B Y P R O V I N C E , 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 1


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R I C E Y I E L D B Y P R O V I N C E , 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 1


Caraga obtained slightly higher yield during the second than the first semester from 2000 to 2011. The Agusan del Sur attained the highest yield at exactly the same level (3.30 mt/ha) in both semesters. Discrepancies in yield levels between semesters were very minimal, if non-existent, with Agusan del Sur showing the widest gap. Surigao del Norte obtained below 3 mt/ha in both semesters, the lowest yield in the region.

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The use of hybrid seeds in general was very modest in Caraga. Agusan del Sur, the highest adoptor in 2008 and 2009, used hybrid seeds in less than 10%% of its harvest area. Use of hybrid seeds increased in all provinces, except in Surigao del Norte, which had negligible share. The higher share of production than harvest area in all provinces during the two survey periods, except an equal share in Surigao del Norte in 2009, indicates higher land productivity of hybrid than the overall productivity of all seed types used.

FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G Y I E L D : S H A R E O F H Y B R I D S E E D S T O A R E A A N D P R O D U C T I O N


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The adoption of certified inbred seeds was relatively high in Caraga compared with other regions. Agusan del Sur posted the largest proportion of its area (55.4%) planted to certified inbred seeds in 2008, and maintained its position in 2009 although its intensity of use declined. All other provinces increased the intensity of using certified seeds between 2008 and 2009. The consistent higher share of certified inbred varieties to production than its share to area in both years for all provinces indicates higher productivity than the overall productivity of all seed types used.

FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G Y I E L D : S H A R E O F C E R T I F I E D S E E D S T O A R E A A N D P R O D U C T I O N


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With the presence of rain clouds almost throughout the year, Caraga has low solar radiation that negatively affects rice yield in the region. As such, yield levels from hybrid and certified seeds were relatively low in Caraga below 5.0 and 4.0 mt/ha, respectively. Agusan del Sur attained the highest hybrid yield at 4.9 mt/ha in 2008 and 2009. Hybrid yield declined in 2009 in all provinces, except in Surigao del Norte. Nevertheless, Surigao del Norte obtained the lowest in both years at 3.6 mt/ha in 2008 and 4.0 mt/ha in 2009.

Agusan del Norte attained the highest yield from certified seeds at 3.7 mt/ha in 2008, but was at par with the other provinces in 2009, except for Surigao del Norte. Yield from certified seeds declined between 2008 and 2009 in all provinces, with Surigao del Norte obtaining the lowest in both years.

FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G Y I E L D : A V E R A G E Y I E L D O F H Y B R I D A N D C E R T I F I E D S E E D S


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The PalayCheck System generally recommends application of 75-30-40 and 108-41-62 NPK (nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium) in irrigated areas for wet and dry seasons, respectively, with two topdress application of nitrogen (PhilRice, 2007).

Farmers in Caraga applied very low rates of nitrogen for their irrigated rice than the general recommendation during dry and wet seasons. The amount of nitrogen applied in rainfed areas during both semesters was consistently lower than in irrigated areas. The rate of application of nitrogen in both ecosystems was slightly higher during the first semester. The amount of phosphorus and potassium used in all ecosystems was very minimal. Ammonium sulfate was the most common fertilizer grade used in the region. Complete fertilizer was popular for basal application.

FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G Y I E L D : F E R T I L I Z E R U S E , 2 0 0 9


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Communal (CIS) and national irrigation systems (NIS) were present in all Caraga provinces, except that there was no NIS in Surigao del Norte. Based in the 2010 inventory of NIA, CIS serviced more than 20,000 ha, while NIS serviced more than 29,000 ha. As of 2011, the Small-Scale Irrigation Project of the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) constructed small water impounding systems and diversion dams (SWIP/DD) with more than 3,000 ha total service area. BSWM installed shallow tube wells (STW) covering 3,270 ha and rehabilitated units servicing 15 ha, and constructed small farm reservoirs (SFR) covering 325 ha.

FA C T O R S A F F E C T I N G A R E A : S E R V I C E A R E A O F I R R I G AT I O N FA C I L I T I E S , 2 0 1 0

Sources of basic data: NIA and BSWM, 2011Processed by: PhilRice

CISNIS

Irrigation System Type (ha)

Other Types (regional level)SWIP/DD - 3,429 haSFR - 325 haSTW - 3,285 ha

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Caraga spent PhP 25,336 per ha in 2010 to produce rice in irrigated areas, and PhP 21,417 in non-irrigated areas. More than half (51%) of the production cost was spent on labor. Fertilizer was likewise a major expense item, closely followed by pesticides. labor, while the second primary expense went to fertilizers. Improving the efficiency of implementing activities from land preparation to harvesting can reduce the huge share of labor on total production cost.

C O S T O F PA D D Y R I C E P R O D U C T I O N , 2 0 1 0


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R E T U R N S T O PA D D Y R I C E P R O D U C T I O N , 2 0 1 0

Caraga farmers with an average yield of 3.32 mt/ha and a gross income of PhP 46,760 from irrigated areas spent PhP 7.63 to produce a kg of paddy rice. It cost farmers slightly more (PhP 7.95) to produce a kg of rice from non-irrigated areas. Overall, farmers in the region spent PhP 7.73 to produce a kg of paddy rice in 2010. At an average price of PhP 14.08 in 2010, farmers in the region earned PhP 6.35 for every kg of paddy rice they produced.

Note: * returns above variable cost including returns to own labor and family labor


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The average farmgate price of paddy rice in Caraga from 2009 to 2011 was highest in May. Prices dropped consistently in the next three months, dropping in August, the peak of wet season harvesting. Recovering in September, prices stayed relatively stable until December. After a slight drop in January, farmgate price crept back until it returned to its peak in May. The gap between the highest and the lowest monthly price was PhP 1.26 per kg of paddy rice.

A V E R A G E M O N T H LY FA R M G AT E P R I C E O F PA D D Y R I C E , 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 1


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T R E N D S I N P R I C E S O F PA D D Y R I C E A N D R E G U L A R M I L L E D R I C E , 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 1

Farmgate price of paddy rice and wholesale and retail prices of milled rice in Caraga were generally stable from January 2006 until the early part of 2008, showing only the regular movements from local supply fluctuations. Although wholesale and retail prices of milled rice sharply peaked because of the world market crisis, farmgate price did not rise as much. Among the 16 rice-producing regions, farmgate price in Caraga showed the least incremental increase from 2006 to 2011 causing the gap between farmgate price and wholesale and retail prices to be much wider than the other regions.


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P O S T H A R V E S T FA C I L I T I E S : T H R E S H E R S , 2 0 0 9

All Caraga provinces, including Dinagat Islands in Surigao del Norte, had surplus threshing capacity relative to their respective annual paddy rice production level as of 2009. Although the surplus capacity in Surigao del Norte was merely 11%, that of Dinagat Islands was 17 times its production. Single-purpose rice threshers could be found in all areas, with Agusan del Sur having the most number and the highest threshing capacity. Multi-purpose threshers existed in all provinces, except in Surigao del Norte. Pedal thresher could be found only in Dinagat Islands and Agusan del Norte, with the former having just more than twice the latter.

The existence of these threshing facilities in each province, however, does not mean that they were actually available and accessible to potential users at the time that they were needed. Harvesting of rice is seasonal, hence, addressing the demand for and easing the mobility of these facilities post problems.

Note:

• The name of province is in red font if it has deficit threshing capacity; green font if surplus capacity

• Values below the name of the province is its total threshing capacity (mt/yr)

Source of basic data: PhilMech, 2011Processed by: PhilRice

Typerice thresherpedal threshermulti-purpose (thresher/sheller)Values inside the colored boxes are no. of available units

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P O S T H A R V E S T FA C I L I T I E S : D R Y E R S , 2 0 0 9

Only Agusan provinces and Dinagat Islands as of 2009 had surplus drying capacity vis-à-vis volume of production ranging from 4% (Agusan de Norte) to 202% (Dinagat Islands). Surigao del Norte was deficient by 42%, while Surigao del Sur by 36%. Agusan del Sur had the highest drying capacity, with the most number of multi-purpose drying pavements (MPDP), flatbed dryers, and reticulating/columnar dryers. Each province, including Dinagat Islands, had at least two types of drying facilities.

Again, the existence of these drying facilities in each province does not mean that they were actually available and accessible to users at the time and place they were needed.

Note:

• The name of province is in red font if it has deficit drying capacity; green font if surplus capacity

• Values below the name of the province is its total drying capacity (mt/yr)


Typeflatbedrecirculating/columnarmobile flash in storeLSUNFAMPDP Values inside the colored boxes are no. of available units

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Only Agusan del Sur and Dinagat Islands had surplus milling capacity; the former by just above half its production, while the latter by as much as 16 times its requirement. Deficit capacity ranged from 38% (Agusan del Norte) to 65% (Surigao del Norte). Agusan del Sur, the major producer of rice in the region, had the highest milling capacity and the most number of single-pass rice mills. This type of mill could be found in all provinces, including Dinagat Islands, but has low milling recovery. A unit of multi-pass rice mill existed in Surigao del Sur.

P O S T H A R V E S T FA C I L I T I E S : M I L L S , 2 0 0 9

Typerice mill (single-pass)rice mill (multi-pass)micromillValues inside the colored boxes are no. of available units

Note:

• The name of province is in red font if it has deficit milling capacity; green font if surplus capacity

• Values below the name of the province is its total milling capacity (mt/yr)


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P O S T H A R V E S T FA C I L I T I E S : S T O R A G E , 2 0 0 9

All provinces in Caraga as of 2009 had inadequate rice storage facilities. Dinagat Islands, however, had a surplus capacity of 85%. Agusan del Sur, the highest rice producer in the region, was deficient by 35% of its requirement, the lowest among the four provinces. Surigao del Sur had the highest deficit at 81% of its production.

Regular warehouses, the most common type of storage facility, existed in the provinces, including Dinagat Islands. A few units of outdoor storage facilities could be found in Agusan del Sur.

Typewarehouseoutdoor storagebulk siloNFAValues inside the colored boxes are no. of available units


Note:

• The name of province is in red font if it has deficit storage capacity; green font if surplus capacity

• Values below the name of the province is its total storage capacity (mt/yr)

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P O S T H A R V E S T FA C I L I T I E S : N FA , 2 0 1 0

The National Food Authority (NFA), the government’s arm mandated to stabilize the supply and prices of rice in the country, had at least one warehouse in each province as of 2010, but none in Dinagat Islands. Agusan del Sur had the most number of NFA warehouses. Not one NFA warehouse was equipped with a dryer and mill.

Source of basic data: NFA, 2011Processed by: PhilRice

warehouse warehouse/ millhousewarehouse/dryerwarehouse/millhouse/dryer

Facility Type

50,000 & below50,001 - 100,000100,001 - 200,000200,001 - 300,000300,001 - 400,000400,001 - 500,000

Capacity (50-kg sacks)

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P E R C A P I TA R I C E C O N S U M P T I O N , A L L B A R A N G A Y S

Per capita rice consumption in Caraga increased by roughly 13% between the 1999-2000 and 2008-2009 survey periods. Consumption increased in all provinces, with Agusan del Norte posting the highest increase between the two survey periods at 24.91%. In the 1999-2000 survey, per capita consumption levels in all provinces, except Agusan del Sur, were below the government’s target of 119 kg per capita per year (Department of Agriculture, 2012). In the 2008-2009 survey, however, all provinces exceeded this target.


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P E R C A P I TA R I C E C O N S U M P T I O N , B Y B A R A N G A Y T Y P E

Disaggregation showed that residents from urban barangays in Caraga generally consumed more than their rural counterparts in both survey periods. Rural residents are assumed to eat more rice than those from urban areas because of the former’s less access to substitute processed staples. Between the two survey periods, the consumption of residents from urban barangays increased by 9% in 1999-2000 and rural barangays by 17% in 2008-2009.

Per capita consumption of residents in both barangay types increased in all provinces between the two survey periods, excluding the urban residents of Agusan del Sur whose consumption remained at relatively the same level. During the 2008-2009 survey, residents in both barangay types, except rural residents in Surigao del Norte, were eating beyond the national target of 119 kg annual per capita consumption. The annual per capita consumption in Dinagat Islands, a component of Surigao del Norte that operated before as a separate province, was 135 kg in rural areas. Hence, it is probable that rural residents in Surigao del Norte actually consumed beyond this target with the inclusion of the consumption of Dinagat Islands. Urban and rural residents of Surigao del Sur consumed the highest. The increase in rice consumption by rural residents implies improvement in food budget or reduction in consumption of alternative staples.


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R AT I O O F P E R C A P I TA R I C E A V A I L A B I L I T Y T O P E R C A P I TA C O N S U M P T I O N , 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 0 9

The per capita availability-to-consumption ratio for rice in the entire region was 0.89 during the 2008-2009 food consumption survey, classifying Davao as a deficient region. The 1.41 ratio attained by Agusan del Sur implies that the province was able to sufficiently produce its requirement, though at a marginal level if other uses of rice are to be considered. The less than 1.0 ratio of the other provinces means that they were not able to produce their rice requirement and had to rely on their rice supply from other provinces and foreign imports.

Notes:• Average per capita paddy rice available was computed as the sum of 2008 and 2009 production

divided by the sum of 2008 and 2009 projected population.• Average per capita rice availability was computed as the average per capita paddy rice availability

multiplied by 0.65 (assumed milling recovery rate).• Rice availability to consumption ratio is NOT EQUIVALENT to self-sufficiency ratio of each province.

It is an OVERESTIMATE of the self-sufficiency ratio since it only considers the food use and ignores other uses such as seeds, processing, and wastes. A ratio of 1 or below indicates deficit status though a ratio of greater than 1 does not necessarily entail a surplus status.


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P R O V I N C I A L P R O F I L E :A G U S A N D E L S U R

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Agusan del Sur had the largest rice harvest area among the four Caraga provinces. Harvest area from all ecosystems rose by 49%, up from 44,675 ha in 2000 to 66,479 ha in 2011. Harvest area displayed a decreasing trend until 2003, recovered the following year, and trended upward until it peaked in 2011, interrupted by a slight drop in 2009 and 2010. As of 2011, 51% of the harvest area in the province was irrigated. The irrigated ecosystem displayed a flatter but increasing trend, with slight annual fluctuations. Between 2000 and 2011, harvest area increased by 24%. The non-irrigated ecosystems reflected longer downturns and upturns over the years, but posted 88% increase between the same years. Displaying a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2003, harvest area in non-irrigated ecosystems progressively expanded in the ensuing years, interrupted only by a slight drop in 2010.


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Rice harvest area in Agusan del Sur in all ecosystems from 2000 to 2011 increased by 1,911 ha annually, the expansion contributed mostly by the non-irrigated ecosystems. This positive growth occurred during both semesters, but more prominent during the second semester. The irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems posted positive growth in both semesters. The growth was more prominent during the first semester in the irrigated ecosystem, but the situation reversed in the non-irrigated ecosystems.


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Harvest area in Agusan del Sur from 2000 to 2011 was slightly higher in the second semester. The climate in the province provided sufficient rainfall to allow rice production the entire year. Although some irrigated areas were not sustained for production in the first semester, harvest area in non-irrigated ecosystems was larger during the first semester from 2000 to 2007. It was surpassed by the second semester, however, in the succeeding years hence, the slightly bigger share of the second semester.


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Paddy rice yield in all ecosystems in Agusan del Sur increased from 2.92 mt/ha in 2000 to 2.93 mt/ha in 2011. Yield levels trended upward from 2000 to 2005, interrupted by a slight drop in 2002. After attaining its peak over 12 years in 2005 at 3.56 mt/ha, yield dipped in 2006, but immediately recovered the following year. From then on, however, yield levels trended downward until 2011 when it reverted back to 2000 level.

Yield from irrigated and non-irrigated areas from 2000 to 2011 in Agusan del Sur showed a similar trend as that in all ecosystems, but with more subtle fluctuations in non-irrigated areas. Yield levels in irrigated areas remained below 4 mt/ha over the years; the non-irrigated areas, below 3 mt/ha. The highest yield was attained in irrigated ecosystem at 3.89 mt/ha and in non-irrigated areas at 2.90 mt/ha, both in 2006.


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Rice yield from all ecosystems in Agusan del Sur from 2000 to 2011 increased by 0.02 mt/ha annually contributed more by the irrigated ecosystem, but provided solely by the first semester.

The irrigated and non-irrigated areas posted positive yield growth in both semesters, but more prominent during the first semester.


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Paddy rice production in Agusan del Sur increased by 50 %, up from 130,430 mt in 2000 to 195,010 mt in 2011. Production from all ecosystems posted a slightly decreasing trend from 2000 to 2004, slightly peaking in 2001. It rose sharply in 2005 and progressively increased until it attained its highest production in 2008. Production plunged in the succeeding two years but recovered in 2011.

Production in irrigated areas showed a similar trend as in all ecosystems from 2000 to 2005. The trend, however, flattened and fluctuated yearly in the ensuing years, showing significant increase in 2007 and 2008. It reverted to its 2006 level by 2011, which was 27% higher than production in 2000. The non-irrigated areas showed a smoother trend. Trending downward from 2000 to 2004, interrupted by a slight peaking in 2001, production consistently improved until 2008. After a slight dipping in the next two years, production reached its record high in 2011, 96% higher than non-irrigated production in 2000.


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Production from all ecosystems in Agusan del Sur from 2000 to 2011 grew by 6,709 mt annually. The increase was contributed mainly by the non-irrigated ecosystems and slightly more prominent during the first semester. The irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems areas posted positive growth in both semesters, with growth more prominent during the first semester in irrigated areas and non-irrigated areas, in the second semester.


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Agusan del Sur produced slightly more paddy rice during the second semester than the first semester. The larger share of production than harvest area in the second semester means land productivity than the first semester.


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D E C A D A L M O N T H LY R A I N FA L L ( M M ) , S U R I G A O, S U R I G A O D E L N O R T E PA G A S A S TAT I O N , 1 9 6 1 - 2 0 0 9

Rainfall data from PAGASA Surigao City station is relevant all areas in the Agusan del Sur. Slight variations were observed in the rainfall pattern in the area from 1961 to 2009 in terms of volume and distribution, except in April, July, and October when precipitation was almost the same between decades.

January was the wettest month in the first three decades, but it shifted to December in the last two decades. The driest months were May and September; slightly drier in May during the second and fourth decades, in August during the third decade, and in September during the second decade. Variations in the volume of rainfall between decades were very prominent from December to February. Precipitation in December was significantly higher in 2001-2009.

Source of basic data: PAGASA, 2011Processed by: PhilRice

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P R O V I N C I A L P R O F I L E :S U R I G A O D E L S U R

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Surigao del Sur had the third largest rice harvest area among the four Caraga provinces, but considered the second highest producing province in the region. Harvest area from all ecosystems rose by 10%, up from 24,128 ha in 2000 to 26,637 ha in 2011. Harvest area was relatively stable from 2000 to 2005, with slight yearly fluctuations. It progressively increased until 2009, but interrupted by a slight drop in 2008. It reflected a decreasing trend in the last two years. Harvest area in irrigated ecosystems showed a stable trend from 2000 to 2004. After the sharp rise in 2005, harvest area progressively expanded until 2007, the year when it reached its peak. Thereafter, it reflected a decreasing trend with a significant dip in 2009. Harvest area in the irrigated ecosystem rose by 14% between 2000 and 2011. In contrast, non-irrigated harvest showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2007, with slight fluctuations in between. After a slight upturn in 2008, it peaked in 2009, but consistently dropped in the remaining years, returning to almost the same level as in 2008. Non-irrigated harvest area increased merely by 3% between 2000 and 2011.


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Rice harvest area in Surigao del Sur in all ecosystems grew by 543 ha annually from 2000 to 2011, the increase contributed mostly by the irrigated ecosystem, and more prominent during the second semester. The irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems posted positive growth in both semesters, but the growth was more prominent during the second semester, especially in non-irrigated ecosystems.


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Harvest area in Surigao del Sur was much higher during the first semester from 2000 to 2011. Although it rains in the province throughout the year, only 20% of the non-irrigated areas received sufficient amounts of precipitation to sustain rice production during the second semester. In addition, rice was not grown in some irrigated areas during the second semester.


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Paddy rice yield in all ecosystems in Surigao del Sur increased from 2.50 mt/ha in 2000 to 3.02 mt/ha in 2011. Yield levels trended upward from 2000 to 2007, with marked dips in 2004 and 2006. After attaining its highest yield in 2007 at 3.47 mt/ha in the past 12 years, the province’s yield dropped in 2008, then slightly recovered in the succeeding two years before dropping again in 2011.

Yield from irrigated areas showed a similar trend as that in all ecosystems. It attained its highest yield in 2007 at 3.57 mt/ha. Non-irrigated yield in 2001 showed a sharply increasing trend from 2000 to 2007, interrupted only by a slight drop in 2002. Attaining its highest yield in 2007 at 3.12 mt/ha and the only time that non-irrigated yield crossed the 3 mt/ha mark, it sharply dropped the following year. After consistently improving in the next two years, non-irrigated yield plunged to a level very close to that in 2003.


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Rice yield from all ecosystems in Surigao del Sur from 2000 to 2011 increased by 0.07 mt/ha annually contributed almost equally by the irrigated and the non-irrigated ecosystems. Yield growth was more prominent during the second semester. Irrigated and non-irrigated yield posted positive growth in both semesters, more prominent during the second semester especially in non-irrigated areas.


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Paddy rice production in Surigao del Sur increased by 33%, up from 60,353 mt in 2000 to 80,380 mt in 2011. Production from all ecosystems posted an increasing trend from 2000 until its peak in 2007, interrupted by drops in 2001, 2002 and 2004. After a significant dip in 2008, production recovered in the succeeding two years, but plunged again in 2011.

Production from irrigated areas showed a similar trend as in all ecosystems over the 12-year period, deviating only in 2009. It attained its highest production level in 2007, exceeding 75,000 mt. Rice production in the province increased by 35% between 2000 and 2011.

Although remaining minimal over the years, production in non-irrigated areas increased by 26% between 2000 and 2011, attaining its highest level in 2009. Production in non-irrigated areas showed a slowly increasing trend from 2000 to 2008 before it peaked in 2009. Thereafter, it trended downward until 2011.


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Production from all ecosystems in Surigao del Sur from 2000 to 2011 rose by 3,281 mt annually, the increase contributed mostly by the irrigated ecosystem. Production growth in all ecosystems was shared by both semesters, but slightly more prominent during the second semester. The irrigated and non-irrigated areas posted positive production growth in both semesters, but more prominent during the second semester.


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Surigao del Sur produced more paddy rice during the first semester than the first semester. The equal share of production and harvest area in both semesters means that they had the same land productivity.


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D E C A D A L M O N T H LY R A I N FA L L

Rainfall data from PAGASA Surigao City station is relevant to the all parts of Surigao del Sur (refer to page 40 for the decadal rainfall graph).

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R e f e r e n c e s

Agusan del Norte. 2012. Topography: Agusan del Norte. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://www.agusandelnorte.gov.ph/index.php/about-agusan-del-norte/topography

Agusan del Sur. 2012. Topography: Agusan del Sur. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://pbi.agusandelsur.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=31

Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. 2012. CountrySTAT. Retrieved Sep. 10, 2012

from http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/

_____. 2012. Regional Profile: Caraga. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=16

Bureau of Soils and Water Management. 2012. Summary of Completed Projects by Region and by Type of Irrigation System: As of December 2010.

Caraga RCIDU. 2012. Historical Background: Caraga. Regional Criminal Detection Group. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://13rcidu.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6:caraga-rcidu&catid=1:about-us

Department of Agriculture. 2012. The Food Staples Sufficiency Program: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Global Competitiveness 2011-2016. Quezon City: Department of Agriculture.

National Food Authority. 2011. NFA-Constructed Warehouses. Retrieved June 8, 2011 from www.nfa.gov.ph/files/warehouse/

National Irrigation Administration. 2012. Status of Irrigation Development: As of December 2010.

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administra-tion. 2012. Philippine Climate Map. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philippine_climate_map.png

_____. 2011. Daily Rainfall Data. Various Weather Stations.

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Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization. 2011. Inventory of Postharvest Facilities in the Philippines.

Surigao del Norte. 2012. Location and Physical Profile: Surigao del Norte. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://www.surigaodelnorte.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=99

Surigao del Sur. 2012. Province of Geography. Retrieved Sep. 11, 2012 from http://www.surigaodelsur.gov.ph/geography.php

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Notes

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Notes

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C r e d i t sAuthors:Bethzaida M. Catudan (PhilRice)Flordeliza H. Bordey, PhD (PhilRice)Suennie Jane C. Paran (PhilRice)Nonilon I. Martin (PhilRice)Florencio B. Lamson (PhilRice)June Anthony S. Ouano (DA-RFO XIII) Frank Wendyll D. Tusoy (DA-RFO XIII) Florites J. Rosales (DA-RFO XIII)

Layout Artists:Alfred Franco T. CaballeroLeah May dC. TapecNonilon I. Martin

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We are a chartered government corporate entity under the Department of Agriculture. We were created through Executive Order 1061 on 5 November 1985 (as amended) to help develop high-yielding, cost-reducing, and environment-

friendly technologies so farmers can produce enough rice for all Filipinos. We accomplish this mission through research and development work in our central and seven branch stations, coordinating with a network that comprises 57 agencies and 70 seed centers strategically located nationwide. To help farmers achieve holistic development, we will pursue the following goals in 2010-2020: attaining and sustaining rice self-sufficiency; reducing poverty and malnutrition; and achieving competitiveness through agricultural science and technology. We have the following certifications: ISO 9001:2008 (Quality Management), ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental Management), and OHSAS 18001:2007 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series).

The DA-Regional Field Office Caraga (DA-RFO XIII) is the primary arm of the Department of Agriculture responsible for promoting the region’s agriculture; growth and development through the delivery of appropriate goods and services. Our efforts are focused on raising the quality of human existence, particularly those of small farmers and fisherfolks; and on sustainability of resource productivity over the long term.

Our mission is to increase the income of farmers and fisherfolks, thereby contributing to the achievement of the national goals of alleviating poverty, generating productive opportunities, fostering social justice and equity, and promoting sustainable economic growth. In pursuit of this, we provide a policy framework that directs public investments and, in partnership with the local government units (LGUs), provides the support services necessary to make agriculture and fisheries, and agri-based enterprises profitable to help spread the benefits of development to the poor, particularly those in the rural areas.

We implement at the regional level the national programs on rice, corn, high value crops, and livestock. The components of the rice program include production support services, R&D, and irrigation, including provision of postharvest machinery, and farm-to-market roads.

issn 2244-6850 · 2018. 4. 20. · rcidu, 2012). agusan del norte, bordered by mountains northeast...

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