ivl activities in support of international air pollution policies john munthe ivl swedish...
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IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Presentation outline Short IVL presentation
The LRTAP convention
Examples of national reporting performed by IVL:- Emissions inventories and projections- Monitoring (EMEP)- Critical Loads - NFC
Examples of other research and monitoring activities in support of international air pollution policies:The ASTA and SCARP programmes, transport research.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
IVL is an independent research body focused on the development of solutions to environmental problems on behalf of the business sector and society.
IVL is a limited company owned by the Foundation for the Swedish Environmental Research Institute (SIVL).
Government and industry are represented with an equal number of board members in the SIVL Board and in the IVL Company Board.
IVL has around 170 employees.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
The Convention on long range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP)
Convention signed in 1979 mainly as a result of research leading to the discovery of transboundary air pollution as a main cause of acidification in Scandinavia
The aim of the Convention is to limit long-range transboundary air pollution. Parties develop policies and strategies to combat the discharge of air pollutants through exchanges of information, consultation, research and monitoring
The Convention has been extended by eight protocols that identify specific measures to be taken by Parties to cut their emissions of air pollutants.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
The CLRTAP protocols
The 1984 – Long term financing of EMEP (monitoring, modelling, data collection and assessment)
The 1985 – Reduction of sulphur emissions by 30%
The 1988 – Control of Nitrogen oxides
The 1991 – Volatile Organic Compounds
The 1994 – Futher reduction of sulphur emissions
The 1998 – Heavy metals
The 1998 - Persistent Organic Pollutants
The 1999 – Acidification, eutrophication and ozone
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
CLRTAP organisation
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Examples of IVL contributions to CLRTAP
Emission inventories
GAINS modelling
Monitoring data
Critical loads
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Swedish Methodology for Environmental Data - The SMED Consortium Was established in 2000. Consists of four independent organizations. Four programme areas: Air, Water, Waste, Hazardous
Substances. Has performed the National Greenhouse Gas and Air Emission
Inventories since 2000. Since 2006, a long-term framework agreement with the
Swedish EPA to compile data and documentation for national and international environmental reporting.
Has an overall quality system in addition to separate systems for each organization, and specific quality manuals for the programme areas.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
SMEDSwedish Methodology for Environmental Data
SMHISwedish
Meteorological and Hydrological
Institute
Tools for QC, geographical
distribution, normal year correction
IVLSwedish
Environmental Research Institute
SCBStatistics Sweden
Industrial processes, Solvent and other product
use
Energy, Agriculture, Waste
SLUSwedish University
of Agricultural Sciences
Land use, land use change and forestry
Main responsibilities, Air
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
GuidelinesGuidelines
Product Register
KemI
Product Register
KemI
National statistics
National statistics
Nationalauthorities
Nationalauthorities
Environmental reports,
individual facilities
Environmental reports,
individual facilities
Trade associations,
experts
Trade associations,
experts
CalculationsModels
Compilation
CalculationsModels
Compilation
EmissionsActivity dataEmission factors
Activity dataEmission factors
EmissionsActivity dataEmission factors
Emission factorsMethodology
Activity data
Activity data
Data
sou
rces
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Annual Process of Air Inventory Preparation
Data collection
Data processing
Compilation (reporting tables, inventory reports) SMED internal audit
Submission to the Swedish EPA
National independent review, corrections, suggestions for improvements
Swedish EPA submits to the Ministry of Environment
MoE submits to Conventions and EU
International review, suggestions for improvements
Impro
vem
ents
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Emission trends of SO2 in Sweden
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Gg
SO
2
SO2 Total
Energy
Industrial processes
Transport
Waste
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Gg
NO
x
NOx total
Transport
Energy
Industrial processes
Waste
Emission trends of NOx in Sweden
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Monitoring of air pollution for EMEP
Abisko
Ammarnäs
Aneboda
Aspv reten
Bredkälen
Djursvallen,Ne dre
Docksta
Granan
Kindlahöjden
Jädraå s
Norra Kvill
Pålkem
Rickleå
Sandnä se t
Sännen
Sjöänge n
Svarte da len
Tandöva la
Tyresta
Vavihill
Grimsö
Råö
Esrange
Ga mmtra tten
Vind eln
Hobu rgenMajstre
Ryda K ungsgård
Gå rdsjön
IMLuft- och nederbördskemiska nätetEMEP & Luft- och nederbördskemiska nätetEMEP
IVL is responsible for most of the EMEP monitoring in Sweden, under contract to the Swedish EPA.
Rural background measurements are made at eight monitoring stations across the country.
The monitoring network measures sulphur and nitrogen compounds, mercury and other heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in air and precipitation.
Ozone and particles are measured in air and base cations in precipitation.
Through IVL, Sweden has unbroken air quality data for some parameters for more than 30 years.
Also monitoring activites for reporting to ICP Forest, ICP Integrated Monitoring
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005
SO
2-S
(µ
g m
-3)
AnebodaBredkälenDjursvallen nedreDockstaGammtrattenGrananGårdsjönHoburgenJädraåsKindlahöjdenPålkemRickleåRörvik/RåöSjöängenSännenVavihill
Yearly means of SO2-S in rural background air in Sweden
1978-2005
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Regional throughfall monitoring network
Wet deposition Dry deposition
open field
air concentration
ground water
soil e
ffects
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Sulphur deposition in forests
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Critical loads
Sweden and IVL were closely involved in the development of the critical loads concepts 20 years ago.
The Swedish National Focal Centre for critical loads modelling and mapping activities is based at IVL.
It is responsible for co-ordinating the critical loads mapping activities in Sweden and compiling national critical loads datasets and maps from data supplied by Swedish experts.
Sweden and IVL have taken strong action in developing critical loads to include dynamic aspects.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Research in support of the Convention and other international initiatives
The ASTA programme -International and National Abatement Strategies for Transboundary Air Pollution1999 – 2002 (IVL in cooperation with several Swedish Universities)
SCARP – Swedish Clean Air Research Programme, 2006-2009 (2010 - 2012) (IVL in cooperation with several Swedish Universities)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Main research topics in SCARP (and ASTA)
Dynamic modelling of acidification and recovery in forest soils and lakes – development of new concepts for critical loads for acidification
Nitrogen impacts on plant species diversity – development of new concepts for critical loads for nitrogen deposition.
Particles – mechanisms for formation of secondary particles – implementation of process descriptions ion atmospheric models
Ozone effects on vegetation – development and aplication of flux based effect criteria (ASTA)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Main research topics in SCARP (and ASTA)
Development of national version of Integrated assessment mode GAINS – also cooperation with Russia, Ukraine and Belarus
Economic valuation of air pollution impacts
Non technical measures (behavioural changes)
Human health impacts of air pollution - health effects related to short- and long term exposure to air pollution with emphasis on exposure to particles from road traffic, local wood burning and long range transport (SCARP)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Key activities within the transport sector
Implementation and evaluation of road transport emission models (European models ARTEMIS, Handbook of Emissions Factors, COPERT)
Development of user-friendly tools to assess environmental and climate impact from transports
Close collaboration with NTM – Network for Transport and the Environment (http://www.ntm.a.se/)
Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM)
Real-world (on-road and onboard) emission measurements
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
On-Road Emission Measurements by Optical Remote Sensing
FEAT (Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test)FEAT (Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test)
NO, HC, PM, CO2
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Urban monitoring and dispersion modelling
Diffusive samplers for mapping air pollutant concentrations
0
10
20
30
40
Älmhult Göteborg Karlstad StockholmÖstersund Lycksele
µg/m3
Nonane O-xylene MP-xylene EtylbenzeneButylacetate Octane Toluene Benzene
80*15*
150*700*
60*
15*
* 1000 inhabitants
VOC in Swedish cities
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Dispersion modelling – wood burning
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Other activities at IVL....
Assessment of Best available technology and technology standards
Cost efficiency och control measures
Policy evaluation including economic instruments
Expert advice on emissions, dispersion and impacts of Hg, POPs
Expert advice on urban air quality
Shipping emissions
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies John Munthe. March 31, 2009
More information...
www.ivl.se
www.scarp.se