its at borders and ports edward mccormack cee 582
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ITS at Borders and Ports
Edward McCormack CEE 582
![Page 2: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ports
![Page 3: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Port Operations• Vessel operations – movement and
docking of ships on waterside• Terminal operations – load/unloading
and temporary storage of cargo• Landside operations – movement of
cargo in/out of port on landside
• Technology can integrate these operations but there is tends to be a lack of coordination because mix of public and private functions
![Page 4: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Landside Operations
• Truck dray cargo between port and rail yard, warehouse, or ultimate origin (or vice-versa)
• Each port terminal has a gate and information system to tell trucker where to pickup or leave cargo in terminal
• Gate also provides security• Information exchange with truckers
typically by fax, teletype, or phone but electronic data Interchange (EDI)/Internet use is growing
![Page 5: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Port Gate
![Page 6: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Transportation Problem at the Ports
• Urban roadways congested as truckers trying to access or leave port
• Long queues at port gate as trucker try to get into terminal
• Backup onto public streets
![Page 7: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Landside Access Problems• Arterials leading to port often not up
to truck traffic generated by port (geometrics, RR crossings, turn lanes)
• Cars and trucks do not mix well• Little public support for “more” trucks
on roads• Freight (containers) is increasing
concentrated on major gateway exacerbating the problem
![Page 8: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Delays at gates
• Driver arrives before cargo is ready• Bad information about pickup which
requires research at gate• Drivers go to wrong terminal • Proper equipment not ready• Gate hours limited• Ships getting larger so more peaking• Language problems at gate
![Page 9: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
ITS and Ports
• ITS can improve physical flows (trucks picking up and delivering cargo)
• ITS can improve information flows between truckers, shipper, terminal, etc
![Page 10: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Fixing Landside Port Congestion
• Connect trucker to information about availability of containers more efficiently
• Increase throughput at port gate• Improve roadway access to ports
(traveler info systems, grade separate RR crossings, truck only routes)
• Keep terminals open longer
![Page 12: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Connect Truckers to Containers
• California’s Port Appointment System– Law mandates a $250 fine for every truck
that idles for more than 30 minutes (driven by air quality concerns)
– Exemptions for terminals that provide a pickup or appointment system
– eModal has set up internet based appointment system that forecast pick-up times for trucks
![Page 13: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Connect Truckers to Containers
• eModal links various databases to provide notification systems when container is available
• Reduce queues and increase trucker’s efficiency
• Private fee based system
![Page 14: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Connect Truckers to Containers in Port
• Provide in-port information to direct trucks to container in terminals
• Using a combination of– GPS on chassis and yard trucks – wireless networks– Transponders on equipment – Software
• Also used for asset management
![Page 15: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Connect Truckers to Containers
• Freight Information Real Time System for Transport (FIRST) in NY
• Web site to integrates freight information systems to provide real-time information to drayage truckers
• Provides water, port, highway information to registered users
• Poor coordination between public and private agencies
• So not well used
![Page 16: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Increase throughput at gates
• Validate driver and vehicle– Use biometrics– Smart cards– Electronic cargo identification (transponders)– Optical character recognition for container number
• Replace paper transactions with electronics
• A smart Transportation Worker Identification Card (TWIC) may be required by Homeland Security
![Page 17: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Improve Roadway Access to Ports
• Port typically have had little concern beyond gates
• ITS systems can provide traffic and incident information on port access roads
• Cameras at port gates
![Page 18: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
ATMIS in California• Ports of LA and Long Beach has
Advanced Transportation Management, Information, and Security Systems (ATMIS)
• Traffic component includes:– Cameras– Port gate queue detection – VMS– Link to other traffic management centers– Communication network– Truck-oriented traveler information
![Page 19: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
ATMIS
![Page 20: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Challenges: Drayage Truckers
• Owner-operator is most common drayage trucker at ports
• Low income so they can not afford expensive equipment
• Truck parking in insecure locations so ITS equipment theft can be problems
• Drivers paid by trip so competition to get through gate
![Page 21: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Challenges
• Data sharing systems requires public - private cooperation
• Port and terminal operators are competitive with proprietary data systems
• Port access roads often arterials and often not instrumented
• Who pays for these systems?
![Page 22: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Borders and ITS
![Page 23: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
National Borders Problem Context
• Primary Border Function– Ensure That Only
Permitted Persons and Goods Enter the Country
• Inspection Process Results In Congestion
• ITS Solution Sets – Provide Traveler
Information– Improve Processing
TimeSource: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 24: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Border Data• Freight (much of the paper work is handled
by brokers)– Tariffs – Quotas– Bills of lading/manifests – Produce control (such as drug interdiction) – Currency law
• People (held by each individual traveler)– Nationality– Health– Employment status– Time in or out of county– Permission to enter or stay in country– Political status – Criminal record
![Page 25: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Many Agencies Involved in Border Operations
•Customs and Border Protection– Immigration– Cargo– Agriculture
•DEA•Fish and Wildlife •U.S. Marshals•ATF•Coast Guard
•Border station “owned” by Government Services Agency
![Page 26: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Complex Environment
Source: WCOG
![Page 27: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Freight at the Border Post 9-11
• Emphasis on security• Customs went from revenue collection
to a security agency• Increasing reliance on pre-clearance of
known shippers and closer scrutiny of chains of custody
• Increasing use of ITS and other technologies to verify cargo, vehicle, driver
![Page 28: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Smart Border Accord & Technology
• In 2002, US and Canada agreed to sort out border issues
• 30 point accord heavy on technology including ITS
• But technology alone does not make the border smart• It can enhance security
• by reducing identity fraud• by help to sort and analyze traveler information
• And can improve traffic flow• by linking data and pre-clearing travelers / cargo• by managing congestion
![Page 29: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Washington - British
Columbia Region
![Page 30: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Washington Borders
• Four Crossings at Wash./B.C. border
• Two can be used by trucks
• Operates as a system
![Page 31: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
And the Washington/B.C. Border has a Congestion
Problem• 4th busiest commercial crossing on
border• 1 million trucks crossed in 2002• 7 million cars crossed in 2002• Delay costs millions per year• Traffic has doubled since 1991 but
staffing has not
![Page 32: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ITS Solutions – Border Crossing Advanced
Traveler Information System (ATIS)
![Page 33: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Background
Traveler Information Needs:
• Pre-trip planning information
• Advance notification of crossing wait times
Source: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 34: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Pre-Trip Information
• Traffic Cameras• Historical Wait Time Data• Customs Reports
![Page 35: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Peace Arch or Pacific Highway?
, WA
SURREY, BC
??
??
PeacePeace Arch Arch
Pacific Pacific HighwayHighway
99
Source: WCOG
![Page 36: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
, WA
SURREY, BC
PeacePeace Arch Arch
Pacific Pacific HighwayHighway
PA….25 minPH….37 min
PA….55 minPH….10 minSource: WCOG
The ATIS Solution
NB: Save 45 minutes at Pac Hwy.SB: Save 8 minutes at Peace Arch.
![Page 37: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
British Columbia Southbound ATIS Project
• Funds From Both Countries
• Measures Real-time Border Crossing Times
• Captures Video Images
• Message Signs, Telephone, & Internet
![Page 38: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Southbound ATIS
![Page 39: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Northbound ATIS • Developed by WSDOT• Project includes:
– Web Site– Traffic Cameras– Highway Advisory Radio– Loop Detectors
• Border Agencies Interested in Data– Including Access to CCTV
Cameras
![Page 40: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Northbound ATIS
![Page 41: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Improving Processing Time
![Page 42: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
ITS Approaches to Improve Processing Time
• Identification of lower-risk vehicles and shipments
• Make the data exchanges electronic (reduce paper transactions)
• Use inspection technology
![Page 43: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ITS Solutions for Passenger Vehicles
![Page 44: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
License Plate Readers
• Electronic identification of license plates
• Automatic link to law enforcement databases
• Helps identify of vehicles of interest
![Page 45: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
License Plate Readers
• Uses optical character recognition and works at night
• Have difficulty reading some state’s plates, some fonts, and in some weather conditions
• Border traffic is slow speed so system works well
• Needs to tied to a database
![Page 46: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
NEXUS Program
• Passenger vehicles• Smart card-based,
bi-national travel program
• Pre-approved travelers can skip queues and access a dedicated commuter lane
1-866-NEXUS26
www.ccra.gc.ca/nexus
![Page 47: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Nexus Card
• Cost $50 (US) for approved individuals
• Proximity-based radio frequency card with chip and antenna
• Reader next to inspection booth
• Displays data and digital photo inside booth
![Page 48: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Solutions for Freight Movement
![Page 49: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
The Trade Flow
Cargo
Shipper
Customs Forms
Carrier
Border Inspection
Driver
Vehicle
Source: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 50: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Electronic Filing
Customs Forms
Cargo
ShipperCarrier
Border Inspection
Driver
Vehicle
Customs Systems
US Now Requires One Hour
Notification
Source: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 51: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
WSDOT In–Bond Project
• In-Bond Shipments– Transit shipments thru the US– Shipper posts a bond
• Tracks shipment from Ports of Seattle and Tacoma to border with Canada
• Uses Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) Technology– Vehicle Mounted Transponder (the CVISN
Transponder)– Roadside Readers (at WIM sites and the borders)
![Page 52: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Source: Bart Cima IBI
In-Bond Project
Cargo
ShipperCarrier
Border Inspection
Driver
Vehicle
Customs Systems
Transponder
Source: Bart Cima IBI
Source: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 53: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Northbound In-Bond Process• When truck exits port,
the system alerts US Customs
• AVI readers at weigh stations provide en-route information
• AVI reader south of the border gives preview of in-bond status
• Automatically clears out the bond and marks the cargo as exported
![Page 54: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
In-Bond ITS Needs Border Infrastructure
• No advantages to transponder truck if stuck behind untagged trucks
• New Lane at Blainewill provide access for transponder equipped trucks
![Page 55: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
Risk Assessment• Identification of Lower Risk
Shipments • A number of programs designed to
reduce risk– Pre-arrival program for trusted truckers– Automated targeting systems– Electronic container seals
• Allow inspection agencies to focus on higher-risk traffic
![Page 56: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Risk Assessment
Cargo
ShipperCarrier
Border Inspection
Driver
Vehicle
Customs Systems Risk Assessment
E-Seal
Source: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 57: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Risk Assessment & Container Seals
Standard “dumb” seal
Transponder door seal
![Page 58: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
An eSeal that was tested in Washington
• Disposable transponder for container door
• 316 MHz (military frequency)
• Costs $5 to $40?
• Tamper indicator message
• Readable at 35 MPH
• Transmits unique ID number
![Page 59: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Electronic Container Seals
![Page 60: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Electronic Seal Functions
• Reusable or disposable• Battery life• Durability• Cost• Active or passive• Frequency (no standard yet)• Readable at freeway speeds• Range• Security
![Page 61: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Example: How Electronic Seals Work
• In-transit containers of prohibited foods “lost” by US Department of Agriculture
• Seal track containers from Texas and Port of Tacoma to Canada
• Reader at border indicates when containers have left country
![Page 62: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
eSeal being Programmed
![Page 63: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
eSeal Installed
![Page 64: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
eSeal Readers at Border
![Page 65: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Internet Backbone
![Page 66: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Advantages of the Electronic Seals
• Electronic data reduces paper work, increase accuracy
• Security – more positive ID of container
• Track freight in ports and on highways
• Step towards tagging all containers
• Focus enforcement resources
![Page 67: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Risk Assessment - FAST
• Free and Secure Trade (FAST) Program• Pre-Screens
– Commercial Drivers– Carriers– Shippers
• Transponder Issued to Trucks• Smart Card to Drivers• Requires Electronic Filing of Custom
Forms• Provides Dedicated Lane
![Page 68: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
Source: Bart Cima IBI
FAST
Cargo
ShipperCarrier
Border Inspection
Driver
Vehicle
Customs Systems Risk Assessment
Transponder FAST
Source: Bart Cima IBI
![Page 69: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
FAST Proximity Card
![Page 70: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Screening Technologies
![Page 71: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
Biometrics
• Fingerprint, iris scan, facial, hand geometry, speech recognition
• Expensive and requires large database
• Privacy concerns• Slows border process – false positives• Best used in indoor, controlled
environment
![Page 72: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
The new VISIT Program uses Fingerprint
Biometrics
![Page 73: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
Mobile VACIS
• Vehicle And Cargo Inspection System
• Truck Mounted Gamma Ray Mobile Scanning System
• Captures an Image of Contents
• Image Similar to an X-ray.
![Page 74: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
VACUS
![Page 75: ITS at Borders and Ports Edward McCormack CEE 582](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051316/56649eca5503460f94bd8cf1/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
Screening Technologies
• Computer tomography (CAT scan)• x-ray scanning• gamma-ray imaging (VACUS) • neutron interrogation• ultrasonic and thermal imaging• Spectral analysis• Others under development