By,

K.PRASHANTH BABU

Dept. of Civil Engineering,

CMRCET, Medchal

WHAT IS I.T.SWHAT IS I.T.S I.T.S MEANS INTELIGENT TRANSPORTATION I.T.S MEANS INTELIGENT TRANSPORTATION

SYSTEM.SYSTEM. IT IS A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN IT IS A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN

TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRYTRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY MOST OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD MOST OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

ARE NOW IMPLEMENTING THIS ARE NOW IMPLEMENTING THIS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

IT SAVE LIVES,TIME AND MONEYIT SAVE LIVES,TIME AND MONEY REDUCES THREAT TO OUR ENVIRONMENT REDUCES THREAT TO OUR ENVIRONMENT CREATES NEW BSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN CREATES NEW BSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN

THE INDUSTRYTHE INDUSTRY

GREAT STRIDES OF ITS GREAT STRIDES OF ITS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Improves the safety of roads Improves the safety of roads Decrease journey times and costDecrease journey times and cost Encourages multimodal transport Encourages multimodal transport Alleviate the impact of transport on the environmentAlleviate the impact of transport on the environment

MULTI MODAL TRANSPORT MULTI MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMSYSTEM

ECO FEINDLY TO THE ENVIRONMENT

NAVIGATION SYSYTEMS AND TRAFFIC

INFORMATION SERVICES

TRAFFIC JAMS

PARKING INFORMATION

MOBILE I.T.S SERVICES – MOBILE BOOKING E-TICKETING

FUTURE OF I.T.S FUTURE OF I.T.S Broad range of wireless and wire line Broad range of wireless and wire line

communicationscommunications wire line communications based on wire line communications based on

informationinformation Control and Electronic technologiesControl and Electronic technologies Integrated transportation systemIntegrated transportation system MonitoringMonitoring Managing traffic flowManaging traffic flow Reduce congestionReduce congestion Provide alternate routesProvide alternate routes Enhance productivityEnhance productivity

Conventional sysytem of transportation Conventional sysytem of transportation by I.T.S by I.T.S

Effective road capacity increases upto 20% Effective road capacity increases upto 20% without new constructionwithout new construction

Major reduction in road casualtiesMajor reduction in road casualties

Travel time savings amounting to one year over Travel time savings amounting to one year over an average lifetimean average lifetime

Significant reductions of vehicle CO2 emissionsSignificant reductions of vehicle CO2 emissions

A market of up to 20 billion Euros in 2010 for A market of up to 20 billion Euros in 2010 for equipment and services in Europe alone.equipment and services in Europe alone.

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS• On-board navigation systems

• Weather information services

• Fleet tracking & weigh in-motion technologies

• Electronic payment systems

• Traffic video/control technologies

• Variable message signs

• Crash notification systems• • Roadbed sensors

The risks we run with no ITS The risks we run with no ITS Architecture:Architecture:

Now in the present scenario we can’t even imagine Now in the present scenario we can’t even imagine traffic management without ITS. As it will be impossible traffic management without ITS. As it will be impossible to provide the expected services because the to provide the expected services because the components, both publicly and privately owned, are not components, both publicly and privately owned, are not fully compatible. As we are aware of changes in our day fully compatible. As we are aware of changes in our day to day needs, it will be difficult to extend or modify the to day needs, it will be difficult to extend or modify the various service requirements without the proper various service requirements without the proper planning which is present in ITS. It will be literally planning which is present in ITS. It will be literally impossible to adopt emerging technologies and this impossible to adopt emerging technologies and this result in:result in:

High costs due to the need for updates or re-adaptation;High costs due to the need for updates or re-adaptation; Limitations in service delivery due to lack of inter-Limitations in service delivery due to lack of inter-

operability.operability. Failure to develop the ITS deployment to its full Failure to develop the ITS deployment to its full

potentialpotential

Components of ITS Architecture:Components of ITS Architecture:

An Overview or (Conceptual Model)An Overview or (Conceptual Model) – –

A top-level diagram, which shows how the various elements of A top-level diagram, which shows how the various elements of the transportation system gets integrated and explains how the whole the transportation system gets integrated and explains how the whole system works.system works.

A Functional (or Logical) Architecture (or Viewpoint)A Functional (or Logical) Architecture (or Viewpoint) – – It consists of logic involved in the integration of various It consists of logic involved in the integration of various

services. If we have to implement something we must first think and services. If we have to implement something we must first think and plan the series of operations needed to satisfy the various user needs.plan the series of operations needed to satisfy the various user needs.

A Physical Architecture (or Viewpoint)A Physical Architecture (or Viewpoint) – – Involves the various physical nodes involved in the system. A Involves the various physical nodes involved in the system. A

system can’t be imagined without proper infrastructure, so the system can’t be imagined without proper infrastructure, so the specifications for the physical components and their locations for a specifications for the physical components and their locations for a particular deployment are required.particular deployment are required.

A Communications Architecture (or Viewpoint)A Communications Architecture (or Viewpoint) – – Now in the communication and information services era an Now in the communication and information services era an

analysis of the requirements for the links needed between the locations analysis of the requirements for the links needed between the locations shown in the Physical Architecture must be dealt very carefully as any shown in the Physical Architecture must be dealt very carefully as any lose and weak node can lead to the failure of whole system.s of ITS lose and weak node can lead to the failure of whole system.s of ITS Architecture:Architecture:

Points to be considered before designing:Points to be considered before designing:

Before designing any system we must have faith in it that Before designing any system we must have faith in it that it will not become obsolete and ineffective after a it will not become obsolete and ineffective after a particular period thus the ITS should;particular period thus the ITS should;

Be planned in a logical manner,Be planned in a logical manner, Be integrated successfully,Be integrated successfully, Have desired behavior,Have desired behavior, Meet the desired performance levels,Meet the desired performance levels, Be easy to manage & maintain,Be easy to manage & maintain, Be easy to extend,Be easy to extend, Satisfy the expectations of the users.Satisfy the expectations of the users.

I.T.S MODEL

PARKING SOLUTION

MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

MASS-RAPID TRANSPORT SYSYTEM

Traveler Information Services:Traveler Information Services:

Travel Information Services is one of the most upcoming Travel Information Services is one of the most upcoming field and will be attaining an industry status by 2010. field and will be attaining an industry status by 2010. Hence it is the need of the time to speed up the Hence it is the need of the time to speed up the development process in this sector. If we take the development process in this sector. If we take the example of Indian Railways which caters to about 50 example of Indian Railways which caters to about 50 lakh passengers daily but it has literally no traveler lakh passengers daily but it has literally no traveler information service as such, any disruption in one node information service as such, any disruption in one node leads to the failure of the whole system resulting in huge leads to the failure of the whole system resulting in huge losses which can not be estimated. ITS applications can losses which can not be estimated. ITS applications can provide a complete ‘travel service’, from trip planning provide a complete ‘travel service’, from trip planning and route guidance to the booking of tickets. Links with and route guidance to the booking of tickets. Links with tourist services can offer additional services, such as tourist services can offer additional services, such as hotel bookings through a single source (e.g. Website).hotel bookings through a single source (e.g. Website).

As for as transportation system is considered, the As for as transportation system is considered, the various user needs that are to be provided for the various user needs that are to be provided for the

safety of the road users aresafety of the road users are SecuritySecurity Collision Avoidance Collision Avoidance Advisory System Advisory System Roadway Weather Information systems Roadway Weather Information systems En-Route Services Information En-Route Services Information Roadway Geometrics Roadway Geometrics Traffic ControlTraffic Control Emergency AssistanceEmergency Assistance Data SharingData Sharing Public Fleet ManagementPublic Fleet Management

ITS in towns and cities:ITS in towns and cities: Advanced Traffic Management SystemsAdvanced Traffic Management Systems apply a dynamic apply a dynamic

approach to traffic control that takes into account real-approach to traffic control that takes into account real-time traffic flows, road works, accidents, etc., and time traffic flows, road works, accidents, etc., and optimize the use of network.optimize the use of network.

SystemsSystems giving priority to public transport at junctions giving priority to public transport at junctions with traffic signals, e.g. allowing delayed vehicles to with traffic signals, e.g. allowing delayed vehicles to make up lost time.make up lost time.

Automatic Information and Routing SystemsAutomatic Information and Routing Systems that enable that enable drivers to avoid areas of congestion and reach their drivers to avoid areas of congestion and reach their destination, or parking spaces, without wasting time.destination, or parking spaces, without wasting time.

Electronic Control SystemsElectronic Control Systems that can regulate access to that can regulate access to parts of the road network (e.g. city centre) and permit parts of the road network (e.g. city centre) and permit only authorized vehicles to enter.only authorized vehicles to enter.

ITS in Rural areas:ITS in Rural areas: Traffic information and advice to drivers via overhead Traffic information and advice to drivers via overhead

message signs or on-board devices,message signs or on-board devices, Incident detection systems that automatically send Incident detection systems that automatically send

messages to traffic control centers and provide messages to traffic control centers and provide immediate warnings to drivers,immediate warnings to drivers,

The control of traffic speed on congested motorways to The control of traffic speed on congested motorways to smooth out the total flow of vehicles,smooth out the total flow of vehicles,

Automatic ramp metering to permit vehicles to join a Automatic ramp metering to permit vehicles to join a congested motorway in a controlled manner.congested motorway in a controlled manner.

Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) systems ensure that Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) systems ensure that speed limits are maintained at all times – and even speed limits are maintained at all times – and even varies the limits dynamically according to road, traffic or varies the limits dynamically according to road, traffic or weather conditions,weather conditions,

Major hardware components of ITS:Major hardware components of ITS: VITSVITS:: Vehicle Information and Communications System is the real time information Vehicle Information and Communications System is the real time information

by means of FM broadcasting, radio waves & optical beaconsby means of FM broadcasting, radio waves & optical beacons ETCETC :Electronic Toll Collection System for collection of tolls without stopping the :Electronic Toll Collection System for collection of tolls without stopping the

vehiclevehicle DSRCDSRC :Dedicated Short Range Communicator for supporting services :Dedicated Short Range Communicator for supporting services Examples of Intelligent transportations systems include;Examples of Intelligent transportations systems include; Advanced Traveler Information SystemsAdvanced Traveler Information Systems,, which deliver data directly to travelers, which deliver data directly to travelers,

empowering them to make better choices about alternate routes or modes of empowering them to make better choices about alternate routes or modes of transportation. When archived, this historical data provides transportation planners transportation. When archived, this historical data provides transportation planners with accurate travel pattern information, optimizing the transportation planning with accurate travel pattern information, optimizing the transportation planning process.process.

Advanced Traffic Management SystemsAdvanced Traffic Management Systems,, which employ a variety of relatively which employ a variety of relatively inexpensive detectors, cameras, and communication systems to monitor traffic, inexpensive detectors, cameras, and communication systems to monitor traffic, optimize signal timings on major arterials, and control the flow of traffic.optimize signal timings on major arterials, and control the flow of traffic.

Incident Management SystemsIncident Management Systems, which provide traffic operators with the tools to allow , which provide traffic operators with the tools to allow quick and efficient response to accidents, hazardous spills, and other emergencies. quick and efficient response to accidents, hazardous spills, and other emergencies.

Redundant communications systemsRedundant communications systems,, link data collection points, transportation link data collection points, transportation operations centers, and travel information portals into an integrated network that can operations centers, and travel information portals into an integrated network that can be operated efficiently and "intelligently."be operated efficiently and "intelligently."

Mayday PlusMayday Plus involves public infrastructures (e.g., mobile trauma centers) which work involves public infrastructures (e.g., mobile trauma centers) which work effectively along with automated crash detection. An effective Automated Collision effectively along with automated crash detection. An effective Automated Collision Notification system can reduce the time for personnel to reach crash victimsNotification system can reduce the time for personnel to reach crash victims ..

Supporting ServicesSupporting Services:: Apart from the above mentioned systems, ITS can provide the Apart from the above mentioned systems, ITS can provide the

following servicesfollowing services

A single payment system, e.g. a smart card, that enables a traveler A single payment system, e.g. a smart card, that enables a traveler to pay for parking, travel information, tolls, use of public transport to pay for parking, travel information, tolls, use of public transport systems, etc.,systems, etc.,

Automated tolling systems that enable vehicles to be charged the Automated tolling systems that enable vehicles to be charged the correct amount without needing to stop at pay booths,correct amount without needing to stop at pay booths,

An on-board ITS can generate an automatic May Day call in the An on-board ITS can generate an automatic May Day call in the case of an emergency. The call centre gives the Emergency case of an emergency. The call centre gives the Emergency Services, the precise location and guides them to the scene with the Services, the precise location and guides them to the scene with the support of a Traffic Management System,support of a Traffic Management System,

ITS can help in the management of exceptional road transport ITS can help in the management of exceptional road transport conditions (like unfair weather and road conditions),conditions (like unfair weather and road conditions),

ITS can be used to detect traffic violations automatically.ITS can be used to detect traffic violations automatically.

Freight and Fleet Operations:Freight and Fleet Operations: fleet management involves the following operations;fleet management involves the following operations; Scheduling of vehicles and drivers for both public transport Scheduling of vehicles and drivers for both public transport

and commercial operators, and automatic compilation of trip and commercial operators, and automatic compilation of trip reports,reports,

Optimal routing for both normal and ‘abnormal’ vehicles, e.g. Optimal routing for both normal and ‘abnormal’ vehicles, e.g. oversized vehicles,oversized vehicles,

Monitoring of safety-related operations of the vehicle, and Monitoring of safety-related operations of the vehicle, and storage of this data on-board for response to roadside storage of this data on-board for response to roadside interrogations,interrogations,

Monitoring of the location of commercial goods throughout Monitoring of the location of commercial goods throughout their journey, their physical status if they are perishable and their journey, their physical status if they are perishable and maintaining two-way contact with the driver,maintaining two-way contact with the driver,

Automation of the commercial and regulatory documentation Automation of the commercial and regulatory documentation that must accompany commercial vehicles and goods,that must accompany commercial vehicles and goods,

Provision of an “office in the cab” for vehicle owners/drivers Provision of an “office in the cab” for vehicle owners/drivers

Difficulties in Implementing ITS:Difficulties in Implementing ITS: Scarcity of skilled manpower required for the development and the Scarcity of skilled manpower required for the development and the

proper working of the system.proper working of the system. Any region might not be economically and psychologically prepared Any region might not be economically and psychologically prepared

to accept the system.to accept the system. An ITS might not be applicable for the region in the present scenario.An ITS might not be applicable for the region in the present scenario. Political problems in a region which discourage the effective Political problems in a region which discourage the effective

implementation of the system.implementation of the system. An ITS applicable to one region may not be applicable to another, An ITS applicable to one region may not be applicable to another,

because of geography, road and weather conditions etc,because of geography, road and weather conditions etc, Because of heterogeneous traffic conditions, the various systems for Because of heterogeneous traffic conditions, the various systems for

all types of traffic must be introduced in a single road, which leads to all types of traffic must be introduced in a single road, which leads to congestion and overlapping of data.congestion and overlapping of data.

If the road is prone to frequent accidents at various intersections, the If the road is prone to frequent accidents at various intersections, the systems must be installed at regular intervals, which increase the systems must be installed at regular intervals, which increase the cost.cost.

If in some places, the traffic is very less, the system will be seldom If in some places, the traffic is very less, the system will be seldom used. Hence it becomes ineffective, again leading to economic lossesused. Hence it becomes ineffective, again leading to economic losses..

Benefits of ITS:Benefits of ITS: Support for public transport operations is provided through a phased Support for public transport operations is provided through a phased

infrastructure development,infrastructure development, Traveler information services like route information, information on Traveler information services like route information, information on

weather and conditions etc. are provided,weather and conditions etc. are provided, Automated traffic management services through which the traffic Automated traffic management services through which the traffic

can be managed from a single place,can be managed from a single place, Freight and fleet management operations bring about the Freight and fleet management operations bring about the

development of not only the urban areas but also the rural ones,development of not only the urban areas but also the rural ones, Emergency systems management helps in reducing the suffering of Emergency systems management helps in reducing the suffering of

the people, while away from any developed area, by swift services,the people, while away from any developed area, by swift services, Electronic payment services save the valuable time of the vehicles,Electronic payment services save the valuable time of the vehicles, An advanced in-vehicle technology supports the guidance system An advanced in-vehicle technology supports the guidance system

for the driver and brings two way communications between the for the driver and brings two way communications between the driver and the controller.driver and the controller.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

ITS already has a presence in everyone’s day-to-day ITS already has a presence in everyone’s day-to-day mobile activities, a part of our daily life. Inside the mobile activities, a part of our daily life. Inside the vehicle, for example, active support systems such as vehicle, for example, active support systems such as vision enhancement, lane-keeping assistance, collision vision enhancement, lane-keeping assistance, collision warning and alertness monitors will have an impact on warning and alertness monitors will have an impact on driver error and fatigue. In addition, systems such as driver error and fatigue. In addition, systems such as coordinated traffic control, ramp metering, variable coordinated traffic control, ramp metering, variable message signs, and traffic and incident detection message signs, and traffic and incident detection systems are being implemented by infrastructure systems are being implemented by infrastructure operators to monitor road conditions and provide smooth operators to monitor road conditions and provide smooth and safe journeys and safe journeys

REFERENCEREFERENCE

ITS AmericaITS America Federal Highway Administration- US Department Federal Highway Administration- US Department

of Transportationof Transportation (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov) & (http://www.dot.gov/)(http://www.fhwa.dot.gov) & (http://www.dot.gov/) National Highway InstituteNational Highway Institute ERTICO- ITS EuropeERTICO- ITS Europe Rural ITS User Needs- 1999Rural ITS User Needs- 1999 Google.comGoogle.com