issues in student-athlete mental health: how can student ... · depression student- athletes...
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Issues in Student-Athlete Mental Health: How Can
Student Affairs Help?
Shawn Zeplin, Psy.D.
Staff/ Sport Psychologist
ISU SCS
Redbird Athletics
Introduction • Who am I?
• Why are we here? o Overview:
• What do I do?
• What do we know?
• How can you help?
• Video
What is Sport Psychology?
• Identifying and understanding psychological theories
and techniques that can be applied to sport and
exercise to enhance the performance and personal
growth of athletes and physical activity participants
• Goal is to learn how to consistently create the ideal
mental climate that allows physical skills to flourish and
athletes to perform at their best (peak performance)
• Principles are derived from psychology and may be
phrased in terms of athletic participation, but are
applicable to all areas of life.
Counseling • Many sport psychologists
are trained in counseling/clinical psychology
• The same approaches and theories are used by sport psychologists
• “Athlete” can be conceptualized as a diversity variable
• Stigmas are in place for counseling within athletics, too!
• Multiple relationships – will discuss more later…
Performance Enhancement
• Theories are a bit
different
• Some based on: o Motor Behavior – study of the
psychological and
physiological processes that
affect motor performance
• Motor Control, Motor
Learning
o Motor Development
• Gross, Fine, Graphomotor
o Kinesiology – science of
human movement
o Coaching
Performance Enhancement
• Strategies &
Approaches o Visualization
o Imagery
o Relaxation
• PMR
o Blocked vs. Distributed Practice
o Leadership Development
o Confidence Development
• Where do performance
psychologists practice? o Counseling vs. Performance
Enhancement
o Private vs. Public
Confidence Wave
Practicing Mental Skills • Often helpful to practice mental skills before or after
physical practice o Provides scheduled structure
o Provides generalization to learning
• Mental skills should be incorporated with physical
skill practice ASAP
• Mental skills training should continue the entire
duration of sport participation o New challenges will always arise
Athletes vs. Non-athletes Personalities
• Research suggests…
o no consistent “athletic” personality
o no consistent differences between subgroups of athletes
• Is this surprising to you?
Athletes vs. Non-athletes Personalities
• Why no differences?
o High variability within groups of individuals
o Groups not necessarily distinct (e.g., who is an
“athlete”)
o Personality made up of so many aspects
Sport Behavior
- participation - performance
Personal Factors -demographic
-psychological
-physical
Situational Factors -elements of the task
-social influences
-environmental influences
NCAA Self-Report Study Sport Ave. Sum of Hours spent per week
on Academics and Athletics in Season
Men’s Baseball 73.7
Men’s Basketball 76.5
Men’s Football – FBS/FCS 81.3/79.8
All Other Men’s Sports 68.0
Women’s Basketball 76.5
All Other Women’s Sports 73.4
NCAA Self-Report Study Sport % of Athletes Reporting Spending
“As Much or More Time” on Academics and Athletics Out of
Season
Men’s Baseball 77
Men’s Basketball 69
Men’s Football – FBS/FCS 70/70
All Other Men’s Sports 61
Women’s Basketball 46
All Other Women’s Sports 57
NCAA Self-Report Study DEPRESSION
Student- Athletes Non-Athletes
Male 21% 27%
Female 28% 33%
* Top Factors Contributing to Depression: Relationships, Stress, Sleep Difficulties, Personal Appearance, Personal Health
NCAA Self-Report Study ANXIETY
Student- Athletes Non-Athletes
Male 31% 40%
Female 48% 56%
* Top Factors Contributing to Depression: Academics, Relationships, Stress, Sleep Difficulties, Personal Appearance, Personal Health
© iPerformance Psychology 2014 © iPerformance Psychology 2014
© iPerformance Psychology 2014
Overall Frequency of Issues
Frequency
Performance 62%
Clinical 58%
Combined 21%
© iPerformance Psychology 2014
Frequency of Performance Concepts
Frequency
Concentration 46%
Energy Management 30%
Emotional Regulation 35%
Confidence 23%
Commitment 17%
Imagery 11%
© iPerformance Psychology 2014
Frequency of General Mental Health Concepts
Frequency
Relational Concerns 56%
Identity Concerns 20%
Values 18%
Anxiety 15%
Depression 9%
© iPerformance Psychology 2014
Frequency of Concerns by Gender
Male Female
Performance 44% 82%
Clinical 79% 35%
Combined 24% 18%
Discussion • What has your experience of SA’s been?
• How are SA’s similar to and different from other
students?
• Where do we go from here?
• What questions do you all have?