iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “pel$ · 2018. 4. 2. · iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “pel$...

iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “peL$

N°uX¹$k X$peõ‘p¡fp fpCV$]N A¡hp¡X®$ 2014 õhuL$pfsp„

qagpX¡$[ëaep: 2015

""Ap ANÐe“p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ d“¡ dm¡ R>¡

s¡“y„ d“¡ ìe[¼sNs Np¥fh sp¡ Mfy„ S>,

‘Z A¡“y„ A¡’uA¡ h^pf¡ dlÒh A¡ R>¡ L¡$

A¡ d“¡ A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$“ NyS>fpsu kS>®L$/

L$rh sfuL¡$ dm¡ R>¡. lº„ kpQp A’®dp„

Ad¡qfL$“ NyS>fpsu L$rh Ry>„. dy„bC“u

k¡ÞV$ T¡rhek® L$p¸g¡S>dp„ â¿eps L$rh

d“kyMgpg Th¡fu“p lp’ “uQ¡ NyS>fpsu

kprlÐe cZu R>sp„, v$¡idp„ dpfu L$gd

¼epf¡e D‘X$u “’u. ApS>¡ dpfp ArNepf

L$pìek„N°lp¡ A“¡ A¡L$ hpsp®k„N°l A“¡

A“¡L$ g¡Mp¡ A¡hy„ kprlÐekS>®“ ’e¡gy„ R>¡,

A“¡ s¡ b^y„ S> Ad¡qfL$pdp„ ’ey„ R>¡, A¡

“p¢^‘pÓ lL$uL$s R>¡.

NpX$} A¡hp¡X®$ õhuL$pfsp„, qagpX¡$[ëaep‘Þ“p “peL$

iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “peL$[Shabdani Shodhma: Panna Naik]

dyÖZkÄÅ A“¡ qX$TpC“:

gÄÅ L$p¡çeyr“L¡$iÞkbuÅ¡ dpm, ky‘f dpL£$V$, fpS>¡ÞÖ dpN®, “p“p bÅf,

hëgc rhÛp“Nf - 388 120. rS>.ApZ„v$

ap¡“ : (02692) 233864

B-d¡Cg : [email protected]

Publisher:Friends of PhiladelphiaC/o Suchi and Girish Vyas8105 Meadowbrook DrivePhiladelphia PA 19111

""Ap ANÐe“p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ d“¡ dm¡ R>¡

s¡“y„ d“¡ ìe[¼sNs Np¥fh sp¡ Mfy„ S>,

‘Z A¡“y„ A¡’uA¡ h^pf¡ dlÒh A¡ R>¡ L¡$

A¡ d“¡ A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$“ NyS>fpsu kS>®L$/

L$rh sfuL¡$ dm¡ R>¡. lº„ kpQp A’®dp„

Ad¡qfL$“ NyS>fpsu L$rh Ry>„. dy„bC“u

k¡ÞV$ T¡rhek® L$p¸g¡S>dp„ â¿eps L$rh

d“kyMgpg Th¡fu“p lp’ “uQ¡ NyS>fpsu

kprlÐe cZu R>sp„, v$¡idp„ dpfu L$gd

¼epf¡e D‘X$u “’u. ApS>¡ dpfp ArNepf

L$pìek„N°lp¡ A“¡ A¡L$ hpsp®k„N°l A“¡

A“¡L$ g¡Mp¡ A¡hy„ kprlÐekS>®“ ’e¡gy„ R>¡,

A“¡ s¡ b^y„ S> Ad¡qfL$pdp„ ’ey„ R>¡, A¡

“p¢^‘pÓ lL$uL$s R>¡.

NpX$} A¡hp¡X®$ õhuL$pfsp„, qagpX¡$[ëaep‘Þ“p “peL$

iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “peL$[Shabdani Shodhma: Panna Naik]

dyÖZkÄÅ A“¡ qX$TpC“:

gÄÅ L$p¡çeyr“L¡$iÞkbuÅ¡ dpm, ky‘f dpL£$V$, fpS>¡ÞÖ dpN®, “p“p bÅf,

hëgc rhÛp“Nf - 388 120. rS>.ApZ„v$

ap¡“ : (02692) 233864

B-d¡Cg : [email protected]

Publisher:Friends of PhiladelphiaC/o Suchi and Girish Vyas8105 Meadowbrook DrivePhiladelphia PA 19111

cpfs¡ Å¡ d“¡ Np„^urNfp NyS>fpsu S>¡hu dps©cpjp

Ap‘u sp¡ Ap v$¡i¡ d“¡ L$gd Ap‘u, dp¡L$mpi Ap‘u A“¡

gMhp“y„ hõsy Apàey„. S>¡V$gu lº„ v$¡i“u Ry>„ s¡V$gu S>, bgL¡$

s¡“p’u L$v$pQ h^y Ap v$¡i“u Ry>„. S>¡hy„ dpfy„ s¡hy„ S> gpMp¡“u

k„¿epdp„ Al] hksp Ap‘Zp cpC bl¡“p¡“y„ R>¡. dpfy„

dp“hy„ sp¡ A¡hy„ R>¡ L¡$ Al]’u A“¡ Ap‘Zu S>¡d S> ‘fv$¡i

hksp NyS>fpsuAp¡dp„’u NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“¡ crhóe“p

Äep¡rs^®fp¡ dmi¡. Ap rhv$¡i hksp NyS>fpsuAp¡ cpjp

A“¡ kprlÐe“¡ “hâõ’p“ dpV¡$ “hp„ bm Ap‘i¡ A“¡

A¡“u “hu qv$ipAp¡ DOpX$i¡ A¡hu dpfu îÙp R>¡.

dpfu L$rhsp dpV¡$ L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ A¡dp„ k¥L$pAp¡’u d|„N¡

dp¡Y¡$ kl“ L$fsu NyS>fpsu õÓuAp¡“¡ hpZu dmu. d“¡ ¼ep„e

¼ep„e’u, v$¡i ‘fv$¡i’u bl¡“p¡“p ‘Óp¡ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap

bl¡“p¡ dpfu L$p¡C “¡ L$p¡C L$rhsp hp„Qu gM¡ R>¡, Af¡, Ap

sp¡ sd¡ dpfu hps L$fu R>¡. dpfu ×rô$A¡ bl¡“p¡“p¡ Ap

ârscph A¡ S> dp¡V$p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ R>¡. A“¡ Ap bl¡“p¡ A“¡ dpfu

S>¡d S> ‘fv$¡i hksp A“¡ gMsp A“¡L$ NyS>fpsu L$rh

g¡ML$p¡ hsu Ap A¡hp¡X®$ õhuL$pfsp d“¡ M|b Ap“„v$ ’pe R>¡.

Ap‘ kp¥ ApS>¡ Ap ky„v$f L$pe®¾$ddp„ Apìep s¡’u A¡

Ap“„v$dp„ h^pfp¡ ’ep¡ R>¡.''

rhv$¡idp„ hksu NyS>fpsu “pfu

rhi¡ Dëg¡M ’pe sp¡ L$p¡C ‘Z

NyS>fpsu“p d“dp„ S>¡ “pd â’d EN¡ s¡

d|m kyfs“p„ A“¡ R>¡ëgp„ ‘p„Q v$peL$p’u

qagpX¡$[ëaep[õ’s ‘Þ“p “peL$“y„. L$v$pQ

NyS>fpsuAp¡ dpV¡$ qagpX¡$[ëaep ‘Z

‘Þ“p “peL$“¡ L$pfZ¡ ÅZusy„ bÞey„ R>¡.

‘p¡sp“u L$rhsp rhi¡ s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ hpf L$üy„

lsy„, ""gp¡‘p A“¡ Np¡‘p“u hps A¡V$g¡

dpfu L$rhsp.' rhv$¡idp„ hksu hs““¡

T„Msu cpfsue “pfu“u cph“pAp¡“¡

hpQp Ap‘su s¡d“u L$rhsp R>¡L$

1975dp„ s¡d“p â’d k„N°l "âh¡i'

õhê$‘¡ âNV$ ’C A“¡ Ðepf ‘R>u

‘ßp “peL$: A¡L$ dygpL$psApfp^“p cË$

cpfs¡ Å¡ d“¡ Np„^urNfp NyS>fpsu S>¡hu dps©cpjp

Ap‘u sp¡ Ap v$¡i¡ d“¡ L$gd Ap‘u, dp¡L$mpi Ap‘u A“¡

gMhp“y„ hõsy Apàey„. S>¡V$gu lº„ v$¡i“u Ry>„ s¡V$gu S>, bgL¡$

s¡“p’u L$v$pQ h^y Ap v$¡i“u Ry>„. S>¡hy„ dpfy„ s¡hy„ S> gpMp¡“u

k„¿epdp„ Al] hksp Ap‘Zp cpC bl¡“p¡“y„ R>¡. dpfy„

dp“hy„ sp¡ A¡hy„ R>¡ L¡$ Al]’u A“¡ Ap‘Zu S>¡d S> ‘fv$¡i

hksp NyS>fpsuAp¡dp„’u NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“¡ crhóe“p

Äep¡rs^®fp¡ dmi¡. Ap rhv$¡i hksp NyS>fpsuAp¡ cpjp

A“¡ kprlÐe“¡ “hâõ’p“ dpV¡$ “hp„ bm Ap‘i¡ A“¡

A¡“u “hu qv$ipAp¡ DOpX$i¡ A¡hu dpfu îÙp R>¡.

dpfu L$rhsp dpV¡$ L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ A¡dp„ k¥L$pAp¡’u d|„N¡

dp¡Y¡$ kl“ L$fsu NyS>fpsu õÓuAp¡“¡ hpZu dmu. d“¡ ¼ep„e

¼ep„e’u, v$¡i ‘fv$¡i’u bl¡“p¡“p ‘Óp¡ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap

bl¡“p¡ dpfu L$p¡C “¡ L$p¡C L$rhsp hp„Qu gM¡ R>¡, Af¡, Ap

sp¡ sd¡ dpfu hps L$fu R>¡. dpfu ×rô$A¡ bl¡“p¡“p¡ Ap

ârscph A¡ S> dp¡V$p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ R>¡. A“¡ Ap bl¡“p¡ A“¡ dpfu

S>¡d S> ‘fv$¡i hksp A“¡ gMsp A“¡L$ NyS>fpsu L$rh

g¡ML$p¡ hsu Ap A¡hp¡X®$ õhuL$pfsp d“¡ M|b Ap“„v$ ’pe R>¡.

Ap‘ kp¥ ApS>¡ Ap ky„v$f L$pe®¾$ddp„ Apìep s¡’u A¡

Ap“„v$dp„ h^pfp¡ ’ep¡ R>¡.''

rhv$¡idp„ hksu NyS>fpsu “pfu

rhi¡ Dëg¡M ’pe sp¡ L$p¡C ‘Z

NyS>fpsu“p d“dp„ S>¡ “pd â’d EN¡ s¡

d|m kyfs“p„ A“¡ R>¡ëgp„ ‘p„Q v$peL$p’u

qagpX¡$[ëaep[õ’s ‘Þ“p “peL$“y„. L$v$pQ

NyS>fpsuAp¡ dpV¡$ qagpX¡$[ëaep ‘Z

‘Þ“p “peL$“¡ L$pfZ¡ ÅZusy„ bÞey„ R>¡.

‘p¡sp“u L$rhsp rhi¡ s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ hpf L$üy„

lsy„, ""gp¡‘p A“¡ Np¡‘p“u hps A¡V$g¡

dpfu L$rhsp.' rhv$¡idp„ hksu hs““¡

T„Msu cpfsue “pfu“u cph“pAp¡“¡

hpQp Ap‘su s¡d“u L$rhsp R>¡L$

1975dp„ s¡d“p â’d k„N°l "âh¡i'

õhê$‘¡ âNV$ ’C A“¡ Ðepf ‘R>u

‘ßp “peL$: A¡L$ dygpL$psApfp^“p cË$

2013dp„ âNV$ ’e¡gp s¡d“p k„N°l "A„rsd¡' ky^u A¡

L$pìe^pfp Arhfs‘Z¡ dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ AR>p„v$k õhê$‘¡ sp¡

¼epf¡L$ "AÑf Anf', "rhv$¡ri“u', "qagpX¡$[ëaep',

"r“õbs', S>¡hp k„N°lp¡dp„ Nus, lpCLy$ A“¡ kp¸“¡V$õhê$‘¡

Arhfs hl¡su flu R>¡. L$pìe D‘fp„s s¡d“y„ kprl[ÐeL$

âv$p“ V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ ‘Z füy„ R>¡. s¡d“p¡ hpsp®k„N°l

"ãg¡rdÞNp¡' Mpõku NZ“p ‘pçep¡ R>¡. dy„bC

eyr“hrk®V$udp„’u A¡d.A¡.“p¡ Aæepk L$fu“¡ s¡dZ¡

‘¡[Þkëh¡r“ep eyr“hrk®V$u“p N°„’pgedp„ v$rnZ A¡riep

rhcpN“p N°„’k|rQL$pf sfuL¡$ afS> bÅhu. ‘p¡sp“p rhi¡

"lº„ rhv$¡idp„ hky„ Ry>„, ‘Z d¢ cpfs R>p¡X$éy„ “’u' A¡hy„

L$l¡“pf ‘Þ“p “peL$ L$rhsp“¡ ‘p¡sp“y„ QpgL$bm NZph¡ R>¡.

s¡d“u kp’¡“p¡ Ap hpsp®gp‘.

âñ: "rhv$¡ri“u' ‘Þ“p “peL$ ApS>¡ rhv$¡idp„ hksu

“pfu“p„ A¡L$ ApCL$p¡r“L$ qaNf R>¡. Ap ‘Þ“p “peL¡$

Äepf¡ Ad¡qfL$p“u ^fsu D‘f ‘l¡gp¡ ‘N d|¼ep¡ Ðepf¡ A¡

L¡$hp„ lsp„, A¡ ‘qfkf L¡$hp¡ lsp¡?

Ðepf¡ lº„ L$rhsp gMsu “lp¡su, ‘Z A¡ âk„N dpfp

rQÑdp„ A¡hp¡ S>X$pC Nep¡ R>¡ L¡$ Äepf’u d¢ L$rhsp gMhp“y„

iê$ L$ey¯ Ðepf’u A¡ âk„N“¡ d¢ OZu hpf dpfu L$rhspAp¡dp„

hZu gu^p¡ R>¡. lº„ A¸f-B[ÞX$ep“u ãgpBV$dp„ AY$pf

L$gpL$“u dykpafu L$fu“¡ Þe|ep¸L®$ A¸f‘p¸V®$ ‘f Esf¡gu A“¡

‘pk‘p¸V®$ D‘f rk½$p¡ dfphhp gpB“dp„ Ecu lsu. dpfu

‘pR>m A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$“ bpC A“¡ A¡“y„ bpmL$ Ecp„ lsp„.

A¡ bpmL$ dpfu kpd¡ V$uL$uV$uL$u“¡ Å¡sy„ lsy„. d¢ kpX$u ‘l¡f¡gu

A“¡ gpg Qp„v$gp¡ L$f¡gp¡. ’p¡X$u hpf ‘R>u A¡ bpmL¡$ A¡“u

dp“¡ L$üy„, dp Å¡, A¡“p L$‘pmdp„’u gp¡lu “uL$m¡ R>¡. Ðepf¡

d“¡ ‘l¡gu hpf A¡ Al¡kpk ’ep¡ L¡$ lº„ rhv$¡i“u ^fsu ‘f

Ry>„ A“¡ A¡L$ õÓu Ry>„. A¡ dpfp¡ Ðep„“p¡ ‘l¡gp¡ âk„N. ‘R>u

d¢ A¡“y„ A¡L$ L$pìe ‘Z L$ey¯ R>¡, "L„$Ly$' “pd“y„. ‘R>u“p iê$

iê$“p qv$hkp¡ blº S> L$‘fp lsp. gÁ“ L$fu“¡ Aphu A“¡

b¡ drl“pdp„ S> dpfp ‘rs“¡ L$pf AL$õdps ’ep¡ A“¡ ‘p„Q

drl“p ‘’pfuhi füp, A¡V$g¡ OZp¡ b^u k„Oj®. ‘¥kp“u

‘Z sL$gua lsu. A“¡ ‘R>u“p„ hjp£dp„ A¡hy„ ’ey„ L¡$ Ap

‘l¡gy„ hj® Å¡ lº„ V$L$u NC sp¡ vy$r“ep“p L$p¡C ‘Z M|Z¡ lº„

V$L$u S>Ci. A¡V$gu b^u d“¡ ApÐdîÙp Aphu NC. A¡V$g¡

d¢ “p¡L$fu ip¡^u, gpBb°¡fudp„ “p¡L$fu iê$ L$fu, cZhp“y„ iê$

L$ey¯ A“¡ A¡ hMs¡ Ap "L$ëQf-L$p¸Þarg¼V$'dp„’u ‘Z ‘kpf

’hp“y„ bÞey„. kpX$u ‘l¡fhp“u L¡$ “l] ‘l¡fhp“u, Qp„v$gp¡

L$fhp“p¡ L¡$ “l] L$fhp“p¡? B[ÞX$e“ N°p¡kfudp„ L$iy„ dmsy„

“lp¡sy„. A¡V$g¡ Þe|ep¸L®$’u Aph¡ s¡ gpg OJ“u fp¡V$gu

b“phhp“u. A¡V$gu b^u bpbsp¡’u V¡$hphp“y„ lp¡e. Aphp

k„Ojp£dp„’u lº„ V$L$u NC. ApC A¸d A khp®Bhf. Aphp

L$‘fp qv$hkp¡ v$f¡L$“¡ lp¡e A“¡ A¡ ‘kpf ’C Åe R>¡,

Ap‘Z¡ A¡dp„’u blpf AphuA¡ R>uA¡ A“¡ A¡“p’u Ap‘Z¡

h^y knd b“uA¡ R>uA¡.

âñ: blpf L$C fus¡ Ahpey„? L$p¡C kcp“ âeÐ“ L$f¡gp?

’p¡X$u ApX$hps L$fy„, lº„ S>¡ Ly$Vy„$bdp„’u Aphu Ry>„ A¡“u.

Adpfy„ Ly$Vy„$b kyfs“y„. dpfp v$pv$pÆA¡ 1920dp„ L$p¸g¡S>

õ’p‘¡gu. bp‘pÆ A“¡ v$pv$pÆ“p¡ V$pB‘-k¡qV„$N“p¡ ^„^p¡.

A¡“¡ L$pfZ¡ Adpf¡ Ðep„ blº S> kprl[ÐeL$ hpsphfZ lsy„.

A¡V$g¡ Adpfy„ Ly$Vy„$b k„‘Þ“ lsy„. dpfp„ bp blº cZ¡gp„

2013dp„ âNV$ ’e¡gp s¡d“p k„N°l "A„rsd¡' ky^u A¡

L$pìe^pfp Arhfs‘Z¡ dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ AR>p„v$k õhê$‘¡ sp¡

¼epf¡L$ "AÑf Anf', "rhv$¡ri“u', "qagpX¡$[ëaep',

"r“õbs', S>¡hp k„N°lp¡dp„ Nus, lpCLy$ A“¡ kp¸“¡V$õhê$‘¡

Arhfs hl¡su flu R>¡. L$pìe D‘fp„s s¡d“y„ kprl[ÐeL$

âv$p“ V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ ‘Z füy„ R>¡. s¡d“p¡ hpsp®k„N°l

"ãg¡rdÞNp¡' Mpõku NZ“p ‘pçep¡ R>¡. dy„bC

eyr“hrk®V$udp„’u A¡d.A¡.“p¡ Aæepk L$fu“¡ s¡dZ¡

‘¡[Þkëh¡r“ep eyr“hrk®V$u“p N°„’pgedp„ v$rnZ A¡riep

rhcpN“p N°„’k|rQL$pf sfuL¡$ afS> bÅhu. ‘p¡sp“p rhi¡

"lº„ rhv$¡idp„ hky„ Ry>„, ‘Z d¢ cpfs R>p¡X$éy„ “’u' A¡hy„

L$l¡“pf ‘Þ“p “peL$ L$rhsp“¡ ‘p¡sp“y„ QpgL$bm NZph¡ R>¡.

s¡d“u kp’¡“p¡ Ap hpsp®gp‘.

âñ: "rhv$¡ri“u' ‘Þ“p “peL$ ApS>¡ rhv$¡idp„ hksu

“pfu“p„ A¡L$ ApCL$p¡r“L$ qaNf R>¡. Ap ‘Þ“p “peL¡$

Äepf¡ Ad¡qfL$p“u ^fsu D‘f ‘l¡gp¡ ‘N d|¼ep¡ Ðepf¡ A¡

L¡$hp„ lsp„, A¡ ‘qfkf L¡$hp¡ lsp¡?

Ðepf¡ lº„ L$rhsp gMsu “lp¡su, ‘Z A¡ âk„N dpfp

rQÑdp„ A¡hp¡ S>X$pC Nep¡ R>¡ L¡$ Äepf’u d¢ L$rhsp gMhp“y„

iê$ L$ey¯ Ðepf’u A¡ âk„N“¡ d¢ OZu hpf dpfu L$rhspAp¡dp„

hZu gu^p¡ R>¡. lº„ A¸f-B[ÞX$ep“u ãgpBV$dp„ AY$pf

L$gpL$“u dykpafu L$fu“¡ Þe|ep¸L®$ A¸f‘p¸V®$ ‘f Esf¡gu A“¡

‘pk‘p¸V®$ D‘f rk½$p¡ dfphhp gpB“dp„ Ecu lsu. dpfu

‘pR>m A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$“ bpC A“¡ A¡“y„ bpmL$ Ecp„ lsp„.

A¡ bpmL$ dpfu kpd¡ V$uL$uV$uL$u“¡ Å¡sy„ lsy„. d¢ kpX$u ‘l¡f¡gu

A“¡ gpg Qp„v$gp¡ L$f¡gp¡. ’p¡X$u hpf ‘R>u A¡ bpmL¡$ A¡“u

dp“¡ L$üy„, dp Å¡, A¡“p L$‘pmdp„’u gp¡lu “uL$m¡ R>¡. Ðepf¡

d“¡ ‘l¡gu hpf A¡ Al¡kpk ’ep¡ L¡$ lº„ rhv$¡i“u ^fsu ‘f

Ry>„ A“¡ A¡L$ õÓu Ry>„. A¡ dpfp¡ Ðep„“p¡ ‘l¡gp¡ âk„N. ‘R>u

d¢ A¡“y„ A¡L$ L$pìe ‘Z L$ey¯ R>¡, "L„$Ly$' “pd“y„. ‘R>u“p iê$

iê$“p qv$hkp¡ blº S> L$‘fp lsp. gÁ“ L$fu“¡ Aphu A“¡

b¡ drl“pdp„ S> dpfp ‘rs“¡ L$pf AL$õdps ’ep¡ A“¡ ‘p„Q

drl“p ‘’pfuhi füp, A¡V$g¡ OZp¡ b^u k„Oj®. ‘¥kp“u

‘Z sL$gua lsu. A“¡ ‘R>u“p„ hjp£dp„ A¡hy„ ’ey„ L¡$ Ap

‘l¡gy„ hj® Å¡ lº„ V$L$u NC sp¡ vy$r“ep“p L$p¡C ‘Z M|Z¡ lº„

V$L$u S>Ci. A¡V$gu b^u d“¡ ApÐdîÙp Aphu NC. A¡V$g¡

d¢ “p¡L$fu ip¡^u, gpBb°¡fudp„ “p¡L$fu iê$ L$fu, cZhp“y„ iê$

L$ey¯ A“¡ A¡ hMs¡ Ap "L$ëQf-L$p¸Þarg¼V$'dp„’u ‘Z ‘kpf

’hp“y„ bÞey„. kpX$u ‘l¡fhp“u L¡$ “l] ‘l¡fhp“u, Qp„v$gp¡

L$fhp“p¡ L¡$ “l] L$fhp“p¡? B[ÞX$e“ N°p¡kfudp„ L$iy„ dmsy„

“lp¡sy„. A¡V$g¡ Þe|ep¸L®$’u Aph¡ s¡ gpg OJ“u fp¡V$gu

b“phhp“u. A¡V$gu b^u bpbsp¡’u V¡$hphp“y„ lp¡e. Aphp

k„Ojp£dp„’u lº„ V$L$u NC. ApC A¸d A khp®Bhf. Aphp

L$‘fp qv$hkp¡ v$f¡L$“¡ lp¡e A“¡ A¡ ‘kpf ’C Åe R>¡,

Ap‘Z¡ A¡dp„’u blpf AphuA¡ R>uA¡ A“¡ A¡“p’u Ap‘Z¡

h^y knd b“uA¡ R>uA¡.

âñ: blpf L$C fus¡ Ahpey„? L$p¡C kcp“ âeÐ“ L$f¡gp?

’p¡X$u ApX$hps L$fy„, lº„ S>¡ Ly$Vy„$bdp„’u Aphu Ry>„ A¡“u.

Adpfy„ Ly$Vy„$b kyfs“y„. dpfp v$pv$pÆA¡ 1920dp„ L$p¸g¡S>

õ’p‘¡gu. bp‘pÆ A“¡ v$pv$pÆ“p¡ V$pB‘-k¡qV„$N“p¡ ^„^p¡.

A¡“¡ L$pfZ¡ Adpf¡ Ðep„ blº S> kprl[ÐeL$ hpsphfZ lsy„.

A¡V$g¡ Adpfy„ Ly$Vy„$b k„‘Þ“ lsy„. dpfp„ bp blº cZ¡gp„

“l], ‘Z A¡d“¡ OZu L$rhspAp¡ hN¡f¡ L„$W$õ’ lsp„.

v$pv$pÆA¡ A¡ S>dp“pdp„, 1888dp„, “hgL$’p gM¡gu.

‘R>u L$p¸g¡S>dp„ k¡ÞV$ T¡rhek®dp„ d“kyMcpC S>¡hp ‘pk¡

cZu, A¡V$g¡ kprl[ÐeL$ kˆ>sp dpfu ‘pk¡ lsu ‘Z

L$rhspAp¡ Ðepf¡ gMpC “lp¡su. Ad¡qfL$p Aphu“¡ S>¡ k„Ojp£

’ep A¡dp„ d“¡ A¡L$ apev$p¡ A¡ ’ep¡ L¡$ lº„ Äep„ eyr“hrk®V$u

Ap¸a ‘¡[Þkëh¡r“epdp„ L$pd L$fsu lsu, Ðep„ Adpfp A„N°¡Æ

rhcpNdp„ v$ffp¡S> L$p¡CL$ “¡ L$p¡CL$ kprlÐeL$pf Aph¡. A¡L$

hpf bp¸õV$““u blº S> ÅZusu L$hreÓu, A¸“ k¡¼kV$“

Aph¡gu. d“¡ A¡“¡ Å¡hp“p¡ A“¡ kp„cmhp“p¡ glphp¡

dþep¡. A¡ b^u fus¡ k„‘Þ“ lsu-v$¡MphX$u lsu, A¡“u

‘pk¡ “p¡L$fu lsu, ‘rs lsp¡, k„sp“p¡ lsp„, b^y„S> lsy„.

R>sp„ A¡“¡ ÓZ¡L$ hpf “h®k b°¡L$X$pD“ Aphu Ne¡gp¡. A“¡

R>¡hV¡$ A¡Z¡ ApÐdlÐep L$fu. ‘Z A¡ Äepf¡ Ap ìe’pdp„’u

‘kpf ’su lsu Ðepf¡ A¡ d“p¡rQqL$ÐkL$ ‘pk¡ Ne¡gu A“¡

A¡“¡ A¡hu kgpl dm¡gu L¡$ Ap b^pdp„’u blpf Aphhp

dpV¡$ sy„ gM, A¡ spfy„ "L¸$’prk®k' li¡. A¡“¡ kp„cþep ‘R>u

d¢ A¡“p„ L$pìep¡ hp„Ãep„ A“¡ A¡“p„ L$pìep¡“u kp’¡ dpfu

gpNZuAp¡“p¡ spmp¡ dþep¡. A“¡ d“¡ ’ey„ L¡$ Å¡ L$p¡C õÓu

‘p¡sp“p rhi¡ L$p¡C ‘Z âL$pf“p r“j¡^ rh“p b¡^X$L$ gMu

iL$su lp¡e sp¡ dpf¡ ‘Z OÏ„ L$l¡hp“y„ R>¡. dpfu ‘pk¡ dpfp„

iê$Aps“p„ hjp£“u hps lsu, dpfu ApSy>bpSy>“u õÓuAp¡“u

hps lsu. A¡V$g¡ Ap b^p“u dv$v$’u lº„ blpf Aphu.

dpfu A¡L$ L$rhsp“u ‘„[¼s R>¡ L¡$ "L$rhsp gMsp„ lp’“¡ V¡$L$p¡

“ dþep¡ lp¡s sp¡ kpQ¡ S> Y$mu ‘X$ps.'

âñ: ‘Þ“pbl¡“, hs“Tyfp‘p¡ A¡ v$¡ip„sf L$f“pf kp¥“u

A¡L$ kpdpÞe gpNZu R>¡, ‘Z b^p„ ‘p¡s‘p¡sp“u fus¡

A¡dp„’u blpf Aph¡ R>¡. A¡ k„v$c£ sdpfu ‘p¡sp“u hps

L$fip¡?

blº kpdpÞe hps L$fy„ sp¡ Ap‘Z¡ NyS>fpsu L$Y$u

b“phhu lp¡e sp¡ Al] A¡ S>dp“pdp„ gudX$p¡ sp¡ “ S> dm¡.

A¡V$g¡ A¡L$ gudX$p S>¡hu kpdpÞe hõsy rdk ’pe. Ly$Vy„$b sp¡

rdk ’pe S>. s¡ A¡dp„’u dpfy„ A¡L$ L$pìe bÞey„, S>¡ L$p¡C

‘Z BrdN°ÞV$“¡ gpNy ‘X¡$. A¡dp„ Apfp^“p“u ‘Z hps

lp¡e, gp¡‘p“u hps ‘Z lp¡e Np¡‘p“u ‘Z hps lp¡e A“¡

‘Þ“p“u hps ‘Z lp¡e. A¡“y„ iuj®L$ R>¡ "lp¡drkL$“¡k'.

lp¡drkL$“¡k

d¢ V²$p¡r‘L$g R>p¡X$“¡ S>X$d|m’u DM¡X$u

Al] ‘fpC iusg c|rddp„

fp¡‘u sp¡ v$u^p¡

A“¡

A¡ R>p¡X¡$ Æhhp“p¡ r“^p®f ‘Z L$fu gu^p¡.

R>sp„

Al] Äepf¡ hk„s Q¡fu ågp¡kçk’u f„NpC Åe R>¡

Ðepf¡

dpfy„ d“ L¡$k|X¡$ dp¡l¡ R>¡.

N°uód“p„ Nygpb ^fp ‘f ‘p¡sp“p„ rbõsf rbR>phu v$¡ R>¡

Ðepf¡

lº„ Nygdp¡f“u epv$’u Ap„M gpg L$fu“¡ fp¡J Ry>„.

Al] bpf¡ dpk hfkpv$ ‘X¡$ R>¡ sp¡e

Ðep„“p S>¡hu hjp®F>sy“u dOdOsu kp¡X$d

¼epf¡e ifuf¡ Qp¢V$su “’u.

“l], ‘Z A¡d“¡ OZu L$rhspAp¡ hN¡f¡ L„$W$õ’ lsp„.

v$pv$pÆA¡ A¡ S>dp“pdp„, 1888dp„, “hgL$’p gM¡gu.

‘R>u L$p¸g¡S>dp„ k¡ÞV$ T¡rhek®dp„ d“kyMcpC S>¡hp ‘pk¡

cZu, A¡V$g¡ kprl[ÐeL$ kˆ>sp dpfu ‘pk¡ lsu ‘Z

L$rhspAp¡ Ðepf¡ gMpC “lp¡su. Ad¡qfL$p Aphu“¡ S>¡ k„Ojp£

’ep A¡dp„ d“¡ A¡L$ apev$p¡ A¡ ’ep¡ L¡$ lº„ Äep„ eyr“hrk®V$u

Ap¸a ‘¡[Þkëh¡r“epdp„ L$pd L$fsu lsu, Ðep„ Adpfp A„N°¡Æ

rhcpNdp„ v$ffp¡S> L$p¡CL$ “¡ L$p¡CL$ kprlÐeL$pf Aph¡. A¡L$

hpf bp¸õV$““u blº S> ÅZusu L$hreÓu, A¸“ k¡¼kV$“

Aph¡gu. d“¡ A¡“¡ Å¡hp“p¡ A“¡ kp„cmhp“p¡ glphp¡

dþep¡. A¡ b^u fus¡ k„‘Þ“ lsu-v$¡MphX$u lsu, A¡“u

‘pk¡ “p¡L$fu lsu, ‘rs lsp¡, k„sp“p¡ lsp„, b^y„S> lsy„.

R>sp„ A¡“¡ ÓZ¡L$ hpf “h®k b°¡L$X$pD“ Aphu Ne¡gp¡. A“¡

R>¡hV¡$ A¡Z¡ ApÐdlÐep L$fu. ‘Z A¡ Äepf¡ Ap ìe’pdp„’u

‘kpf ’su lsu Ðepf¡ A¡ d“p¡rQqL$ÐkL$ ‘pk¡ Ne¡gu A“¡

A¡“¡ A¡hu kgpl dm¡gu L¡$ Ap b^pdp„’u blpf Aphhp

dpV¡$ sy„ gM, A¡ spfy„ "L¸$’prk®k' li¡. A¡“¡ kp„cþep ‘R>u

d¢ A¡“p„ L$pìep¡ hp„Ãep„ A“¡ A¡“p„ L$pìep¡“u kp’¡ dpfu

gpNZuAp¡“p¡ spmp¡ dþep¡. A“¡ d“¡ ’ey„ L¡$ Å¡ L$p¡C õÓu

‘p¡sp“p rhi¡ L$p¡C ‘Z âL$pf“p r“j¡^ rh“p b¡^X$L$ gMu

iL$su lp¡e sp¡ dpf¡ ‘Z OÏ„ L$l¡hp“y„ R>¡. dpfu ‘pk¡ dpfp„

iê$Aps“p„ hjp£“u hps lsu, dpfu ApSy>bpSy>“u õÓuAp¡“u

hps lsu. A¡V$g¡ Ap b^p“u dv$v$’u lº„ blpf Aphu.

dpfu A¡L$ L$rhsp“u ‘„[¼s R>¡ L¡$ "L$rhsp gMsp„ lp’“¡ V¡$L$p¡

“ dþep¡ lp¡s sp¡ kpQ¡ S> Y$mu ‘X$ps.'

âñ: ‘Þ“pbl¡“, hs“Tyfp‘p¡ A¡ v$¡ip„sf L$f“pf kp¥“u

A¡L$ kpdpÞe gpNZu R>¡, ‘Z b^p„ ‘p¡s‘p¡sp“u fus¡

A¡dp„’u blpf Aph¡ R>¡. A¡ k„v$c£ sdpfu ‘p¡sp“u hps

L$fip¡?

blº kpdpÞe hps L$fy„ sp¡ Ap‘Z¡ NyS>fpsu L$Y$u

b“phhu lp¡e sp¡ Al] A¡ S>dp“pdp„ gudX$p¡ sp¡ “ S> dm¡.

A¡V$g¡ A¡L$ gudX$p S>¡hu kpdpÞe hõsy rdk ’pe. Ly$Vy„$b sp¡

rdk ’pe S>. s¡ A¡dp„’u dpfy„ A¡L$ L$pìe bÞey„, S>¡ L$p¡C

‘Z BrdN°ÞV$“¡ gpNy ‘X¡$. A¡dp„ Apfp^“p“u ‘Z hps

lp¡e, gp¡‘p“u hps ‘Z lp¡e Np¡‘p“u ‘Z hps lp¡e A“¡

‘Þ“p“u hps ‘Z lp¡e. A¡“y„ iuj®L$ R>¡ "lp¡drkL$“¡k'.

lp¡drkL$“¡k

d¢ V²$p¡r‘L$g R>p¡X$“¡ S>X$d|m’u DM¡X$u

Al] ‘fpC iusg c|rddp„

fp¡‘u sp¡ v$u^p¡

A“¡

A¡ R>p¡X¡$ Æhhp“p¡ r“^p®f ‘Z L$fu gu^p¡.

R>sp„

Al] Äepf¡ hk„s Q¡fu ågp¡kçk’u f„NpC Åe R>¡

Ðepf¡

dpfy„ d“ L¡$k|X¡$ dp¡l¡ R>¡.

N°uód“p„ Nygpb ^fp ‘f ‘p¡sp“p„ rbõsf rbR>phu v$¡ R>¡

Ðepf¡

lº„ Nygdp¡f“u epv$’u Ap„M gpg L$fu“¡ fp¡J Ry>„.

Al] bpf¡ dpk hfkpv$ ‘X¡$ R>¡ sp¡e

Ðep„“p S>¡hu hjp®F>sy“u dOdOsu kp¡X$d

¼epf¡e ifuf¡ Qp¢V$su “’u.

AjpY$“p¡ iåv$ S> Al] “’u “¡

Al] b^y„ S> R>¡

R>sp„ L„$C S> “’u.

lº„ lp¡drkL$ ’C NC Ry>„.

’pe R>¡

b^y„ DW$phu“¡ O¡f ÅJ

lh¡ dpfy„ Of ¼ep„?

Ap S>¡ "rbgp¢N' A“¡ “p¸V$ Vy$ rbgp¢N'“u gpNZu R>¡

A¡dp„’u Ap L$pìe Apìey„ R>¡. ‘Z Apfp^“p, A¡V$gp„ hj£

Å¡ lº„ ‘pRy>„ hpmu“¡ Å¡J sp¡ lº„ Ap L$pìe“¡ ÅL$pfp¡ sp¡ “

Ap‘u iLy„$, ‘Z lh¡ A¡ lp¡drkL$“¡k flu S> “’u, L$pfZ L¡$

Ap‘Z¡ b^p„ õh¡ÃR>pA¡ Al] Apìep„ R>uA¡. A¡V$g¡ lh¡ lº„

A“¡ dpfp S>¡hp buÅ Äepf¡ cpfs S>CA¡ Ðepf¡ Ad¡qfL$p

dpV¡$ lp¡drkL$“¡k ’peR>¡.

âñ: A¡“p¡ A’® A¡hp¡ ’pe L¡$ cpfs kp’¡“p¡ “psp¡

bv$gpep¡ R>¡?

lp, OZu fus¡ bv$gpep¡ R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ lh¡ cpfs

S>CA¡ R>uA¡ Ðepf¡ S>¡ cpfs R>p¡X$éy„ lsy„ s¡ füy„ “’u, S>¡

rdÓp¡ lsp A¡ ‘Z bv$gpC Nep R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ rdÓp¡ füp

“’u. A¡d“p âñp¡ Sy>v$p R>¡, Ap‘Zp âñp¡ Sy>v$p R>¡. A¡V$g¡

Å¡X$phy„ AOfy„ gpN¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ dpfu dy„bC“u L$p¡C rdÓ

L$fsp„ lº„ Apfp^“p kp’¡ h^y kpfu fus¡ A“yk„^p“ L$fu iLy„$

Ry>„. cpfsdp„ lº„ Ðep„“u Ry>„ R>sp„ Ðep„“u “’u A¡hy„ ’pe R>¡.

Ðep„ lº„ b„^b¡ksu “’u. NyS>fpsudp„ gMy„ Ry>„ A¡V$g¡ A¡

dpfu Ap¡mM Mfu, A¡ k„b„^ cpjp“¡ L$pfZ¡ V$L$u füp¡ R>¡.

lº„ L$rhsp “ gMsu lp¡s sp¡ d“¡ Mbf “’u lº„ iy„ L$fsu

lp¡s.

âñ: õÓu A“¡ ‘yfyj“p k„h¡v$“s„Óp¡, OV$“pAp¡ A“¡

‘qf[õ’rsAp¡“¡ Sy>v$u Sy>v$u fus¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡, kdS>¡ R>¡. A¡L$

õÓu v$¡ip„sf kp’¡ L¡$hu fus¡ kdS|>su L$f¡ R>¡?

lº„ sp¡ Ap‘Zu õÓuAp¡“¡ A¡V$gu b^u ¾¡$qX$V$ Ap‘y„ Ry>„ L¡$ A¡ b^p hÃQ¡ k„syg“ A¡V$gu kfk fus¡ L$f¡ R>¡, ‘R>u A¡ cZ¡gu lp¡e L¡$ AcZ lp¡e. d¢ Ap rhi¡ A¡L$ g¡M gM¡gp¡-"Þe|S>k}dp„ Tp„ku“u fpZu.' L¡$V$guL$ õÓuAp¡ rbgLy$g cZ¡gu “ lp¡e sp¡ ‘Z “h’u “h“u “p¡L$fu L$fsu lp¡e, NpX$u Qgphsu lp¡e, ‘qfhpf“¡ kpQhsu lp¡e, fkp¡C L$fsu lp¡e. ...Ap b^y„ S> L$fsu lp¡e R>¡. ‘yfyj“¡ ‘l¡fh¡i’u dp„X$u“¡ b^pdp„ õÓu S>¡V$gy„ kdp^p“ L$fhy„ “’u ‘X$sy„, L$pfZ L¡$ lSy> d¢ Å¡ey„ R>¡ L¡$ Al] ApV$gp„ hjp£ füp ‘R>u ‘Z ‘yfyj“y„ dp“k blº Ap¡Ry>„ bv$gpey„ R>¡. dpfu "d„S|>f “’u' L$rhsp Apdp„’u S>Þdu R>¡. A¡ L$pìe d“¡ ¼ep„’u dþey„ A¡“u hps L$fy„. lº„ OZu hpf b^u ‘pV$}Ap¡dp„ ÅJ “¡ Ðep„ ‘yfyjp¡ A¡d“u ‘Ð“uAp¡ kp’¡ S>¡ fus¡ hs£, S>¡ fus¡ hps L$fsp lp¡e, "Ap‘Z¡ ApV$gp„ hpÁe¡ “uL$mu S>hp“y„, lº„ Bipfp¡ L$fy„ “¡ A¡V$g¡ “uL$mu AphS>¡, A“¡ Å¡ Ap„Mp¡ kMZu fpMhp“u' A¡V$g¡ A“¡L$ k|Q“pAp¡ kp’¡ Ðep„ Apìep lp¡e A“¡ Ðep„ Apìep ‘R>u ‘Z k|Q“pAp¡ S> A‘psu lp¡e. A“¡ ‘pRy>„ A¡ ‘Z ‘yfhpf L$fhp“y„ L¡$ ‘yfyjdp„-‘p¡sp“pdp„ byqÙ R>¡ A“¡ õÓudp„ gpNZu R>¡. sp¡ Ap L$pìe Apd R>¡-

AjpY$“p¡ iåv$ S> Al] “’u “¡

Al] b^y„ S> R>¡

R>sp„ L„$C S> “’u.

lº„ lp¡drkL$ ’C NC Ry>„.

’pe R>¡

b^y„ DW$phu“¡ O¡f ÅJ

lh¡ dpfy„ Of ¼ep„?

Ap S>¡ "rbgp¢N' A“¡ “p¸V$ Vy$ rbgp¢N'“u gpNZu R>¡

A¡dp„’u Ap L$pìe Apìey„ R>¡. ‘Z Apfp^“p, A¡V$gp„ hj£

Å¡ lº„ ‘pRy>„ hpmu“¡ Å¡J sp¡ lº„ Ap L$pìe“¡ ÅL$pfp¡ sp¡ “

Ap‘u iLy„$, ‘Z lh¡ A¡ lp¡drkL$“¡k flu S> “’u, L$pfZ L¡$

Ap‘Z¡ b^p„ õh¡ÃR>pA¡ Al] Apìep„ R>uA¡. A¡V$g¡ lh¡ lº„

A“¡ dpfp S>¡hp buÅ Äepf¡ cpfs S>CA¡ Ðepf¡ Ad¡qfL$p

dpV¡$ lp¡drkL$“¡k ’peR>¡.

âñ: A¡“p¡ A’® A¡hp¡ ’pe L¡$ cpfs kp’¡“p¡ “psp¡

bv$gpep¡ R>¡?

lp, OZu fus¡ bv$gpep¡ R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ lh¡ cpfs

S>CA¡ R>uA¡ Ðepf¡ S>¡ cpfs R>p¡X$éy„ lsy„ s¡ füy„ “’u, S>¡

rdÓp¡ lsp A¡ ‘Z bv$gpC Nep R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ rdÓp¡ füp

“’u. A¡d“p âñp¡ Sy>v$p R>¡, Ap‘Zp âñp¡ Sy>v$p R>¡. A¡V$g¡

Å¡X$phy„ AOfy„ gpN¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ dpfu dy„bC“u L$p¡C rdÓ

L$fsp„ lº„ Apfp^“p kp’¡ h^y kpfu fus¡ A“yk„^p“ L$fu iLy„$

Ry>„. cpfsdp„ lº„ Ðep„“u Ry>„ R>sp„ Ðep„“u “’u A¡hy„ ’pe R>¡.

Ðep„ lº„ b„^b¡ksu “’u. NyS>fpsudp„ gMy„ Ry>„ A¡V$g¡ A¡

dpfu Ap¡mM Mfu, A¡ k„b„^ cpjp“¡ L$pfZ¡ V$L$u füp¡ R>¡.

lº„ L$rhsp “ gMsu lp¡s sp¡ d“¡ Mbf “’u lº„ iy„ L$fsu

lp¡s.

âñ: õÓu A“¡ ‘yfyj“p k„h¡v$“s„Óp¡, OV$“pAp¡ A“¡

‘qf[õ’rsAp¡“¡ Sy>v$u Sy>v$u fus¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡, kdS>¡ R>¡. A¡L$

õÓu v$¡ip„sf kp’¡ L¡$hu fus¡ kdS|>su L$f¡ R>¡?

lº„ sp¡ Ap‘Zu õÓuAp¡“¡ A¡V$gu b^u ¾¡$qX$V$ Ap‘y„ Ry>„ L¡$ A¡ b^p hÃQ¡ k„syg“ A¡V$gu kfk fus¡ L$f¡ R>¡, ‘R>u A¡ cZ¡gu lp¡e L¡$ AcZ lp¡e. d¢ Ap rhi¡ A¡L$ g¡M gM¡gp¡-"Þe|S>k}dp„ Tp„ku“u fpZu.' L¡$V$guL$ õÓuAp¡ rbgLy$g cZ¡gu “ lp¡e sp¡ ‘Z “h’u “h“u “p¡L$fu L$fsu lp¡e, NpX$u Qgphsu lp¡e, ‘qfhpf“¡ kpQhsu lp¡e, fkp¡C L$fsu lp¡e. ...Ap b^y„ S> L$fsu lp¡e R>¡. ‘yfyj“¡ ‘l¡fh¡i’u dp„X$u“¡ b^pdp„ õÓu S>¡V$gy„ kdp^p“ L$fhy„ “’u ‘X$sy„, L$pfZ L¡$ lSy> d¢ Å¡ey„ R>¡ L¡$ Al] ApV$gp„ hjp£ füp ‘R>u ‘Z ‘yfyj“y„ dp“k blº Ap¡Ry>„ bv$gpey„ R>¡. dpfu "d„S|>f “’u' L$rhsp Apdp„’u S>Þdu R>¡. A¡ L$pìe d“¡ ¼ep„’u dþey„ A¡“u hps L$fy„. lº„ OZu hpf b^u ‘pV$}Ap¡dp„ ÅJ “¡ Ðep„ ‘yfyjp¡ A¡d“u ‘Ð“uAp¡ kp’¡ S>¡ fus¡ hs£, S>¡ fus¡ hps L$fsp lp¡e, "Ap‘Z¡ ApV$gp„ hpÁe¡ “uL$mu S>hp“y„, lº„ Bipfp¡ L$fy„ “¡ A¡V$g¡ “uL$mu AphS>¡, A“¡ Å¡ Ap„Mp¡ kMZu fpMhp“u' A¡V$g¡ A“¡L$ k|Q“pAp¡ kp’¡ Ðep„ Apìep lp¡e A“¡ Ðep„ Apìep ‘R>u ‘Z k|Q“pAp¡ S> A‘psu lp¡e. A“¡ ‘pRy>„ A¡ ‘Z ‘yfhpf L$fhp“y„ L¡$ ‘yfyjdp„-‘p¡sp“pdp„ byqÙ R>¡ A“¡ õÓudp„ gpNZu R>¡. sp¡ Ap L$pìe Apd R>¡-

L$p¡C“u byqÙ“p ‘p„S>fpdp„ gpNZu“y„ ‘„Mu ’C

V$lº¼ep L$fhp“y„ d“¡ d„S|>f “’u.

L$p¡C â¡d“¡ “pd¡ d“¡ X„$¿ep L$f¡

A“¡ BÃR>p dyS>b d“¡ T„¿ep L$f¡

S>¡ bp¡g¡ s¡ bp¡ghp“y„ “¡ “pN S>¡d X$p¡ghp“y„

d“¡ Aphy„ AY¡$ghp“y„ d„S|>f “’u.

‘p¡sp“u Ap„M lp¡e, ‘p¡sp“u ‘p„M lp¡e,

‘p¡sp“y„ Apc lp¡e, ‘p¡sp“y„ Nus lp¡e,

d““u dprgL$ lº„, dpf¡ s¡ buL$ iu?

lº„ sp¡ dp¥rgL$ Ry>„

lpdp„ lp L$lu“¡ “¡ W$uL$ W$uL$ flu“¡

A¡ W$uL$ W$uL$ fl¡hp“y„ d„S|>f “’u.

dp‘kf bp¡ghp“y„, dp‘kf Qpghp“y„,

dp‘kf ‘l¡fhp“y„, dp‘kf Ap¡Y$hp“y„, dp‘kf ‘p¡Y$hp“y„,

dp‘kf lmhp“y„, dp‘kf cmhp“y„,

dp‘kf, dp‘kf, dp‘kf, dp‘kf.

Aphy„ lmhp“y„-cmhp“y„, dp‘kf Ap¡Nmhp“y„,

d“¡ Aphy„ ‘uNmhp“y„ d„S|>f “’u.

Ap L$pìe rhi¡ kyf¡i l„d¡ip„ L$l¡sp¡ L¡$ A¡ NyS>fpsu

õÓu“y„ fpô²$Nus ’C Ney„ R>¡. lº„ g¡bgdp„ dp“su “’u ‘Z

L$p¡CA¡ “pfuhpv$u“y„ g¡bg gNpX$hy„ lp¡e sp¡ cg¡. lº„ sp¡

A¡V$gy„ dp“y„ Ry>„ Apfp^“p, L¡$ lº„ S>¡ gMy„ s¡ L$rhsp ’pe R>¡ L¡$

“l], L¡$ A¡ hpsp® ’pe R>¡ L¡$ “l], A¡ dpf¡ dpV¡$ ANÐe“y„ R>¡.

âñ: Ad¡qfL$p A¡ Ap¡NZukdu kv$u“p “pfuhpv$“y„

S>Þdõ’m R>¡. sdpfu kS>®“iugsp D‘f Ad¡qfL$p“p¡

âcph L¡$V$gu lv$¡ R>¡?

OZu b^u lv$¡ R>¡. L$v$pQ A¸“ k¡¼kV$“ dpfp

Æh“dp„ “ Aphu lp¡s sp¡ lº„ gMs¡ L¡$ L¡$d A¡ S> d“¡

Mbf “’u. lº„ Ad¡qfL$p Aphu sp¡ S> L$v$pQ gMy„ Ry>„. Å¡ lº„

Al] “ Aphu lp¡s sp¡ dpfu bl¡“‘ZuAp¡“u S>¡d L$df¡

Qphu“p¡ T|X$p¡ gV$L$phu“¡ L$v$pQ afsu lp¡s. d¢ dpfu

ApSy>bpSy> S>¡ õÓuAp¡“¡ Å¡C A¡“p’u dpfp d“ D‘f M|b

Akf ’C R>¡. lº„ A¡hy„ “’u L$l¡su L¡$ ‘yfyj QqX$epsp¡ R>¡ L¡$

õÓu QqX$epsu R>¡, ‘Z õÓu“¡ S>¡ fus¡ v$bphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡

A¡ dpfp’u kl“ “’u ’sy„. õÓu“¡ A¡L$ QuS> sfuL¡$ “l]

‘Z A¡L$ ìe[¼s sfuL¡$ õhuL$pfp¡, bk lº„ A¡V$gy„ S> L$lº„ Ry>„.

A¡“¡ ‘Z gpNZu R>¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡“¡ ‘Z dp“ Ap‘p¡, A¡V$gy„

S> dpf¡ L$l¡hp“y„ R>¡ A“¡ A¡ h^y ‘X$sy„ “’u. A¡L$ L$p¡V®$ L¡$kdp„

lº„ vy$cprjep sfuL¡$ Ne¡gu. Ðep„ A¡L$ ‘V¡$g cpC Aph¡gp.

A¡ kp„S>“u ‘pmudp„ L$pd L$f¡. A¡ L$l¡sp lsp L¡$ fpÓ¡ bpf

hpÁe¡ lº„ Of¡ ‘lp¢Ãep¡ “¡ d“¡ crS>ep„ Mphp“y„ d“ ’ey„

A¡V$g¡ d¢ dpfu ‘Ð“u“¡ DW$pX$u A“¡ L$üy„ L¡$ d“¡ AÐepf¡

crS>ep„ b“phu Ap‘. A¡V$g¡ Aphy„ b^y„, Ap‘Zp’u dp“u

“ iL$pe A¡hy„ ApS>¡ ‘Z Qpgsy„ lp¡e R>¡. S>¡ blpf’u ky›y$

ky›y$ v$¡Mpe R>¡ A¡hy„ Ap‘Zp„ Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„ lp¡sy„ “’u. NyS>fpsu

kdpS> rhi¡ L$v$pQ S>¡V$gy„ L$luA¡ A¡V$gy„ Ap¡Ry>„ R>¡.

âñ: sdpfu A„Ns hps L$fy„ sp¡ sd¡ A“¡L$ kpdprS>L$

ê$qY$Ap¡“¡ bpSy>A¡ d|L$u R>¡. A¡ tlds ¼ep„’u Aph¡ R>¡?

L$p¡C â¡d“¡ “pd¡ d“¡ X„$¿ep L$f¡

A“¡ BÃR>p dyS>b d“¡ T„¿ep L$f¡

S>¡ bp¡g¡ s¡ bp¡ghp“y„ “¡ “pN S>¡d X$p¡ghp“y„

d“¡ Aphy„ AY¡$ghp“y„ d„S|>f “’u.

‘p¡sp“u Ap„M lp¡e, ‘p¡sp“u ‘p„M lp¡e,

‘p¡sp“y„ Apc lp¡e, ‘p¡sp“y„ Nus lp¡e,

d““u dprgL$ lº„, dpf¡ s¡ buL$ iu?

lº„ sp¡ dp¥rgL$ Ry>„

lpdp„ lp L$lu“¡ “¡ W$uL$ W$uL$ flu“¡

A¡ W$uL$ W$uL$ fl¡hp“y„ d„S|>f “’u.

dp‘kf bp¡ghp“y„, dp‘kf Qpghp“y„,

dp‘kf ‘l¡fhp“y„, dp‘kf Ap¡Y$hp“y„, dp‘kf ‘p¡Y$hp“y„,

dp‘kf lmhp“y„, dp‘kf cmhp“y„,

dp‘kf, dp‘kf, dp‘kf, dp‘kf.

Aphy„ lmhp“y„-cmhp“y„, dp‘kf Ap¡Nmhp“y„,

d“¡ Aphy„ ‘uNmhp“y„ d„S|>f “’u.

Ap L$pìe rhi¡ kyf¡i l„d¡ip„ L$l¡sp¡ L¡$ A¡ NyS>fpsu

õÓu“y„ fpô²$Nus ’C Ney„ R>¡. lº„ g¡bgdp„ dp“su “’u ‘Z

L$p¡CA¡ “pfuhpv$u“y„ g¡bg gNpX$hy„ lp¡e sp¡ cg¡. lº„ sp¡

A¡V$gy„ dp“y„ Ry>„ Apfp^“p, L¡$ lº„ S>¡ gMy„ s¡ L$rhsp ’pe R>¡ L¡$

“l], L¡$ A¡ hpsp® ’pe R>¡ L¡$ “l], A¡ dpf¡ dpV¡$ ANÐe“y„ R>¡.

âñ: Ad¡qfL$p A¡ Ap¡NZukdu kv$u“p “pfuhpv$“y„

S>Þdõ’m R>¡. sdpfu kS>®“iugsp D‘f Ad¡qfL$p“p¡

âcph L¡$V$gu lv$¡ R>¡?

OZu b^u lv$¡ R>¡. L$v$pQ A¸“ k¡¼kV$“ dpfp

Æh“dp„ “ Aphu lp¡s sp¡ lº„ gMs¡ L¡$ L¡$d A¡ S> d“¡

Mbf “’u. lº„ Ad¡qfL$p Aphu sp¡ S> L$v$pQ gMy„ Ry>„. Å¡ lº„

Al] “ Aphu lp¡s sp¡ dpfu bl¡“‘ZuAp¡“u S>¡d L$df¡

Qphu“p¡ T|X$p¡ gV$L$phu“¡ L$v$pQ afsu lp¡s. d¢ dpfu

ApSy>bpSy> S>¡ õÓuAp¡“¡ Å¡C A¡“p’u dpfp d“ D‘f M|b

Akf ’C R>¡. lº„ A¡hy„ “’u L$l¡su L¡$ ‘yfyj QqX$epsp¡ R>¡ L¡$

õÓu QqX$epsu R>¡, ‘Z õÓu“¡ S>¡ fus¡ v$bphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡

A¡ dpfp’u kl“ “’u ’sy„. õÓu“¡ A¡L$ QuS> sfuL¡$ “l]

‘Z A¡L$ ìe[¼s sfuL¡$ õhuL$pfp¡, bk lº„ A¡V$gy„ S> L$lº„ Ry>„.

A¡“¡ ‘Z gpNZu R>¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡“¡ ‘Z dp“ Ap‘p¡, A¡V$gy„

S> dpf¡ L$l¡hp“y„ R>¡ A“¡ A¡ h^y ‘X$sy„ “’u. A¡L$ L$p¡V®$ L¡$kdp„

lº„ vy$cprjep sfuL¡$ Ne¡gu. Ðep„ A¡L$ ‘V¡$g cpC Aph¡gp.

A¡ kp„S>“u ‘pmudp„ L$pd L$f¡. A¡ L$l¡sp lsp L¡$ fpÓ¡ bpf

hpÁe¡ lº„ Of¡ ‘lp¢Ãep¡ “¡ d“¡ crS>ep„ Mphp“y„ d“ ’ey„

A¡V$g¡ d¢ dpfu ‘Ð“u“¡ DW$pX$u A“¡ L$üy„ L¡$ d“¡ AÐepf¡

crS>ep„ b“phu Ap‘. A¡V$g¡ Aphy„ b^y„, Ap‘Zp’u dp“u

“ iL$pe A¡hy„ ApS>¡ ‘Z Qpgsy„ lp¡e R>¡. S>¡ blpf’u ky›y$

ky›y$ v$¡Mpe R>¡ A¡hy„ Ap‘Zp„ Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„ lp¡sy„ “’u. NyS>fpsu

kdpS> rhi¡ L$v$pQ S>¡V$gy„ L$luA¡ A¡V$gy„ Ap¡Ry>„ R>¡.

âñ: sdpfu A„Ns hps L$fy„ sp¡ sd¡ A“¡L$ kpdprS>L$

ê$qY$Ap¡“¡ bpSy>A¡ d|L$u R>¡. A¡ tlds ¼ep„’u Aph¡ R>¡?

S>¡V$gp¡ lº„ A¡L$fpf L$fy„ Ry>„ A¡V$gu dpfpdp„ tlds Aphu

R>¡ L¡$ “l] A¡ d“¡ Mbf “’u. ‘Z d“¡ A¡d gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$

dpZk¡ S>¡ fus¡ Æhhy„ lp¡e A¡ fus¡ S> Æhhy„ Å¡CA¡. A¡V$g¡

lº„ sp¡ A¡hy„ S> L$lº„ Ry>„ L¡$ nZ“¡ Æhp¡ A“¡ nZdp„ Æhp¡. S>¡

fus¡ Ap‘Zu gpNZuAp¡“¡ ^fbu v$¡hpdp„ Aphu R>¡ A¡dp„’u sp¡

Å¡L¡$ lº„ ‘Z bpL$ps “lp¡su. iê$Aps“p„ dpfp„ hjp£ OZp„ L$‘fp

lsp„ A¡V$g¡ A¡“¡ rsgp„S>rg Ap‘sp„ OZu hpf gpNu. lh¡ lº„

L$lu iLy„$ L¡$ lº„ V$L$u NC. ‘yfyj“¡ dpV¡$ kdpS>“¡ S>¡V$gu

klp“yc|rs lp¡e R>¡ A¡V$gu õÓu dpV¡$ “’u lp¡su. A“¡ A¡

klp“yc|rs d“¡ Ðepf¡ sp¡ “lp¡su S> dmu. ‘Z lh¡ d“¡ A¡d

’pe R>¡ L¡$ dpf¡ S>¡ L$fhy„ R>¡ s¡ S> lº„ L$fui. A¡dp„ L$p¡C“u lp

“l] A“¡ L$p¡C“u “p “l].

âñ: iê$Aps“p k„Oj®“p„ hjp£ v$fçep“ ¼epf¡e cpfs

‘pR>p S>hp“p¡ rhQpf “lp¡sp¡ Apìep¡?

A¡L$gsp sp¡ Mf¡Mf gpNu S> lsu. ‘Z A¡“u kp’¡

kp’¡ S>¡ dp“rkL$ ip„rs lsu L¡$ lº„ dpfu fus¡ Æhu iL$ui,

cg¡ ‘¥kp “lp¡sp sp¡ lº„ b¡ Å¡b L$fui. ‘Z dpf¡ õhs„Ó fus¡

Æhhy„ lsy„, d“¡ Ap õhs„Ósp A“¡ Ap Arcìe[¼s S>¡ Al]

dþep„ s¡ Å¡ lº„ cpfsdp„ flu lp¡s sp¡ “ dþep„ lp¡s. lº„

cpfsdp„ Aphu L$rhsp “ gMu iL$u lp¡s. S>¡ riiy-T„M“p“u

L$rhsp R>¡, L¡$ A¸“ k¡¼kV$““u Akf “uQ¡ Aphu“¡ d¢ õÓu“p

dprkL$ ^d® rhi¡ g¿ey„ R>¡, "rbëgu' L$rhsp gMu R>¡, A¡

A“¡ A¡hu b^u L$rhspAp¡ lº„ “ gMu iL$u lp¡s. cpfs lº„

‘pR>u NC lp¡s sp¡ d“¡ buSy>„ b^y„ dþey„ lp¡s ‘Z ‘Þ“p

“peL$ “ dmu lp¡s. AÐepf¡ lº„ S>¡ Ry>„, dpfu ‘pk¡ S>¡ R>¡ A¡“p¡

d“¡ k„sp¡j R>¡. lh¡ dpf¡ L$iy„ S> Nydphhp“y„ ‘Z “’u.

âñ: Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hksp cpfsue kdyv$pe rhi¡ qV$à‘Zu

L$fip¡?

Ap‘Zp kdyv$pe rhi¡ lº„ L$lu iLy„$ L¡$ bfpbf R>¡,

Ap‘Z¡ Al] ‘¥kp L$dphp Apìep R>uA¡ A“¡ ‘¥kp bÞep.

‘Z ‘R>u dp¡V$p cpN“p“¡ X$p¸gf rkhpe L„$C fk “’u.

A¡V$g¡ ‘¡gu dpfu A¡L$ “p“L$X$u L$rhsp R>¡ L¡$-Ap‘Z“¡ S>¡

cpjpdp„ k‘“p„ Aph¡ s¡ Ap‘Zu dps©cpjp.

A“¡ d“¡ lÆe¡ k‘“p„ NyS>fpsudp„ S> Aph¡ R>¡.

‘Z dpfu Apk‘pk“p L¡$V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡

Ddpi„L$f“u R>rb Å¡C“¡ kss ‘|R>ép L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$

Ap L$p¡“u R>rb R>¡? Ap L$p¡“u R>rb R>¡?

A¡V$g¡ ‘¥kp bfpbf R>¡, ‘Z ‘R>u sd“¡ cpfsue

k„Nus L¡$ L$gpAp¡dp„ L¡$ Al]“p k„Nus L¡$ Al]“u L$gpAp¡dp„

L„$C S> fk “ lp¡e A¡ Ap‘Zp kdpS> rhi¡ d“¡ blº S>

M|„Q¡ R>¡. ApS>¡ Ap‘Z¡ kdedp„ ’uÆ Nep„ R>uA¡. A¡ S>

lp¡mu, A¡ S> L$’pAp¡, A¡ S> kp^yAp¡-k„sp¡, A¡ S>

qv$hpmu-lp¡mu-“hfprÓ“p Nfbp. Ap‘Z¡ Ðep„ S>¡ b^y„ lsy„

s¡ S> Ap‘Z¡ Al] gC Apìep„ R>uA¡. d“¡ A¡“u kpd¡

hp„^p¡ “’u, A¡ ‘Z S>ê$fu R>¡. ‘Z Ap‘Z¡ Al] fluA¡

R>uA¡ sp¡ Al]“y„ ‘Z L„$C ApÐdkps¹ L$fuA¡. A¡V$g¡ d“¡

Ap X$peõ‘p¡fp“u hpsdp„ A¡ ‘Z M|„Q¡ R>¡ S>¡ gMpZ

Adf¡gu L¡$ Adv$phpv$dp„ b¡ku“¡ gMu iL$pe A¡dp„ A“¡

qagpX¡$[ëaepdp„ b¡ku“¡ gMhpdp„ iy„ a¡f? Å¡ sdpfp

gMpZdp„ Al]“u L$p¡C S> hps “ Aphsu lp¡e, sd¡

Al]“p kdpS> kp’¡ S>fp ‘Z lmsp-dmsp S> “ lp¡,

Al]“p cpjp-kprlÐe“u sd“¡ ‘X$u S> “ lp¡e sp¡ A¡“u

S>¡V$gp¡ lº„ A¡L$fpf L$fy„ Ry>„ A¡V$gu dpfpdp„ tlds Aphu

R>¡ L¡$ “l] A¡ d“¡ Mbf “’u. ‘Z d“¡ A¡d gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$

dpZk¡ S>¡ fus¡ Æhhy„ lp¡e A¡ fus¡ S> Æhhy„ Å¡CA¡. A¡V$g¡

lº„ sp¡ A¡hy„ S> L$lº„ Ry>„ L¡$ nZ“¡ Æhp¡ A“¡ nZdp„ Æhp¡. S>¡

fus¡ Ap‘Zu gpNZuAp¡“¡ ^fbu v$¡hpdp„ Aphu R>¡ A¡dp„’u sp¡

Å¡L¡$ lº„ ‘Z bpL$ps “lp¡su. iê$Aps“p„ dpfp„ hjp£ OZp„ L$‘fp

lsp„ A¡V$g¡ A¡“¡ rsgp„S>rg Ap‘sp„ OZu hpf gpNu. lh¡ lº„

L$lu iLy„$ L¡$ lº„ V$L$u NC. ‘yfyj“¡ dpV¡$ kdpS>“¡ S>¡V$gu

klp“yc|rs lp¡e R>¡ A¡V$gu õÓu dpV¡$ “’u lp¡su. A“¡ A¡

klp“yc|rs d“¡ Ðepf¡ sp¡ “lp¡su S> dmu. ‘Z lh¡ d“¡ A¡d

’pe R>¡ L¡$ dpf¡ S>¡ L$fhy„ R>¡ s¡ S> lº„ L$fui. A¡dp„ L$p¡C“u lp

“l] A“¡ L$p¡C“u “p “l].

âñ: iê$Aps“p k„Oj®“p„ hjp£ v$fçep“ ¼epf¡e cpfs

‘pR>p S>hp“p¡ rhQpf “lp¡sp¡ Apìep¡?

A¡L$gsp sp¡ Mf¡Mf gpNu S> lsu. ‘Z A¡“u kp’¡

kp’¡ S>¡ dp“rkL$ ip„rs lsu L¡$ lº„ dpfu fus¡ Æhu iL$ui,

cg¡ ‘¥kp “lp¡sp sp¡ lº„ b¡ Å¡b L$fui. ‘Z dpf¡ õhs„Ó fus¡

Æhhy„ lsy„, d“¡ Ap õhs„Ósp A“¡ Ap Arcìe[¼s S>¡ Al]

dþep„ s¡ Å¡ lº„ cpfsdp„ flu lp¡s sp¡ “ dþep„ lp¡s. lº„

cpfsdp„ Aphu L$rhsp “ gMu iL$u lp¡s. S>¡ riiy-T„M“p“u

L$rhsp R>¡, L¡$ A¸“ k¡¼kV$““u Akf “uQ¡ Aphu“¡ d¢ õÓu“p

dprkL$ ^d® rhi¡ g¿ey„ R>¡, "rbëgu' L$rhsp gMu R>¡, A¡

A“¡ A¡hu b^u L$rhspAp¡ lº„ “ gMu iL$u lp¡s. cpfs lº„

‘pR>u NC lp¡s sp¡ d“¡ buSy>„ b^y„ dþey„ lp¡s ‘Z ‘Þ“p

“peL$ “ dmu lp¡s. AÐepf¡ lº„ S>¡ Ry>„, dpfu ‘pk¡ S>¡ R>¡ A¡“p¡

d“¡ k„sp¡j R>¡. lh¡ dpf¡ L$iy„ S> Nydphhp“y„ ‘Z “’u.

âñ: Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hksp cpfsue kdyv$pe rhi¡ qV$à‘Zu

L$fip¡?

Ap‘Zp kdyv$pe rhi¡ lº„ L$lu iLy„$ L¡$ bfpbf R>¡,

Ap‘Z¡ Al] ‘¥kp L$dphp Apìep R>uA¡ A“¡ ‘¥kp bÞep.

‘Z ‘R>u dp¡V$p cpN“p“¡ X$p¸gf rkhpe L„$C fk “’u.

A¡V$g¡ ‘¡gu dpfu A¡L$ “p“L$X$u L$rhsp R>¡ L¡$-Ap‘Z“¡ S>¡

cpjpdp„ k‘“p„ Aph¡ s¡ Ap‘Zu dps©cpjp.

A“¡ d“¡ lÆe¡ k‘“p„ NyS>fpsudp„ S> Aph¡ R>¡.

‘Z dpfu Apk‘pk“p L¡$V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡

Ddpi„L$f“u R>rb Å¡C“¡ kss ‘|R>ép L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$

Ap L$p¡“u R>rb R>¡? Ap L$p¡“u R>rb R>¡?

A¡V$g¡ ‘¥kp bfpbf R>¡, ‘Z ‘R>u sd“¡ cpfsue

k„Nus L¡$ L$gpAp¡dp„ L¡$ Al]“p k„Nus L¡$ Al]“u L$gpAp¡dp„

L„$C S> fk “ lp¡e A¡ Ap‘Zp kdpS> rhi¡ d“¡ blº S>

M|„Q¡ R>¡. ApS>¡ Ap‘Z¡ kdedp„ ’uÆ Nep„ R>uA¡. A¡ S>

lp¡mu, A¡ S> L$’pAp¡, A¡ S> kp^yAp¡-k„sp¡, A¡ S>

qv$hpmu-lp¡mu-“hfprÓ“p Nfbp. Ap‘Z¡ Ðep„ S>¡ b^y„ lsy„

s¡ S> Ap‘Z¡ Al] gC Apìep„ R>uA¡. d“¡ A¡“u kpd¡

hp„^p¡ “’u, A¡ ‘Z S>ê$fu R>¡. ‘Z Ap‘Z¡ Al] fluA¡

R>uA¡ sp¡ Al]“y„ ‘Z L„$C ApÐdkps¹ L$fuA¡. A¡V$g¡ d“¡

Ap X$peõ‘p¡fp“u hpsdp„ A¡ ‘Z M|„Q¡ R>¡ S>¡ gMpZ

Adf¡gu L¡$ Adv$phpv$dp„ b¡ku“¡ gMu iL$pe A¡dp„ A“¡

qagpX¡$[ëaepdp„ b¡ku“¡ gMhpdp„ iy„ a¡f? Å¡ sdpfp

gMpZdp„ Al]“u L$p¡C S> hps “ Aphsu lp¡e, sd¡

Al]“p kdpS> kp’¡ S>fp ‘Z lmsp-dmsp S> “ lp¡,

Al]“p cpjp-kprlÐe“u sd“¡ ‘X$u S> “ lp¡e sp¡ A¡“u

kpd¡ dpfu kMs aqfepv$ R>¡. Apfp^“p, lº„ Al] L$p¡C“¡

L$l¡su ‘Z “’u L¡$ lº„ L$rhsp gMy„ Ry>„, L$pfZ L¡$ A¡d“¡

L$rhspdp„ fk S> “’u. A¡ sp¡ A¡ S> Sy>A¡ R>¡ L¡$ sy„ L¡$V$gp

‘¥kp L$dpe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Ap kdpS>“y„ iy„ L$fuiy„? blº S>

vy$:Mv$ bpbs R>¡. Al] b^y„ S> blº QugpQpgy gMpe R>¡.

âL$pi ipl (r“funL$) blº suh°sp’u bp¡ëep lsp L¡$

"ãg¡rdÞNp¡' A¡L$ S> A¡hp¡ hpsp®k„N°l R>¡ S>¡dp„ ApMp¡

‘fv$¡iu dplp¡g R>¡ A“¡ A¡ dplp¡gdp„’u S> b^u hpsp®Ap¡

Aphu R>¡. lh¡ Al] R>‘phhp“y„ kl¡gy„ ’C Ney„ R>¡ A¡V$g¡

L„$C ‘Z gMpe R>¡, L„$C ‘Z R>‘pe R>¡, A“¡ A¡

X$peõ‘p¡fp“¡ “pd¡ Qpgu Åe R>¡. A¡ bfpbf “’u.

âñ: sdpfu â¡fZp iy„ flu R>¡?

lº„ S>¡ Ad¡qfL$“ gp¡L$p¡ kp’¡ L$pd L$fy„ Ry>„ A¡ gp¡L$p¡“¡

dpfp„ kS>®“p¡dp„ fk R>¡ ‘Z A¡ gp¡L$p¡ cpjp “’u ÅZsp

A“¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ cpjp ÅZ¡ R>¡ A¡d“¡ dpfu L$rhspdp„ fk

“’u. Al] A¡L$ blº kfk L$hreÓu R>¡, A¡g¡“p¡f rhg“p¡f,

A¡ dpfu L$rhsp l„d¡ip„ kp„cm¡ A“¡ Ad¡ ’p¡X$p A“yhpv$p¡

‘Z L$ep® R>¡. A¡ A¡V$gp¡ b^p¡ fk bsph¡ ‘Z

NyS>fpsuAp¡“¡ fk “’u. A¡V$g¡ Ap kpd¡ ‘|f¡ sfhp S>¡hy„ R>¡.

‘Z R>sp„ Apfp^“p cË$ d“¡ hp„Q¡ R>¡, d“¡ kp„cm¡ R>¡,

Adv$phpv$-Adf¡gu ¼ep„L$ ¼ep„L$’u d“¡ ‘Óp¡ Aph¡ R>¡ A“¡

A¡ fus¡ d“¡ gMhp“u â¡fZp dm¡ R>¡. 1972’u gMhp

dp„X¡$gy„, 2013dp„ ‘Z lÆ L$gd Qpg¡ R>¡.

âñ: Ad¡qfL$p Aphu“¡ L„$C Nydpìey„ lp¡e A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡?

Al] ‘Z v|$jZp¡ R>¡, Al] ‘Z NfubpC R>¡, Ly$Vy„$bp¡

s|V$sp„ Åe R>¡ A¡“u ìe’p R>¡, Al]“p Apfp¡Áegnu

âñp¡’u d“¡ vy$:M ’pe R>¡. ‘Z Ad¡qfL$pA¡ d“¡ cpfs

L$fsp„ h^pf¡ Apàey„ R>¡. Al] Aphu“¡ Nydphhp L$fsp„ d“¡

Al] Aphu“¡ dþey„ R>¡ h^pf¡. Al] lº„ S>¡hu fus¡ Æhu iLy„$

Ry>„ A¡ dpf¡ dpV¡$ blº dp¡V$u hps R>¡. Al] “ursdÑp R>¡,

Al] S>¡ Arcìe[¼s“y„ õhps„Ôe R>¡, Al] gpeL$ps“p

Ap^pf¡ S>¡ sL$p¡ dm¡ R>¡, A¡ b^y„ d“¡ Nd¡ R>¡. Al] sd¡

Qpfkp¡ X$p¸gfdp„ ‘Z flu iL$p¡ A“¡ Qpf lÅf X$p¸gfdp„

‘Z flu iL$p¡. sdpf¡ L$p¡C“¡ ¼ep„e gp„Q Ap‘hp“u “l],

Al]“u A¡ bpbs d“¡ M|b S> Nd¡ R>¡. A“¡ Al]“u

âL©$rs sp¡ ky„v$f R>¡ S>.

âñ: s¡d R>sp„ ‘Z cpfs“y„ L„$CL$ sp¡ rdk ’sy„ li¡?

d“¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ Äep„ ky^u bp-bp‘Æ Æhsp„ lsp„

Ðep„ ky^u d“¡ A¡d lsy„ L¡$ cpfs dpfp¡ v$¡i R>¡, ‘Z A¡d“p

Nep ‘R>u d“¡ lh¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap S> dpfy„ Of R>¡. lÆ lº„

kpX$u ‘l¡fy„ Ry>„, lÆ Qp„v$gp¡ L$fy„ Ry>„, d“¡ Ap‘Zu cpjp

A¡V$gu Nd¡ R>¡. d“¡ A¡ S>¡ rdk ’pe R>¡ s¡ Ap‘Zu

fp¡S>bfp¡S> bp¡gpsu cpjp, S>¡ Ðep„ bp¡ghp dm¡ R>¡. A¡

Al] “’u dmsy„. Al] “h’u ‘p„Q ky^u kss A„N°¡Æ

rhQpfhp“y„ A“¡ bp¡ghp“y„. A¡V$g¡ Ap‘Zu Æh„s cpjp“¡

lº„ rdk L$fy„ Ry>„. dpfu L$rhspdp„ ‘Z dpfy„ A¡L$ hMs“y„

iåv$c„X$p¡m R>¡, A¡ Ap^pf¡ ApS>¡ ‘Z L$rhsp gMpe R>¡.

A¡ S|>“u d|X$u D‘f S> AÐepf¡ ìep‘pf L$fy„ Ry>„. lº„ Al] Nd¡

s¡V$gp„ ‘yõsL$p¡-kpdreL$p¡ hp„Qy„ ‘Z Al] cpjp“p¡ A¡

Æh„s õ‘i® “’u.

âñ: sd¡ v$¡ip„sqfs “pfu dpV¡$ A¡L$ "ApCL$p¡r“L$ qaNf'

R>p¡. rhv$¡idp„ hksu NyS>fpsu “pfu“¡ iy„ k„v$¡i Ap‘ip¡?

kpd¡ dpfu kMs aqfepv$ R>¡. Apfp^“p, lº„ Al] L$p¡C“¡

L$l¡su ‘Z “’u L¡$ lº„ L$rhsp gMy„ Ry>„, L$pfZ L¡$ A¡d“¡

L$rhspdp„ fk S> “’u. A¡ sp¡ A¡ S> Sy>A¡ R>¡ L¡$ sy„ L¡$V$gp

‘¥kp L$dpe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Ap kdpS>“y„ iy„ L$fuiy„? blº S>

vy$:Mv$ bpbs R>¡. Al] b^y„ S> blº QugpQpgy gMpe R>¡.

âL$pi ipl (r“funL$) blº suh°sp’u bp¡ëep lsp L¡$

"ãg¡rdÞNp¡' A¡L$ S> A¡hp¡ hpsp®k„N°l R>¡ S>¡dp„ ApMp¡

‘fv$¡iu dplp¡g R>¡ A“¡ A¡ dplp¡gdp„’u S> b^u hpsp®Ap¡

Aphu R>¡. lh¡ Al] R>‘phhp“y„ kl¡gy„ ’C Ney„ R>¡ A¡V$g¡

L„$C ‘Z gMpe R>¡, L„$C ‘Z R>‘pe R>¡, A“¡ A¡

X$peõ‘p¡fp“¡ “pd¡ Qpgu Åe R>¡. A¡ bfpbf “’u.

âñ: sdpfu â¡fZp iy„ flu R>¡?

lº„ S>¡ Ad¡qfL$“ gp¡L$p¡ kp’¡ L$pd L$fy„ Ry>„ A¡ gp¡L$p¡“¡

dpfp„ kS>®“p¡dp„ fk R>¡ ‘Z A¡ gp¡L$p¡ cpjp “’u ÅZsp

A“¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ cpjp ÅZ¡ R>¡ A¡d“¡ dpfu L$rhspdp„ fk

“’u. Al] A¡L$ blº kfk L$hreÓu R>¡, A¡g¡“p¡f rhg“p¡f,

A¡ dpfu L$rhsp l„d¡ip„ kp„cm¡ A“¡ Ad¡ ’p¡X$p A“yhpv$p¡

‘Z L$ep® R>¡. A¡ A¡V$gp¡ b^p¡ fk bsph¡ ‘Z

NyS>fpsuAp¡“¡ fk “’u. A¡V$g¡ Ap kpd¡ ‘|f¡ sfhp S>¡hy„ R>¡.

‘Z R>sp„ Apfp^“p cË$ d“¡ hp„Q¡ R>¡, d“¡ kp„cm¡ R>¡,

Adv$phpv$-Adf¡gu ¼ep„L$ ¼ep„L$’u d“¡ ‘Óp¡ Aph¡ R>¡ A“¡

A¡ fus¡ d“¡ gMhp“u â¡fZp dm¡ R>¡. 1972’u gMhp

dp„X¡$gy„, 2013dp„ ‘Z lÆ L$gd Qpg¡ R>¡.

âñ: Ad¡qfL$p Aphu“¡ L„$C Nydpìey„ lp¡e A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡?

Al] ‘Z v|$jZp¡ R>¡, Al] ‘Z NfubpC R>¡, Ly$Vy„$bp¡

s|V$sp„ Åe R>¡ A¡“u ìe’p R>¡, Al]“p Apfp¡Áegnu

âñp¡’u d“¡ vy$:M ’pe R>¡. ‘Z Ad¡qfL$pA¡ d“¡ cpfs

L$fsp„ h^pf¡ Apàey„ R>¡. Al] Aphu“¡ Nydphhp L$fsp„ d“¡

Al] Aphu“¡ dþey„ R>¡ h^pf¡. Al] lº„ S>¡hu fus¡ Æhu iLy„$

Ry>„ A¡ dpf¡ dpV¡$ blº dp¡V$u hps R>¡. Al] “ursdÑp R>¡,

Al] S>¡ Arcìe[¼s“y„ õhps„Ôe R>¡, Al] gpeL$ps“p

Ap^pf¡ S>¡ sL$p¡ dm¡ R>¡, A¡ b^y„ d“¡ Nd¡ R>¡. Al] sd¡

Qpfkp¡ X$p¸gfdp„ ‘Z flu iL$p¡ A“¡ Qpf lÅf X$p¸gfdp„

‘Z flu iL$p¡. sdpf¡ L$p¡C“¡ ¼ep„e gp„Q Ap‘hp“u “l],

Al]“u A¡ bpbs d“¡ M|b S> Nd¡ R>¡. A“¡ Al]“u

âL©$rs sp¡ ky„v$f R>¡ S>.

âñ: s¡d R>sp„ ‘Z cpfs“y„ L„$CL$ sp¡ rdk ’sy„ li¡?

d“¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ Äep„ ky^u bp-bp‘Æ Æhsp„ lsp„

Ðep„ ky^u d“¡ A¡d lsy„ L¡$ cpfs dpfp¡ v$¡i R>¡, ‘Z A¡d“p

Nep ‘R>u d“¡ lh¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap S> dpfy„ Of R>¡. lÆ lº„

kpX$u ‘l¡fy„ Ry>„, lÆ Qp„v$gp¡ L$fy„ Ry>„, d“¡ Ap‘Zu cpjp

A¡V$gu Nd¡ R>¡. d“¡ A¡ S>¡ rdk ’pe R>¡ s¡ Ap‘Zu

fp¡S>bfp¡S> bp¡gpsu cpjp, S>¡ Ðep„ bp¡ghp dm¡ R>¡. A¡

Al] “’u dmsy„. Al] “h’u ‘p„Q ky^u kss A„N°¡Æ

rhQpfhp“y„ A“¡ bp¡ghp“y„. A¡V$g¡ Ap‘Zu Æh„s cpjp“¡

lº„ rdk L$fy„ Ry>„. dpfu L$rhspdp„ ‘Z dpfy„ A¡L$ hMs“y„

iåv$c„X$p¡m R>¡, A¡ Ap^pf¡ ApS>¡ ‘Z L$rhsp gMpe R>¡.

A¡ S|>“u d|X$u D‘f S> AÐepf¡ ìep‘pf L$fy„ Ry>„. lº„ Al] Nd¡

s¡V$gp„ ‘yõsL$p¡-kpdreL$p¡ hp„Qy„ ‘Z Al] cpjp“p¡ A¡

Æh„s õ‘i® “’u.

âñ: sd¡ v$¡ip„sqfs “pfu dpV¡$ A¡L$ "ApCL$p¡r“L$ qaNf'

R>p¡. rhv$¡idp„ hksu NyS>fpsu “pfu“¡ iy„ k„v$¡i Ap‘ip¡?

k„v$¡ip¡ sp¡ iy„ Ap‘u iLy„$? ‘Z "f„NTê$M¡'“u ’p¡X$u

‘„[¼s L$lu iLy„$.

c|sL$pm“¡ KQL$u“¡ Qpghpdp„ d“¡ fk “’u.

Aphsu L$pgdp„ ‘Z d“¡ fk “’u.

lº„ sp¡ T|Ly„$ Ry>„ nZ¡nZ“p f„NTê$M¡.

dpfp Ap v$uO®L$pìedp„ Æh“ âÐe¡“p¡ ArcNd âNV$

’ep¡ R>¡. lº„ A¡V$gp¡ S> k„v$¡i Ap‘u iLy„$ L¡$ Æh“ âÐe¡“p¡

ArcNd lL$pfpÐdL$ lp¡hp¡ Å¡CA¡. Æh“dp„ rh“p¡v$ lp¡hp¡

Å¡CA¡. L$p¡CL$“u kp’¡ i¸f L$fu iL$pe A¡hy„ ‘pÓ lp¡hy„

Å¡CA¡. gp¡L$p¡ d“¡ "rhv$¡ri“u' L$l¡ S> R>¡, ‘Z "rh“p¡qv$“u'

‘Z L$l¡ R>¡.

(âhprk“u: v$¡ip„sqfs “pfuAp¡ kp’¡“p k„hpv$p¡.

dygpL$psL$pf: Apfp^“p cË$. Adv$phpv$, “hcpfs, 2014-dp„’u

kpcpf)

L$p¡g¡S>dp„ lsu Ðepf¡ Mbf “l]

L¡$d ‘Z L$rhspA¡¡ Æhdp„ d|„Np¡ d|„Np¡

dpmp¡ bp„^¡gp¡. ip dpV$¡ L$rhsp S>

gMhp“u T„M“p ’C? Ap âñ“¡

Ap^pf¡ lº„ ‘pR>m hmu“¡ dpfp Æh““¡

Å¡hp“p¡ âeÐ_ L$fy„ Ry>„. dpfp Of“p

hpsphfZdp„ S> L$rhsp“p k„õL$pf cep®

‘X$ep lsp. Op¡qX$epdp„ lsu Ðepf’u dpfu

dp“¡ L„$W$¡ ‘yrô k„âv$pe“p„ A“¡L$ ‘v$p¡,

cS>“p¡ kp„cmsu Aphu Ry>„. Apd

‘f„‘fp“p¡ AhpS> A“¡ dp“p¡ L„$W$ A“¡ A¡

Üpfp iåv$“y„ kprßÝe “p“‘Z’u dpfu

gp¡‘p “¡ Np¡‘p“u hps A¡ dpfu L$rhsp‘ßp “peL$

k„v$¡ip¡ sp¡ iy„ Ap‘u iLy„$? ‘Z "f„NTê$M¡'“u ’p¡X$u

‘„[¼s L$lu iLy„$.

c|sL$pm“¡ KQL$u“¡ Qpghpdp„ d“¡ fk “’u.

Aphsu L$pgdp„ ‘Z d“¡ fk “’u.

lº„ sp¡ T|Ly„$ Ry>„ nZ¡nZ“p f„NTê$M¡.

dpfp Ap v$uO®L$pìedp„ Æh“ âÐe¡“p¡ ArcNd âNV$

’ep¡ R>¡. lº„ A¡V$gp¡ S> k„v$¡i Ap‘u iLy„$ L¡$ Æh“ âÐe¡“p¡

ArcNd lL$pfpÐdL$ lp¡hp¡ Å¡CA¡. Æh“dp„ rh“p¡v$ lp¡hp¡

Å¡CA¡. L$p¡CL$“u kp’¡ i¸f L$fu iL$pe A¡hy„ ‘pÓ lp¡hy„

Å¡CA¡. gp¡L$p¡ d“¡ "rhv$¡ri“u' L$l¡ S> R>¡, ‘Z "rh“p¡qv$“u'

‘Z L$l¡ R>¡.

(âhprk“u: v$¡ip„sqfs “pfuAp¡ kp’¡“p k„hpv$p¡.

dygpL$psL$pf: Apfp^“p cË$. Adv$phpv$, “hcpfs, 2014-dp„’u

kpcpf)

L$p¡g¡S>dp„ lsu Ðepf¡ Mbf “l]

L¡$d ‘Z L$rhspA¡¡ Æhdp„ d|„Np¡ d|„Np¡

dpmp¡ bp„^¡gp¡. ip dpV$¡ L$rhsp S>

gMhp“u T„M“p ’C? Ap âñ“¡

Ap^pf¡ lº„ ‘pR>m hmu“¡ dpfp Æh““¡

Å¡hp“p¡ âeÐ_ L$fy„ Ry>„. dpfp Of“p

hpsphfZdp„ S> L$rhsp“p k„õL$pf cep®

‘X$ep lsp. Op¡qX$epdp„ lsu Ðepf’u dpfu

dp“¡ L„$W$¡ ‘yrô k„âv$pe“p„ A“¡L$ ‘v$p¡,

cS>“p¡ kp„cmsu Aphu Ry>„. Apd

‘f„‘fp“p¡ AhpS> A“¡ dp“p¡ L„$W$ A“¡ A¡

Üpfp iåv$“y„ kprßÝe “p“‘Z’u dpfu

gp¡‘p “¡ Np¡‘p“u hps A¡ dpfu L$rhsp‘ßp “peL$

Apk‘pk füy„ R>¡. dpfp Æh““u dp¡V$u rhrQÓsp gpNsu

lp¡e sp¡ s¡ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡Z¡ “p“‘Z’u gebÙ A“¡ R>„v$p¡bÙ

L©$rsAp¡ kp„cmu lsu A¡ lº„ ku^u AR>p„v$k sfa$ âpf„cdp„

L¡$d hmu? L¡$V$guL$ hpsp¡“p bp¥rÙL$ Mygpkp Ap‘u iL$psp

“’u A“¡ Å¡ blº MZuMp¡sfu“¡ Ap‘hp S>CA¡ sp¡ ‘Z

d“dp„ A¡L$ ce fl¡ L¡$ Ap MygpkpAp¡dp„ byrÙ“p¡ â‘„Q sp¡

“l] füp¡ lp¡e?

Apd sp¡ dy„bCdp„ k¢V$ T¡rhek® L$p¡g¡S>dp„ NyS>fpsu

A“¡ k„õL©$s rhjep¡ kp’¡ cZu. îu d“kyMcpC Th¡fu

S>¡hp âpÝep‘L$“p¡ gpc dþep¡. R>„v$p¡“p Ql¡fpAp¡ ‘Z L„$C

AÅÎep “lp¡sp. d“kyMcpC“¡ L$pfZ¡ L$rhsp“¡ dpZhp“p¡

cf‘|f Ap“„v$ dm¡gp¡. L$l¡hu lp¡e sp¡ ApV$gu kÄS>sp

lsu A“¡ R>sp„e v$¡idp„ lsu Ðepf¡ suh° CÃR>p lp¡hp R>sp„

L$rhsp“p¡ L$ Ðep„ “¡ Ðepf¡ “ O|„V$pep¡ s¡ “ S> O|„V$pep¡.

1960dp„ qagpX¡$[ëaep Aphu. “hy„ Æh“ A“¡ “hp¡

v$¡i. Ap„Mdp„ S> “l], Ap¿M¡Ap¿Mp A[õsÐhdp„ fp¡dp„Q

lsp¡. ‘Z Æh“dp„ ’pe R>¡ A¡d fp¡dp„Q“y„ Apeyóe blº

“’u lp¡sy„. Ðep„ A“¡L$ dpZkp¡’u h]V$mpe¡gu lº„ A¡L$pA¡L$

A¡L$gu ’C NC. ‘¡gy„ ‘qfrQs Of “l], d“d¡m

dpZkp¡“p¡ d¡mp¡ “l]. L¡$hm Of A“¡ “p¡L$fu A“¡ i|Þesp“p¡

A“ych L$fph¡ A¡hp¡ ‘p¡L$m kde. Ap A¡L$gsp A“¡

i|Þespdp„’u DNfhp dpV$¡ S> ÅZ¡ lº„ L$rhsp ‘pk¡ NC!

sd“¡ kpQy„ L$lº„? L$rhsp “ lp¡s“¡ sp¡ lº„ kph A¡L$gu

A¡L$gu ’C Ås. dpfp A¡L$ L$pìe“u ‘„r¼s R>¡ L¡$ "L$rhsp

gMsp lp’“p¡ V$¡L$p¡ “ dþep¡ lp¡s sp¡ kpQ¡ S> Y$mu ‘X$ps.'

NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“u c|rdL$p sp¡ dpfu ‘pk¡ lsu S>.

‘Z Al] qagpX¡$[ëaepdp„ füp füp, gpCb°¡fudp„ L$pd

L$fsp L$fsp, ‘yõsL$p¡ S>¡hp A“p¾$dL$ rdÓp¡“u hÃQ¡ Æhsp

Æhsp, AQp“L$ A¡L$ qv$hk Ad¡qfL$“ L$hreÓu A¡“

k¡¼kV$““¡ dmhp kp„cmhp hp„Qhp“p¡ glphp¡ dþep¡. A¡“p„

L$pìep¡ lº„ hp„Qsu ÅJ A“¡ A¡ hpsphfZdp„ X|$bsu ÅJ.

A¡“p„ L$pìep¡“u r“Mpgksp A“¡ ‘pfv$i®L$sp d“¡ h]^u

Nep. ÅZ¡ L¡$ dpfp Mp¡hpC Ne¡gp A[õsÐh“p¡ ¼ep„L$ A¡dp„

spmp¡ dmsp¡ lp¡e. A¡L$ ”u ‘p¡sp rhi¡ L$p¡C ‘Z âL$pf“p

r“j¡^ rh“p L¡$V$gu lv$¡ b¡^X$L$ bep“ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡ A¡“p¡ d“¡

¿epg Apìep¡. A¡“p„ L$pìep¡dp„ Ncp®ie“u hpsp¡,

dpõV$fb¡i“ A“¡ d¡ÞõV²y$A¡i““u hpsp¡ A¡ R>p¡R> rh“p L$fu

iL¡$ R>¡-v$„c“p ‘X$v$p Qufu“¡. lº„ A¡ ‘Z kdSy>„ Ry>„ L¡$ Aphp

rhjep¡“u hpsp¡ L$fhp’u S> L$rhsp “’u ’su. ‘Z A„v$f“y„

L$p¡C sÒh Aphu hpsp¡“u Arcìer¼s dpV$¡ ^kdksy„ Aphsy„

lp¡e sp¡ L¡$hm kpdprS>L$ ce’u A¡“p¡ Y$p„L$r‘R>p¡X$p¡ L$fhp¡ A¡

L$pefsp R>¡.

Ap“p A“yk„^p“dp„ AÐepf¡ dpf¡ A¡L$ hps“u

õ‘ô$sp L$fhu R>¡. A¡“ k¡¼kV$““u Akf “uQ¡ gM¡gp„

dpfp„ L$pìep¡dp„ d¢ ""”u Æh““u, Æh““u h¡v$“p“u,

Æh““p L$Vy$L$W$p¡f A“ychp¡“u, g‚Æh““u rhjdsp“u

A“¡ ìe’p“u, â¡d“u T„M“p“u, g‚bpü k„b„^p¡“u

rhfksp“u hpsp¡ L$fu R>¡.'' ‘Z ‘ßp “peL$ hps L$f¡ R>¡

Ðepf¡ A¡“p¡ A“ych dpÓ ‘ßp “peL$“p¡ “l] ‘Z

Adf¡gudp„ L¡$ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hksu cpfsue CduN°ÞV$ “pfu

gp¡‘p L¡$ Np¡‘p“p¡ L¡$ rhðdp„ hksu L$p¡C ‘Z “pfu“p¡ R>¡.

V|$„L$pdp„, L$rhsp“y„ A“¡ Æh““y„ kdufL$Z L$fhy„ Aõ’p“¡ R>¡.

Apk‘pk füy„ R>¡. dpfp Æh““u dp¡V$u rhrQÓsp gpNsu

lp¡e sp¡ s¡ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡Z¡ “p“‘Z’u gebÙ A“¡ R>„v$p¡bÙ

L©$rsAp¡ kp„cmu lsu A¡ lº„ ku^u AR>p„v$k sfa$ âpf„cdp„

L¡$d hmu? L¡$V$guL$ hpsp¡“p bp¥rÙL$ Mygpkp Ap‘u iL$psp

“’u A“¡ Å¡ blº MZuMp¡sfu“¡ Ap‘hp S>CA¡ sp¡ ‘Z

d“dp„ A¡L$ ce fl¡ L¡$ Ap MygpkpAp¡dp„ byrÙ“p¡ â‘„Q sp¡

“l] füp¡ lp¡e?

Apd sp¡ dy„bCdp„ k¢V$ T¡rhek® L$p¡g¡S>dp„ NyS>fpsu

A“¡ k„õL©$s rhjep¡ kp’¡ cZu. îu d“kyMcpC Th¡fu

S>¡hp âpÝep‘L$“p¡ gpc dþep¡. R>„v$p¡“p Ql¡fpAp¡ ‘Z L„$C

AÅÎep “lp¡sp. d“kyMcpC“¡ L$pfZ¡ L$rhsp“¡ dpZhp“p¡

cf‘|f Ap“„v$ dm¡gp¡. L$l¡hu lp¡e sp¡ ApV$gu kÄS>sp

lsu A“¡ R>sp„e v$¡idp„ lsu Ðepf¡ suh° CÃR>p lp¡hp R>sp„

L$rhsp“p¡ L$ Ðep„ “¡ Ðepf¡ “ O|„V$pep¡ s¡ “ S> O|„V$pep¡.

1960dp„ qagpX¡$[ëaep Aphu. “hy„ Æh“ A“¡ “hp¡

v$¡i. Ap„Mdp„ S> “l], Ap¿M¡Ap¿Mp A[õsÐhdp„ fp¡dp„Q

lsp¡. ‘Z Æh“dp„ ’pe R>¡ A¡d fp¡dp„Q“y„ Apeyóe blº

“’u lp¡sy„. Ðep„ A“¡L$ dpZkp¡’u h]V$mpe¡gu lº„ A¡L$pA¡L$

A¡L$gu ’C NC. ‘¡gy„ ‘qfrQs Of “l], d“d¡m

dpZkp¡“p¡ d¡mp¡ “l]. L¡$hm Of A“¡ “p¡L$fu A“¡ i|Þesp“p¡

A“ych L$fph¡ A¡hp¡ ‘p¡L$m kde. Ap A¡L$gsp A“¡

i|Þespdp„’u DNfhp dpV$¡ S> ÅZ¡ lº„ L$rhsp ‘pk¡ NC!

sd“¡ kpQy„ L$lº„? L$rhsp “ lp¡s“¡ sp¡ lº„ kph A¡L$gu

A¡L$gu ’C Ås. dpfp A¡L$ L$pìe“u ‘„r¼s R>¡ L¡$ "L$rhsp

gMsp lp’“p¡ V$¡L$p¡ “ dþep¡ lp¡s sp¡ kpQ¡ S> Y$mu ‘X$ps.'

NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“u c|rdL$p sp¡ dpfu ‘pk¡ lsu S>.

‘Z Al] qagpX¡$[ëaepdp„ füp füp, gpCb°¡fudp„ L$pd

L$fsp L$fsp, ‘yõsL$p¡ S>¡hp A“p¾$dL$ rdÓp¡“u hÃQ¡ Æhsp

Æhsp, AQp“L$ A¡L$ qv$hk Ad¡qfL$“ L$hreÓu A¡“

k¡¼kV$““¡ dmhp kp„cmhp hp„Qhp“p¡ glphp¡ dþep¡. A¡“p„

L$pìep¡ lº„ hp„Qsu ÅJ A“¡ A¡ hpsphfZdp„ X|$bsu ÅJ.

A¡“p„ L$pìep¡“u r“Mpgksp A“¡ ‘pfv$i®L$sp d“¡ h]^u

Nep. ÅZ¡ L¡$ dpfp Mp¡hpC Ne¡gp A[õsÐh“p¡ ¼ep„L$ A¡dp„

spmp¡ dmsp¡ lp¡e. A¡L$ ”u ‘p¡sp rhi¡ L$p¡C ‘Z âL$pf“p

r“j¡^ rh“p L¡$V$gu lv$¡ b¡^X$L$ bep“ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡ A¡“p¡ d“¡

¿epg Apìep¡. A¡“p„ L$pìep¡dp„ Ncp®ie“u hpsp¡,

dpõV$fb¡i“ A“¡ d¡ÞõV²y$A¡i““u hpsp¡ A¡ R>p¡R> rh“p L$fu

iL¡$ R>¡-v$„c“p ‘X$v$p Qufu“¡. lº„ A¡ ‘Z kdSy>„ Ry>„ L¡$ Aphp

rhjep¡“u hpsp¡ L$fhp’u S> L$rhsp “’u ’su. ‘Z A„v$f“y„

L$p¡C sÒh Aphu hpsp¡“u Arcìer¼s dpV$¡ ^kdksy„ Aphsy„

lp¡e sp¡ L¡$hm kpdprS>L$ ce’u A¡“p¡ Y$p„L$r‘R>p¡X$p¡ L$fhp¡ A¡

L$pefsp R>¡.

Ap“p A“yk„^p“dp„ AÐepf¡ dpf¡ A¡L$ hps“u

õ‘ô$sp L$fhu R>¡. A¡“ k¡¼kV$““u Akf “uQ¡ gM¡gp„

dpfp„ L$pìep¡dp„ d¢ ""”u Æh““u, Æh““u h¡v$“p“u,

Æh““p L$Vy$L$W$p¡f A“ychp¡“u, g‚Æh““u rhjdsp“u

A“¡ ìe’p“u, â¡d“u T„M“p“u, g‚bpü k„b„^p¡“u

rhfksp“u hpsp¡ L$fu R>¡.'' ‘Z ‘ßp “peL$ hps L$f¡ R>¡

Ðepf¡ A¡“p¡ A“ych dpÓ ‘ßp “peL$“p¡ “l] ‘Z

Adf¡gudp„ L¡$ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hksu cpfsue CduN°ÞV$ “pfu

gp¡‘p L¡$ Np¡‘p“p¡ L¡$ rhðdp„ hksu L$p¡C ‘Z “pfu“p¡ R>¡.

V|$„L$pdp„, L$rhsp“y„ A“¡ Æh““y„ kdufL$Z L$fhy„ Aõ’p“¡ R>¡.

"âh¡i'dp„ R>‘pe¡gy„ "õ“¡‘ip¡V$'

ApS>¡ Myi Ry>„

L¡$d, A¡ sp¡ “’u kdÅsy„.

Ap Myiu“p¡

õ“¡‘ip¡V$ gC

dY$phu

k|hp“p Ap¡fX$pdp„ V$p„Nu iL$pe?

A¡ dpfy„ â’d L$pìe R>¡. nZ“p Ap“„v$“¡ ipðsudp„

dY$u g¡hp“u A¡dp„ hps R>¡. A¡“u ‘l¡gu ‘„r¼s "ApS>¡ Myi

Ry>„.' A¡“p¡ A’® A¡hp¡ L¡$ NC L$pg¡ “lp¡su. Ap Myiu L$v$pQ

d“¡ ‘l¡gu hpf iåv$ dþep¡/awV$ep¡ lp¡e A¡“u ‘Z lp¡e.

‘Z L$pìedp„ õ“¡‘ip¡V$ gC“¡ A¡“¡ k|hp“p Ap¡fX$pdp„

V$p„Nhp“u S>¡ hps Aph¡ R>¡ A¡dp„ L$v$pQ dpfp Æh““u

ìe’p ‘Z X$p¡L$pC lp¡e. Apd AL$õdps¡ S> R> ‘„r¼s“y„ L$pìe

dpfu L$pìek©rô“p rhje“¡ A“¡ Arcìer¼s“¡ âNV$ L$fsy„

bpeap¡L$g L$pìe ’C Ney„.

Ap S> v$frdep“ “hp Ofdp„ Ad¡ “hy„ ar“®Qf

hkpìey„. v$uhp“Mp“y„ kÅìey„. M|b a¡$fa$pf ‘R>u ar“®Qf

bfpbf Np¡W$hpey„ R>¡ A¡d gpÁey„. ‘Z A¡ b^u kÅhV$

‘R>u A¡L$pA¡L$ d“dp„ Quk ‘X$u NC L¡$ Ap b^pdp„ lº„ ¼ep„?

Ap‘Zp NyS>fpsuAp¡ sp¡ S>¡ dþey„ R>¡ s¡dp„ k„sp¡j dp“u“¡

S>¡d ^ud¡ ^ud¡ Np¡W$hpC Åe R>¡ s¡d lº„ ¼epf¡e L$fu iL$u

“l]. dpfp¡ kss âñ lsp¡ "d“¡ ¼ep„ Np¡W$hy„?' A¡

l¥ephfpmdp„’u S>Þçey„ dpfy„ "v$uhp“Mp“pdp„' L$pìe. dpfp

L$pìep¡“u cpjp kph bp¡gQpg“u A“¡ L$pìep¡“p rhjep¡ ‘Z

fp¡S>-b-fp¡S>“p.

A¡L$ âk„N“u hps L$fhu R>¡ S>¡ l„d¡i dpV$¡ dpfp

rQÑdp„ S>X$pC Nep¡ R>¡. A¡ âk„N s¡ lº„ ‘l¡gu hpf

Ad¡qfL$p Aphu Ðepf“p¡. AY$pf L$gpL$“u dykpafu L$fu“¡ Þe|

ep¡L®$“p A¡f‘p¡V$® ‘f Esfu lsu. d¢ kpX$u ‘l¡fu lsu. L$p¡fp

L„$Ly$“p¡ gpg Qp„‰p¡ L$ep£ lsp¡. ‘pk‘p¡V$® ‘f rk½$p¡ dfphhp

gpC“dp„ Ecu lsu. dpfu ‘pR>m A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$“ bpmL$

A¡“u dp kp’¡ Ecy„ lsy„. A¡ V$uL$u V$uL$u“¡ dpfu kpd¡ Å¡ep

L$fsy„ lsy„. ’p¡X$u hpf ‘R>u A¡Z¡ A¡“u dp“¡ L$üy„, “Oh

mommy! See, see, her forehead is bleeding.” ‘fv$¡iu

lp¡hp“p¡, Ad¡qfL$“ cpfsue lp¡hp“p¡, Ap dpfp¡ â’d

A“ych lsp¡. Ap âk„N“¡ d¢ dpfp L„$Ly$ “pd“p L$pìedp„

hZu gu^p¡ R>¡. Aphp immigrant experiences“p„ A“¡

iê$Aps“p OfTyfp‘p“p„ L$pìep¡ d¢ g¿ep„ R>¡.

lº„ kss gMsu flu Ry>„. TpT¡ cpN¡ AR>p„v$k sp¡

¼epf¡L$ kp¡“¡V$p¡ ‘Z g¿ep„ R>¡. R>„v$p¡bÙ kp¡“¡V$“u kp’¡ NÛ

kp¡“¡V$ L¡$ dfpW$udp„ S>¡“¡ "ky“us' L$l¡hpe A¡hp âep¡Np¡ L$ep®.

hÃQ¡ A¡L$ A¡hp¡ sb½$p¡ Apìep¡ L¡$ ‘„r¼sAp¡ Nus“p¡ ge

gC“¡ Aphsu flu A“¡ Apd Nusp¡ ‘Z gMpep„ S>¡“p¡

Agpev$p¡ k„N°l "Aph“Åh“' ‘Z âNV$ ’ep¡.

L$rhsp gMsp„ gMsp„ A¡L$ “hu qv$ip ‘Z dmu.

L¡$V$gp„L$ rhjep¡“u hps A“¡ Arcìer¼s dpV$¡ L$rhsp“u L¡$X$u

“p“u ‘X$u A¡V$g¡ hpsp® sfa$ hmu A“¡ "ãg¡rdÞNp¡'

hpsp®k„N°l ’ep¡.

f„NTê$M¡ L$pìek„N°ldp„ v$uO® ArNepf L$pìep¡ R>¡.

A¡dp„ h¡v$“p’u âpf„c ’e¡gu L$rhsp L$p¡C rhõde“p rhðdp„

"âh¡i'dp„ R>‘pe¡gy„ "õ“¡‘ip¡V$'

ApS>¡ Myi Ry>„

L¡$d, A¡ sp¡ “’u kdÅsy„.

Ap Myiu“p¡

õ“¡‘ip¡V$ gC

dY$phu

k|hp“p Ap¡fX$pdp„ V$p„Nu iL$pe?

A¡ dpfy„ â’d L$pìe R>¡. nZ“p Ap“„v$“¡ ipðsudp„

dY$u g¡hp“u A¡dp„ hps R>¡. A¡“u ‘l¡gu ‘„r¼s "ApS>¡ Myi

Ry>„.' A¡“p¡ A’® A¡hp¡ L¡$ NC L$pg¡ “lp¡su. Ap Myiu L$v$pQ

d“¡ ‘l¡gu hpf iåv$ dþep¡/awV$ep¡ lp¡e A¡“u ‘Z lp¡e.

‘Z L$pìedp„ õ“¡‘ip¡V$ gC“¡ A¡“¡ k|hp“p Ap¡fX$pdp„

V$p„Nhp“u S>¡ hps Aph¡ R>¡ A¡dp„ L$v$pQ dpfp Æh““u

ìe’p ‘Z X$p¡L$pC lp¡e. Apd AL$õdps¡ S> R> ‘„r¼s“y„ L$pìe

bpeap¡L$g L$pìe ’C Ney„.

Ap S> v$frdep“ “hp Ofdp„ Ad¡ “hy„ ar“®Qf

hkpìey„. v$uhp“Mp“y„ kÅìey„. M|b a¡$fa$pf ‘R>u ar“®Qf

bfpbf Np¡W$hpey„ R>¡ A¡d gpÁey„. ‘Z A¡ b^u kÅhV$

‘R>u A¡L$pA¡L$ d“dp„ Quk ‘X$u NC L¡$ Ap b^pdp„ lº„ ¼ep„?

Ap‘Zp NyS>fpsuAp¡ sp¡ S>¡ dþey„ R>¡ s¡dp„ k„sp¡j dp“u“¡

S>¡d ^ud¡ ^ud¡ Np¡W$hpC Åe R>¡ s¡d lº„ ¼epf¡e L$fu iL$u

“l]. dpfp¡ kss âñ lsp¡ "d“¡ ¼ep„ Np¡W$hy„?' A¡

l¥ephfpmdp„’u S>Þçey„ dpfy„ "v$uhp“Mp“pdp„' L$pìe. dpfp

L$pìep¡“u cpjp kph bp¡gQpg“u A“¡ L$pìep¡“p rhjep¡ ‘Z

fp¡S>-b-fp¡S>“p.

A¡L$ âk„N“u hps L$fhu R>¡ S>¡ l„d¡i dpV$¡ dpfp

rQÑdp„ S>X$pC Nep¡ R>¡. A¡ âk„N s¡ lº„ ‘l¡gu hpf

Ad¡qfL$p Aphu Ðepf“p¡. AY$pf L$gpL$“u dykpafu L$fu“¡ Þe|

ep¡L®$“p A¡f‘p¡V$® ‘f Esfu lsu. d¢ kpX$u ‘l¡fu lsu. L$p¡fp

L„$Ly$“p¡ gpg Qp„‰p¡ L$ep£ lsp¡. ‘pk‘p¡V$® ‘f rk½$p¡ dfphhp

gpC“dp„ Ecu lsu. dpfu ‘pR>m A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$“ bpmL$

A¡“u dp kp’¡ Ecy„ lsy„. A¡ V$uL$u V$uL$u“¡ dpfu kpd¡ Å¡ep

L$fsy„ lsy„. ’p¡X$u hpf ‘R>u A¡Z¡ A¡“u dp“¡ L$üy„, “Oh

mommy! See, see, her forehead is bleeding.” ‘fv$¡iu

lp¡hp“p¡, Ad¡qfL$“ cpfsue lp¡hp“p¡, Ap dpfp¡ â’d

A“ych lsp¡. Ap âk„N“¡ d¢ dpfp L„$Ly$ “pd“p L$pìedp„

hZu gu^p¡ R>¡. Aphp immigrant experiences“p„ A“¡

iê$Aps“p OfTyfp‘p“p„ L$pìep¡ d¢ g¿ep„ R>¡.

lº„ kss gMsu flu Ry>„. TpT¡ cpN¡ AR>p„v$k sp¡

¼epf¡L$ kp¡“¡V$p¡ ‘Z g¿ep„ R>¡. R>„v$p¡bÙ kp¡“¡V$“u kp’¡ NÛ

kp¡“¡V$ L¡$ dfpW$udp„ S>¡“¡ "ky“us' L$l¡hpe A¡hp âep¡Np¡ L$ep®.

hÃQ¡ A¡L$ A¡hp¡ sb½$p¡ Apìep¡ L¡$ ‘„r¼sAp¡ Nus“p¡ ge

gC“¡ Aphsu flu A“¡ Apd Nusp¡ ‘Z gMpep„ S>¡“p¡

Agpev$p¡ k„N°l "Aph“Åh“' ‘Z âNV$ ’ep¡.

L$rhsp gMsp„ gMsp„ A¡L$ “hu qv$ip ‘Z dmu.

L¡$V$gp„L$ rhjep¡“u hps A“¡ Arcìer¼s dpV$¡ L$rhsp“u L¡$X$u

“p“u ‘X$u A¡V$g¡ hpsp® sfa$ hmu A“¡ "ãg¡rdÞNp¡'

hpsp®k„N°l ’ep¡.

f„NTê$M¡ L$pìek„N°ldp„ v$uO® ArNepf L$pìep¡ R>¡.

A¡dp„ h¡v$“p’u âpf„c ’e¡gu L$rhsp L$p¡C rhõde“p rhðdp„

d“¡ gC Åe R>¡. Æh“ âÐe¡“p¡ S>¡ ArcNd R>¡ s¡ ‘Z

A¡dp„ âNV$ ’ep¡ R>¡. ArNepf¡ ArNepf L$pìep¡dp„ d|m hps

sp¡ Q¥sÞe“p âhpl“u R>¡. A¡“u ^udu ‘Z d½$d Nrs.

b^u S> A‘¡npAp¡ M„M¡fpC Nep ‘R>u d“ L$C fus¡ Ås“¡

A“¡ S>Ns“¡ gNcN kpnucph¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ A¡“p¡ L$v$pQ

“L$ip¡ dm¡.

AR>p„v$k L$pìep¡’u iê$ L$fu A¡ õhê$‘dp„ V$L$u fl¡“pf

A“¡ Aphp v$uO® L$pìep¡ ‘R>u lº„ lpCLy$“p Å‘p“uT õhê$‘

kS>®L$ “hp “hp õhê$‘ A‘“phsp¡ fl¡ R>¡. lº„ blº S>

kcp“ lsu L¡$ Ap õhê$‘ v$¡Mpe R>¡ A¡V$gy„ kfm “’u.

gp¡cpdÏ„ R>¡. g‘kÏ„ R>¡. A¡e Mbf L¡$ A¡ iåv$fds

“’u A“¡ “’u ‘p„Q, kps, A“¡ ‘p„Q Anfp¡“y„ Å¡X$L$Ï„.

lpCLy$dp„ kO“sp, KX$pZ, A“¡ rQÓpÐdL$sp gphhp A¡

dpf¡ dpV$¡ ‘X$L$pf lsp¡.

kpdpÞe fus¡ rhhQL$p¡“u spkuf lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ hpQL$p¡“¡

kl¡gy„ ‘X¡$ dpV$¡ L$p¡CL$ “¡ L$p¡CL$ Ap¡mMrQÌ$u L$rh“¡ L¡$

L$rhsp“¡ gNpX¡$. rhh¡QL$p¡A¡ dpfu L$rhsp A¡ confessional

poetry“p¡ âL$pf R>¡ A¡hy„ ‘Z L$üy„ R>¡. A¡dp„ “pfu k„h¡v$“p

A“¡ “pfuõhps„Ôe“¡ d¢ hpQp Ap‘u R>¡ A¡d ‘Z L$l¡hpey„

R>¡. S>¡d A¡L$ f„N“u Tp„e lp¡e s¡d Ap b^p„ spfZp¡“u ‘Z

rhrh^ Tp„e li¡ A¡d dp“y„ Ry>„.

lº„ NyS>fpsudp„ gMy„ Ry>„ ‘Z Ad¡qfL$pdp„ fl¡su gMsu

NyS>fpsu L$hreÓu Ry>„. dpfp S>¡hp rhv$¡iu NyS>fpsuAp¡ dpV$¡

NyS>fpsu cpjp Adpfu Ap¡mMpZ R>¡. ‘Z ApCf“u A¡ L¡$

S>¡ NyS>fpsu kS>®L$ R>¡ A¡ NyS>fpsu âÅ hÃQ¡ fp¡S>-b-

fp¡S> Æhsp¡ “’u. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ S>¡ âÅ dpV$¡ A¡ gM¡ R>¡ “¡ S>¡

hpQL$p¡ dpV$¡ kS>®“ L$fu füp¡ R>¡ s¡“p Æh„s õ‘i®’u v$|f R>¡.

v$¡i“u S>¡d Al] Of“u blpf ‘N d|L$uA¡ A¡V$g¡ i¡fu“u

^|m’u Adpfp ‘N MfX$psp “’u, bpmL$p¡“u L$pguO¡gu

cpjp k„cmpsu “’u, fkp¡X$p“u hpsQus“p¡ fZL$pf L$p“¡

‘X$sp¡ “’u, kyfsuAp¡“p lL$pf k„cmpsp “’u, kpdpÞe

gp¡L$p¡“p A¡L$buÅ kp’¡“p TOX$pAp¡“p¡-d¡Zp„V$p¡Zp„“p¡ AhpS>

k„cmpsp¡ “’u Ap Æh„s õ‘i®“p¡ Al] ‘fv$¡idp„ Acph

R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ âÅdp„, âÅ“u Arcìer¼sdp„, cpjpdp„,

bp¡gudp„, S>¡ L$p„C a¡$fa$pf ’C füp R>¡ s¡“p’u Ad¡ h¡Nmp

R>uA¡. Ad¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gu hpf v$¡i S>C AphuA¡ A’hp sp¡

‘fv$¡idp„ Äep„ fluA¡ R>uA¡ Ðep„ Nd¡ s¡V$gp„ NyS>fpsu

k„d¡g“p¡ ep¡ÆA¡ sp¡ ‘Z A¡ b^p’ue fp¡S>bfp¡S>“p¡,

Æhsp¡ÅNsp¡, âÅ A“¡ A¡“u cpjp“p¡ k„‘L®$ Ad“¡

dmhp“p¡ S> “’u. Ap lL$uL$s R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ flu“¡

NyS>fpsudp„ gMhy„ A¡ kpd¡ ‘|f¡ sfhp S>¡hy„ R>¡.

R>¡‰¡, dpfy„ Æh“ L$mp kp’¡ hZpe¡gy„ li¡ A¡“u d“¡

L$ë‘“p lsu. ‘Z lº„ L$rhsp gMui L¡$ dpfp ApV$gp

L$pìek„N°lp¡ ’i¡ A¡ hpõsrhL$sp A¡V$gu dp¡V$u gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$

A¡“y„ Apòe®, A¡“p¡ rhõde, A“¡ A¡“p¡ Ap“„v$ lÆ içep

“’u. dpfy„ Æh“ L¡$hm L$mp“p cphL$ sfuL¡$ “’u füy„ ‘Z

L$rhsp“y„ lº„ dpÝed b“u iL$u Ry>„ A¡“p¡ d“¡ Ap“„v$ R>¡.

d“¡ gC Åe R>¡. Æh“ âÐe¡“p¡ S>¡ ArcNd R>¡ s¡ ‘Z

A¡dp„ âNV$ ’ep¡ R>¡. ArNepf¡ ArNepf L$pìep¡dp„ d|m hps

sp¡ Q¥sÞe“p âhpl“u R>¡. A¡“u ^udu ‘Z d½$d Nrs.

b^u S> A‘¡npAp¡ M„M¡fpC Nep ‘R>u d“ L$C fus¡ Ås“¡

A“¡ S>Ns“¡ gNcN kpnucph¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ A¡“p¡ L$v$pQ

“L$ip¡ dm¡.

AR>p„v$k L$pìep¡’u iê$ L$fu A¡ õhê$‘dp„ V$L$u fl¡“pf

A“¡ Aphp v$uO® L$pìep¡ ‘R>u lº„ lpCLy$“p Å‘p“uT õhê$‘

kS>®L$ “hp “hp õhê$‘ A‘“phsp¡ fl¡ R>¡. lº„ blº S>

kcp“ lsu L¡$ Ap õhê$‘ v$¡Mpe R>¡ A¡V$gy„ kfm “’u.

gp¡cpdÏ„ R>¡. g‘kÏ„ R>¡. A¡e Mbf L¡$ A¡ iåv$fds

“’u A“¡ “’u ‘p„Q, kps, A“¡ ‘p„Q Anfp¡“y„ Å¡X$L$Ï„.

lpCLy$dp„ kO“sp, KX$pZ, A“¡ rQÓpÐdL$sp gphhp A¡

dpf¡ dpV$¡ ‘X$L$pf lsp¡.

kpdpÞe fus¡ rhhQL$p¡“u spkuf lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ hpQL$p¡“¡

kl¡gy„ ‘X¡$ dpV$¡ L$p¡CL$ “¡ L$p¡CL$ Ap¡mMrQÌ$u L$rh“¡ L¡$

L$rhsp“¡ gNpX¡$. rhh¡QL$p¡A¡ dpfu L$rhsp A¡ confessional

poetry“p¡ âL$pf R>¡ A¡hy„ ‘Z L$üy„ R>¡. A¡dp„ “pfu k„h¡v$“p

A“¡ “pfuõhps„Ôe“¡ d¢ hpQp Ap‘u R>¡ A¡d ‘Z L$l¡hpey„

R>¡. S>¡d A¡L$ f„N“u Tp„e lp¡e s¡d Ap b^p„ spfZp¡“u ‘Z

rhrh^ Tp„e li¡ A¡d dp“y„ Ry>„.

lº„ NyS>fpsudp„ gMy„ Ry>„ ‘Z Ad¡qfL$pdp„ fl¡su gMsu

NyS>fpsu L$hreÓu Ry>„. dpfp S>¡hp rhv$¡iu NyS>fpsuAp¡ dpV$¡

NyS>fpsu cpjp Adpfu Ap¡mMpZ R>¡. ‘Z ApCf“u A¡ L¡$

S>¡ NyS>fpsu kS>®L$ R>¡ A¡ NyS>fpsu âÅ hÃQ¡ fp¡S>-b-

fp¡S> Æhsp¡ “’u. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ S>¡ âÅ dpV$¡ A¡ gM¡ R>¡ “¡ S>¡

hpQL$p¡ dpV$¡ kS>®“ L$fu füp¡ R>¡ s¡“p Æh„s õ‘i®’u v$|f R>¡.

v$¡i“u S>¡d Al] Of“u blpf ‘N d|L$uA¡ A¡V$g¡ i¡fu“u

^|m’u Adpfp ‘N MfX$psp “’u, bpmL$p¡“u L$pguO¡gu

cpjp k„cmpsu “’u, fkp¡X$p“u hpsQus“p¡ fZL$pf L$p“¡

‘X$sp¡ “’u, kyfsuAp¡“p lL$pf k„cmpsp “’u, kpdpÞe

gp¡L$p¡“p A¡L$buÅ kp’¡“p TOX$pAp¡“p¡-d¡Zp„V$p¡Zp„“p¡ AhpS>

k„cmpsp¡ “’u Ap Æh„s õ‘i®“p¡ Al] ‘fv$¡idp„ Acph

R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ âÅdp„, âÅ“u Arcìer¼sdp„, cpjpdp„,

bp¡gudp„, S>¡ L$p„C a¡$fa$pf ’C füp R>¡ s¡“p’u Ad¡ h¡Nmp

R>uA¡. Ad¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gu hpf v$¡i S>C AphuA¡ A’hp sp¡

‘fv$¡idp„ Äep„ fluA¡ R>uA¡ Ðep„ Nd¡ s¡V$gp„ NyS>fpsu

k„d¡g“p¡ ep¡ÆA¡ sp¡ ‘Z A¡ b^p’ue fp¡S>bfp¡S>“p¡,

Æhsp¡ÅNsp¡, âÅ A“¡ A¡“u cpjp“p¡ k„‘L®$ Ad“¡

dmhp“p¡ S> “’u. Ap lL$uL$s R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ flu“¡

NyS>fpsudp„ gMhy„ A¡ kpd¡ ‘|f¡ sfhp S>¡hy„ R>¡.

R>¡‰¡, dpfy„ Æh“ L$mp kp’¡ hZpe¡gy„ li¡ A¡“u d“¡

L$ë‘“p lsu. ‘Z lº„ L$rhsp gMui L¡$ dpfp ApV$gp

L$pìek„N°lp¡ ’i¡ A¡ hpõsrhL$sp A¡V$gu dp¡V$u gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$

A¡“y„ Apòe®, A¡“p¡ rhõde, A“¡ A¡“p¡ Ap“„v$ lÆ içep

“’u. dpfy„ Æh“ L¡$hm L$mp“p cphL$ sfuL¡$ “’u füy„ ‘Z

L$rhsp“y„ lº„ dpÝed b“u iL$u Ry>„ A¡“p¡ d“¡ Ap“„v$ R>¡.

S>Þd: dy„bC, qX$k¡çbf 28, 1933

dpsp: fs“b¡“

r‘sp: ^ufS>gpg R>N“gpg dp¡v$u

gÁ“: r“Ly$g “peL$ kp’¡, 1960 (r“Ly$g “peL$“y„

Ahkp“ 2004)

Ad¡qfL$pNd“: 1960

A¡d.A¡. (kpD’ A¡rie“ õV$X$uT) eyr“hrk®V$u Ap¡a

‘¡[Þkgh¡“uep, qagpX¡$[ëaep, 1973

A¡d.A¡. (gpCb°¡fu kpeÞk) X²¡$ng eyr“hrk®V$u,

qagpX¡$[ëaep,1963

‘ßp “peL$: Æh“ Tfdf

dy„bC, 1956

dy„bC, 1954

‘pqfsp¡rjL$:

NyS>fpsu kprlÐe ‘qfjv$, Adv$phpv$ ("f„NTê$M¡'

L$pìek„N°l dpV¡$) 2008

Qy“ugpg h¡gÆ dl¡sp ‘pqfsp¡rjL$ (Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hksp

kS>®L$“¡) 2002

NyS>fps fpÄe â’d ‘pqfsp¡rjL$ ("âh¡i' L$pìek„N°l dpV¡$)

dpV¡$) 1954

dp¡l“gpg k|QL$ ‘pqfsp¡rjL$ (NyS>fpsudp„ KQp NyZp„L$

dpV¡$) 1952

ìehkpe:

NyS>fpsu cpjp“p âp¡a¡kf, eyr“hrk®V$u Ap¡a

‘¡[Þkgh¡“uAp, qagpX¡$[ëaep, 1985-2002

gpCb°¡fue“, h¡“ ‘¡ëV$ gpCb°¡fu, eyr“hrk®V$u Ap¡a

â’d L$pìe: õ“¡‘ip¡V$, 1971dp„ R>‘pey„, ("L$rhsp'

Ü¥dprkL$), dy„bC, 1972

S>Þd: dy„bC, qX$k¡çbf 28, 1933

dpsp: fs“b¡“

r‘sp: ^ufS>gpg R>N“gpg dp¡v$u

gÁ“: r“Ly$g “peL$ kp’¡, 1960 (r“Ly$g “peL$“y„

Ahkp“ 2004)

Ad¡qfL$pNd“: 1960

A¡d.A¡. (kpD’ A¡rie“ õV$X$uT) eyr“hrk®V$u Ap¡a

‘¡[Þkgh¡“uep, qagpX¡$[ëaep, 1973

A¡d.A¡. (gpCb°¡fu kpeÞk) X²¡$ng eyr“hrk®V$u,

qagpX¡$[ëaep,1963

‘ßp “peL$: Æh“ Tfdf

dy„bC, 1956

dy„bC, 1954

‘pqfsp¡rjL$:

NyS>fpsu kprlÐe ‘qfjv$, Adv$phpv$ ("f„NTê$M¡'

L$pìek„N°l dpV¡$) 2008

Qy“ugpg h¡gÆ dl¡sp ‘pqfsp¡rjL$ (Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hksp

kS>®L$“¡) 2002

NyS>fps fpÄe â’d ‘pqfsp¡rjL$ ("âh¡i' L$pìek„N°l dpV¡$)

dpV¡$) 1954

dp¡l“gpg k|QL$ ‘pqfsp¡rjL$ (NyS>fpsudp„ KQp NyZp„L$

dpV¡$) 1952

ìehkpe:

NyS>fpsu cpjp“p âp¡a¡kf, eyr“hrk®V$u Ap¡a

gpCb°¡fue“, h¡“ ‘¡ëV$ gpCb°¡fu, eyr“hrk®V$u Ap¡a

â’d L$pìe: õ“¡‘ip¡V$, 1971dp„ R>‘pey„, ("L$rhsp'

Ü¥dprkL$), dy„bC, 1972

L$pìek„N°lp¡:

brlóL$pf: ‘ßp “peL$“u Q|„V$¡gu L$rhsp“p dfpW$u

A“yhpv$. A“yhpv$L$pf: qv$gu‘ rh. rQÓ¡. dy„bC,

‘p¡àeygf âL$pi“, 2014

A„rsd¡ (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg., 2014)

Nygdlp¡f’u X¡$ap¡qX$ëk (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2012)

AÑf Anf, lpCLy$k„N°l (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2011)

rhv$¡ri“u: ‘Þ“p “peL$“p„ õhfbÙ Nusp¡“u Ap¡qX$ep¡

kuX$u (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg., 2009)

Q¡fu ågp¡kçk (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg.,

f„NTê$M¡ (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg., 2004)

rhv$¡ri“u: kdN° L$rhsp (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2000)

Aph“Åh“ (dy„bC, A¡k.A¡“.X$u.V$u. eyr“hrk®V$u,

L¡$V$gp„L$ L$pìep¡, k„‘pv$L$: kyf¡i v$gpg, âõsph“p: kyf¡i

v$gpg (Np„^u“Nf, NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du,

Afk‘fk (dy„bC, A¡k.A¡“.X$u.V$u. eyr“hrk®V$u, 1989)

r“õbs (dy„bC, rdrlL$p ‘[ågL¡$iÞk, 1984) ""Ap R>¡

‘Þ“pbl¡“!'' âõsph“p: îu rhóÏLy$dpf f. rÓh¡v$u

L$pìeL$p¡qX$ep„ ‘Þ“p “peL$“p„ Q|„V¡$gp„ L$pìep¡, k„‘pv$L$: kyf¡i

v$gpg (cph“Nf, gp¡L$rdgp‘ V²$õV$, 1981)

qagpX¡$[ëaep (dy„bC, A¡“.A¡d.rÓ‘pW$u âpCh¡V$ rgrdV¡$X$,

âh¡i (Adv$phpv$, hp¡fp A¡ÞX$ L„$‘“u, 1975) "âh¡i“u

L$rhsp': âõsph“p, “rg“ fphm; afterword: P.

Sreenivasa Rao

Translations into English

"Debt" and "Ceiling" in World Literature Today (v.854 no.1, January-February 2011, p. 113)

"Snapshot" in Interior Decoration: poems by 54 women from 10 languages (Women Unlimited, 2010, p.163)

"Ilegal alien" in Living in America: poetry and fiction by South Asian writers (Westview Press, 1995, p.57)

"A poem kicking" in World Literature Today (v.8, no.2, Spring 1994, p.243)

"Seed" and "Talk" In Their Own Voice: the Penguin anthology of contemporary Indian women poets (1993, p.155-156)

"Billi" and "Shishu" in Women Writing In India: 600 B.C. to present (v.2, 1993, p.379-382)

"Us" in Manushi, a journal about women and society (no.71, July-August 1992, p.13)

"Mother" in Massachusetts Review (Spring 1989, p.701-702)

L$pìek„N°lp¡:

brlóL$pf: ‘ßp “peL$“u Q|„V$¡gu L$rhsp“p dfpW$u

A“yhpv$. A“yhpv$L$pf: qv$gu‘ rh. rQÓ¡. dy„bC,

‘p¡àeygf âL$pi“, 2014

A„rsd¡ (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg., 2014)

Nygdlp¡f’u X¡$ap¡qX$ëk (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2012)

AÑf Anf, lpCLy$k„N°l (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2011)

rhv$¡ri“u: ‘Þ“p “peL$“p„ õhfbÙ Nusp¡“u Ap¡qX$ep¡

kuX$u (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg., 2009)

Q¡fu ågp¡kçk (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg.,

f„NTê$M¡ (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk âp.rg., 2004)

rhv$¡ri“u: kdN° L$rhsp (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2000)

Aph“Åh“ (dy„bC, A¡k.A¡“.X$u.V$u. eyr“hrk®V$u,

L¡$V$gp„L$ L$pìep¡, k„‘pv$L$: kyf¡i v$gpg, âõsph“p: kyf¡i

v$gpg (Np„^u“Nf, NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du,

Afk‘fk (dy„bC, A¡k.A¡“.X$u.V$u. eyr“hrk®V$u, 1989)

r“õbs (dy„bC, rdrlL$p ‘[ågL¡$iÞk, 1984) ""Ap R>¡

‘Þ“pbl¡“!'' âõsph“p: îu rhóÏLy$dpf f. rÓh¡v$u

L$pìeL$p¡qX$ep„ ‘Þ“p “peL$“p„ Q|„V¡$gp„ L$pìep¡, k„‘pv$L$: kyf¡i

v$gpg (cph“Nf, gp¡L$rdgp‘ V²$õV$, 1981)

qagpX¡$[ëaep (dy„bC, A¡“.A¡d.rÓ‘pW$u âpCh¡V$ rgrdV¡$X$,

âh¡i (Adv$phpv$, hp¡fp A¡ÞX$ L„$‘“u, 1975) "âh¡i“u

L$rhsp': âõsph“p, “rg“ fphm; afterword: P.

Sreenivasa Rao

"Debt" and "Ceiling" in World Literature Today (v.854 no.1, January-February 2011, p. 113)

"Snapshot" in Interior Decoration: poems by 54 women from 10 languages (Women Unlimited, 2010, p.163)

"Ilegal alien" in Living in America: poetry and fiction by South Asian writers (Westview Press, 1995, p.57)

"A poem kicking" in World Literature Today (v.8, no.2, Spring 1994, p.243)

"Seed" and "Talk" In Their Own Voice: the Penguin anthology of contemporary Indian women poets (1993, p.155-156)

"Billi" and "Shishu" in Women Writing In India: 600 B.C. to present (v.2, 1993, p.379-382)

"Us" in Manushi, a journal about women and society (no.71, July-August 1992, p.13)

"Mother" in Massachusetts Review (Spring 1989, p.701-702)

"Homesickness" in Poetry India (1989, p. 21-22)

"My Body" in Prateechi a literary digest of West Indian Languages, 1987 (1992, p.19)

"Fourteen Poems" in Journal of South Asian Literature (v.21, #1, 1986, p.61-67)

(v.17, #2, 1982, p.187-193)

(v.104 #1, 1974, p.51-53)

"Still Life", "Talk", "Time", and "The living room" in Chandrabhaga (Winter) 1982, #8, p.40-41)

â’d hpsp®: ãg¡rdÞNp¡ (NÛ‘h®, 1995)

‘ßp “peL$“y„ X$peõ‘p¡fp kprlÐerhð k„‘pv$L$: bmh„s

Å“u. Adv$phpv$, ‘pð® ‘[ågL¡$i“, 2012

‘Þ“p “peL$“p¡ hpsp®gp¡L$ k„‘pv$L$: drZgpg l. ‘V¡$g

(Adv$phpv$, qX$hpC“ ‘[ågL¡$iÞk, 2010)

ãg¡rdÞNp¡: (dpfu râe hpsp®, k„‘pv$L$: ATuT V„$L$pfhu

(Apv$phpv$, Apf.Apf.i¡W$“u L„$‘“u, 2004)

L$’p “rg“cpC“u (NyS>fpsu “hrgL$pQe“ 2000,

k„‘pv$“: ifuap huS>muhpmp)

¼eyqV$‘ (NyS>fpsu “hrgL$pQe“ 1997, k„‘pv$“: fhuÞÖ

‘pf¡M)

X$peõ‘p¡fp A“¡ ‘ßp “peL$“u L$rhsp k„‘pv$L$: “|s“

Å“u. dy„bC, îu “p.v$p.W$p. drlgp rhÛp‘uW$,

EX$u Nep¡ l„k (1996“u î¡›$ hpsp®Ap¡, k„‘pv$“:

drZgpg l. ‘V¡$g)

ãg¡rdÞNp¡ hpsp®k„N°l: (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2003)

"The Turning" (hmp„L$) in Speech and Silence -

literary journeys by Gujarati women translated by Rita Kothari (New Delhi, Zubaan 2006)

"Lady with a dot" (g¡X$u rh’ A X$p¡V$) in Kala Arts

Quarterly, Toronto, Canada, 2002

"Polotical Engagement" (EX$u Nep¡ l„k) in

Odyssey - an anthology of short stories written by Indian women writers settled abroad, London, Nehru Center, 1998

Articles in English:

"The Outsider - Muslim in Gujarati Literature": a paper presented at the seminar entitled Violence in Gujarat: 2002-2004, arranged by Association for Asian Studies (Michigan) in March 2004 at San Diego, California.

"Homesickness" in Poetry India (1989, p. 21-22)

"My Body" in Prateechi a literary digest of West Indian Languages, 1987 (1992, p.19)

"Fourteen Poems" in Journal of South Asian Literature (v.21, #1, 1986, p.61-67)

(v.17, #2, 1982, p.187-193)

(v.104 #1, 1974, p.51-53)

"Still Life", "Talk", "Time", and "The living room" in Chandrabhaga (Winter) 1982, #8, p.40-41)

â’d hpsp®: ãg¡rdÞNp¡ (NÛ‘h®, 1995)

‘ßp “peL$“y„ X$peõ‘p¡fp kprlÐerhð k„‘pv$L$: bmh„s

Å“u. Adv$phpv$, ‘pð® ‘[ågL¡$i“, 2012

‘Þ“p “peL$“p¡ hpsp®gp¡L$ k„‘pv$L$: drZgpg l. ‘V¡$g

(Adv$phpv$, qX$hpC“ ‘[ågL¡$iÞk, 2010)

ãg¡rdÞNp¡: (dpfu râe hpsp®, k„‘pv$L$: ATuT V„$L$pfhu

(Apv$phpv$, Apf.Apf.i¡W$“u L„$‘“u, 2004)

L$’p “rg“cpC“u (NyS>fpsu “hrgL$pQe“ 2000,

k„‘pv$“: ifuap huS>muhpmp)

¼eyqV$‘ (NyS>fpsu “hrgL$pQe“ 1997, k„‘pv$“: fhuÞÖ

‘pf¡M)

X$peõ‘p¡fp A“¡ ‘ßp “peL$“u L$rhsp k„‘pv$L$: “|s“

Å“u. dy„bC, îu “p.v$p.W$p. drlgp rhÛp‘uW$,

EX$u Nep¡ l„k (1996“u î¡›$ hpsp®Ap¡, k„‘pv$“:

drZgpg l. ‘V¡$g)

ãg¡rdÞNp¡ hpsp®k„N°l: (dy„bC, Cd¡S> ‘[ågL¡$iÞk

âp.rg., 2003)

"The Turning" (hmp„L$) in Speech and Silence -

literary journeys by Gujarati women translated by Rita Kothari (New Delhi, Zubaan 2006)

"Lady with a dot" (g¡X$u rh’ A X$p¡V$) in Kala Arts

Quarterly, Toronto, Canada, 2002

"Polotical Engagement" (EX$u Nep¡ l„k) in

Odyssey - an anthology of short stories written by Indian women writers settled abroad, London, Nehru Center, 1998

Articles in English:

"The Outsider - Muslim in Gujarati Literature": a paper presented at the seminar entitled Violence in Gujarat: 2002-2004, arranged by Association for Asian Studies (Michigan) in March 2004 at San Diego, California.

"Umashankar Joshi: A search for Synthesis" in Journal of South Asian Literature, v.9, #1, Spring 1973, pp. 79-110. The Journal also includes Umashankar Joshi's selected poems in translation

"Aspects of Socialist Realist Verst of Sundaram and Umashankar Joshi" in Marxist Influences and South Asian Literature, ed. by Carlo Coppola, Michigan State University, South Asia Series, Occasional Papers, #23, v.1, 1974, pp. 147-157

iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “pel$ · 2018. 4. 2. · iåv$“u ip¡^dp„: ‘ßp “pel$...

Documents