italian language and culture
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Italian Language and Culture. Past and Present. Architecture. Roman architectural idioms of arches, columns and domes - foundations of later Italian architecture The Romanesque style (9th to 11th century) The Renaissance style (the late 14th to the 16th c) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Italian Language and Culture
Past and Present
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Architecture• Roman architectural idioms of
arches, columns and domes - foundations of later Italian architecture
• The Romanesque style (9th to 11th century)
• The Renaissance style (the late 14th to the 16th c)
• The baroque style and Palladianism (16th - 17th c)
• Neoclassical style (18th -19th c)
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Architecture• Romanesque because plenty
of Roman architectural elements were used - Roman arches, stained glass and carved columns.
• Bitono, Bari, Puglia
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Idioms of the Classic Architecture
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Architecture
• The Arch of Constantine with Roman arches and columns
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Architecture• The Renaissance • The revival of the ‘golden age’ -
ancient Rome• Fillipo Brunelleschi built the
largest dome for the Florence cathedral since Roman times.
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Architecture
• Basillica di Sant’Andrea at Mantua designed by Leon Battista Alberti
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Architecture
• Basilica di San Pietro at Rome designed by Michelangelo and Bramante
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Architecture
• Paradianism Buildings by Andrea Palladio• La Rotonda in Vicenza (1570)
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• Square building which looks the same from every side. At the centre there is a dome. On every side there is a portico like a Roman temple.
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Architecture
• 15 July, Erez Golani Solomon• The Ideal Villa: Legacy of Andrea Palladio
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Literature• Italian literature;
literature written in the Italian language since the 14 th century.
• Written in Latin before• Dante Alighieri (1265-
1321)• The Divine Comedy
(1304-7)
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Literature
• Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vitami ritrovai per una selva oscura,ché la diritta via era smarrita
• In the middle of the journey of our lifeI found myself in a dark wood,for the straight way was lost.
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Literature• Francesco Petrarch• Completed ‘sonnet’
form – 14 lines with distinctive rhyming patterns
• Love sonnets • Influenced on all
European poets
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Literature Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st; So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
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Literature 秋の夜は、はるかの彼方に、小石ばかりの、河原があつて、それに陽は、さらさらとさらさらと射してゐるのでありました。
陽といつても、まるで硅石か何かのやうで、非常な個体の粉末のやうで、さればこそ、さらさらとかすかな音を立ててもゐるのでした。
さて小石の上に、今しも一つの蝶がとまり、淡い、それでゐてくつきりとした影を落としてゐるのでした。
やがてその蝶がみえなくなると、いつのまにか、今迄流れてもゐなかつた川床に、水はさらさらと、さらさらと流れてゐるのでありました…… Chuya Nakahara
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Literature
• Giovanni Boccacio• Decameron (1348-53)
a prose collection of 100 stories told by 10 narrators
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Drama
• Comedia del arte – a form of theatre characterized by masked ‘types’ begun in the 16 th century
• Emergence of actress, improvised performance based on sketches or scnearios.
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Drama
• 18 June Takeo Fujikura• Italian Mime and Clown: Comedia del Arte
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Literauture • Gabrielle D’Annunzio • Man of action,
nationalist, literary virtuoso, aesthete, and exhibitionist
• Life and art was a blend of Jacob Burckhardt’s ‘complete man’ and Nietzsche’s ‘superman’
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Literature
• Yukio Mishima enormously influenced by D’Annunzio not only in literature but also in life
• Nationalist, aesthete, exhibitionist, and literary virtuoso.
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Literature
• Literary connection between Italy and Japan
• Love of translated literature in Italy
• Over the half of the fictions published are translations
• 16 April Alessandro Gerevini, The Reception of Japanese Fictions in Italy
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Literature
• Italo Calvino (1923 Cuba – 1985 Siena) Journalist, short-story writer and novelist
• Imaginative and whimsical fables made him one of the most important 20 th century writer.
• 3 June, Italian Fairy Tales and Italo Calvino
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Art
• Giotto – the first artist who painted people, nature and action realistically.
• In the frescos in churches of Assisi, Florence, Padua and Rome, he created life like figures showing real emotions
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Giotto
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Giotto
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Giotto
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Art• The Renaissance (from the late 1400s to the early 1500s) dominated by Michelangelo, Raphael and Leonardo.
• Michelangelo; sculptor, painter, and poet
• The greatest sculptor in history
• Master of portraying the human figure
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Michelangelo
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Michelangelo
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Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel Ceiling
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God dividing light from darkness
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Michelangelo: Creation of the Heavenly Bodies
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Michelangelo: Separation of Land and Water
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Michelangelo: Creation of Adam
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Michelangelo: Creation of Eve
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Michelangelo: Fall of Man and Expulsion from Paradise
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Michelangelo: Sacrifice of Noah
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Michelangelo: The Flood
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Michelangelo: Drunkenness of Noah
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Michelangelo
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Raphael
• Raphael’s paintings are softer, gentler, more poetic, and harmonious.
• Impeccable composition and perfect perspective
• Delicate ‘Madonna’ paintings with young Jesus and his cousin John the Baptist
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Raphael
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Raphael
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Raphael
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Raphael
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Raphael
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Leonardo
• Leonardo, painter and natural scientist
• He embodied the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity
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Leonardo
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Leonardo
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Leonardo
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Art• Michelangelo di Meresi
da Caravaggio• Baroque paintings
combine the realistic observation of human state, both physical and emotional, with dramatic use of lighting
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Caravaggio
• Michelangelo Meresi da Caravaggio: a Revolutionary Artist
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Art• Italian modernist art in the
early 20th century• Giorgio di Chirico• Futurism• Metaphysical Art• 10 June, Helena Chapkova,
Italian Modernist Art
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Music• Italian music – one of
Europe’s supreme expressions of the art
• Gregorian chants – the innovation of modern musical notation in the 11th century
• Dies irae – the Second Coming of Christ and Judgement
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Music• Troubadour and the madrigal
• Palestrina’s polyphonic church music and Monteverdi’s religious and secular music and operas
• Great Italian music tradition
• Polyphonic music by Palestrina
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Music
• Italian Baroque music• Creation of rich tonality,
elaborate musical ornamentation, new instrumental playing techniques
• Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Corelli, Marcello
• Four Seasons
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Music
• Italy – birth place of opera
• Opera was born around 1600 combination of singing, acting, orchestral music, acting and dance
• Recitativo (dialogue) and aria (song)
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Music• Opera of the Golden
Age• Opera of Romantic
Period in the 19th c• Gioacchino Rossini,
Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti & Giacomo Puccini
• La Boheme; Duet
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Music• Giuseppe Verdi (1813-
1901)• 23 April, Seishiro Niwa
Social Background of the Birth of Opera
• Aida, Triumphant March