it's a noisy world after all: current and future perspectivesglobal estimates of recreational...
TRANSCRIPT
Brian Fligor, ScD
Chief Audiology Officer, Lantos Technologies, Inc.
President, Boston Audiology Consultants and Musicians’ Hearing ProgramAdjunct Instructor, Northeastern University, Salus University
It's a Noisy World After All:
Current and Future Perspectives
The Curious Case of the Loud Yoga Pants and
Noisy SunChipsTM Bag
Brian Fligor, ScD
Chief Audiology Officer, Lantos Technologies, Inc.
President, Boston Audiology Consultants and Musicians’ Hearing ProgramAdjunct Instructor, Northeastern University, Salus University
Tranquility…a state of quietness and peacefulness
a state of freedom from agitation in mind or spirit
freedom from disturbance or turmoil
Copyright: http://www.123rf.com/profile_tolokonov'>tolokonov / 123RF Stock Photo
Cacaphony…
Copyright: 'http://www.123rf.com/profile_jjuncadella'>jjuncadella / 123RF Stock Photo
a state of pandemonium, turmoil, tumult, commotion, bustle
Auditory and Non-Auditory
Effects of Noise Exposure
Auditory:
Noise-induced PTS/TTS
Tinnitus
Hyperacusis
Diplacusis
Non-auditory:
Communication
interference
Sleep disturbance
Cardiovascular effects
Mental health impact
Impaired task performance
Negative social behavior
Global Burden of Occupational NIHL
250 million worldwide with sensorineural hearing loss
Much attributed to occupational noise
16% of disabling hearing loss (≥ 41 dB HL) due to
occupational noise
4 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
Range 7 – 21%
Male > Female
Developing countries > Developed
WHO (2002); Nelson et al. (2005)
Global Estimates of Recreational NIHL
16 – 66 million in the U.S. recreational exposure (EPA, 1981)
Recreational firearms, recreational vehicles, loud music,
fireworks, recreational woodworking, home improvement and
landscaping…
95% of young adults in England attend nightclubs: 85-105 dBA
(Smith et al, 2000)
Brazilian DJs exposed 93-110 dBA (Santos et al, 2007)
124 million portable listening devices sold in Europe 2004-2007
Majority of Flemish high school students use PLD daily, 35% set
the volume control to 80% or higher (Gilles et al, 2013)
75% of Flemish high school students have temporary tinnitus,
18% constant tinnitus; 5% use HPD (Gilles et al, 2013)
Non-Auditory Effects of Noise
Sound has meaning: positive or negative
If habituation, deemed neutral
Noise as a
Tool
Burden
Reflection of Identity
Noise as a Tool
http://www.janegoodall.org/janes-story
Noise as a Burden
The “Hum”
https://www.google.com/fusiontables/DataSource?docid=1gt8vOZvoidmE_I63nY43HxHl05ZUbz6Ygy0p6P4#map:id=3
Noise as a Burden
Urban life:
EPA (1974) model of noise level as function of population density
Ldn = 10*log10(p) + 22 dB; p = persons/mi2
Predicted
level (Ldn)
Density
(persons/mi2) City
71.6 90600 Dhaka
70.5 70600 Mumbai
69.0 50180 Cairo
67.7 37000 Delhi
67.7 37000 Manila
66.3 27000 Seoul
66.0 25000 Mexico City
65.1 20400 Jakarta
64.6 18100 Sao Paolo
64.2 16500 Shanghai
63.4 13870 London
62.2 10500 Tokyo
58.5 4500 New York
Applying 1974 model
for 13 US cities, 100
measurement sites
to 2011 census data
internationally
PLD Listening Levels in NYC
Fligor et al (2014)
Ambient, Union Square
= 75-85 dBA
Gershon, et al (2006)
subway = 83-106 dBA
NYC Estimated weekly sound exposure
Box-and-whisker plot showing weekly average exposure median,
interquartile range, and maximum and minimum
Mean LAwkn, female = 88.8 dBA Mean LAwkn, male = 89.0 dBA
No significant
difference for
gender
(p>0.05)
“Risk”
Levey, Levey and Fligor (2011)
NYC Campus and Union Square, PLD use
Ethnicity/Race % Exceeds Max
Daily Noise Dose
% Exceeds Max
Weekly Noise
Dose
African 60% 60%
African American 86%* 86%**
Asian 60% 60%
Caribbean 69% 46%
Hispanic 65% 61%
White 37% 34%
Fligor, Levey & Levey (2014)
*p = 0.004; **p = 0.002; “Max Dose” defined as 85 dBA, trade 3
NYC Campus and Union Square, PLD use
Age % Exceeds Max
Daily Noise Dose
% Exceeds Max
Weekly Noise
Dose
18-24 years 68%* 65%**
25-56 years 48% 41%
Fligor, Levey & Levey (2014)
*p = 0.015; **p = 0.004 ; “Max Dose” defined as 85 dBA, trade 3
Non-significant: Education, gender, NIHL-risk awareness, campus vs.
Union Square, mode of transit, device-type, or music genre
Significant Factor: Social identity?
Noise as a Reflection of Identity
Plastic Compostable
Noise as a Reflection of Identity
“It’s bad enough wearing pants to help slim down but to have them make a swish
swish noise as I’m walking or… moving? Horrible. I felt like they were announcing
“Lady with fat legs entering the domicile, everyone stare as her pants serenade you!”
Bamboozle Road Show, June 2010
Bamboozle Road Show, June 2010
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