itg: cost/benefit case for the ibm ds8800 systems: comparing costs for ds8800 and emc vmax systems

8/3/2019 ITG: Cost/Benefit Case for the IBM DS8800 Systems: Comparing Costs for DS8800 and EMC VMAX Systems

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/itg-costbenefit-case-for-the-ibm-ds8800-systems-comparing-costs-for-ds8800 1/25

Ecqeg`w7?66

KFNFL@K@NQGWI@B

Cesq%G`n`biq Cfs` bew

IGK Sysq`k Sqewfl` AS88??

Cekpfwinl Cesqs bew IGK AS88?? fna

@KC Sykk`qwix RKFX Sysq`ks

Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep2?9 _fcibic Fr`n`$ Siq` 6?7Sfnqf Cw}$ Cfdibewnif 90?2?+11?2

Q`d`phen`= * 836+17<+972?

@kfid= CenqfcqOIQLbewInbe.cek

\`gsiq`= IQLbewInbe.cek



Cepywilhq © 7?66 gy qh` Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep. Fdd wilhqs w`s`wrà. Kfq`wifd$ in |hed` ew pfwq$ cenqfinà in qhis aeck`nq kfy neq g`

w`pweacà ew aisqwigqà gy fny k`fns ew in fny bewk$ incdainl ewilinfd$ |iqheq qh` pwiew |wiqq`n p`wkissien eb qh` Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely

Lwep (IQL). Inbewkfqien hfs g``n egqfinà bwek sewc`s fsskà w`difgd` fna w`bd`cqs cencdsiens fq qh` qik`. Qhis aeck`nq |fs a`r`depàiqh Inq`wnfqienfd Gsin`ss Kfchin`s Cewpewfqien (IGK) bnainl. Fdqhelh qh` aeck`nq kfy qidi}` pgdicdy frfidfgd` kfq`wifd bwek rfwies

sewc`s$ incdainl IGK$ iq ae`s neq n`c`ssfwidy w`bd`cq qh` pesiqiens eb sch sewc`s en qh` iss`s faaw`ssà in qhis aeck`nq. Kfq`wifd cenqfinàfna cencdsiens pw`s`nqà in qhis aeck`nq fw` sgm`cq qe chfnl` |iqheq neqic`. Fdd |fwwfnqi s fs qe qh` fccwfcy$ cekpd`q`n`ss ew fa`vfcy eb sch kfq`wifd fw` aiscdfikà. Qh`w` shfdd g` ne difgidiqy bew `wwews$ ekissiens ew infa`vfci`s in qh` kfq`wifd cenqfinà in qhis aeck`nq ew bew

inq`wpw`qfqiens qh`wèb. Qwfa`kfwjs incdaà in qhis aeck`nq fw` qh` pwep`wqy eb qhìw w`sp`cqir` e|n`ws.



Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep i

QFGD@ EB CENQ@NQS

@X@CPQIR@ SPKKFWY 6 Chfdd`nl`s fna Eppewqniqi s 6 Cesq Bfcqews 7 @KC BFSQ R_ fna IGK @fsy Qi`w 3 Er`wri`| 0 @KC Sykk`qwix RKFX 2

RKFX Sysq`ks 2 RKFX` Sysq`ks <

IGK AS88?? 8 Er`wri`| 8

SBB fna SFS+7 8

Spfc` Wàcqien 8 @n`wly fna Ceedinl 6? Eqh`w Fw`fs 66

SSAS FNA QI@WINL 63 L`n`wfd _icqw` 63 Sqewfl` Qi`winl 63

@KC BFSQ R_ 61 IGK @fsy Qi`w 60 Awir` Gd`nas 62

A@QFID@A AFQF 6< Insqfddfqiens fna Sc`nfwies 6< Cesq Cfdcdfqiens 69 Cesq Gw`fjae|ns 7?

Disq eb Bilpw`s

6. Fr`wfl` Qhw``+y`fw RKFX fna AS88?? Cesqs – Cenr`nqienfd Sc`nfwies 6

7. Fr`wfl` Qhw``+y`fw RKFX fna AS88?? Cesqs – Qi`wà Sc`nfwies 7

3. L`n`wfd Cekpfwisen eb @KC RKFX fna IGK AS88?? Sysq`ks 0 1. @KC Sykk`qwix RKFX` fna RKFX Sysq`ks – Skkfwy <

0. Nkg`w eb Aisjs p`w Bwfk` – @xfkpd` 9

2. Bdeew Spfc` Eccpià gy IGK AS88?? fna @KC RKFX Sysq`ks – @xfkpd` 9

<. Afqf C`nq`w @n`wly Censkpqien gy Qyp` eb @vipk`nq – Ps`w @xfkpd` 6?

8. Afqf C`nq`w HeqCeda Fisd` Dfyeq – @xfkpd` 66

9. AS88?? Farfncà Cfchinl Fdlewiqhks 67

6?. @KC BFSQ Cfch` fna BFSQ R_ 61

66. BFSQ R_ Kfnfl`k`nq Rfwifgd`s – @xfkpd`s 60

67. @KC BFSQ R_ _`wbewkfnc` Q`sqs – Skkfwy 62

63. Insqfddfqiens Skkfwy – Gsin`ss _webid`s 6<

61. Sebq|fw` _weacqs @kpdeyà in Fdd Cekpfwisens 6<

60. Insqfddfqiens Skkfwy – Cenr`nqienfd Sc`nfwies 68

62. Insqfddfqiens Skkfwy – Qi`wà Sc`nfwies 69

6<. Qhw``+y`fw Cesq Gw`fjae|ns – Cenr`nqienfd Cekpfwisens 7?

68. Qhw``+y`fw Cesq Gw`fjae|ns – Qi`wà Cekpfwisens 76



Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep 6

@X@CPQIR@ SPKKFWY

Chfdd`nl`s fna Eppewqniqi`s

Fq y`fw`na 7??0$ qh` fr`wfl` P.S. Bewqn` 0?? cewpewfqien cenqfinà fwena 60? q`wfgyq`s (QG) eb s`wr`w aisj sqewfl`. Gy y`fw`na 7?6?$ qhis hfa incw`fsà qe kew` qhfn 9??QG. En cww`nq qw`nas$ iq |idd `xc`à

bir` p`qfgyq`s (0$???QG) gy y`fw`na 7?61. Bew kesq ewlfni}fqiens$ kfnflinl lwe|qh hfs g`cek` qh`nkg`w en` sqewfl` pwiewiqy.

Qh` `d`k`nqs eb f sedqien fw` `k`wlinl. Qh` sqewfl` inasqwy hfs `nq`wà f p`wiea eb npw`cà`nqà

chfnl`. Riwqfdi}fqien (f.j.f. qhin pwerisieninl)$ sedia sqfq` awir`s (SSAs)$ n`fwdin` a`ric`s$ qi`winlsqwfq`li`s$ aàpdicfqien fna eqh`w n`| cfpfgidiqi`s ebb`w qh` peq`nqifd bew kfmew `bbici`ncy lfins.

Gq qh`w` is f ae|nsia`. Fq f qik` |h`n sqewfl` |ewjdefas fw` lwe|inl kew` cekpd`x$ qh`w` fw`

|ia`spw`fa nc`wqfinqi`s fs qe |hich q`chnedeli`s sheda g` `kpdeyà$ in |hfq kfnn`w$ bew qh` lw`fq`sq g`n`biq. @xp`cqfqiens fw` ebq`n `xfll`wfqà. Inq`lwfqien$ epqiki}fqien fna kfnfl`k`nq eb incw`fsinldy

air`ws` fppdicfqien fna q`chnedely pewqbedies pes` n`| chfdd`nl`s.

Qh`s` iss`s fw` pfwqicdfwdy silnibicfnq bew qh` hilh+`na aisj sysq`ks qhfq$ in dfwl` ewlfni}fqiens$ sppewqqh` kesq gsin`ss+cwiqicfd |ewjdefas. Ps`ws eb qh`s` w`kfin cens`wrfqir`. K``qinl p`wbewkfnc` a`kfnas$

kfinqfininl s`wric` d`r`ds fna `nswinl `nq`wpwis`+cdfss frfidfgidiqy fna w`cer`wfgidiqy w`kfin er`wwiainl pwiewiqi`s. Q`chnedelicfd chfnl` fna cesq cenqwed ksq eccw |iqheq mèpfwai}inl qh`k.

Qhis ae`s neq k`fn$ he|`r`w$ qhfq n`| q`chnedeli`s cfnneq g` inqweacà$ ew qhfq cesqs cfnneq g`

cenqfinà. Hilh+`na sysq`ks fccenq bew f dfwl` pfwq eb ewlfni}fqienfd sqewfl` `xp`naiqw`s. Ib wisj iss`sfw` pwep`wdy faaw`ssà$ qh`y kfy w`pw`s`nq f kfmew eppewqniqy bew cesq sfrinls.

Qhis w`pewq a`fds |iqh qhis eppewqniqy. Sp`cibicfddy$ iq cekpfw`s qhw``+y`fw cesqs bew s` eb IGK Sysq`k

Sqewfl` AS88?? fna @KC Sykk`qwix RKFX sysq`ks.

Cekpfwisens fw` pw`s`nqà bew cenr`nqienfd sc`nfwies$ in |hich sysq`ks fw` `vippà |iqh sqfnafwahilh+p`wbewkfnc` awir`s$ fna bew qi`wà sc`nfwies sinl @KC Bddy Fqekfqà Sqewfl` Qi`winl bew

Riwqfd _eeds (BFSQ R_) fna IGK @fsy Qi`w R3.

In qhw`` dfwl` insqfddfqiens in binfncifd s`wric`s$ kfnbfcqwinl fna IQ s`wric`s cekpfni`s$ cesqs bew s` eb AS88?? sysq`ks `vippà |iqh cenr`nqienfd hilh+p`wbewkfnc` awir`s fr`wfl` 78 p`wc`nq d`ss qhfn bew RKFX `virfd`nqs. Bilw` 6 skkfwi}`s qh`s` w`sdqs.

Bilw` 6= Fr`wfl` Qhw``+y`fw RKFX fna AS88?? Cesqs – Cenr`nqienfd Sc`nfwies

Bew qi`wà sc`nfwies$ qhw``+y`fw cesqs bew s` AS88?? sysq`ks |iqh @fsy Qi`w R3 fr`wfl` 36 p`wc`nq d`ssqhfn bew RKFX `virfd`nqs |iqh BFSQ R_. Bilw` 7 skkfwi}`s qh`s` w`sdqs.

@KCRKFX

IGKAS88??

! Kiddiens

Hfwa|fw` Sebq|fw` Sebq|fw` sppewq Afqf c`nq`w

7?.?

7<.2




Bilw` 7= Fr`wfl` Qhw``+y`fw RKFX fna AS88?? Cesqs – Qi`wà Sc`nfwies

In cenr`nqienfd sc`nfwies$ RKFX sysq`ks fw` cenbilwà |iqh 3??LG Big`w Chfnn`d (BC) awir`sep`wfqinl fq 60$??? w`redqiens p`w kinq` (60J wpk). AS88?? sysq`ks `kpdey 3??LG S`wifd Fqqfchà

SCSI 7.? (SFS+7) 60J wpk awir`s. AS88?? SFS+7 awir`s fw` 7.0+inch Skfdd Bewk Bfcqew (SBB) a`ric`s.

In qi`wà sc`nfwies$ geqh pdfqbewks fw` cenbilwà fs bdd qhw``+qi`w sysq`ks `vippà |iqh sedia sqfq`

awir`s (SSAs). In faaiqien$ RKFX sysq`ks `kpdey 3??LG BC 60J wpk fna 7QG SFQF <.7J wpk.AS88?? sysq`ks fdse `kpdey 3??LG SFS+7 60J wpk SBB fna 3QG n`fwdin` SFS+7 <.7J wpk a`ric`s.

In geqh s`qs eb sc`nfwies$ cenbilwfqiens incda` ep`wfqinl sysq`ks$ qi`winl$ peinq+in+qik` cepy$kdqipfqhinl fna$ |h`w` fppwepwifq`$ w`fd+qik` w`pdicfqien fna w`cer`wy sebq|fw`. Hfwa|fw` fna sebq|fw`cesqs fw` gfsà en —sqw``q‛ pwic`s: i.`.$ aiscenqà pwic`s w`pewqà gy s`ws.

Cenbilwfqiens in qi`wà sc`nfwies fw` gfsà en s`w `xp`wi`nc`s$ sppd`k`nqà gy r`naew q`sq w`sdqs fnalia`din`s bew qi`wà `nriwenk`nqs. Cenbilwfqiens |`w` `sqfgdishà gfsà en fppdicfqien$ |ewjdefas fna p`wbewkfnc` fna s`wric` d`r`d w`viw`k`nqs bew inairiafd sysq`ks in `fch insqfddfqien.

Cfdcdfqiens incda` hfwa|fw` fcvisiqien$ sebq|fw` dic`ns`s fna (bew RKFX sysq`ks) kfinq`nfnc` fna

afqf c`nq`w cesqs incdainl eccpfncy$ `n`wly fna inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq. Hfwa|fw` kfinq`nfnc` is neq

incdaà$ fs @KC ebb`ws f sqfnafwa qhw``+y`fw 71x< |fwwfnqy$ fna AS88?? cfdcdfqiens fw` gfsà en IGK|fwwfnqy epqiens pweriainl cekpfwfgd` cer`wfl`. AS88?? sebq|fw` kfinq`nfnc` is neq incdaà fs

cfdcdfqiens fw` flfin gfsà en qhw``+y`fw$ 71x< IGK sebq|fw` |fwwfnqy epqiens.

Qh` gfsis eb qh`s` cfdcdfqiens$ fdenl |iqh a`qfids eb insqfddfqiens$ cenbilwfqiens fna pwicinlk`qheaedely$ kfy g` bena in qh` A`qfidà Afqf s`cqien eb qhis w`pewq. Cesq gw`fjae|ns bew insqfddfqiens

fna sc`nfwies fw` fdse pw`s`nqà in qhis s`cqien.

Cesq Bfcqews

De|`w qhw``+y`fw cesqs bew AS88?? sysq`ks fw` a` qe q|e kfin bfcqews=

6. _wicinl pwfcqic`s. Fdqhelh iniqifd @KC pwchfs` pwic`s bew hfwa|fw` fna sebq|fw` kfy g`sikidfw qe ew de|`w qhfn AS88?? `virfd`nqs$ qh` cekpfny q`nas qe chfwl` kew` bew dfq`w

plwfa`s. Bew `xfkpd`$ disq pwic`s bew aisj niqs fw` weqin`dy 1? p`wc`nq hilh`w bew plwfa`s$ fnaswchfwl`s `xq`na qe f |ia` wfnl` eb eqh`w hfwa|fw` fna sebq|fw` cekpen`nqs.

Ps`w `xp`wi`nc`s inaicfq` qhfq IGK pwicinl q`nas qe g` kew` censisq`nq er`w qik`$ |iqh qh` w`sdqqhfq cesq cekpfwisens er`w qhw``+y`fw ew denl`w p`wieas q`na qe bfrew AS88?? sysq`ks.

@KCRKFX

IGKAS88??

! Kiddiens

Hfwa|fw` Sebq|fw` Sebq|fw` sppewq Afqf c`nq`w

73.?

33.7




In cesq cfdcdfqiens pw`s`nqà in qhis w`pewq$ fdde|fnc` |fs kfa` bew fnnfd cfpfciqy lwe|qh wfq`s

eb g`q|``n 60 fna 30 p`wc`nq bew qh` binfncifd s`wric`s cekpfny$ 7? qe 10 p`wc`nq bew qh`kfnbfcqwinl cekpfny fna 7? qe 1? p`wc`nq bew qh` IQ s`wric`s cekpfni`s$ a`p`nainl en

fppdicfqiens. In ewlfni}fqiens `xp`wi`ncinl hilh`w lwe|qh$ cesq aispfwiqi`s in bfrew eb AS88???

sysq`ks kfy g` dfwl`w.

Iq sheda g` `kphfsi}à qhfq aiscenqs ebb`wà gy @KC fna IGK rfwy |ia`dy g`q|``n

ewlfni}fqiens. Qh` pwicinl `kpdeyà in qhis w`pewq kfy qhs neq ceww`spena qe qhfq `xp`wi`ncà gy inairiafd csqek`ws.

7. Hfwa|fw` q`chnedeli`s. AS88?? sysq`ks sppewq s` eb SFS+7 SBB awir`s. Fdqhelh qh`s` hfr` g``n |ia`dy faepqà gy r`naews eb skfdd fna kiawfnl` fwwfys$ IGK is qh` biwsq kfmew r`naew qehfr` inqweacà qh`k inqe f hilh+`na aisj sysq`k. @KC hfs fnnencà pdfns qe ae qh` sfk`.

SFS+7 q`chnedely is silnibicfnqdy bfsq`w qhfn `fwdi`w l`n`wfqien SFS awir`s `kpdeyà in redk` pweacqs. Qh` cenn`cqien sp`à hfs aegdà – bwek 3 qe 2 Lgps. In cekpfwisen$ cww`nq+

l`n`wfqien BC awir`s `kpdeyà in RKFX sysq`ks cenqin` qe `kpdey 1 Lgps sp`às. Qh` n`xq+

l`n`wfqien SFS+7 sp`cibicfqien |idd geesq sp`à qe 67 Lgps.

Qh` SFS+7 peinq+qe+peinq cenn`cqien k`qhea fdse l`n`wfq`s d`ss sysq`k er`wh`fa qhfn Bigw`Chfnn`d Fwgiqwfqà Deep (BC+FD) q`chnedely. Kewèr`w$ BC+FD er`wh`fa q`nas qe `xpfna |h`n

sek` awir`s in f deep fw` silnibicfnqdy bfsq`w qhfn eqh`ws. Qh` p`wbewkfnc` ikpfcq is qhs

cekpfwfqir`dy hilh |h`n SSAs fw` cekginà |iqh eqh`w qyp`s eb awir`.

In faaiqien$ qh` 7.0+inch bewk bfcqew `nfgd`s kfmew spfc` sfrinls – in AS88?? sysq`ks$ q|`nqy+

bew 7.0+inch awir`s eccpy qh` sfk` wfcj spfc` fs sixq``n 3.0+inch a`ric`s – fna p|fwa eb 3? p`wc`nq de|`w `n`wly censkpqien.

Qh` geqqek+din` silnibicfnc` eb spfc` fna `n`wly `ceneki`s is ebq`n na`w`sqikfqà. Ib

fdde|fnc` is kfa` bew er`wfdd afqf c`nq`w inbwfsqwcqw`s$ eccpfncy fna `n`wly cesqs kfy g`qhw`` ew kew` qik`s hilh`w qhfn bew aisj sysq`ks fden`.

Sqfnafwai}à cesq p`w svfw` beeq fsskpqiens kfy fdse kisd`fa. Censqwcqien fna ep`wfqinlcesqs bew Qi`w 1 afqf c`nq`ws$ |hich qypicfddy hes` gsin`ss+cwiqicfd sysq`ks in dfwl`

ewlfni}fqiens$ fw` – gy |ia` kfwlins – hilh`w qhfn bew qh` d`ss sephisqicfqà bfcidiqi`s qhfq b`fqw`

in kesq inasqwy QCE k`qheaedeli`s.

W`bd`cqinl q`chnedely aibb`w`nc`s$ afqf c`nq`w cesqs bew cenr`nqienfd fna qi`wà AS88?? sc`nfwies

fr`wfl` 33 fna 32 p`wc`nq d`ss w`sp`cqir`dy qhfn RKFX `virfd`nqs.

Fdqhelh er`wfdd qhw``+y`fw cesqs bew geqh pdfqbewks fw` kfwlinfddy hilh`w bew qi`wà qhfn bew cenr`nqienfd

sc`nfwies$ cekpfwfqir` cesq sqwcqw`s fw` l`n`wfddy sikidfw. In qi`wà sc`nfwies$ de|`w AS88?? fna @fsyQi`w cesqs w`bd`cq qh` sfk` bfcqews fs bew cenr`nqienfd sc`nfwies$ fs |`dd fs cesqs eb BFSQ R_ sebq|fw`

fna sppewq. @fsy Qi`w is f ne+chfwl` b`fqw`.

@KC BFSQ R_ fna IGK @fsy Qi`w

Fllw`ssir` @KC cdfiks bew p`wbewkfnc` ikpwer`k`nqs fna cesq wàcqiens qhfq kfy g` w`fdi}à qhwelhBFSQ R_ hfr` awf|n f lw`fq a`fd eb inasqwy fqq`nqien.

@KC hfs w`pewqà sqwenl lwe|qh in a`kfna sinc` BFSQ R_ |fs inqweacà in Mfnfwy 7?66. Awinl

s`cena vfwq`w 7?66$ bew `xfkpd`$ kew` qhfn 9? p`wc`nq eb RKFX sysq`ks |`w` sfia qe hfr` shippà|iqh BFSQ sebq|fw`$ SSAs fna SFQF awir`s.




@vfddy$ he|`r`w$ IGK cdfiks qhfq fwena 0? p`wc`nq eb AS8<?? fna AS88?? s`ws hfr` fcqirfqà @fsy

Qi`w$ fna iq cfn g` `xp`cqà qhfq faepqien wfq`s |idd incw`fs` bedde|inl qh` inqweacqien eb @fsy Qi`w R3.

Cd`fwdy$ geqh sedqiens hfr` pwerà fqqwfcqir` qe s`ws. Ewlfni}fqiens hfr` g``n fgd` qe `xpdeiq qh` peq`nqifd eb SSAs qe ikpwer` p`wbewkfnc` fna wàc` er`wfdd aisj cfpfciqi`s bew hilh+`na I%E+inq`nsir`

|ewjdefas. In kfny cfs`s$ qi`winl hfs fdse `nfgdà s` eb hilh+cfpfciqy SFQF awir`s fs fn fdq`wnfqir` qe

kew` `xp`nsir`$ hilh`w+p`wbewkfnc` BC a`ric`s.

Fdqhelh @fsy Qi`w pweria`s kfny eb qh` sfk` cfpfgidiqi`s fs BFSQ R_$ qh` IGK fppwefch qe

ikpd`k`nqfqien fna ep`wfqien hfs g``n silnibicfnqdy aibb`w`nq. Fccewainl qe qh` cekpfny$ qhis fppwefch

w`spenas cdes`dy qe qh` w`viw`k`nqs `xpw`ssà gy iqs AS8??? csqek`ws.

In pwincipd`$ BFSQ R_ `nfgd`s ep`wfqinl pfwfk`q`ws qe g` s`q kew` bw`v`nqdy$ fna |iqh hilh`w

lwfndfwiqy qhfn @fsy Qi`w. BFSQ R_ is fdse a`silnà qe wn cenqinesdy$ |iqh sqfqisqics cedd`cqien$fnfdysis fna afqf ker`k`nq pwec`ss`s eccwwinl en f 71x< gfsis.

In pwfcqic`$ he|`r`w$ s`ws hfr` bena iq aibbicdq qe `xpdeiq sch cfpfgidiqi`s. Cenqines afqf cedd`cqien

fna ker`k`nq q`na qe l`n`wfq` sysq`k er`wh`fa qhfq kfy ikpfiw pweacqien p`wbewkfnc` fna s`wric`d`r`ds. @vfddy$ b`| ewlfni}fqiens s``k pw`pfwà qe inr`sq qh` fakinisqwfqew qik` fna `bbewq qhfq |eda g`

n`c`ssfwy qe kilwfq` afqf fcwess qi`ws kdqipd` qik`s p`w afy$ en fn fppdicfqien+gy+fppdicfqien gfsis.

Fs f w`sdq$ BFSQ R_ pwec`ss`s fw` qypicfddy `x`cqà awinl ebb+p`fj p`wieas$ ebq`n in gfqch kea`. @fsy

Qi`w kilwfq`s skfdd incw`k`nqs eb afqf `r`wy bir` kinq`s$ wàcinl pweacqien ikpfcqs.

F bwqh`w aibb`w`nc` sheda g` hilhdilhqà. In shfwp cenqwfsq qe BFSQ R_$ @fsy Qi`w is a`silnà qekiniki}` cekpd`xiqy. Fakinisqwfqir` pwec`ss`s fw` sikpd`w$ fna fqekfqien fna |ewjdefa kfnfl`k`nq

q`chnedeli`s fw` kew` farfncà. (Bew `xfkpd`$ @fsy Qi`w ikpd`k`nqfqiens inredr` s`qqinl endy q|e

pfwfk`q`ws. BFSQ R_ w`viw`s qhfq f |ia` wfnl` eb pfwfk`q`ws g` s`q$ fna pedici`s a`binà en fnfppdicfqien+gy+fppdicfqien gfsis.)

BFSQ R_ is neq —bddy fqekfqà‛ – in pwfcqic` f lw`fq a`fd kew` fakinisqwfqew inq`wr`nqien is qypicfddy

w`viwà qhfn bew s` eb @fsy Qi`w. —Bddy fqekfqà‛ kfy g` fn `r`nqfd lefd. Gq iq ae`s neq ceww`spena

qe cww`nq w`fdiqi`s.

F cd`fw cencdsien `k`wl`s. Qi`winl kfy pdfy f rfdfgd` wed` in k``qinl qeafy’s hilh+`na sqewfl`

chfdd`nl`s. Gq in gsin`ss+cwiqicfd `nriwenk`nqs$ iqs a`pdeyk`nq w`kfins sgm`cq qe ep`wfqienfdcensqwfinqs$ fna qe qh` n`à qe kfinqfin cenqiniqy eb p`wbewkfnc`$ s`wric` vfdiqy fna afqf pweq`cqien.Sch`k`s bew qh` bqw` cfnneq sgsqiqq` bew sedia `nlin``winl fna vfdiqy eb q`chnedely qeafy.

Bwek qhis p`wsp`cqir`$ AS88?? sysq`ks w`kfin fkenl qh` inasqwy’s pw`ki`w hilh+`na aisj sedqiens.




_DFQBEWKS

Er`wri`|

@KC RKFX fna IGK AS88?? w`pw`s`nq qh` dfq`sq chfpq`w in f kew` qhfn 7?+y`fw wirfdwy g`q|``n qh`s`

r`naews in hilh+`na aisj sysq`ks.

Qh` @KC RKFX pdfqbewk$ inqweacà in Fpwid 7??9$ is qh` dfq`sq iq`wfqien eb qh` @KC Sykk`qwixfwchiq`cqw`$ |hich biwsq w`fchà qh` kfwj`qpdfc` in 699?. Qh` ikkàifq` pwà`c`ssew eb RKFX$ qhÀKX l`n`wfqien eb sysq`ks$ |fs inqweacà in 7??3 fna dfsq pafqà in 7??<.

Qh` IGK AS88?? is qh` dfq`sq in qh` cekpfny’s AS8??? s`wi`s eb sysq`ks$ qh` biwsq eb |hich |fsinqweacà in 7??1. Qh` ikkàifq` AS88?? pwà`c`ssew$ qh` AS8<??$ |fs inqweacà in 7??9. Geqhcekpfni`s hfr` kfinqfinà hilh d`r`ds eb cekpfqigidiqy g`q|``n scc`ssir` l`n`wfqiens eb sysq`k.

Bew `xfkpd`$ qh` RKFX r`wsien eb qh` @KC @nliniqy fdde|s AKX scwipqs qe wn en RKFX sysq`ks.

AS88?? E@D is sfia gy IGK qe cenqfin fwena 80 p`wc`nq eb qh` sfk` cea` fs bew qh` AS8<??$ |hich inqwn cenqfinà er`w 90 p`wc`nq eb qh` cea` eb iqs AS83?? pwà`c`ssew. Kfinq`nfnc` eb cekpfqigidiqy in

qhis kfnn`w kfq`wifddy wàc`s wisjs eb `wwews qhfq kfy ikpfcq pweacqien.

Qh`w` fw` nk`wes cekkenfdqi`s fna sek` aibb`w`nc`s g`q|``n RKFX fna AS88?? sysq`ks$ |hich fw`skkfwi}à in bilw` 3.

BPNCQIEN @KC SYKK@QWIX RKFX SYSQ@K IGK AS88?? SYSQ@K

Sysq`k niqs 6+8 `nlin`s

@fch nlin` cenqfins= afd inq`lwfqàaiw`cqews |iqh 7 x vfa cew` Inq`d Xèn7.33 LH} pwec`ssews fch: 37+678LGphysicfd (62+21LG bb`cqir`) cfch`:8+62 IE pewqs: " 62 aisj pewqs

Afd 7+|fy ew 1+|fy _e|`w2* 0.? LH}pwec`ssew niqs

Cfch`$ IE " aisj pewqs s`pfwfq`dycenbilwfgd`

Cenbilwfqien wfnl` 92 qe 7$1?? 3.0‛ awir`s

21LG+6$?71LG physicfd (37LG+067LG`bb`cqir`) cfch`

62+678 aisj pewqs

1+678 hesq BC pewqs

1+21 hesq BICEN pewqs

8 qe 6$032 7.0‛ (SFS+7 ew SSA) ew 8 qe <28

3.0‛ awir`s37LG+381LG cfch`

8+21 aisj pewqs

1+678 hesq BCBICEN pewqs

Awir` inq`wbfc`

Awir` qyp`s

1 Lgps BC " SFQF

7??LG " 1??LG SSA

612LG$ 3??LG$ 10?LG " 2??LG BC 60J

3??LG$ 10?LG " 2??LG BC 6?J

6QG " 7QG <.7J SFQF

2 Lgps SFS+7

3??LG SSA

612LG " 3??LG SFS+7 60J

10?LG$ 2??LG " 9??LG SFS+7 6?J

3QG <.7J N`fwdin` SFS+7

Hesq inq`wbfc` 1 Lgps ew 8 Lgps BCBICEN 1 Lgps ew 8 Lgps BCBICEN

WFIA sppewq D`r`ds 6$ 0$ 2 " 6? D`r`ds 0$ 2 " 6?

Qhin pwerisieninl Y`s (Riwqfd _werisieninl) Y`s

@ncwypqien k`qhea @x`cq`s en gfcj+`na pwec`ssew Aisj+gfsà

Bilw` 3= L`n`wfd Cekpfwisen eb @KC RKFX fna IGK AS88?? Sysq`ks

Cekkenfdiqi`s incda` sppewq bew qi`wà s` eb SSAs$ hilh+p`wbewkfnc` HAAs fna hilh`w+cfpfciqy$

de|`w+cesq kàif: fna qhin pwerisieninl (|hich @KC w`b`ws qe fs —riwqfd pwerisieninl‛): i.`.$ qh` fgidiqy

qe fddecfq` spfc` aynfkicfddy fs afqf is |wiqq`n qe aisj$ wfqh`w qhfn in pw`s`q redk`s.




Geqh pdfqbewks fw` w`celni}à inasqwy d`fa`ws in qh` bedde|inl fw`fs=

‧ Frfidfgidiqy. AS88?? fs |`dd fs RKFX sysq`ks incewpewfq` sephisqicfqà w`difgidiqy$ frfidfgidiqyfna s`wric`fgidiqy (WFS) b`fqw`s$ fna fdde| s` eb WFIA qe kfsj qh` `bb`cqs eb aisj bfidw`s.

IGK fna @KC sppewq WFIA d`r`d 0 (|hich is ne| weqin` bew kesq hilh+`na fppdicfqiens)$ d`r`d2 (fn `nhfnc`k`nq qe d`r`d 0 qhfq cekgin`s bew ew kew` aisjs qe pweq`cq afqf flfinsq dess eb fny

q|e aisjs) fna d`r`d 6? (|hich cekgin`s d`r`d ? sqwipinl fna d`r`d 6 kiwwewinl).

@KC cenqin`s qe sppewq WFIA d`r`d 6$ |hich pweria`s gfsic 6=6 kiwwewinl. WFIA 6 is ne|wfw`dy sà bew n`| fppdicfqiens. WFIA 6? pweria`s sp`wiew afqf pweq`cqien.

@KC’s `nlin`+gfsà pfcjflinl w`pw`s`nqs f peq`nqifd rdn`wfgidiqy. In pwincipd`$ `nlin`s cfn g`w`pdfcà |iqheq aiswpqinl ep`wfqiens. Gq g`cfs` `fch `nlin` hfnad`s f sp`cibic s`q eb aisjs$

fn `nlin` bfidw` ceda w`sdq in dess eb fcc`ss qe sek` ew fdd eb qh` afqf en qh`s`.

‧ W`pdicfqien fna w`cer`wy. Geqh cekpfni`s ebb`w wegsq sedqiens bew peinq+in+qik` cepy (IGKBdfshCepy fna @KC Qik`Bina`w bfkidi`s) fna w`keq` w`fd+qik` w`pdicfqien fna aisfsq`w

w`cer`wy. @KC Sykk`qwix W`keq` Afqf Bfcidiqy%Fsynchwenes (SWAB%F) fna Sykk`qwic

W`keq` Afqf Bfcidiqy%Synchwenes (SWAB%S)$ fna IGK Ldegfd Kiwwew (fsynchwenes) fna K`qwe

Kiwwew (synchwenes) fw` w`celni}à inasqwy d`fa`ws in qhis fw`f.

Qhw``+siq` w`pdicfqien sedqiens$ |hich pweria` f bwqh`w d`r`d eb pweq`cqien flfinsq —cfscfainl‛

eqfl`s qhfq kilhq fbb`cq q|e afqf c`nq`ws$ incda` @KC’s SWAB%Sqfw fna IGK’s K`qwe%LdegfdKiwwew. Fdqhelh qh`w` fw` sek` q`chnicfd aibb`w`nc`s g`q|``n @KC fna IGK sedqiens$ qh`sà`dir`w l`n`wfddy sikidfw bncqienfdiqy$ fna fdd fw` |ia`dy sà.

AS88?? fna RKFX sysq`ks geqh ebb`w hfwa|fw`+gfsà `ncwypqien. @KC ebb`ws fn fafpq`w+gfsàikpd`k`nqfqien eb WSF Afqf _weq`cqien Kfnfl`w `ncwypqien. WSF |fs fcviwà gy @KC in 7??2.

IGK ebb`ws s`db+`ncwypqinl epqiens bew fdd AS88?? SFS+7 60J fna 6?J wpk awir`s. Qh`s` epqiens`kpdey engefwa `ncwypqien `nlin`s ikpd`k`nqinl S`flfq` S`cw` q`chnedely. Qh` cekpfny hfs fdse

fnnencà pdfns qe a`dir`w sikidfw epqiens bew AS88?? SSAs fna n`fwdin` awir`s in qh` bfsq hfdb eb 7?67.

Aibb`w`nc`s g`q|``n qh`s` pdfqbewks fw` aiscssà in kew` a`qfid g`de|. In a`fdinl |iqh p`wbewkfncìss`s$ f aisqincqien is awf|n g`q|``n sysq`k+d`r`d p`wbewkfnc`$ fna qh` `bb`cqs eb SSAs fna qi`winl

sedqiens. Qh`s` fw` faaw`ssà s`pfwfq`dy in qh` bedde|inl s`cqien.

@KC Sykk`qwix RKFX

RKFX Sysq`ks

RKFX sysq`ks fw` gidq fwena `nlin` niqs cenqfininl wànafnq Inq`d Xèn+gfsà inq`lwfqà aiw`cqews$

fdenl |iqh cfch`$ fna I%E fna aisj pewqs. Pp qe ìlhq `nlin`s kfy g` cenbilwà in f bwfk`. @nlin`sw`pdfc` aàicfqà chfnn`d fna aisj aiw`cqews `kpdeyà in `fwdi`w @KC sysq`ks.

@nlin`s cenqfin sykk`qwic kdqipwec`ssinl (SK_) niqs gidq fwena vfa cew` Inq`d Xèn 7.33 LH} pwec`ssews$ 62LG qe 21LG eb WFK$ p qe 678LG eb kiwwewà (i.`.$ 21LG eb `bb`cqir`) cfch`$ 8 qe 62

bwenq+`na I%E pewqs fna 62 gfcj+`na pewqs. @nlin`+gfsà pfcjflinl k`fns qhfq pwec`ssews$ cfch` fna (ib

kew` qhfn 62 fw` w`viwà) hesq pewqs cfnneq g` cenbilwà s`pfwfq`dy. @xpfnsien eb qh`s` w`viw`s fnfaaiqienfd `nlin` ew `nlin`s.



Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep <

RKFX sysq`ks sppewq dfwl`w er`wfdd cfch` si}`s qhfn AKX+1 sysq`ks – p qe 6$?71LG cekpfwà qe

067LG. He|`r`w$ fs cfch` bew geqh sysq`ks is bddy kiwwewà$ endy fgeq 0? p`wc`nq is sfgd`. Qh``bb`cqir` incw`fs` is bwek 702LG qe 067LG.

RKFX sysq`ks w`qfin qh` sfk` er`wfdd sqwcqw` eb sysq`k gfys fna sqewfl` gfys fs AKX sysq`ks.

Cenbilwfqiens kfy incda` p qe 8 `nlin`s fna 7$1?? aisj awir`s$ |hich kfy g` SSA$ BC fna%ew SFQF

a`ric`s. In pwincipd`$ AKX+1 sysq`ks sppewqà 6$97? awir`s$ fdqhelh @KC ebb`wà csqek

cenbilwfqiens eb p qe 7$1??.

@KC fdse ebb`ws fn `nqwy+d`r`d kea`d$ qh` RKFX S@$ |hich is gidq fwena f sinld` sysq`k `nlin` fna

sppewqs p qe 678LG physicfd (21LG `bb`cqir`) cfch` fna 32? aisj awir`s. RKFX S@ sysq`ks cfnneq g`plwfaà qe dfwl`w RKFX cenbilwfqiens.

RKFX` Sysq`ks

RKFX`$ |hich |fs inqweacà in Mfnfwy 7?66$ is f ae|nsi}à r`wsien eb qh` cew` RKFX pdfqbewk.RKFX` cfnneq g` plwfaà qe RKFX.

_wincipfd aibb`w`nc`s g`q|``n RKFX` fna RKFX sysq`ks fw` skkfwi}à in bilw` 1.

RKFX` RKFX

Kfxikk `nlin`s 1 8

Inq`d pwec`ssew \`sqk`w` vfa 7.1 LH} Hfwp`wqe|n vfa 7.33 LH}

Kfxikk aisjs 92? 7$1??

Kfxikk cfch` p`w `nlin` 92LG 678LG

Cenn`cqiriqy21 x 8 Lgps BC pewqs

37 x @qh`wn`q pewqs

678 x 8 Lgps BC pewqs

21 x @qh`wn`q pewqs

CJA " BICEN sppewq Ne Y`s

_e|`w Sinld`+phfs` endy Sinld`+ " qhw``+phfs`

Bilw` 1= @KC Sykk`qwix RKFX` fna RKFX Sysq`ks – Skkfwy

Pndij` RKFX$ RKFX` ae`s neq sppewq Bigw` Cenn`cqien (BICEN) fna Cenq J`y Afqf (CJA)$ |hich`bb`cqir`dy pw`cda` s` |iqh kfinbwfk` sysq`ks.

Sppewq bew sinld`+phfs` pe|`w endy bwqh`w w`sqwicqs s` eb RKFX` sysq`ks. Sinld`+phfs` is |ia`dy sàbew skfdd`w defas (`.l.$ bew skfdd gsin`ss fna w`sia`nqifd siq`s)$ fna in wwfd fw`fs |h`w` aisqwigqien cesqsfw` cekpfwfqir`dy de|. Dfwl` afqf c`nq`ws q`na qe `kpdey qhw``+phfs` ew cekginfqiens eb qhw``+phfs`

gfcjgen`s fna sinld`+phfs` b`às. RKFX fna AS88?? sysq`ks ebb`w sinld`+ fna qhw``+phfs` epqiens.

RKFX` sysq`ks sppewq kesq kfmew @KC RKFX sebq|fw` qeeds$ fdqhelh qh` @KC W`cer`w_einq pweacq hfs g``n sgsqiqqà bew SWAB. W`cer`w_einq is pesiqienà bew s` |iqh @KC kiawfnl` sysq`ks.

G`cfs` eb w`viw`k`nqs bew kfinbwfk` cenn`cqiriqy$ SWAB cekpfqigidiqy fna%ew qhw``+phfs` pe|`w$RKFX` sysq`ks |eda neq g` w`fdisqic cfnaiafq`s bew s` in fny eb qh` insqfddfqiens pen |hich cesqcekpfwisens pw`s`nqà in qhis w`pewq fw` gfsà. Fdd RKFX cfdcdfqiens fw` gfsà en kfinsqw`fk kea`ds.




IGK AS88??

Er`wri`|

Qh` AS88?? pdfqbewk is$ in sek` w`sp`cqs$ fn `redqienfwy plwfa` eb qh` AS8<??. Sysq`ks cenqin` qe`kpdey wànafnq SK_ cdsq`ws gidq fwena IGK _E\@W WISC pwec`ssews. In AS88?? sysq`ks$ cew` pwec`ssews hfr` g``n plwfaà bwek 1.< LH} _E\@W2 qe 0.? LH} _E\@W2* q`chnedely. Kfxikk

cfch` si}` w`kfins 381LG.

Qh` IGK SK_ ikpd`k`nqfqien is aibb`w`nq bwek qhfq eb @KC. RKFX pwec`ssew cew`s fw` aàicfqà qesp`cibic bwenq+`na ew gfcj+`na qfsjs in qh` sfk` kfnn`w fs bew AKX+1 aiw`cqews. In AS88?? sysq`ks$ fdd

qfsjs fw` shfwà g`q|``n fdd cew`s. Qhis fppwefch s`s er`wfdd pwec`ssew cfpfciqy kew` `bbici`nqdy.

In faaiqien qe sqfnafwa kea`ds$ IGK fdse ebb`ws f AS88?? Gsin`ss Cdfss. Qhis is f sinld`+bwfk` r`wsien`vippà |iqh f sinld` q|e+|fy SK_ cdsq`w. Iq kfy g` cenbilwà |iqh p qe 6? aisj `ncdesw`s (p qe

71? awir`s)$ 62LG qe 21LG cfch`$ fna q|e qe bew hesq fafpq`ws. Gsin`ss Cdfss bwfk`s kfy g` `vippà

|iqh kew` awir`s p`w fafpq`w qhfn sqfnafwa kea`ds$ wàcinl cenbilwfqien cesq fna cekpd`xiqy.

AS88?? Gsin`ss Cdfss kea`ds fw` a`silnà bew skfdd`w `nriwenk`nqs$ sch fs qhes` eb ewlfni}fqiens

`kpdeyinl de|+`na Sysq`k } Gsin`ss Cdfss kfinbwfk`s.

SBB fna SFS+7

Qh` AS88?? aibb`ws bwek `fwdi`w AS8??? sysq`ks in iqs s` eb Skfdd Bewk Bfcqew (SBB) 7.0 inch awir`s|iqh SFS+7 inq`wbfc`s.

Ps` eb 7.0+inch awir`s a`dir`ws j`y g`n`biqs in qhw`` fw`fs – spfc` wàcqien$ pe|`w fna ceedinl er`wh`fa

fna p`wbewkfnc`. Fccewainl qe IGK$ s` eb 7.0+inch SFS+7 awir`s |idd qypicfddy w`sdq in qe 1? qe 0? p`wc`nq wàcqiens in beeqpwinq$ fna fq d`fsq 3? p`wc`nq wàcqien `n`wly censkpqien cekpfwà qe 3.0+

inch BC awir`s. Qh`s` cdfiks fw` censisq`nq |iqh inasqwy `xp`wi`nc`.

@KC hfs fnnencà pdfns qe w`pdfc` BC |iqh SFS+7 in qhìw hilh+`na aisj sysq`ks$ |hid` @KC hfsinaicfqà qhfq iq `xp`cqs `r`nqfddy qe sqfnafwai}` iqs hilh+`na sysq`ks en q|e+qi`w cenbilwfqiens`kpdeyinl cekginfqiens eb SSAs fna SFS+7 awir`s.

Qhis pwec`ss hfs fdw`fay g`ln |iqh qh` cekpfny’s n`| RNX kiawfnl` pdfqbewk$ inqweacà in Mfnfwy7?66. RNX sppewqs s` eb 7.0+inch fs |`dd fs 3.0+inch SSA$ hilh+p`wbewkfnc` SFS+7 fna N`fwdin`SFS+7 awir`s. Qh` sysq`k fdse `kpdeys 2 Lgps SFS+7 aisj inq`wbfc`s.

Kfwj`q w`s`fwch`ws `sqikfq` qhfq SFS a`ric`s cww`nqdy w`pw`s`nq g`q|``n 1? fna 2? p`wc`nq eb qhèr`wfdd aisj awir` kfwj`q$ fna qhfq a`kfna |idd cenqin` qe `xpfna kew` wfpiady qhfn bew BC ew SFQF.Cesqs |idd qhs q`na qe a`cdin` kew` wfpiady qhfn bew qh` dfqq`w. Sek` fnfdysqs fdse pwàicq qhfq N`fwdin`

SFS |idd w`pdfc` SFQF.

Qh`w` is ne ikpfcq en frfidfgidiqy. Qh` aisj k`chfnisks `kpdeyà in `nq`wpwis`+cdfss BC fna SFS+7

awir`s fw` qh` sfk` – qh`y sikpdy `kpdey aibb`w`nq inq`wbfc`s.

Spfc` Wàcqien

Qh` spfc` wàcqien peq`nqifd eb s` eb 7.0+inch awir`s is fppfw`nq |iqhin qh` IGK AS8??? pweacq din`.

AS8<?? sysq`ks `kpdey aisj `ncdesw`s qhfq hes` sixq``n 3.0+inch awir`s in f 3.0P `ncdesw`. AS88??sysq`ks kfy g` cenbilwà |iqh Lilfpfcjs qhfq cenqfin q|`nqy+bew 7.0+inch awir`s in f 7P `ncdesw`.

Awir`s kfy g` fcviwà fna insqfddà in incw`k`nqs eb 8$ 62 fna 71.




En` j`y ikpdicfqien is qhfq kew` awir`s kfy g` hesà in qh` sfk` bwfk`. Bilw` 0$ bew `xfkpd`$ she|s

nkg`ws eb awir`s sppewqà gy qhw``+bwfk` cenbilwfqiens eb geqh sysq`ks.

_dfqbewkGfs`

Bwfk`6

sq

90@7

na

90@Qeqfd

AS88?? (7.0‛) 71? 332 18? 6?02

AS8<?? (3.0‛) 678 702 702 21?

Bilw` 0= Nkg`w eb Aisjs p`w Bwfk` – @xfkpd`

Cenbilwfqiens fw` qh` sfk` physicfd si}`$ fna incda` gfs` bwfk`s (|hich hes` pwec`ssew niqs fnaeqh`w sysq`k+d`r`d cekpen`nqs) fs |`dd fs 90@ `xpfnsien bwfk`s. Kfxikk AS88?? fna AS8<??

cenbilwfqiens fw` 6$032 awir`s in bew bwfk`s$ fna 6$?71 awir`s in bir` bwfk`s w`sp`cqir`dy.

Qh` fkenq eb afqf c`nq`w bdeew spfc` eccpià gy AS88?? sysq`ks fdse cekpfw`s bfrewfgdy |iqh @KCRKFX. Bilw` 2$ bew `xfkpd`$ she|s bdeew spfc` eccpià gy AS88?? fna RKFX cenbilwfqiens

sppewqinl fppwexikfq`dy qh` sfk` nkg`w eb awir`s$ 6$?02 fna 92? w`sp`cqir`dy.

Bilw` 2= Bdeew Spfc` Eccpià gy IGK AS88?? fna @KC RKFX Sysq`ks – @xfkpd`

In qhis pw`s`nqfqien$ |hich incda`s r`naew+w`cekk`naà s`wric` cd`fwfnc`s$ qh` AS88?? cenbilwfqien

eccpi`s 7< p`wc`nq d`ss bdeew spfc` er`wfdd$ fna f qhiwa d`ss spfc` p`w awir`.

Qh` cesq ikpdicfqiens eb sch aibb`w`nc`s fw` kflnibià ib fdde|fnc` is fdse kfa` bew spfc` eccpià gycekpq`w week fiw cenaiqieninl (CWFC)$ chidd`ws$ ninq`wwpqigd` pe|`w sppdi`s (P_S)$ pe|`w

aisqwigqien sysq`ks (_AS) fna eqh`w inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq: fna bew fisd`s fna eqh`w inq`wfcqir` fw`fs.

In kesq afqf c`nq`w `nriwenk`nqs$ spfc` w`viw`k`nqs bew qh`s` fw` pwepewqienfd qe qhes` bew fcqir` IQ`vipk`nq. A`p`nainl en afqf c`nq`w dfyeqs$ `vipk`nq qyp`s fna eqh`w bfcqews$ iq kfy g` n`c`ssfwy qe

kdqipdy spfc` aiw`cqdy eccpià gy aisj sysq`ks gy qhw`` qe bir` qik`s qe a`q`wkin` w`fd eccpfncy cesqs.

Fneqh`w iss` sheda g` hilhdilhqà. Inasqwy k`qheaedeli`s bew cfdcdfqinl afqf c`nq`w eccpfncy cesqs

ebq`n `kpdey fsskpqiens gfsà en sqfnafwa bfcidiqi`s hesinl aisqwigqà s`wr`ws fna skfdd fna kiasi}`

sqewfl` fwwfys. Hilh+`na aisj sysq`ks$ he|`r`w$ sppewq gsin`ss+cwiqicfd sysq`ks in dfwl` ewlfni}fqiensfna fw` qypicfddy hesà in kew` sephisqicfqà fna `xp`nsir` Qi`w 3 ew Qi`w 1 afqf c`nq`ws.

– \iaqh – 666.9‛ (781.7 ck)

– A ` p q h – 6 7 1 . 2

‛ ( 3 6 2 . 0 c k )

Gfcj S`wric` Cd`fwfnc`

Bwenq S`wric` Cd`fwfnc`

SQFNAFWABWFK@

71? awir`s 90@

332 awir`s 90@ 18? awir`s

IGK AS88??= 6$?02 awir`s

– Qeqfd Beeqpwinq –

92.8 sv. bq.(9 sv. k`q`ws)

– \iaqh – 606‛ (383.0 ck)

– A ` p q h – 6 7 0 . 8

8 ‛ ( 3 6 9 . < c k )

Gfcj S`wric` Fw`f

Bwenq S`wric` Fw`f

@KC Sykk`qwic RKFX= 92? awir`s

– Qeqfd Beeqpwinq –

637 sv. bq.(67.72 sv. k`q`ws)

SYSQ@KGFY

SQEWFL@GFY

71? awir`s SQEWFL@

GFY 71? awir`s

SQEWFL@GFY

71? awir`s SQEWFL@

GFY 71? awir`s



Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep 6?

Qh` Ppqik` Insqiqq`$ |hich s`qs a` bfcqe inasqwy sqfnafwas bew afqf c`nq`w w`sidi`ncy$ a`bin`s bew qi`ws.

Qh` hilh`sq eb qh`s`$ Qi`ws 3 fna 1$ inredr` `xq`nsir` wànafncy eb inbwfsqwcqw` cekpen`nqs$—hfwa`nà‛ censqwcqien pfwfk`q`ws fna wilewes ep`wfqinl pwfcqic`s. A`silns fw` inq`naà qe w`fdi}`

99.987 p`wc`nq (Qi`w 3) qe 99.990 p`wc`nq (Qi`w 1) frfidfgidiqy.

Cfpiqfd fna ep`wfqinl cesqs bew Qi`w 3 fna Qi`w 1 afqf c`nq`ws fw` silnibicfnqdy hilh`w qhfn qhes` bew de|`w+

d`r`d bfcidiqi`s. Bew `xfkpd`$ censqwcqien cesqs bew Qi`w 1 afqf c`nq`ws fw` qypicfddy bir` qe q`n qik`s

hilh`w qhfn bew Qi`w 6 `virfd`nqs$ fna ep`wfqinl cesqs fw` qhw`` qe bir` qik`s hilh`w.

Hilh`w censqwcqien cesqs kfy fdse incw`fs` fnnfd cesqs. Fn iniqifd censqwcqien cesq eb$ sfy$ !0$??? p`w

svfw` beeq fkewqi}à er`w q`n y`fws |eda w`pw`s`nq kew` qhfn !0?? p`w svfw` beeq p`w y`fw.

Fdd qhw`` eb qh` ewlfni}fqiens pen |hich cekpfwfqir` cesqs pw`s`nqà in qhis w`pewq |`w` gfsà hesà

hilh+`na aisj sysq`ks in Qi`w 1 afqf c`nq`ws.

@n`wly fna Ceedinl

Inasqwy `xp`wi`nc` hfs she|n qhfq s` eb 7.0+inch wfqh`w qhfn 3.0+inch awir`s qypicfddy wàc`s `n`wly

censkpqien fna ceedinl w`viw`k`nqs gy 3? qe 1? p`wc`nq.

Qh` l`n`wfd inasqwy —wd` eb qhkg‛ is qhfq IQ `vipk`nq cfs`s 3? qe 1? p`wc`nq eb er`wfdd afqf pe|`w

censkpqien. Qh` w`kfina`w is fccenqà bew gy inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq sch fs qhfq a`scwigà fger`$fna gy sppewq sysq`ks fna qh` spfc` eccpià gy qh`s`. In Qi`w 3 fna Qi`w 1 afqf c`nq`ws |iqh hilh d`r`ds

eb pe|`w fna ceedinl wànafncy$ qh` pwepewqien kfy g` de|`w.

Bilw` < she|s fn `xfkpd` bew en` eb qh` ewlfni}fqiens sà fs qh` gfsis eb cekpfwfqir` cesq cfdcdfqiens

pw`s`nqà in qhis w`pewq.

Bilw` <= Afqf C`nq`w @n`wly Censkpqien gy Qyp` eb @vipk`nq – Ps`w @xfkpd`

Er`wfdd pe|`w censkpqien is pwepewqienfd qe qhfq gy IQ `vipk`nq. In qhis cfs`$ iq |eda qhs g`n`c`ssfwy qe kdqipdy `n`wly sfrinls w`fdi}à gy s` eb 7.0+inch awir`s in AS88?? sysq`ks gy kew` qhfn

qhw`` qik`s qe a`q`wkin` qh` fcqfd geqqek+din` ikpfcq.

_eq`nqifd `n`wly fna ceedinl sfrinls fw` kflnibià gy qh` AS88??’s s` eb bwenq+qe+gfcj ceedinl: i.`.$ceda fiw is awf|n inqe qh` bwenq eb qh` sysq`k$ fna heq fiw is `xp`ddà bwek qh` gfcj. Cenr`nqienfd a`silns

(ebq`n w`b`wwà qe fs —chikn`ys‛) awf| ceda fiw qhwelh geqh qh` bwenq fna gfcj eb sysq`ks$ fna `xp`d iqp|fwa$ |h`w` iq is `r`nqfddy w`qwnà qe CWFC niqs.

Bwenq+qe+gfcj ceedinl incw`fs`s qh` `bb`cqir`n`ss eb —heq fisd`%ceed fisd`‛ dfyeqs qhfq hfr` g`cek`|ia`dy faepqà in hilh+`na afqf c`nq`ws. Bilw` 8 she|s f sikpdibià `xfkpd`.

IQ

`vipk`nq37%

Chidd`ws33%

_e|`w `vipk`nq

6<%

CWFC67%

Eqh`w 2%




Bilw` 8= Afqf C`nq`w Heq%Ceda Fisd` Dfyeq – @xfkpd`

Gy ikpwerinl fiwbde| `bbici`ncy$ sch fppwefch`s hfr` cekkendy wàcà er`wfdd afqf c`nq`w pe|`w fna

ceedinl cesqs gy 7? qe 3? p`wc`nq.

RKFX sysq`ks `kpdey bwenq+qe+gfcj ceedinl endy bew sysq`k gfys. Sqewfl` gfys$ |hich l`n`wfq`

silnibicfnqdy hilh`w pe|`w fna ceedinl er`wh`fa in kesq RKFX insqfddfqiens$ `kpdey chikn`ys.

Eqh`w Fw`fs

Qh`w` fw` fdse silnibicfnq q`chnicfd aibb`w`nc`s g`q|``n AS8??? fna RKFX sysq`ks in f nkg`w eb

eqh`w fw`fs. Qh`s` incda` qh` bedde|inl=

‧ Cfch` q`chnedeli`s. Fdqhelh RKFX sysq`ks kfy g` cenbilwà |iqh dfwl`w cfch`s$ qhis ae`sneq n`c`ssfwidy qwfnsdfq` inqe hilh`w p`wbewkfnc`. Ps`w `xp`wi`nc`s hfr` she|n qhfq IGKAS8??? sysq`ks qypicfddy w`viw` d`ss cfch` qhfn RKFX `virfd`nqs.

Qh`w` fw` f nkg`w eb w`fsens bew qhis. Endy fgeq 0? p`wc`nq eb RKFX cfch` is sfgd`.Kewèr`w$ qh` kiwwewinl pwec`ss`s `kpdeyà gy @KC q`na qe incw`fs` cenq`nqien bew k`kewyw`sewc`s$ fna qe a`lwfa` er`wfdd sysq`k p`wbewkfnc`.

In faaiqien$ |hid` @KC `kpdeys AKX+`wf cfch` q`chniv`s$ AS88?? sysq`ks ikpd`k`nq n`|`w

fdlewiqhks a`r`depà gy IGK’s W`s`fwch Airisien qhfq fcc`d`wfq` p`wbewkfnc` fna ikpwer`cfpfciqy qidi}fqien. Qh`s` fw` skkfwi}à in bilw` 9.

F j`y farfnqfl` eb qh` IGK fppwefch is qhfq iq awf|s pen pwepwi`qfwy fqenekic q`chnedeli`s.

Fqenekic cekpqinl$ k`fninl qh` fppdicfqien eb farfncà fwqibicifd inq`ddil`nc` qe sysq`k

fakinisqwfqien fna epqiki}fqien qfsjs$ hfs g``n f kfmew IGK w`s`fwch becs bew kew` qhfn fa`cfa`. Qh` cekpfny is qh` w`celni}à inasqwy d`fa`w in qhis fw`f.




FDLEWIQHK BPNCQIEN

S`v`nqifd _w`b`qchinl inFafpqir` W`pdfc`k`nqCfch` (SFWC)

Kfnfl`s cfch` fddecfqien bew wfnaek " s`v`nqifd IEs: pw`+b`qch s" defas afqf inqe cfch`: aynfkicfddy d`fwns |hfq afqf sheda g`sqewà in cfch` gfsà pen qh` bw`v`ncy n`às eb qh` hesqs:epqiki}`s er`wfdd p`wbewkfnc` " cfpfciqy qidi}fqien.

Fafpqir` Kdqi+Sqw`fk_w`b`qchinl (FK_)

A`q`wkin`s afqf qe g` pw`b`qchà gfsà en |ewjdefa chfwfcq`wisqics:kiniki}`s iad` cfch` cfpfciqy: ikpwer`s p`wbewkfnc` bew cekkens`v`nqifd " gfqch pwec`ssinl |ewjdefas: epqiki}`s cfch` `bbici`ncyin w`spens` qe chfnlinl |ewjdefas.

Inq`ddil`nq \wiq` Cfchinl(I\C)

Ewlfni}`s " kfnfl`s ewa`w eb cfch` |wiq`s qe kiniki}` s` eb aisjw`sewc`s " ikpwer` er`wfdd IE p`wbewkfnc`: cfn aegd` qhwelhpqbew wfnaek |wiq` afqfgfs` |ewjdefas.

Bilw` 9= AS88?? Farfncà Cfchinl Fdlewiqhks

Binfddy$ |hid` AS88?? sysq`ks airia` cfch` inqe 1+jidegyq` (JG) incw`k`nqs (cekkendy w`b`wwàqe fs —sdeqs‛ ew —pfl`s‛)$ RKFX sysq`ks `kpdey 21JG incw`k`nqs. Fdqhelh wfnaek I%Es fw`qypicfddy 1JG qe 8JG in si}`$ qh` @KC fppwefch fssilns qh`k f bdd 21JG eb cfch`. Fs f w`sdq$

er`wfdd cfch` qidi}fqien kfy g` silnibicfnqdy de|`w.

‧ Redk` kfnfl`k`nq . Sysq`k+d`r`d p`wbewkfnc` fna cfpfciqy qidi}fqien fw` kfq`wifddy fbb`cqà gy qh` kfnn`w in afqf redk`s fw` ewlfni}à$ keaibià fna kfnflà. Ib na`wdyinl sqwcqw`s fw`

in`bbici`nq$ qh` `bb`cqs kfy g` kflnibià |h`n qh`s` fw` kfppà qe WFIA cenbilwfqiens$ fna qh`

p`wbewkfnc` fna bncqienfdiqy eb qi`winl sedqiens er`wdfia en qh`k kfy g` ikpfiwà.

D`lfcy RKFX sqwcqw`s egdil` fakinisqwfqews qe gida hilh`w+d`r`d k`qfredk` sqwcqw`s eq

eb hyp`wredk`s decfqà en inairiafd aisjs. In cekpfwisen$ IGK s`s f sinld` cfq`lewy eb `xq`nq

peeds$ |hich fw` censqwcqà sinl sqfnafwai}à 6LG gdecjs eb afqf (`xq`nqs). @xq`nq peedsep`wfq` kew` `bbici`nqdy$ d`fr` d`ss nsà cfpfciqy fna ae neq n`à qe g` kicwekfnflà gyfakinisqwfqews.

Qh` IGK fppwefch hfs pwerà f lw`fq a`fd d`ss cekpd`x fna kew` bd`xigd`. Iq pweria`s pfwqicdfw

rfd` |h`n ewlfni}fqiens ksq a`fd |iqh aynfkic |ewjdefas chfwfcq`wi}à gy hilh d`r`ds eb lwe|qh fna%ew chfnl`.

AS88?? Sqewfl` _eed Sqwipinl fdde|s |ewjdefas qe g` spw`fa fcwess fdd `xq`nqs |iqhin f peed$ fna

pweria`s defa+gfdfncinl bncqiens qhfq wàc` wisjs qhfq —heq speqs‛ |idd a`r`dep. F j`y g`n`biq isqhfq$ gy ikpd`k`nqinl qh`s` cfpfgidiqi`s fs pfwq eb qh` cew` ep`wfqinl sysq`k$ qh` qfsjs qhfq ksq

g` hfnadà gy @fsy Qi`w fna eqh`w epqiki}fqien sedqiens fw` sikpdibià.

In faaiqien$ I%E _wiewiqy Kfnfl`w nfgd`s ewlfni}fqiens qe pwiewiqi}` |ewjdefa fcc`ss qe sysq`k w`sewc`s gfsà en p`wbewkfnc` fna%ew vfdiqy eb s`wric` (VeS) qfwl`qs. Fakinisqwfqews kfy a`bin` p qe qhw`` kfin

pwiewiqy d`r`ds fna 62 sgd`r`ds bew sp`cibic fppdicfqiens. Qh` bfcidiqy pweria`s hilhdy lwfndfw keniqewinl$defa gfdfncinl fna pedicy+gfsà fddecfqien eb sysq`k w`sewc`s.

@xp`wi`nc`s |iqh I%E _wiewiqy Kfnfl`w sll`sq qhfq iq kfy egrifq` qh` n`à bew cfch` pfwqiqieninl

q`chniv`s sch fs qhes` `kpdeyà gy @KC in RKFX sysq`ks. Qhis |eda ikpwer` fgidiqy qe w`spena qe|ewjdefa chfnl`s$ fna |eda neq dikiq cfch` w`sewc`s qe sp`cibic redk`s.

I%E _wiewiqy Kfnfl`w ewilinfqà fs f qeed bew PNIX$ Dinx fna \inae|s `nriwenk`nqs. In qh` dfq`sqr`wsien$ sppewq hfs g``n `xq`naà qe qh` kfinbwfk` }%ES `nriwenk`nq. J`y cfpfgidiqi`s incda` sppewq

bew }%ES redk`s fna inq`lwfqien |iqh qh` }%ES \ewjdefa Kfnfl`w (\DK).




SSAS FNA QI@WINL

L`n`wfd _icqpw`

Sedia sqfq` awir`s (SSAs) ewilinfqà in qh` 699?s$ fna |`w` iniqifddy `kpdeyà in sp`cifdi}à a`b`ns`$

f`wespfc`$ cekknicfqiens fna eqh`w cekpq`+inq`nsir` fppdicfqiens. A`kfna bew hilh+p`wbewkfnc`sysq`ks bew sch fppdicfqiens cenqin`s qe bewk f hilh+`na nich` |iqhin qh` er`wfdd SSA kfwj`q. Kesq—6?? p`wc`nq‛ SSA sysq`ks fw` bew qhis qyp` eb fppdicfqien.

SSAs g`lfn qe ker` inqe kfinsqw`fk cekk`wcifd fppdicfqiens in qh` `fwdy qe kia+7???s. Qhis qw`na

er`wdfppà |iqh qh` fpp`fwfnc` eb sqewfl` riwqfdi}fqien q`chnedeli`s qhfq kfa` iq pessigd` qe cekgin`

SSAs fna HAAs in qh` sfk` riwqfd peed. Qhis fppwefch$ l`n`wfddy w`b`wwà qe fs —qi`winl$‛ |fs pien``wà gy sp`cifdisq r`naews fna dfq`w faepqà gy kfmew inasqwy pdfy`ws.

@KC |fs qh` biwsq dfwl` sqewfl` sysq`ks r`naew qe inqweac` SSAs fs |`dd fs BC fna SFQF awir`s en iqs

kfmew pdfqbewks awinl 7??8. Sppewq |fs `xq`naà qe AKX+1 hilh+`na$ CDFWiiEN kiawfnl` fnaC`d`wwf n`q|ewj fqqfchà sqewfl` (NFS) sysq`ks. Qh` cekpfny cww`nqdy cdfiks qe g` qh` dfwl`sq r`naew eb SSAs in hilh+`na fna kiawfnl` aisj fwwfys.

IGK faaà SSA sppewq bew AS8??? fna AS0??? aisj sysq`ks$ qh` IGK SFN Redk` Cenqwedd`w (SRC)cwess+pdfqbewk sqewfl` riwqfdi}fqien sysq`k$ fna IGK _e|`w fna Sysq`k x s`wr`ws in 7??9. F gwefa`w iniqifqir` |fs fdse dfnchà gy qh` cekpfny qe epqiki}` `xpdeiqfqien eb SSAs gy fdd IGK s`wr`w

pdfqbewks$ fs |`dd fs gy AG7 fna Qiredi sebq|fw`.

\iqh c`wqfin qyp`s eb |ewjdefa$ ewlfni}fqiens hfr` g``n fgd` qe fchi`r` incw`fs`s in er`wfdd sysq`k p`wbewkfnc` eb hnawàs ew `r`n qhesfnas eb qik`s |iqh w`dfqir`dy skfdd SSA vfnqiqi`s (`.l.$ q|e qe

qhw`` p`wc`nq). Kesq cww`nq fppdicfqiens$ he|`r`w$ w`viw` dfwl`w SSA cfpfciqi`s fna%ew a`dir`w skfdd`w

p`wbewkfnc` ikpwer`k`nqs.

Sqewfl` Qi`winl

Qh` kesq cekken bewk eb sqewfl` qi`winl cww`nqdy inredr`s kfnfd inq`wr`nqien gy fakinisqwfqews qeia`nqiby —heq speq‛ afqf qhfq |eda g`n`biq bwek decfqien en SSAs$ ker` qh`s` qe SSAs$ fna w`decfq` qh`k

fs fna |h`n |ewjdefas chfnl`. A`cisiens fw` sppewqà gy p`wieaic cedd`cqien fna fnfdysis eb afqfaisqwigqien fna p`wbewkfnc` sqfqisqics.

Kfnfd q`chniv`s hfr` pwerà fa`vfq` bew hilh+`na I%E+inq`nsir` fppdicfqiens |h`w` SSAs pweria`kesq g`n`biq. He|`r`w$ bew sek` r`naews – @KC hfs g``n in qh` bew`bwenq fkenl qh`s` – qh` fgidiqy qe

a`r`dep f dfwl`w kfwj`q bew qi`winl a`p`nas pen fqekfqien.

In kesq ewlfni}fqiens$ sqewfl` |ewjdefas hfr` g`cek` incw`fsinldy air`ws` er`w qik`. Qhis qw`na hfs g``n fcc`d`wfqà gy s`wr`w fs |`dd fs sqewfl` censediafqien iniqifqir`s$ fna gy qh` incw`fsinldy kixà

nfqw` eb |ewjdefas in kesq fppdicfqien fw`fs. In sch `nriwenk`nqs$ kfnfd q`chniv`s |eda g`

pwehigiqir`dy `xp`nsir` in fakinisqwfqew qik` fn%ew |eda neq g` b`fsigd` bew ep`wfqienfd w`fsens.

Nk`wes eqh`w r`naews ne| ebb`w sedqiens qhfq pweria` sch cfpfgidiqi`s in rfwyinl |fys$ fna qe

rfwyinl a`lw``s. Qh`s` incda` 3_FW (Fafpqir` Epqiki}fqien)$ Cekp`dd`nq (Inq`ddil`nq Qi`wà Sqewfl`)$

Hiqfchi (Aynfkic Qi`winl)$ XIE (Cenqines Fafpqir` Afqf _dfc`k`nq) fna eqh`ws. 3_FW fnaCekp`dd`nq hfr` g``n fcviwà gy H`|d`qq+_fcjfwa fna A`dd w`sp`cqir`dy.




@KC BFSQ R_

@KC’s BFSQ hfs a`r`depà in q|e phfs`s. Qh` ewilinfd r`wsien eb BFSQ$ inqweacà in 7??9$ sppewqà

fddecfqien fna w`+fddecfqien eb afqf endy in delicfd niq nkg`w (DPN) incw`k`nqs$ fna |fs sgm`cq qeeqh`w dikiqfqiens qhfq w`sqwicqà iqs fpp`fd qe f skfdd kinewiqy eb `fwdy faepq`ws.

BFSQ R_ `nfgd`s ker`k`nq eb afqf gdecjs |iqh sg+DPN lwfndfwiqy. Qh` skfdd`sq incw`k`nq$ fccewainl

qe @KC$ is <.28KG$ fna qh` dfwl`sq is 6LG.

BFSQ Siq` sebq|fw` censisqs eb q|e pweacqs= BFSQ Cfch` `kpdeys p qe 7QG eb SSA qe cfch` afqfawf|n bwek BC fna%ew SFQF awir`s: fna BFSQ R_$ |hich ker`s afqf bwek BC awir`s qe SSAs fna%ew

SFQF awir`s. Qh` wed`s eb qh`s` pweacqs fw` iddsqwfqà in bilw` 6?.

Bilw` 6?= @KC BFSQ Cfch` fna BFSQ R_

BFSQ R_ is gidq pen qh` sqewfl` peed sqwcqw`s ikpd`k`nqà gy RKFX qhin pwerisieninl. Iqincewpewfq`s q|e cew` fdlewiqhks= inq`ddil`nq qi`winl (|hich a`q`wkin`s qh` fppwepwifq` qi`w bew f lir`nafqf s`q): fna fddecfqien cekpdifnc` (|hich a`q`cqs |h`n fddecfqà cfpfciqy eb f sqewfl` lwep `xc`às

s`q dikiqs$ fna iniqifq`s ceww`cqir` afqf ker`k`nqs).

Qh`s` fw` fppdià qe qhw`` kfin pwec`ss`s= cedd`cqien eb sqfqisqics: fnfdysis eb qh`s`: fna ker`k`nq eb afqf g`q|``n qi`ws in w`spens` qe qh` w`sdqs eb fnfdysis. Cedd`cqien eb sqfqisqics kfy wn cenqinesdy fs f

gfcjlwena qfsj$ ew kfy g` schàdà qe eccw p`wieaicfddy. Fnfdysis fna afqf ker`k`nq |inae|s kfyfdse g` s`q gy s`ws. @KC sppdi`s Qi`w Farisew Qeed qe fssisq in kfjinl sch a`cisiens.

BFSQ R_ a`pdeyk`nq inredr`s q|e aisqincq phfs`s= iniqifd fnfdysis eb |ewjdefas fna afqf aisqwigqien$

s`qqinl eb cenbilwfqiens$ sysq`k pfwfk`q`ws fna pedici`s$ fna w`dfqà qfsjs: fna enleinl fcqiriqi`s –

|hich$ in pwincipd`$ eccw cenqinesdy fna fw` bddy fqekfqà.

In pwfcqic`$ he|`r`w$ s`ws hfr` bena qhfq iq is ebq`n neq w`fdisqic qe cenacq BFSQ pwec`ss`s awinl p`fj

ep`wfqinl hews. Sqfqisqics cedd`cqien fna w`p`fqà ker`k`nq eb gdecjs eb afqf g`q|``n aisjs q`na qe

l`n`wfq` d`r`ds eb sysq`k er`wh`fa qhfq ikpfiw pweacqien p`wbewkfnc`. @vfddy$ iq is ebq`n neq b`fsigd` qefssiln fakinisqwfqew qik` awinl p`wieas eb hilh fcqiriqy.

Bew geqh w`fsens$ sqfqisqics fw` qypicfddy cedd`cqà$ fna afqf is kerà in gfqch kea` awinl ebb+p`fj p`wieas. \inae|s bew geqh qypicfddy wfnl` bwek en` qe ìlhq hews$ a`p`nainl en fppdicfqien fna

|ewjdefas$ fna en qh` si}` fna cekpd`xiqy eb afqf redk`s.

@vfddy$ `bb`cqir` s` eb BFSQ w`viw`s qhfq sqewfl` fakinisqwfqews p`wbewk f rfwi`qy eb kfnfd qfsjssch fs w`ri`|inl sqfqisqicfd fnfdys`s$ p`wbewkinl f rfwi`qy eb kfnfl`k`nq bncqiens (`.l.$ cenbiwkinl ew

chfnlinl rfwifgd`s sch fs qhes` she|n in bilw` 66) fna iniqifqinl w`decfqien eb afqf g`q|``n qi`ws.

SFQF

Bigw`

Chfnn`d

SSA

BFSQ

Cfch`

Bigw`

Chfnn`d

SFQF

BFSQ

R_




Qi`winl pedici`s Afqf fddecfqiens

Fqe+qi`w

Hilh`sq frfidfgd` qi`w

De|`sq frfidfgd` qi`w

Qi`w 673

`.l. 6?% SSA – WFIA 0

1?% BC 60J – WFIA 6

0?% SFQF – WFIA 2

Bid` sysq`k pwep`wqi`s W`decfqien wfq`

Sqfqisqics cedd`cqien

Fnfdysis

Afqf w`decfqien

Sp`à eb afqf ker`k`nq

‧ 6? s`qqinls

Sqewfl` peed pwep`wqi`s Bid` sysq`k pwep`wqi`s

_eed qyp`: `.l. kfppà

Aisj qyp`

‧ Sinld` aisj qyp`

+ BdfshBCSFQF

‧ Kdqipd` aisj qyp`s

‧ Kiwwewà

+ Kixà_`wbewkfnc`Cfpfciqy

+ @xqw`k` p`wbewkfnc`

Farfncà afqf s`wric`s

‧QhinCekpw`ssàKiwwewà

‧Qi`winl pedicy

_wàicq bdd

Fqekfqic `xq`nsien `nfgdàaisfgdà

Egqfin nsà aisj redk`s

Sdic` peed redk`s gy a`bfdq5

Q`kpdfq` peed

Sqwip` Si}`sqwip` k`kg`ws

Aàpdicfqien `nfgdàaisfgd a

_wàicq bdd

W`fa|wiq` qhwelhpq

Fqekfqic xq`nsien `nfgdàaisfgd a

Bid`+d`r`d w`q`nqien `nfgdàaisfgdà

Sdic` redk`s5

W`pdicfqiens

Aisj sfl`

Bilw` 66= BFSQ R_ Kfnfl`k`nq Rfwifgd`s – @xfkpd`s

Qh`s` `bb`cqs kilhq g` kfnfl`fgd` |h`w` |ewjdefas fw` cekpfwfqir`dy sikpd`$ sqfgd` fna%ew pwàicqfgd`.

He|`r`w$ lwe|qh in f nkg`w eb rfwifgd`s – incdainl cenbilwfqien fna |ewjdefa cekpd`xiqy$ fna in qh`si}` fna bw`v`ncy eb afqf ker`k`nqs (|hich |eda q`na qe eccw ib afqf redk`s |`w` `xpfnainl

wfpiady) – |eda `xfc`wgfq` ep`wfqienfd chfdd`nl`s bfcà gy s`ws.

Fakinisqwfqir` cesqs fna aibbicdqi`s |eda `scfdfq` |`dd g`yena cww`nq d`r`ds. Qhis |eda pfwqicdfwdy g` qh` cfs` ib$ fs @KC hfs inaicfqà fs fn `r`nqfd lefd$ pedici`s fna pfwfk`q`ws |`w` s`q en fnfppdicfqien+gy+fppdicfqien gfsis. A`cdininl gfqch |inae|s |eda fdse pes` pwegd`ks bew kfny s`ws.

BFSQ R_ is fdse sppewqà gy @KC en iqs Cdfwien CX+1 fna RNX kiawfnl` aisj sysq`ks.

IGK @fsy Qi`w

IGK’s @fsy Qi`w |fs biwsq inqweacà in Fpwid 7?6? bew AS8<?? sysq`ks$ fna sppewq |fs dfq`w `xq`naàqe qh` AS88??. @fsy Qi`w is fccekpfnià gy qh` Sqewfl` Qi`w Farisew Qeed qhfq ia`nqibi`s —heq speqs$‛w`cekk`nas |h`w` afqf sheda g` decfqà$ fna kea`ds qh` `bb`cqs eb cenbilwfqien chfnl`s. Sqewfl` Qi`w

Farisew Qeed is f ne+chfwl` b`fqw`.

Qh` iniqifd r`wsien$ ne| w`b`wwà qe fs @fsy Qi`w R6$ `nfgdà cencww`nq s` eb q|e eq eb qhw`` qi`ws – SSAs fna hilh+p`wbewkfnc` HAAs$ ew SSAs fna n`fwdin` a`ric`s. @fsy Qi`w R7 faaà qh` fgidiqy qe

w`gfdfnc` |ewjdefas |iqhin qi`ws in qh` `r`nq qhfq ikgfdfnc`s a`r`depà$ ew |h`n cfpfciqy |fs faaà qeew w`kerà bwek sysq`ks. R3 b`fqwà faaiqienfd `nhfnc`k`nqs$ incdainl cencww`nq qhw``+qi`w sppewq

fna sppewq bew qhin pwerisieninl.




@fsy Qi`w is a`silnà qe kiniki}` cekpd`xiqy. Iq kfy g` s`q p in$ fq kesq$ f b`| hews gy in+hes` IQ

sqfbb. In cekpfwisen$ BFSQ R_ a`pdeyk`nqs qypicfddy w`viw` fssisqfnc` gy qh` @KC _web`ssienfdS`wric`s ewlfni}fqien ew @KC vfdibià s`wric` pfwqn`ws$ fs |`dd fs `xq`nsir` fakinisqwfqew w`qwfininl.

@fsy Qi`w ebb`ws Kfnfd fna Fqekfqà Kea`s. Kfnfd Kea` is `kpdeyà bew kfmew qfsjs sch fs

kerinl `nqiw` redk`s g`q|``n qi`ws$ qe f n`| peed in qh` sfk` qi`w$ sqwipinl redk`s ew chfnlinl WFIA

cenbilwfqiens$ |hid` Fqekfqà Kea` `nfgd`s |ewjdefa w`celniqien$ ker`k`nq eb afqf in skfdd`w

incw`k`nqs$ fna eqh`w weqin` qfsjs qe g` p`wbewkà |iqheq fakinisqwfqew inq`wr`nqien.

IGK fqenekic q`chnedeli`s fw` `kpdeyà. Fqenekic cekpqinl$ k`fninl qh` fppdicfqien eb farfncà

fwqibicifd inq`ddil`nc` (FI) qe IQ fakinisqwfqien fna epqiki}fqien qfsjs$ hfs g``n f kfmew IGK W"A becsbew kew` qhfn f a`cfa`. Qh` cekpfny is qh` w`celni}à inasqwy d`fa`w in qhis fw`f.

En` `xfkpd` is qhfq @fsy Qi`w is gidq fwena f cenqines d`fwninl fdlewiqhk qhfq `nfgd`s qh` sysq`k qew`celni}` fna fafpq qe `redrinl |ewjdefa pfqq`wns. \h`n @fsy Qi`w is biwsq fcqirfqà$ iq newkfddy w`viw`sqhfq sqfqisqics g` cedd`cqà er`w f 71+hew p`wiea qe `nfgd` —|ewjdefa d`fwninl‛ (IGK’s q`wk).

@fsy Qi`w is fdse sppewqà bew qh` IGK Sqew|i}` r<??? kiawfnl` pdfqbewk$ fna bew qh` cekpfny’s SFNRedk` Cenqwedd`w (SRC) cwess+pdfqbewk sqewfl` riwqfdi}fqien sedqien.

Awir` Gd`nas

Fdqhelh p`wbewkfnc` fna%ew cfpfciqy qidi}fqien g`n`biqs kfy g` w`fdi}à |iqh q|e qe qhw`` p`wc`nq SSAcenbilwfqiens$ qh` pwepewqien eb SSAs is ebq`n hilh`w.

BFSQ R_ p`wbewkfnc` q`sq w`sdqs pgdishà gy @KC$ |hich fw` skkfwi}à in bilw` 67$ bew `xfkpd`$`kpdey cenbilwfqiens in |hich q`n p`wc`nq eb awir` pepdfqiens fw` SSAs. In sek` s`w `nriwenk`nqs$ p`wc`nqfl`s fw` silnibicfnqdy hilh`w.

Q@SQBFSQ R_

CENBILPWFQIEN_@WBEWKFNC@IK_WER@K@NQ

Ewfcd` 66lW7 binfnc` " HWafqfgfs` |ewjdefas en x82Dinx s`wr`w

Fpwid 7?66

8? awir`s=8 x 1??LG SSA (6?%)$ 1? x 3??LGBC 60J wpk (0?%)$ 37 x SFQF 6QG<.7J wpk (1?%)

86% ikpwer`k`nq in qwfnsfcqiensp`w kinq` bew cekginà afqfgfs`|ewjdefa: 62?% ikpwer`k`nq bew s`pfwfq`dy+kfnflà |ewjdefas

Cekpd`x EDQ_ `nriwenk`nq enqhw`` AG7 9.< DP\ afqfgfs`s

Mfnfwy 7?66

8? awir`s=8 x 1??LG SSA (6?%)$ 1? x 3??LGBC 60J wpk (0?%)$ 37 x SFQF 6QG<.7J wpk (1?%)

?.<2% qe 63.12% ikpwer`k`nqs inqwfnsfcqiens p`w kinq` a`p`nainlen |ewjdefa chfwfcq`wisqics

Bilw` 67= @KC BFSQ R_ _`wbewkfnc` Q`sqs – Skkfwy

IGK q`sqs hfr` she|n sikidfw rfwifnc`s. Fccewainl qe qh` cekpfny$ fn inq`wnfd q`sq sinl f qwfnsfcqienfd

afqfgfs` |ewjdefa she|à qhfq s` eb 63 p`wc`nq SSAs fchi`rà f 6<6 p`wc`nq p`wbewkfnc` lfin. Qhis

gd`na ebb`wà qh` de|`sq cesq eb sqewfl` p`w qwfnsfcqien p`w s`cena eb fny eb qh` cenbilwfqiens q`sqà.



Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep 6<

A@QFID@A AFQF

Insqfddfqiens fna Sc`nfwies

Cesq cekpfwisens pw`s`nqà in qhis w`pewq fw` gfsà en hilh+`na aisj sysq`k insqfddfqiens in qhw`` dfwl`

s`w ewlfni}fqiens |hes` gsin`ss pwebid`s fw` skkfwi}à in bilw` 63.

BINFNCIFD S@WRIC@SCEK_FNY

KFNPBFCQPWINLCEK_FNY

IQ S@WRIC@SCEK_FNY

Air`wsibià w`qfid gfnj!2?? giddien fss`qs60* kiddien csqek`ws7$???* gwfnch`s20$??? kpdey``s

Censk`w pfcjflà leeas!60 giddien w`r`n`s<?* kfnbfcqwinl "aisqwigqien c`nq`ws30$??? kpdey``s

Afqf c`nq`w$ fppdicfqien "q`d`cekknicfqiens s`wric`s!1 giddien w`r`n`s6? ep`wfqiens c`nq`ws7?$??? kpdey``s

Bilw` 63= Insqfddfqiens Skkfwy – Gsin`ss _webid`s

Insqfddfqiens |`w` gfsà en afqf en aisj sysq`k hfwa|fw` fna sebq|fw` cenbilwfqiens$ fppdicfqiens$cfpfciqy lwe|qh wfq`s$ hesq pdfqbewks (`.l.$ kfinbwfk`s$ PNIX$ \inae|s ew Dinx s`wr`ws) fna eqh`w

sgm`cqs w`pewqà gy s`ws eb @KC RKFX fna%ew IGK AS88?? sysq`ks.

Ewlfni}fqiens fdse `kpdeyà eda`w @KC fna IGK hilh+`na aisj pdfqbewks. Qh`s` |`w` qwfnsdfqà inqeRKFX fna AS88?? cenbilwfqiens gfsà en insqfddà cfpfciqy in q`wfgyq`s$ p`wbewkfnc` chfwfcq`wisqics$

gsin`ss cwiqicfdiqy fna pwem`cqà lwe|qh wfq`s.

In qh` binfncifd s`wric`s fna IQ s`wric`s cekpfny insqfddfqiens$ hilh+`na aisj sysq`ks sppewq kix`s eb kfinbwfk` fna ep`n sysq`ks hesqs. In qh` kfnbfcqwinl cekpfny insqfddfqien$ sysq`ks sppewq PNIX

fna \inae|s s`wr`ws. G`cfs` eb kfinbwfk` cenn`cqiriqy w`viw`k`nq fna%ew afqf c`nq`w fna ep`wfqienfd

chfwfcq`wisqics$ RKFX` sysq`ks |`w` neq w`fdisqic cfnaiafq`s bew s` in cekpfwisens.

Bew `fch insqfddfqien$ q|e sc`nfwies |`w` a`r`depà=

6. Cenr`nqienfd sc`nfwies fw` bew s` eb RKFX fna AS88?? sysq`ks `vippà |iqh 60J wpk

3??LG 3.0+inch BC fna 7.0+inch SFS+7 aisjs w`sp`cqir`dy.

7. Qi`wà sc`nfwies fw` bew s` eb qh` sfk` sysq`ks in qhw``+qi`w cenbilwfqiens `kpdeyinl BFSQ R_fna @fsy Qi`w R3 w`sp`cqir`dy.

RKFX sysq`ks |`w` `vippà |iqh 3.0+inch 1??LG SSAs$ 60J wpk 3??LG BC$ fna <.7J wpk

7QG SFQF aisjs$ |hid` AS88?? sysq`ks |`w` `vippà |iqh 7.0+inch 3??LG SSAs$ 7.0+inch60J wpk 3??LG SFS+7$ fna 3.0+inch <.7J wpk 3QG N`fwdin` SFS+7 awir`s.

Bew geqh s`qs eb sc`nfwies$ WFIA 0 |iqh newkfd cekpd`k`nqs eb spfw`s |fs `kpdeyà. Cenbilwfqiens

fdse incda` qh` sebq|fw` pweacqs she|n in bilw` 61.

BPNCQIEN @KC RKFX SYSQ@K IGK AS88?? SYSQ@K

Ep`wfqinl sysq`k @nliniqy 08<0 Ep`wfqinl @nriwenk`nq Dic`ns`

_einq+in+qik` Cepy Qik`Bina`w BdfshCepy

W`fd+qik` w`pdicfqien SWABF$ SWABS Ldegfd Kiwwew$ K`qwe Kiwwew

Kdqipfqhinl _e|`w_fqh (hesq+gfsà) Sgsysq`k A`ric` Awir`w

Bilw` 61= Sebq|fw` _weacqs @kpdeyà in Fdd Cekpfwisens




W`fd+qik` w`pdicfqien sebq|fw` is `kpdeyà endy bew sysq`ks w`viwinl `xc`pqienfddy hilh d`r`ds eb

frfidfgidiqy fna w`cer`wfgidiqy.

Qi`wà RKFX sc`nfwies fdse incda` @KC BFSQ Siq` fna Qi`w Farisew Qeed. Qi`wà AS88?? sc`nfwiesincda` @fsy Qi`w R3 fna Sqewfl` Qi`w Farisew Qeed.

Hfwa|fw` fna sebq|fw` cenbilwfqiens |`w` qh`n a`q`wkinà bew `fch insqfddfqien fna sc`nfwie er`w f

qhw``+y`fw p`wiea. W`sdqs fw` skkfwi}à in bilw`s 60 fna 62.



IQ S@WRIC@SCEK_FNY

@KC RKFX SYSQ@KS

Iniqifd Cenbilwfqien

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 698QG$ 7 x 82QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 776QG$ 6 x 698QG6 x 6?8QG

Qeqfd= 6$?90QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 611QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 689QG$ 6 x 672QG6 x 99QG$ 6 x 90QG

Qeqfd= <9<QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 608QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 663QG$ 6 x 9?QG

Qeqfd= 069QG

@na eb _`wiea Cenbilwfqien

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 1?0QG$ 7 x 7?3QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 121QG$ 6 x 383QG6 x 627QG

Qeqfd= 7$770QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 36<QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

7 x 371QG$ 6 x 713QG6 x 680QG

Qeqfd= 6$<6?QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 31<QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 691QG$ 6 x 6<6QG

Qeqfd= 6$?09QG

IGK AS88?? SYSQ@KS


Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 7?7QG$ 7 x 82QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 773QG$ 6 x 7?7QG6 x 6?8QG

Qeqfd= 6$6?9QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 611QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 68<QG$ 6 x 677QG6 x 6?6QG$ 6 x 91QG

Qeqfd= <97QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 608QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 660QG$ 6 x 91QG

Qeqfd= 070QG


Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 16?QG$ 7 x 7?9QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 126QG$ 6 x 387QG6 x 622QG

Qeqfd= 7$71<QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 36<QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

7 x 371QG$ 6 x 710QG6 x 68<QG

Qeqfd= 6$<61QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 312QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 691QG$ 6 x 6<3QG

Qeqfd= 6$?09QG

Bilw` 60= Insqfddfqiens Skkfwy – Cenr`nqienfd Sc`nfwies

Q`wfgyq` rfd`s she|n fw` bew wf| physicfd cfpfciqy.






IQ S@WRIC@SCEK_FNY

@KC RKFX SYSQ@KS


Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 627QG$ 7 x 662QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 13<QG$ 6 x 3<9QG6 x 96QG

Qeqfd= 6$123QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 6<<QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 763QG$ 6 x 621QG6 x 602QG$ 6 x <<QG

Qeqfd= 921QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 373QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 776QG$ 6 x 696QG

Qeqfd= 6$?08QG


Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 37?QG$ 7 x 79?QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x <27QG$ 6 x <19QG6 x 616QG

Qeqfd= 7$8<7QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 383QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 137QG$ 6 x 3<9QG6 x 3<7QG$ 6 x 619QG

Qeqfd= 7$?98QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x <?3QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 3<1QG$ 6 x 320QG

Qeqfd= 7$610QG

IGK AS88?? SYSQ@KSIniqifd Cenbilwfqien

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 6<1QG$ 7 x 677QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 110QG$ 6 x 373QG6 x 9<QG

Qeqfd= 6$10<QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 6<3QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 777QG$ 6 x 629QG6 x 619QG$ 6 x 80QG

Qeqfd= 9<6QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 336QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 760QG$ 6 x 681QG

Qeqfd= 6$?26QG


Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 32?QG$ 7 x 78?QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x <2?QG$ 6 x <13QG6 x 619QG

Qeqfd= 7$937QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x 38<QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 11<QG$ 6 x 39?QG6 x 329QG$ 6 x 622QG

Qeqfd= 7$612QG

Gsin`ss+cwiqicfd

7 x <??QG

Eqh`w sysq`ks

6 x 3<1QG$ 6 x 326QG

Qeqfd= 7$630QG

Bilw` 62= Insqfddfqiens Skkfwy – Qi`wà Sc`nfwies

Cesq Cfdcpdfqiens

Cesqs |`w` cfdcdfqà fs bedde|s=

‧ Sysq`k cesqs incda` iniqifd hfwa|fw` fna dic`ns` fcvisiqien$ fs |`dd fs cesqs eb hfwa|fw` fna

sebq|fw` plwfa`s er`w qhw``+y`fw p`wieas.

Cfdcdfqiens ae neq incda` hfwa|fw` kfinq`nfnc` cesqs. @KC ebb`ws f sqfnafwa qhw``+y`fw 71x<|fwwfnqy bew RKFX hfwa|fw`$ |hid` cesqs bew AS88?? sysq`ks |`w` gfsà en qhw``+y`fw

|fwwfnqy kea`ds ebb`wà gy qh` cekpfny.

RKFX cesqs incda` sebq|fw` kfinq`nfnc`. Fdqhelh @KC ebb`ws f 9?+afy |fwwfnqy bew RKFXsebq|fw`$ qhis fppdi`s endy qe kàif a`b`cqs. Sinc` sch a`b`cqs fw` wfw`$ iq is fsskà qhfq ne

|fwwfnqy cer`wfl` eccws: i.`.$ kfinq`nfnc` chfwl`s fppdy pen insqfddfqien. AS88?? cfdcdfqiens

fw` gfsà en qhw``+y`fw sysq`k |fwwfnqy epqiens.



Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep 7?

Bew qi`wà sc`nfwies$ sebq|fw` fcvisiqien fna kfinq`nfnc` cfdcdfqiens fdde| bew rfwifqiens in

@KC pwicinl bew SFQF fna nen+SFQF a`ric`s$ fna in IGK pwicinl bew s` eb SSA$ SFS+7 ew n`fwdin` awir`s.

‧ Afqf c`nq`w cesqs incda` fcvisiqien fna kfinq`nfnc` cesqs bew afqf c`nq`w inbwfsqwcqw`

`vipk`nq incdainl CWFC$ ceedinl$ P_S$ _AS fna eqh`w inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq: fna

eccpfncy fna `n`wly cesqs bew aisj sysq`ks fs |`dd fs inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq.

Eccpfncy cesqs |`w` cfdcdfqà gfsà en beeqpwinqs bew aisj sysq`ks fs |`dd fs inbwfsqwcqw`

`vipk`nq$ incdainl fdde|fnc` bew s`wric` cd`fwfnc`s$ fisd`s fna eqh`w infcqir` fw`fs. Cesqs |`w`

cfdcdfqà sinl fn er`wh`fa fsskpqien bew cesq p`w svfw` beeq p`w y`fw bew fn fppwexikfq`dy1?$??? svfw` beeq Qi`w 1 bfcidiqy.

Inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq cesqs |`w` cfdcdfqà gfsà en aiscenqà pwchfs` fna kfinq`nfnc` pwic`s bew kea`ds bwek d`fainl r`naews sppdyinl dfwl` cewpewfq` afqf c`nq`ws. Cesqs |`w` pwewfqà: `.l.$ ib aisj sysq`ks w`viwà 1? p`wc`nq eb qh` cfpfciqy eb f 3?+qen chidd`w$ cfdcdfqiens

|`w` bew 1? p`wc`nq eb qhw``+y`fw cesqs bew qhis niq.

@n`wly cesqs |`w` a`q`wkinà sinl r`naew wfqinls fna ina`p`na`nq `sqikfq`s bew aisj sysq`ks

fna inbwfsqwcqw` `vipk`nq. Cfdcdfqiens |`w` gfsà en sp`cibic qidi}fqien d`r`ds fna hews eb ep`wfqien. F cens`wrfqir` fsskpqien bew fr`wfl` cesq p`w jide|fqq+hew |fs `kpdeyà. Qhis

w`kfinà censqfnq er`w qh` qhw``+y`fw k`fsw`k`nq p`wiea.

Fdd cesq cfdcdfqiens fw` bew qh` Pniqà Sqfq`s.

Cesq Gw`fjae|ns

A`qfidà cesq gw`fjae|ns fw` pw`s`nqà in bilw`s 6< fna 68.

Cfq`lewy Binfncifd S`wric`s

Cekpfny Kfnbfcqwinl

Cekpfny IQ S`wric`s Cekpfny

@KC SYKK@QWIX RKFX SYSQ@KS Hfwa|fw` 7?$1?0 61$668 67$963

Sebq|fw` 6?$036 <$196 0$383

Sebq|fw` sppewq 3$222 7$0<? 6$838

Afqf c`nq`w 6$8<3 6$?29 87?

Qeqfd (!???) 32$1<0 70$718 7?$901

IGK AS88?? SYSQ@KS

Hfwa|fw` 62$<13 6?$818 8$617

Sebq|fw` 6?$<30 0$920 1$828

Afqf c`nq`w 6$789 <73 077

Qeqfd (!???) 78$<28 6<$03< 63$037

Bilw` 6<= Qhw``+y`fw Cesq Gw`fjae|ns – Cenr`nqienfd Cekpfwisens




Cfq`lewy Binfncifd S`wric`s

Cekpfny Kfnbfcqwinl

Cekpfny IQ S`wric`sCekpfny

@KC SYKK@QWIX RKFX SYSQ@KS |iqh BFSQ R_

Hfwa|fw` 72$?1< 68$380 60$611

Sebq|fw` 66$<77 8$077 <$333

Sebq|fw` sppewq 1$?23 7$9?9 7$018

Afqf c`nq`w 6$067 8<1 210

Qeqfd (!???) 13$311 3?$29? 70$2<?

IGK AS88?? SYSQ@KS |iqh @FSY QI@W R3

Hfwa|fw` 7?$17? 61$277 9$397

Sebq|fw` 6?$632 <$?67 0$?61

Afqf c`nq`w 98< 0<6 389

Qeqfd (!???) 36$013 77$7?0 61$<90

Bilw` 68= Qhw``+y`fw Cesq Gw`fjae|ns – Qi`w`a Cekpfwisens



FGEPQ QH@ INQ@WNFQIENFD Q@CHNEDELYLWEP_

IQL shfwp`ns yew f|fw`n`ss eb |hfq’s hfpp`ninl fna yew cekp`qiqir` àl`

. . . qhis ceda fbb`cq yew bqw` lwe|qh fna pwebiq pwesp`cqs

Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep (IQL)$ `sqfgdishà in 6983$ is fn ina`p`na`nq w`s`fwch fna kfnfl`k`nq

censdqinl biwk sp`cifdi}inl in inbewkfqien q`chnedely (IQ) inr`sqk`nq sqwfq`ly$ cesq%g`n`biq k`qwics$inbwfsqwcqw` sqai`s$ a`pdeyk`nq qfcqics$ gsin`ss fdilnk`nq fna binfncifd fnfdysis.

IQL |fs fn `fwdy innerfqew fna pien``w in a`r`depinl qeqfd cesq eb e|n`wship (QCE) fna w`qwn eninr`sqk`nq (WEI) pwec`ss`s fna k`qheaedeli`s. In 7??1$ qh` biwk w`cìrà f A`cfa` eb @acfqien F|fwa

bwek qh` Inbewkfqien Q`chnedely Binfncifd Kfnfl`k`nq Fssecifqien (IQBKF)$ qh` d`fainl pweb`ssienfd

fssecifqien aàicfqà qe àcfqien fna farfnc`k`nq eb binfncifd kfnfl`k`nq pwfcqic`s in `na+s`w IQewlfni}fqiens.

Qh` biwk hfs na`wqfj`n kew` qhfn 67? kfmew censdqinl pwem`cqs$ w`d`fsà kew` qhfn 70? kfnfl`k`nq

w`pewqs fna |hiq` pfp`ws fna kew` qhfn 6$8?? gwi`binls fna pw`s`nqfqiens qe inairiafd cdi`nqs$ s`w lweps$ inasqwy cenb`w`nc`s fna s`kinfws qhwelheq qh` |ewda.

Cdi`nq s`wric`s fw` a`silnà qe pweria` bfcqfd afqf fna w`difgd` aeck`nqfqien qe fssisq in qh` a`cisien+kfjinl pwec`ss. Inbewkfqien pweriaà `sqfgdish`s qh` gfsis bew a`r`depinl qfcqicfd fna sqwfq`lic pdfns.

Ikpewqfnq a`r`depk`nqs fw` fnfdy}à fna pwfcqicfd liafnc` is ebb`wà en qh` kesq `bb`cqir` |fys qe

w`spena qe chfnl`s qhfq kfy ikpfcq cekpd`x IQ a`pdeyk`nq fl`nafs.

F gwefa wfnl` eb s`wric`s is ebb`wà$ bwnishinl cdi`nqs |iqh qh` inbewkfqien n`c`ssfwy qe cekpd`k`nq

qhìw inq`wnfd cfpfgidiqi`s fna w`sewc`s. Csqeki}à cdi`nq pwelwfks inredr` rfwies cekginfqiens eb qh`

bedde|inl a`dir`wfgd`s=

Sqfqs W`pewqs In+a`pqh sqai`s eb ikpewqfnq iss`s

Kfnfl`k`nq Gwi`bs A`qfidà fnfdysis eb silnibicfnq a`r`depk`nqs

Kfnfl`k`nq Gwi`binls _`wieaic inq`wfcqir` k``qinls |iqh kfnfl`k`nq

@x`cqir` _w`s`nqfqiens Schàdà sqwfq`lic pw`s`nqfqiens bew a`cisien+kfj`ws

@kfid Cekknicfqiens Qik`dy w`pdi`s qe inbewkfqienfd w`v`sqs

Q`d`phen` Censdqfqien Ikkàifq` w`spens` qe inbewkfqienfd n`às

Cdi`nqs incda` f cwess s`cqien eb IQ `na s`ws in qh` pwirfq` fna pgdic s`cqews w`pw`s`nqinl kdqinfqienfdcewpewfqiens$ inasqwifd cekpfni`s$ binfncifd insqiqqiens$ s`wric` ewlfni}fqiens$ àcfqienfd insqiqqiens$

bà`wfd fna sqfq` ler`wnk`nq fl`nci`s fs |`dd fs IQ sysq`k sppdi`ws$ sebq|fw` r`naews fna s`wric` biwks.

Bà`wfd ler`wnk`nq cdi`nqs hfr` incdaà fl`nci`s |iqhin qh` A`pfwqk`nq eb A`b`ns` (`.l. AISF)$A`pfwqk`nq eb Qwfnspewqfqien (`.l. BFF) fna A`pfwqk`nq eb Qw`fswy (`.l. PS Kinq).

Inq`wnfqienfd Q`chnedely Lwep2?9 _fcibic Fr`n`$ Siq` 6?7Sfnqf Cw}$ Cfdibewnif 90?2?+11?2

Q`d`phen`= * 836+17<+972?

@kfid= CenqfcqOIQLbewInbe.cek

itg: cost/benefit case for the ibm ds8800 systems: comparing costs for ds8800 and emc vmax systems

Documents