Waste Cooking Fuel for Jeepneys Evaluation and Business

Development

J.B.Manuel M. Biona, Ph.D.Director, Center for Research and Training

Don Bosco Technical College

Contents• Background of the Project• Objectives• Components and Status• Realizations and Future Challenges

Introduction• Philippine is dependent on imported oil• Country is vulnerable to world oil situation• Public transport is sensitive to oil prices• Public Transport like Jeepneys are very inefficient

and major source of global and local pollution• A lot of technologies were offered but very limited

third party and valid evaluation – Waste Cooking Oil Fuel Technology

Waste Cooking Oil as ICE Fuel• More Viscous Than Diesel• Lower Heating Value• Fatty Acids

Waste Cooking Oil Fuel Technologies in the Market• Waste Cooking Oil Based Blending• 100% Waste Cooking Oil Fuel with Pre-Heater• Straight Waste Cooking Oil Blending

Project Objectives• Evaluate based on the life cycle assessment and

cost framework the economic and environmental benefits / impacts of these technologies;

• Formulate and demonstrate a waste cooking oil collection and processing technology and business strategy to provide additional monetary benefits to the jeepney drivers; and

• Disseminate results for possible replication in other areas.

Project Components• Technology Testing and Evaluation• Development of Waste Cooking Oil

Processing Equipment• Advocacy, Business Planning and

Development• Organizational Development• Results Dissemination

Technology Testing and Evaluation• Laboratory Testing• Field Testing• LCA and LCC Cost Modeling

Laboratory Testing• Power Curve test• Steady State Testing ( Fuel Consumption and

Fuel Consumption )• Testing has been done but not yet completed

due to some equipment problems

Field Testing• Purpose : Fuel Consumption, Economics and

Durability Issues• Test Site: Los Banos, Laguna• Started in August and On-going• Oil provided by Chowking, Jollibee and barangays• Normal Operation• First Month – Baseline• Succeeding Months - Technology

Field Testing Findings• Waste Cooking Oil Bio-diesel Blending

Mean Stdev Remarks

Baseline ( Diesel ) 3.91 0.24 Newly overhauled but low power was observed

10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 4.19 0.41 Immediately after starting, black smoke was observed but disappaers after some time. Low power continued to be observed.

10% Blend ( After Repair ) 3.53 0.18 Power improved but fuel consumption increased due to high idle speed. Gray smoke was observed during start-up.

20% Blend ( After Repair ) 4.13 0.51 Idle speed still high. Gray smoke continued to be observed and worsened when the new batch of bio-diesel was used. Engine temperature also observed to be higher. Engine vibration increased.

Field Testing Findings• Straight Waste Cooking Oil Blending

Mean Stdev Remarks

Baseline ( Diesel ) 9.8 0.18

10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 9.49 1.71 Increased vibration and periodic reduction of power.Gray smoke

20% Blend ( After Repair ) 11.73 1.77 Engine performance initially is not stable. Hard starting and increased vibration. Fuel filter easily clogged.

Field Testing Findings• 100% Waste Cooking Oil with Pre-heating

Mean Stdev Remarks

Baseline ( Diesel ) 3.9 0.19

10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 2.81 0.29 Elevated engine temperature and power reduction was observed with the prolonged use of waste cooking oil. When the fuel is shifted to diesel, tailpipe emissions increases for some time and disappears afterwhich engine performance normalizes. Clogging in the fuel filter was also observed.

Challenges• Ensure the quality of waste cooking oil

collected• Isolate the problem ( vehicle or fuel )• Evaluate processing efficiency and storage

practices

SNODLOB office

Waste Cooking Oil Processing Equipment• Filtering and Moisture Reduction• Bio-Diesel Conversion

Advocacy, Business Planning and Development• Legislation• Collection System and Processing• Feasibility Study• Multi-Stakeholder Coalition

Organizational Development• Multi-Stakeholder Coalition during testing• Multi-Stakeholder Coalition during

Technology Commercial Roll-out

Results Dissemination• Project Dissemination Booklet• Conference Presentations• Journal Publications

Commercialization Barriers• Varying quality of waste cooking oil• Possible increase in waste cooking oil price

when technology is commercialized• Bio-Diesel Standards Issue• Spill-over effects

Field Testing Findings• 100% Waste Cooking Oil with Pre-Heating

Mean Stdev Remarks

Baseline ( Diesel ) 3.9 0.19

100% Cooking Oil 2.81 0.29 Increased vibration and periodic reduction of power.Gray smoke

Realization• Its important to involve the sectors

concerned in the technology development and deployment process.

• In most cases the challenge is not so much in Research and Development but in Deployment

30 yrs old na ang makina ng jeep ko sabi nga ng mekaniko ko di na dapat sumali sa ganitong experimento delikado sa makina…..Alam niyo naman ito lang ang kinabubuhay namin pag nagkaproblema ang jeep ko gutom ang pamilya ko…

Paul Castillo with last minute apprehensions before the start of the testing protocol discussions

Danny measuring out 1 liter of filtered Danny measuring out 1 liter of filtered centrifuged used cooking oil to mix with 9 centrifuged used cooking oil to mix with 9 liters of diesel for Paul Castillo’s jeepneyliters of diesel for Paul Castillo’s jeepney

After more talks and reassurances about the benefits of using waste cooking oil Paul is ready to risk his jeepney for the 2 months trial

Danny Bilon is more comfortable to try his jeepney on 20% biodiesel blend

Jopot and Danny trying the signage on his jeepney

Indeed every drop counts for Danny’s jeepney which has a baseline km/li of 4 to 5Indeed every drop counts for Danny’s jeepney which has a baseline km/li of 4 to 5

After our exercise on computing baseline km per li of his jeepney ( which was incredibly low at only 1-2) Paul is ready to attach the jeepney signage

now ready to try a radical option for the benefit of the environment the IBOP project and the SNODLOB cooperative and their families

coop chairman danny lescano helping install the signage

Bravely smiling this is it!

Paul Castillo, Danny Bilon, Danny Lescano - the pioneers of alternative fuel for jeepneys in los banos

Jopot Pesquisa vice chairman and main office support

Celso Benecero driver for chairman Danny’s jeepney with baseline km/li of 8

Danny’s jeepney runs on 100% waste cooking oil ( filtered and de watered) no more smoke belching observed

Celso reports to Danny the very observable changes in engine running condition- stronger pull ( hatak) and smoother quieter run

Thank You Very Much !!