italian & northern renaissance · • before 1450, italian renaissance & humanism had...
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Italian & Northern
Renaissance
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Sistine Chapel Ceiling
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What is the Renaissance?
• Renaissance = Rebirth (of classical ideas)
• HOW-Economic & Societal Structures changed after Middle Ages, allowing new ideas to emerge
• WHAT-These ideas led to a sustained period of renewed interest & remarkable developments in art, literature, science & learning
• WHY-Arose in Italy in part because of its thriving cities, increased trade & wealthy merchant class
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How did we “escape” the Dark Ages?• Black Death, War/Invasion & Starvation----Not all bad! Unless, you
know, you DIED.
• Enormous loss of life→Farmers producing surpluses→Specialization!
• Food prices decline, people could spend $$ on other things, city-states focused on one good & traded w/neighbors
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Causes of the Renaissance***• Increased trade w/Asia because of the Crusades
– Renewed interest in the classical learning of Ancient Greece & Rome
– Preserved by Muslims
• Growth of large, wealthy city-states (Italy)– Italian Peninsula---why?– Think back to the rise of Rome
• Rise of rich & powerful merchant class– Patrons, or financial supporters, of the arts
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Italy-The Medici
• A wealthy merchant-class developed in each Italian city-state
• The Medici banking family came to dominate Florence– Cosimo de Medici was the
wealthiest European of his time– Grandson Lorenzo de Medici
became great patron of the arts– Patron: someone who
financially supports an artist or the arts
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Renaissance Ideas-Humanism
• Church→Scholastic Education that relied on Religion, unity, not individuality
• Humanism→Emphasis on individuality & achievement; the potential of the human mind is limitless (similar to the Ancient Greeks)
• You could enjoy life (luxuries such as material wealth, expensive art & fine foods…Without offending God!
• Rhetoric, Grammar, Poetry, History, Latin & Greek formed the Humanities, and the movement they inspired was known as Humanism
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Secular Writers
• What does Secular mean? Worldy, non-religious!• Humanist writers argued that individual achievement &
education could be fully expressed only if people used their talents & abilities to service their cities
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Machiavelli & The Prince• Lived in Florence, during a time of
violent struggles for political power
• The Prince -philosophy on governance
• Most people are selfish & corrupt, so….
• Is it better to be feared or loved? Feared, b/c the threat of punishment keeps people in line
• Power more important than Idealism
• The end justifies the means
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Castiglione & the ‘Renaissance Man’
• Universal, accomplished in the classics, but also a man of action who could respond to all situations
• Had to: Speak of serious subjects (not just amusing ones), have a knowledge of Latin & Greek, well-acquainted w/Poetry & History, as well as being able to write Prose & Poetry.
• Castiglione’s Renaissance Man represented the very best of Italian Society at this time…
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CRX_mqpzdU
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Castiglione & the ‘Renaissance Man’
“[A gentleman should] speak not always of serious subjects, but also of amusing things such as games and jests and jokes, according to the occasion. He should always of course, speak out fully and frankly and avoid talking nonsense…
[A gentlewoman should] know how to choose topics suitable for the kind of person she is addressing…She should not introduce jests & jokes into a discussion about serious things. She should not…[pretend] to know what she does not know, but she should seek modestly to win credit for knowing what she does.”
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Italian Renaissance VS the Northern Renaissance
• Before 1450, Italian Renaissance & humanism had little influence outside Italy. It was self-contained: had everything it needed (artists/patrons/$) and conditions welcomed artists so they did not travel out to other parts…
• From the late 15th century (1400s) the ideas spread around Europe. ...eventually making its way toward the North
• Writers and humanists of the Northern Renaissance were greatly influenced by the Italian Renaissance model and were part of the same intellectual movement.... Followed closely by artistic styles
• Thus Italian Renaissance started it all…. then throughcultural diffusion spread to the North where they modified to fit their needs
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Art & Architecture
• Arts reflected the new humanist spirit– Medieval artists focused on religion– Renaissance artists depicted things they observed in
nature
• Patrons– Financial supporters of artists– Wealthy individuals, city governments, Catholic Church– Displayed your Power/Stature
• Development of Perspective– Allowed for 3-Dimensional to be painted on Flat Surfaces
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Renaissance Art VS Medieval Art• Topic: Renaissance art focused on the Human Body -
Both used Religious themes but in the Middle Ages it was more so
• Purpose: Renaissance art was commissioned by wealthy families or churches . In the middle Ages, art was primarily used as decoration (usually churches)
• Style: Renaissance art – Human body was beautiful / uses of lighting and shading/ Realism!!!/ a 3D perspective develops. In the middle Ages, art was flat, DARK (coloring) /clothed religious figures
• Materials Used: Renaissance – Oil on canvass and Marble sculptures (& some frescos) Middle Ages-Some oil / mostly tempera paint base/Illustrated manuscripts
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The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
were named after 4
Renaissance Masters
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Leonardo da Vinci• True Representation of a
Renaissance Man• Could do it all, and did!
• Painter, writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, musician & philosopher
• 20,000 pages w/notes recording his ideas for building an armored tank, flying machine, sketches of human anatomy, designs for the 1st machine gun
• Da Vinci’s Journal Writing Techinque-http://www.msichicago.org/scrapbook/scrapbook_exhibits/leonardo/handwriting/index.html
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Mona Lisa
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Mona Lisa---Who was she?
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Last Supper
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Michelangelo• Renaissance sculptor who studied
human anatomy in an effort to make his statues more lifelike
• David• Pieta• Sistine Chapel
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Pieta-sculpture of Mary, the mother of Jesus, holding her son after his death; themes of grief, love, acceptance & immortality
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Sistine Chapelhttp://vatican.com/tour/sistine_chapel_3D
About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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Creation of AdamCreation of Eve
Separation of Light and Darkness The Last Judgment
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Raphael
• Renowned painter & architect; • The School of Athens-Fresco that shows Plato & Aristotle
surrounded by Philosophers from the past and present who were admired by humanists
• Many paintings of the Madonna, or mother of Jesus
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Alexander the Great & Socrates
Plato and Aristotle
Raphael (back)→
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DONATELLO• Italian sculptor of the
Renaissance.• Known for St. George
(Sculpture) & Equestrian Statue
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Jan Van Eyck• Jan van Eyck was a Flemish painter- one of the most
significant representatives of Early Northern Renaissance art
• Did a lot of Religious themed paintings
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Albrecht Durer• Albrecht Durer was regarded as
the greatest German Renaissance artist.
• His work includes altarpieces, portraits and self-portraits, engravings, and woodcuts.
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Desiderius Erasmus• Dutch Christian
humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance.
• Originally trained as a Catholic priest
• Erasmus was an important figure in classical education who wrote in a pure Latin style. But thought the bible should be in Vernacular
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Sir Thomas More• English lawyer, social
philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist.
• He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.
• Most known for his Book, UTOPIA
• Utopia is a work of fiction and socio-political satire
• Utopia tells of a fictional island society and its religious, social, and political customs
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Shakespeare• English poet, playwright and
actor.• widely regarded as the
greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist.
• That is the greatest all timenot just during therenaissance
• Plays include: Romeo & Juliet,Hamlet, Macbeth, the Tempest, King Lear….list goes on and on