it-2 workbook 2013
DESCRIPTION
englishTRANSCRIPT
-
MECHANICS DEPARTMENT
HDA Javi Cerrada
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 2 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Index of contents
My car needs to be serviced
Motorbikes
Vocabulary worksheets
Appendices
o Extra readings
o Extra Grammar
Glossary
Notes
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 3 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Vocabulary worksheets
Automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.
Hub cap: piece of metal covering the hubs.
Tail light: rear light.
Back fender: side rear part of the body that covers the wheel.
Roof post: vertical structure that supports the top of the car.
License plate: piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile.
Window: mounted pane of glass.
Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.
Roof: upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment.
Door post: vertical structures that encase the windows.
Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.
Door: opening used to enter the passenger compartment.
Front fender: side fore part of the body that covers the wheel.
Trunk: place for stowing baggage.
Shield: movable apparatus that protects against bumps.
Indicator light: amber light that is used to signal changes in the car's direction.
Head light: front light of a car.
Quarter window: window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel.
Hood: cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car.
Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window
of a car.
Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.
Grill: plastic or metal decoration over the radiator.
Bumper: apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps.
Windshield: the front window of a car.
Sun roof: movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened.
Door handle: part of the door used to open it.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 4 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Anatomy of an automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting
people.
Alternator: generator that produces an alternating current.
Seat: type of armchair in the passenger compartment of a car.
Tail light: rear light.
Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.
Muffler: device used to reduce engine noise.
Body side moulding: decorative moulding on the side of a car.
Trunk: place for stowing baggage.
Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by friction, by pressing a disk against the
axel of a wheel.
Oil filter: device that removes impurities from oil passing through it.
Window frame: border around a window.
Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.
Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.
Battery: device that generates electric current.
Air filter: device that remove impurities from air passing trough it.
Distributor: case that is used to fire the cylinders.
Windshield washer: liquid used to clean the windows.
Spare wheel: wheel of a car used to replace a damaged wheel.
Steering wheel: device used to handle a car in conjuction with steering and gear systems.
Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear
window of a car.
Transmission: automobile apparatus that transmits mechanical power to the wheels.
Rearview mirror: inside mirror used for looking backward.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 5 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Automobile (view from below): road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for
transporting people.
Crankcase: metal envelope protecting the clutch.
Power steering: mechanism that automatically amplifies the movements of the
steering wheel.
Exhaust system: network of pipes through which spent gas is expelled.
Gas tank: container used for storing extra gas.
Rear axle: bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle. The rear wheels are
attached to its ends.
Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.
Tire: band of rubber composed of a casing of textile and iron, covered with rubber and
containing a air tube.
Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.
Hydraulic converter: device using static energy to modify the electric current.
Differential: gear system connecting the two axles of a car.
Transmission: device carrying engine power to axles.
Shock absorber: device for reducing shocks.
Oil pan: liquid tight metal envelope containing oil.
Master cylinder: type of container in which the piston is moving
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 6 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Automobile dashboard: the control panel of a car. Contains gauges used to measure speed, distance traveled, etc. It is generally located in front of the driver.
Turn signal level: control that operates the turn signals.
Mirror: polished glass object that reflects an image.
Windshield wiper controls: hand lever controlling the windshield wiper.
Rearview mirror: mirror used for looking backward.
Glove compartment: storage compartment at the front of the passenger compartment.
Radio controls: button used to control the radio.
Accelerator pedal: foot-operated control that accelerates a vehicle.
Vent: opening that allows air to circulate in the passenger compartment.
Brake pedal: foot-operated control that slows and stops a vehicle.
Heating controls: button used to control the different heating systems of a car.
Instrument panel: set of dials and pictograms that give information on the state of a vehicle.
Steering column: set of mechanisms used for steering a car.
Cigarette lighter: device used for lighting cigarette.
Sun visor: movable device that shields against the sun.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 7 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Front frame of an automobile: set of metal parts forming the framework supporting
the front wheels.
Rubber pad: elastic plate that absorbs shocks.
Brake: mechanism used to slow or stop a car.
Front frame: the front part of the frame of a car.
Lower control arm: part of the framework that gives flexibility to a car.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 8 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Types of bodies: shell forming the exterior of a car.
Four-door sedan: passenger compartment with four doors and four side windows.
Hatchback: two-door passenger compartment with a door at the back.
Convertible: car with a removable roof.
Limousine: large, six-seated passenger compartment.
Pick-up truck: a small truck.
Hardtop: two-door passenger compartment.
Sports car: small, two-seated automobile.
Van: small vehicle used to carry baggage; a small van.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 9 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Automobile engine: apparatus that converts fuel to mechanical energy to power a car.
Air filter: device that removes impurities from air passing trough it.
Pulley: small wheel with a grooved rim, bitted with a belt, that turns the cooling fan.
PVC hose: vinyl tube.
Cylinder head cover: removable cover on the upper part of the motor.
Spark plug cable: cable connecting the spark plug to the distributor cap.
Filter hole: cylindrical part forming the opening of the oil container.
Spark plug cover: spark plug cover.
Exhaust manifold: system that collects spent gases.
Dip stick: instrument that measures the level of oil in a motor.
Flywheel: wheel that, while turning, regulates the speed of the engine.
Spark plug: ignition device of an internal combustion engine.
Engine block: set consisting the motor, the clutch and the gearbox.
Valve spring: mechanism that keeps the valve closed.
Exhaust pipe: pipe through which spent gas is expelled.
Oil filter: device that removes impurities from oil passing through it.
Gas pump: device that moves gas from the gas tank to the engine.
Oil drain plug: cylindrical part that is removed to drain oil from the engine.
Alternator: generator that enables current in both directions.
Gas line: network of hoses that transports the gas.
Radiator hose: treated rubber tube that connects the lines of a combustion engine.
Fan belt: piece of rubber that wraps around the pulleys and turns the cooling fan.
Water pump: device that circulates water through the radiator.
Fan: apparatus that feed in oxygen the engine's combustion.
Distributor: case that enables engine's ignition.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 10 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Types of motors: devices that transform different types of energy into mechanical
energy, creating motion of an automobile.
Flywheel: wheel that, while turning, regulates the speed of the engine.
Piston rod: rod that transmits the movement of the pistons to the engine.
Crankshaft: collection of rods that transforms the rectilinear displacement of the
pistons into rotary motion.
Counterweight: weight that counterbalances the weight of the cylinder.
Piston: cylindrical part moving up and down un a tube that receives pressure from the
fuel.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 11 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Air filter: device that removes suspended particles from a liquid or gas.
Air filter: apparatus through which air is passed to remove impurities.
Cover: metal part protecting the air filter.
Nut: metal part used to close the cover of the air filter.
Vacuum hose: tubes used to expel air.
Shutter: jointed flap that regulates air intake.
Vacuum control: device that regulates pressure.
Heater pipe: hose that uses the heat of the motor to warm air that enters the filter.
Collar: adjustable metal circle that can be tightened to hold a hose in place.
PVC filter: vinyl filter.
Thermostatic valve: valve used to maintain a constant temperature.
Air intake: place where air enters to be filtered.
Clamp: collar that holds the cover in place
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 12 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Filters for small motors: apparatus used to remove suspended particles from a gas or
liquid.
Washer: round, thin metal part, hollow un the center.
Housing: metal casing protecting the filter.
Wing nut: winged piece of metal, to be turned by thumb and finger.
Foam pad: a mass of spongy material used for filtering a liquid or gas.
Gasket: lining that seals a joint.
Filtering element: part through which liquid passed to be clean of its impurities.
Pan: small container.
Cover: piece of metal closing the filter.
Filter: surface pierced with little holes.
Cover: piece of metal closing the filter.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 13 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Negative terminal: place where a current conducting wire, the cathode, is attached.
Automobile battery: group of similar elements that generates an electric charge.
Plates and separator: thin, flat, rigid separator sheet.
Vent caps: row of screwed-on cylindrical pieces that close the openings of a battery.
Positive terminal: place where a current-conducting wire, the anode, is attached.
Separator: partition that separates the compartments of a battery.
Battery case: casing that protects the parts of a battery.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 14 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Hex nut: hexagonal piece of metal used to screw in a spark plug.
Ceramic insulator: pottery support for the parts that conduct electricity.
Automobile spark plug: electric part generating sparks to ignite an internal
combustion engine.
Spline: hollow channel.
Resistance: device that controls the strength of the current.
Spark plug gap: space separating the current conductors.
Ground electrode: current device that unites the electrodes.
Center electrode: central current conductor.
Terminal: place where a current-conducting wire is attached.
Gasket: spot where two part join together.
Spark plug body: metal part of the spark plug.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 15 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Types of brakes: apparatuses used to slow or stop a moving vehicle.
A - Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by friction, by pressing a disk against the
wheel axel.
B - Drum brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by fiction, by pression brake shoes against a
drum.
Brake lining: frictional part on the outside edges of the brake shoes.
Drum: cylindrical part attached to the wheel, against which the brake shoes are pressed to stop the
car.
Return spring: part of the brake mechanism that returns the brake shoes to their initial
position.
Piston: cylindrical part that transmits the pressure to and receives pressure from the brake
shoes.
Wheel cylinder: type of roller that applies a uniform pressure to the wheel then the brake is
activated.
Brake pads: part activated by the piston.
Wheel hub: central part crossed by the axel.
Stud: metal pin.
Disk: round, flat, piece of metal, pressed against the wheel to slow or stop the car.
Brake line: system liquid-transporting tubes.
Brake shoe: part on which the brake lining is mounted.
Splash shield: protector that prevents dirt from fouling the braking system.
A B
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 16 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Tire: hollow, elastic casing enclosing an air-filled cavity.
Tread pattern: raised designs on the surfaces of a tire.
Side wall: side of the tire.
Radical body cords: arched frame of the tire.
Special high stiffness apex: filling material.
Bead wire: wire moulding a tire.
Belt: layers of different thicknesses that cover the frame of the tire.
Tread design: part of the tire that comes into contact with the road.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 17 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Windshield wiper: mechanical sweeper that wipes water off a windshield.
Arm: movable part.
Articulation: part that attaches the wipes blade to the arm.
Wiper rubber: piece of rubber used to wipe the window.
Blade: part that supports the wiper and is attached to the wiper arm.
Fluted shaft: grooved axle that rotates the wiper arm.
Crank: arm perpendicular to an axel, used to create circular motion.
Pivot: axis of rotation.
Automobile Jack: a device equipped with a crank that is used to raise an automobile.
Lever: solid movable part attached to a fixed point, used to increase an applied force.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 18 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Gasoline pump: device used to dispense gas to car drivers.
Windshield washer: squeegee.
Pump nozzle: apparatus at the end of the pump hose for pouring gas.
Oil display rack: storage rack for oil containers.
Trash can: garbage container.
Pump attendant: person who pump gas.
Safety post: metal post that prevent car from coming too close to the gas pumps.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 19 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Motorcycle: two-wheeled motor vehicle with a capacity greater than 125 cm3.
Tail light: rear light.
Gas tank: container where gas is stored.
Passenger restraint handle: part passengers can grip to hold themselves in place.
Handlebar: metal tube commanding the front wheel.
Headlight: front light.
Telescopic shock absorber: piece formed of two parallel tubes, each consisting of two parts,
one enclosing the other. The wheel is fixed between the tubes.
Dashboard: set of information necessary for the functioning of an apparatus.
Wheel: round object that turns around a central axle and allows a vehicle to advance.
Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a vehicle by friction, by pressing a metal disk
against the axel of a wheel.
Frame: welded set forming the frame.
Main stand: central support, used to hold the motorcycle in a horizontal position.
Aluminum rim: round piece of metal forming the edge of a wheel.
Dual seat: two-person seat.
Exhaust pipe: tube with zigzagging internal passages that reduces the noise made by the
exhaust of spent gases from the motor. It is situated at the rears.
Front mudguard: piece covering the front of wheel and protecting the passenger from
splashes.
Spring suspension: mechanism that absorbs shocks.
Rear mudguard: piece covering the rear wheel and protecting the passenger from splashes.
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 20 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 21 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 22 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 23 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 24 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 25 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 26 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 27 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 28 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 29 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 30 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 31 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 32 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 33 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 34 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING
Be was/were been ser, estar
Become became become llegar a ser,
convertirse
Begin began begun empezar, comenzar
Bring brought brought traer, llevar
Build built built construer
Burn burnt/burned burnt/burned quemar
Buy bought bought comprar
Can could been able (to) poder, saber, ser
capaz
Catch caught caught coger, atrapar
Choose chose chosen elegir, escoger
Come came come venir
Cost cost cost costar
Do did done hacer
Draw drew drawn dibujar
Drink drank drunk beber
Drive drove driven conducir
Eat ate eaten comer
Fall fell fallen caer
Feed fed fed alimentar
Feel felt felt sentir
Find found found encontrar
Forbid forbade forbidden prohibir
Forget forgot forgotten olvidar
Fly flew flown volar, pilotar
Get got got obtener, conseguir
Give gave given dar
Go went gone ir
Have had had tener, haber
Hear heard heard or, escuchar
Hit hit hit golpear
Hold held held sostener, agarrar
Hurt hurt hurt herir, hacer dao
Keep kept kept mantener, seguir
Know knew known saber, conocer
Learn learnt learnt aprender
Leave left left marcharse, abandonar
Lose lost lost perder
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 35 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Make made made hacer, fabricar
Mean meant meant significar, querer decir
Meet met met conocer, encontrarse con alguien
Melt melted melted/molten derretirse, fundirse
Pay paid paid pagar
Put put put poner, colocar
Read read read leer
Run ran run correr
Say said said decir
See saw seen ver
Sell sold sold vender
Send sent sent enviar
Shake shook shaken agitar, sacudir
Share share share compartir
Shave shaved shaved afeitar
Shoot shot shot disparar
Sing sang sung cantar
Sit sat sat sentarse
Sleep slept slept dormer
Smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled oler
Speak spoke spoken hablar
Spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled deletrear
Spend spent spent pasar (tiempo), gastar (dinero)
Spin spun spun girar, dar vueltas
Stand stood stood permanecer, estar de pie
Steal stole stolen robar, hurtar
Stick stuck stuck pegar(se)
Swim swam swum nadar
Take took taken coger, llevar
Teach taught taught dar clases, ensear
Tell told told decir, contar
Think thought thought pensar, creer
Understand understood understood entender, comprender
Wake woke woken despertar
Wear wore worn usar( ropa ), llevar puesto
Wet wet wet humedecer
Win won won ganar
Write wrote written escribir
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 36 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Glossary
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 37 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
-
WORKBOOK Pgina 38 de 38
HDA Mechanics Dptment
Notes