Presentation on IV Infusion

Presentation on IV Infusion Welcome

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Presented byPresented by

A. N. M. SHARIFStudent, University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh.E-mail: anm.sharif@live.com

Intravenous InfusionIntravenous is the term means into the vein

What is IV infusion?An IV infusion is a slow drip of medication into the vein over a set period of time to deliver a constant volume of therapy

History of IV infusionIntravenous technology started from studies on cholera treatment in 1831

It was further developed in 1930s but was not widely available until the 1950s

Intra Venous Infusion Procedure & Equipment'sEquipment's ContainersDrip chamberTubingFiltersSpikesNeedleAdhesive tapeConstricting bandAntiseptic and 2 x 2 gauze

IV Infusion ProcedureSelect a suitable vein for venipuncture.

b. Prepare the venipuncture site.Apply a constricting band two inches above the venipuncture site. The constricting band should be tight enough to occlude venous flow, but not so tight that distal pulses are lost.(2) Select and palpate a prominent vein.(3) Cleanse the skin with an alcohol swab .Allow the site to dry.

c. Don gloves.d. Perform the venipuncture.(1) With the dominant hand, position the distal bevel of the needle up and insert the cannula into the vein at approximately a 30 degree angle (figure 1-10).

(2) continue inserting the needle until blood is observed in the flash chamber of the catheter.(3) decrease the angle to 15 to 20 degrees and carefully advance the cannula approximately 0.5 centimeter farther (figure 1-11).

(4) Place a finger over the vein at the catheter tip and put pressure on the vein to prevent blood from flowing out the catheter (5) Remove the needle while maintaining firm catheter control.

IV Infusion Procedure

IV Infusion ProcedureE. Remove the constricting band.F. Obtain venous blood samples as required.G. Attach the administration tubing to the cannula hub while maintaining stabilization of the hub with the non-dominant hand.

H. Open the flow-regulator clamp and observe for drips in the drip chamber. Allow the fluid to run freely for several seconds.

Adjust to the desired flow rate.

J. Clean the area of blood, if necessary, and secure the hub of catheter with tape, leaving the hub and tubing connection visible.

Make a small loop in the iv tubing and place a second piece of tape over the first to secure the loop

IV Infusion ProcedureK. Apply a 22 or a transparent dressing tegaderm over the venipuncture siteL. Label a piece of tape with date and time the IV was initiated, the catheter size, and your initials.

Secure the tape over the dressing.

M. Monitor the casualty and continues to observe the venipuncture site for signs of infiltration.

N. Remove your gloves and disposes of them appropriately.

O. Document the procedure on the appropriate medical form.

Plasma drug concentration for IV infusion following one compartment modelThe pharmacokinetics of a drug given by constant IV infusion follows zero order input process in which the drug is infused directly into the systemic blood circulation .CpDBVD

RK

For most drugs elimination of drug from the plasma is first order process.

Therefore in the one compartment model infused drug follows zero order input and first order.

Calculation the elimination rate constant for a drug given through IV infusion

In case of IV infusion , plasma drug concentration at any time is : Cp = R/K .VD (1 e-kt )At steady state ,t= time , CSS = = R/K .VD So , Cp = CSS (1 e-kt ) Cp - CSS = CSS .e-kt Cp - CSS / CSS = e-kt -kt = ln (Cp - CSS / CSS ) -kt/ 2.303 = log (Cp - CSS / CSS ) K = -2.303/t . log (Cp - CSS / CSS )

Loading DoseLoading dose is the minimum effective dose which is given initially at a time to obtain the steady state plasma drug concentration as early as possible.

we use a loading dose to rapidly achieve therapeutic concentration of a drug

IV Infusion with loading dose DL

Time required for achieving 99% of steady state level in terms of t1/2An infinite long period of time is required to reach steady state drug levels. In practice, it is quite acceptable to reach 99% steady state level. We know that, Css =R/K.Vd 99% steady state level is: 99% r/ k.Vd

In case of IV infusion, plasma drug concentration at any time, Cp = R/ K.VD (1-e-kt) 99% r/ k.Vd = r/ k.VD (1-e-kt) [as css = cp] 99% = (1-e-kt) 1-(99/100) = e-kt e-kt = 0.01 -kt = ln(0.01) -Kt = -4.61 0.693/ t1/2 t = 4.61 T = (4.61/ 0.693) t1/2 So, t99%ss = 6.65 t1/2

Cp=Css

IV infusionLoading doseIV bolus doseSteady statePlasma drug concentration

Loading dose + IV infusion

For loading dose:For IV infusion:

DL plus IV infusion:

Loading dose plus IV infusion:

Loading dose plus IV infusion cont

DL is used to reach ss rapidly:

Loading dose plus IV infusion contLet, DL = CssVd But, CssVd = R/kel

Therefore, if a DL = R/kel is given SS will

and

Loading dose plus IV infusion cont

DL = R/kel

Main reason for giving a drug by slow iv infusionIn case of IV infusion ,When drug is administered rapidly , it tends to increase the volume of the blood . As a result, hypervolemia may occur, thereby slowly infused.

Slow IV infusion may be used to avoid side effects due to rapid drug administration .eg: Intravenous immune globulin may cause a rapid fall in blood pressure when infused rapidly.

Main reason for giving a drug by slow iv infusion Some antisense drug injected rapidly by IV to the body, it cause a rapid fall in blood pressure.

The rate of infusion is particularly important in administering anti-arrythmic agents in patients.

The rapid IV bolus injection of many drugs that follow the pharmacokinetic of multi-compartmental models, may cause an adverse response due to the initial high drug conc.eg: If heparin is injected or infused at a faster rate, cardiac arrest may arise.

Advantages

AdvantageBody Temperature

IV nutrient therapy

DisadvantagePainful & Fearful

Supervisor required to administerInfection

DisadvantageIrreversibleCoagulation

CATEGORIES

Function includesDeliver medicationsReplace lost fluids

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