Issue 5, August 2019

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A message from Army Lessons

Welcome to the Knowledge 4 Army e-Newsletter (K4A). The aim of K4A is to provide links to the latest Australian and coalition lessons, doctrine, simulation and digital learning products as well as short extracts of the latest news in these areas. It also lists useful knowledge resources, such as internet blogs, twitter feeds and book recommendations to assist with professional military education. Army Lessons will disseminate K4A to all Defence members with further newsletters produced when there is sufficient information to do so. K4A will be uploaded to Army Knowledge Online (AKO) http://ako.drn.mil.au/wps/portal, ForceNet https://www.forcenet.gov.au/ and The Cove https://www.cove.org.au/ in PDF format to enable printing and ease of viewing on a computer screen.

This edition of K4A will provide information on:

• Latest news

• New publications

• Smart Soldier 57

• Land Doctrine updates

• Army Lessons updates

• From the blogs

• Army insights and observations

Issue 5, August 2019

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DEFGRAM 362/2019 Senior Officer appointments and promotions

This DEFGRAM outlines the latest Senior Officer appointment and promotion decisions. Released on 26 July 2019.

AALO US Army TRADOC Monthly Report Jul 19

Key Points for the month of July:

1. Multi-domain Operations and Army Modernisation Strategy Updates. Specifically, updates on access to the DOTMLPF review of the 17 Gaps, Annual Modernisation Guidance 19.3, Concept Development and Battle Development Plans.

2. Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) / Army augmented reality goggles.

3. Feedback from USARPAC on Exercise Pacific Sentry 19.3, and

4. Recruiting / Accessions – Hyperfit women’s study currently underway and new Talent Management Task Force.

Chief Driving Instructor - Army Bulletin

During the past 12 months a number of reviews have been completed on Defence’s heavy vehicle management and training of road transport operations to identify the adjustments required from Defence, as part of the Australian road transport industry. This has primarily focused on ensuring that Defence has the appropriate governance framework in place to safely conduct road transport operations.

Recommendations have been made including the establishment of a notice board to communicate issues and events to the broader audience. The CDI-A Bulletin is how Army will continue to improve the awareness of road transport operations within Defence. Look for the CDI-A Bulletin button after opening the link via ‘Learn more’ below.

Defence Health Manual-AL16

This manual details the health policies, standards and procedures that support Defence to provide the health system to meet ADF capability requirements. This manual is designed for all Defence personnel. It assists members, managers, commanders and supervisors to function within the Defence health system. The information in this manual aligns to legislative and regulatory frameworks.

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DEFGRAM 338/2019 New Defence Policy for classification and protection of official information: From October 2020.

On 01 October 2018, the Protective Security Policy Framework (PSPF) introduced revised classifications that came into effect on 01 January 2019. While some government agencies have already adopted the revised classifications, Defence has approval to continue to use the extant classification system until 01 October 2020.

Discipline Officer Manual 2019

To clarify the operation of the DO Scheme, the policy and procedures for all users of the Discipline Officer Manual has been produced. For most ADF members this will be the only publication they need to refer to when dealing with day-to-day discipline issues at the unit level, The Discipline Officer Manual reflects the very important role the DO Scheme plays in maintaining and enforcing Service discipline in the ADF.

Army Task Directive 2020 - 2025

The Strategic Guidance provided in the Chief of Defence Force Preparedness Directive (CPD) sets Army’s preparedness requirements for FY 19/20. As an Army Enterprise Document, the Army Task Directive (ATD) enlivens CPD and the Chief of Army’s strategic intent.

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ADF Concept for command and control of the future force

How does the ADF command and control the future force to provide a competitive advantage during operations in the future environment? The central idea of the future command and control concept is hierarchical command and agile control. The ADF Future C2 Concept was developed by Force Exploration Branch in collaboration with the Services and Groups in late 2018. It has been tested by Defence Science and Technology Group and endorsed by the Joint Warfare Council.

Joint Doctrine Directorate: Draft Doctrine

All joint doctrine publications are reviewed and updated on a regular basis. Those publications that are currently being reviewed will regularly be available on the linked page, below, for comment and feedback. All users are encouraged to read the draft documents and make comment to the listed Doctrine Desk Officer. It currently includes:• Headquarters Joint Task Force Organisation• Communication and Information Systems• Military Public Affairs

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Smart Soldier Magazine: Issue 57

This edition provides a wide variety of articles, and you are sure to find something that will be of interest to you. Issue 57 was released in August 2019 and is available online. See ‘Smart Soldier’ link below.

Topics covered are as follows:

• Night without batteries: How much do you know about owning the night without NVG? This article provides a compilation of tips from WWI and WWII.

• Be a better Recruit Instructor: Staff Training Platoon from Kapooka provide a number of tips for Recruit Instructors. It should surprise no one to learn that this tips have application for all instructors across Army.

• Leadership for the profession of arms – an unlimited liability: This article describes the unlimited liability contract and its relevance to the Australian Army.

• Developing Army leadership into the future: Smart Soldier 56 had an RFI to Army, asking for feedback on key leadership focal areas. This article by CPL Green is the winning submission.

• Army in motion: Army is always seeking ways to develop and improve; over time, these efforts have had a number of different forms and names. This article is about how Army is approaching its future as an Army in Motion.

• Post Activity Reports and Army learning: Smart Soldier has a new article series, trends in the spotlight. This opening article looks at PARs.

• Q&A: Another new series, we send questions to a CPL in Army. CPL Hurley from 1 CSSB kicks us off.

• Doctrine update: This article provides recent releases.

• QDE: Deploy to a distribution point: The previous QDE had soldiers planning a distribution point. This QDE follows on from that task with soldiers needing to plan and conduct the convoy.

Like previous editions, Smart Soldier 57 will be available in hard copy (in units shortly) and via Army Knowledge Online , ForceNet , The Cove , Facebook and the DPN.

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Doctrine Online Accessibility

On average Land Doctrine Online has 522 hits per day. In the previous quarter there have been in excess of 60,000 referrals to Land Doctrine publications from other internet sites.The quickest way to find doctrine is via the DRNet Home page, click ‘Army’ then the drop down for ‘Publications’ and doctrine is easy to find. Or save the link to your favourites.

Recent Releases

The following doctrine publications have been released on Army Knowledge Online (AKO), Doctrine Online and ForceNet.

• LWP-CA (ENGR) 2-4-1 Watermanship Amendment List Number 1. This amendment provides clarification on the skills and knowledge required of first aid providers when conducting watermanship activities

• LWP-G 7-3-5 Demolitions and Mines: Range Practices and Non-operational Tasks Amendment List Number 1. This amendment changes the rank requirements for demolitions range appointments, demolitions training certifying officers, battle noise simulation training certifying officers, target ranks in the continuum of demolitions training and qualifications, and ammunition safety officers.

• LWP-MP 3-8-3 Military Police Dogs. This publication contains information concerning all aspects of recruitment, development, training and employing of both military police dogs and military police dog handlers.

• LWP-CA (MTD CBT) 3-2-3 M113AS4 Gunnery. This publication covers off on all equipment of the M113AS4 vehicle turret and armaments, ammunition and the principles and drills for applying fire from the M113AS4.

• LWP-CA (STA) 2-3-2 Surveillance and Target Acquisition. This publication contains information concerning the planning, preparation and execution of surveillance and target acquisition operations. It includes integration into manoeuvre, intelligence and targeting in support of a formation’s operation.

• LWP-CA (MTD CBT) 3-2-0 Principles of Direct Fire Gunnery from Mounted Weapons. This publication replaces the interim publication released in December 2018.

Joint Doctrine

Don’t forget to familiarise yourself with the latest Joint Doctrine publications released.• ADDP 00.1 Command and Control, Edition 2 AL1• ADDP 3.2 Amphibious Operations• ADDP 4.1 Logistic Support to Capability

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The Army Lessons database holds approximately 85,000 documents including observations, insights, lessons, foreign and historical doctrine, studies and reports – documents from militaries all over the world with a span from the Boer War to present. It is a great resource for those conducting research and planning as a majority of reports, due to classification, can only be found on this site.

The U.S. Army and the Battle for Baghdad

The history of the Battle for Baghdad is recounted from pre-war planning to withdrawal. In this report, the Iraq War and the Battle for Baghdad are divided into the following periods: pre-war planning, occupation, GEN George Casey’s command, the troop surge, and withdrawal. These periods frame the analysis, and each is mined for lessons. The history recounted in the report focuses on events and actions from the national command level down to tactics and techniques employed by combat brigades. It also includes decisions and actions by both military and civilian leaders.

The overarching lessons learned from the Battle for Baghdad could help leaders avoid the same mistakes in future conflicts:• The Army needs to anticipate and take steps to prevent insurgencies• Capacity and capability matter, and the “whole of government” beyond the

military could not provide them in Iraq• Robust and high-quality headquarters are critical• As the Army continues to perform the training and advising mission, developing

competent advisers and understanding sustainable outcomes are key• Building and advising foreign armies should enable them to operate without

direct U.S. engagement• Military transition teams and advisers are key to developing forces that provide

sustainable security• The Battle for Baghdad provides a wealth of information about how to reimagine

future urban combat• Army professional military education is critical in preparing Army leaders for the

future.

The following documents have recently been uploaded to the Army Lessons database:

Paper - Understanding Digital Age Propaganda: Influence operations in the digital age are not merely propaganda with new tools. They represent an evolved form of manipulation which present actors with endless possibilities – both benign and malignant. While the origins of this new form are semi-accidental, it has nonetheless opened up opportunities for the manipulation and exploitation of human beings that were previously inaccessible. Now conducted across the whole of society, we are only at the beginning of a new era of population-centric competition.

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Video - Iraqi Force Training Intro-TG TAJI2-2015: This video is the introduction to Task Group Taji Rotation 2 (TG TAJI2) that was used to give trainers orientation to the activities of the group at that time. TG TAJI was a combined NZ and Australian Armies group operating in Iraq.

Canadian doctrine - Command in Land Operations: This piece of Canadian Doctrine (B-GL-300-003/FP-001 Command in Land Operations) has been organised along two main axes. Firstly, much of the material is discursive in nature, is a discussion of the more theoretical aspects of command, and is intended to promote discussion. Secondly, it has been grounded in sound doctrine. The primary purpose of this Doctrine is to contribute to a common view of command (Mission Command) throughout the Canadian Army, upon which a more dynamic style of conducting operations and training (Manoeuvre Warfare) can be developed.

Report - Targeted Multinational Interoperability-US RAND-2019-UNCLAS: This study should be of interest to tactical units building multinational interoperability, headquarters offices that are tasked with constructing the requirements and securing the resources for such interoperability, and the combatant commands who might best benefit from advancing interoperability.

CALL Handbook 18-24 The First 100 Days of Platoon Leadership: This volume for new platoon leaders and platoon sergeants contains insights on leadership, training management, Army systems, and more. Vignettes and lessons from current and former platoon-level leaders allow newly assigned leaders to learn from those who have gone before.

CALL Handbook 19-08 Musician of Mars Feb 19: Musicians of Mars III “The Cobra Strikes” picks up the tale of LTC Milner and Task Force Mustang in the aftermath of their successful defense (in CALL Handbook 16-12, Musicians of Mars II) of engagement area Blackjack. The responses to that publication from our tactical audiences was that there was appetite for a follow-on publication that emphasized offensive operations. This volume delivers. As with Musicians of Mars II, this handbook takes the reader through a fictional scenario where the tactical leaders make decisions, some good and some not so good, that impact subsequent actions. Musicians of Mars III will have its leaders learning and improving as they progress through tactical engagements. This was intentional in the development of this publication, and is designed to facilitate tactical discussions at the company and platoon levels.

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CALL Handbook 19-16 Battlefield Coordination Detachment May 19: This handbook is designed to inform Army leaders of the BCD’s functions, roles, and capabilities, along with best practices and lessons from numerous exercises, experiments, and named operations. These insights should prove invaluable to all Army leaders, newly assigned BCD personnel, and organizations that work with BCDs.

CALL Handbook 19-18 Commander and Staff Guide to Rehearsals Jul 19: This handbook provides a cohesive instructional manual on rehearsals; it incorporates doctrine and best practices to mitigate unit challenges in executing rehearsals at all levels, while also acknowledging that the basic tenets of rehearsals have not changed. U.S. forces operate in a complex operating environment of cyber, multinational, and multi-domain players. This environment increases operational complexity, thus necessitating timely and effective rehearsals to optimize these capabilities and increase the likelihood of success.

MultiNational Force (MNF) SOP Ver 3.2: This SOP is broad and generic in nature to allow for flexibility in application. However, it is designed to be detailed enough to serve as a guide for the establishment and forming of a Coalition / Multinational Force (MNF) and act as a solid framework for plans development and execution of multinational operations. This SOP provides a framework and process for developing consensus between nations on multinational operational concepts.

If you or your unit hold any documents that would be of benefit to the collective knowledge of Army, please submit to Army Lessons using the link below:

Human Dimensions Volume 2 by presented by Smart Soldier

This product provides a reminder of how we can manage and prepare for the demands that are placed on us in the Australian Army. LTGEN RM Burr AO, DSC, MVO has provided the foreword, and encourages “everyone to take the time to read, discuss and use this information to find ways to enhance performance and capability at all levels”.

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Chief of Army

“The challenge posed by accelerating change, coupled with the need to balance our current and future requirements, presents an opportunity for every member of our One Defence team. We must innovate across Defence, seeking the best way to achieve our tasks, removing obstacles to achieving our mission – especially those we have imposed upon ourselves.” Chief of Army June Blog

The Cove (AS)

• Weak and unreadable: suggestions for the Army’s comms problem

• On followership: seeing the weight of leadership from the green notebook

Land Power Forum (AS)

• Land Forces 2018 Pt 1 - What Next? - Dr Albert Palazzo

• Land Forces 2018 Pt 2 - New Direction, New Communities - Dr Albert Palazzo

Logistics in War (AS)

• Burying the Hero – How logistics and readiness changed war

• The water in the well – How much readiness is enough?

• Mobilisation in the Information Technology Era

Grounded Curiosity (AS)

• Getting the Future Wrong: How Science Fiction Can Help Anyone Prepare for the Future

• Leonidas’ Legacy: A Matter of Missiles vs Manoeuvre

• Force restructuring in the 1990s: Lessons from Army’s failure to embrace change

The Army Leader (UK)

• Staff Ninja or Staff Monkey?

• Failure: A Practioner’s View

• Leadership Lessons for Father’s Day

• Summer Leadership Book List 2019

3 x 5 Leadership (USA)

• Goals In Lieu of Vision: A Practical Exercise in Developing a Purposeful Organization

• The 4 Cs of Empowerment

• When Our Leadership Isn’t Good Enough

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From the Green Notebook (USA)

• On Followership: Seeing the Weight of Leadership

• Has Anyone Seen the Boss?

• 5 Tips to Help New NCOs Succeed

Modern War Institute (USA)

• The most recent medal of honour awarded reveals a dangerous us military weakness

• Play to win: Sticking to a playbook in the competition with Russia

• A modern day nerve agent attack: Military Lessons from Salisbury

Military Times

• Supreme Court: Trump can use Pentagon funds for border wall

• New Naval Academy superintendent takes command

• The new sergeant major of the Marine Corps is not promising you a ‘rose garden’

Army War College (USA)

• Optimizing Army Recruiting

• Overusing personal technology: Ticking time bomb for strategic leaders

RUSI (UK)

• Shashoujian, or, the Way of the Dragon

The art of manliness (US)

• Podcast #525: How to Stress Proof Your Body and Brain

The Field Grade Leader (US)

• The Army Combat Fitness Test: Building Well-Rounded Tactical Athletes and Transforming Army Fitness Culture

• RACE to Success with Mission Command

• Importance of Communication by Field Grade Leaders

• Useful Tips from My Time as a BN S3 and BDE S2

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Army Lessons manages a lessons database, containing nearly 40,000 observations and over 1,600 insights. This database is a perpetual work-in-progress but you will not find a better source of Army knowledge. Clicking on the button below will take you to the DPN Army Lessons Online database. From this portal you can access documents, observations, insights and lessons. Since observations are generally individual perspectives, we encourage you to seek relevant ‘insights’, as the product of analysing the observations and documents. You can access linked observations through those insights to give more depth of understanding to the advice Insights and Lessons offer. Please note that the lessons database can only be viewed in Internet Explorer, not Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome.

If you cannot find useful information relating to your information needs, please submit an RFI using the button on the page or included in this newsletter so our staff can find information for you.

Insight: Climate effect on patrolling distances and conduct

Example of some observations associated with this insight:

Weight of equipment on foot patrols needs to be managedInfantry lieutenants that deployed on Op SLIPPER in 2009/10 said that commanders need to manage their fatigue levels and those of their soldiers. Of particular note was the need to manage the weight of equipment and water that was taken on foot patrols. Soldiers were carrying up to 20 litres of water on long range patrols in the heat of summer. Soldiers were ‘killing themselves’ just carrying water.

Summer foot patrols limited to 6 hours durationInfantry soldiers that deployed on Op SLIPPER in 2009/10 said that soldiers could only carry 4 litres of water because of the weight of all the other stores they had to carry. This restricted foot patrols in the hot summer months to a maximum of 6 hours or approximately 8km. This time limit took into account no problems or contacts during the patrol. It was felt that they would be in difficulty if they were contacted in the latter stages of a long foot patrol in summer.

Insight: Caution against aggressive driving in built-up areas

Where tactically appropriate, such as on peacekeeping operations, operators suggest that vehicles should use caution at travelling at high speeds. When trying to secure the ‘hearts and minds’ of local nationals, it can be a significant deterrent if locals are angry towards Force Elements who speed recklessly through their villages and towns. Operators suggest that when possible, vehicles should travel slowly through populated areas, taking the time to wave to locals and adopt a less aggressive posture.

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Army Lessons and Learning Board – Request for Information.

The Army Lessons and Learning Board (ALLB) was conducted on 02 May 18. The ALLB proposed and approved four Key Information Requirements (KIRs) to ensure the ALLB’s focus is forward-looking. This will ensure Army’s future learning requirements are informed by the analysis of contemporary experience, while continuing to remediate issues identified during training, exercises and operations.

Army Lessons is seeking your thoughts, observations, insights or lessons regarding any element within the four KIRs listed below. Please forward your input to:

Insight: Educational approach to non-kinetic actions

Example of some observations associated with this insight:

Be prepared to rapidly change from non-kinetic to kinetic operationsA captain who deployed on Op SLIPPER as a special forces patrol commander during 2009 stated that due to the nature of the operation in the Mirabad Valley, commanders and soldiers alike need to be prepared to change from kinetic operations to non-kinetic operations, and vice versa, in the blink of an eye. The officer said that an example of this was when he and his troops were engaged in a local community meeting with all the tribal elders and important members of the community. Several minutes after the dispersal of the meeting, insurgents engaged his troops with rocket and small arms fire. The officer explained that his soldiers had to change rapidly from a fairly relaxed posture one minute to an aggressive patrolling the next.

Importance of teaching the Afghan National Army (ANA) relevant aspects of Western armiesA major who deployed to Afghanistan as the officer commanding (OC) an Operational Mentoring and liaison Team (OMLT) in Afghanistan during 09/10 stated that it was important to teach the Afghan National Army (ANA) the value of certain aspects of Western armies operations. The officer said that intelligence was prime example of where the ANA could improve their capabilities. The officer said that it was important to explain to members of the ANA the value in continually adapting and changing their tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP) in order to defeat the enemy. The officer commented that as AS TTP were modified and developed, it was important to demonstrate the changes and explain the significance in adapting through experience to the ANA soldiers.

Sent by: Army Lessons on behalf of Army Knowledge CentreTobruk Barracks, Bridgeford Rd. Puckapunyal VIC