italy vs united kingdom

ITALIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM

TYPE OF GOVERNMENT :

• DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC : In 1946, Italy became a Republic after the results of a popular referendum and the Constituent Assembly was elected at the same time

President:SERGIO MATTARELLA

BRITISH POLITICAL SYSTEM

• CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY: a parliamentary democracy with monarch as head of state

• Parliamentary Government: a system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature

• Queen:Elizabeth II

THE SEPARATION OF POWERSThe basic principle of the United Kingdom’s costitution is the

separation of powers among the various branches of government:

The QUEEN is the head of state The PARLIAMENT is the supreme legislative authorityThe EXECUTIVE consists of the Prime Minister and the

ministersThe JUDICIARY is concerned with the administration of justice

LEGISLATIVE POWER

The House of Lords has limited political because its members are ot elected by the people but are either hereditary (Hereditary Peers) or appointed for life by the sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister (Life Peers). The members are divided into Lords Temporal (Hereditary Peers and Life Peers ) and Lords Spiritul (Archbischops and Senior Bishops).

The House of Commons is presided over by the Lord Speaker, who is elected by the house.This house is the real centre of legislative power in Britain, the members are elected by univesal adult suffrage. Elections to the house are of two:General elections, when one parliament has been dissolved, a new summoned.By-elections,when there is a vacancy occors for death or resignation of member. The presidet of the House of Commons is the Speaker.

Parliament represents the highest level of political debate and is the supreme legislative authority in the country. Its main function are:To pass law, to vote taxation, to control the government.

The British Parliament consist of two Houses:The House of Lords (730/740 peers and peeresses) The House of Commons (650

members )

EXECUTIVE POWERThe Government is the center of the executive. The head of the

Government is the Prime minister who is appointed by the Queen.

The Cabinet is a coalition government and they meet in a large room at 10 Downing Street. Government departments are the main instruments for giving effect to government policy. The

principal departments are the Treasury, the Foreign Office and the Home office.

The main opposition party in Parliament forms the Shadow Cabinet.

JUDICIAL POWERThe judicial power is exercised by the Law Courts, which are

divided into Criminal Courts and Civil Courts.The British Constitution is characterized by the absence of a

complete written code (it takes from Magna Charta). In fact the main sources of English law are common law and legislation.

THE SEPARATION OF POWERS Politics of Italy is conducted through a constitutional republic with a multi-

party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and

promulgated on 1 January 1948. The EXECUTIVE is exercised collectively by the Council of Ministers, which is

led by the Prime Minister, officially referred to as President of the Council. The LESIGLATIVE is vested in the two houses of parliament primarily, and

secondarily on the Council of Ministers, which can introduce bills and holds the majority in the parliament.

The JUDICIARY is independent of the executive and the legislative branches. It is headed by the High Council of the Judiciary. The President is the head

of state, though his position is separate from all branches.

LEGISLATIVE POWERCHAMBER OF DEPUTIES SENATE

The Chamber of Deputies is elected by direct and universal suffrage by voters who are eighteen or older.

There are 630 deputies, twelve of which are elected in the overseas constituencies. All voters who are twenty-five or older on election day are eligible to be deputies.

The Senate is elected by direct and universal suffrage by voters who are twenty-five or older. There are 315 senators, six of whom are elected in the overseas constituencies. There are also a number of senators for life, such as former Presidents and up to five citizens appointed by the President for having brought honor to the nation with their achievements. All voters who are forty or older on election day are eligible to be senators. According to a recent law, the Senate will cont only 100 members, chosen by the Regions

The Parliament has a bicameral system, and consists of the Chamber of deputies and the Senate, elected every five years.

EXECUTIVE POWERThe Constitution establishes the Government of Italy as composed of the

President of the Council (Prime Minister) and Ministers. The President of Italy appoints the Prime Minister and, on his proposal, the Ministers that

form its cabinet. The appointee is usually the leader of the majority coalition that won the election but it can also be a person instructed by the President to form a national unity government in times of crisis for the nation. Either way, the government must receive the confidence of

both Houses, so the Executive derives its legitimacy from the Parliament and the great number of political parties forces the Prime

Minister to bend to their will. If the majority coalition no longer supports the government, the Prime Minister can be ousted with a vote of no confidence,

and a new government must be formed, or new elections scheduled.

JUDICIAL POWERThe JUDICIARY is a branch that is completely autonomous and

independent of all other branches of power, even though the Minister of Justice is responsible for the organization and

functioning of those services involved with justice. It has the power to originate disciplinary actions against judges,

which are then administered by the Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura, presided over by the President.

V E AFM ITCG ENRICO FERMI - TIVOLI (Roma)

LAVORO SVOLTO DA:VINCENZO DELLA MONICA

LORENZO GIULIANI MIRKO PANCI

VITTORIO EMANUELE GIULIANO HAO CHEN

RICCARDO SALVATI RICCARDO RIVELLI

Docente: ROSA DE LUCA