iwtc2008 grainne kirwan internet pyschology
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Presentation on Internet Psychology by Dr Grainne Kirwan (IADT) at the Irish Web Technology Conference - 26th - 29th February 2008TRANSCRIPT
Internet Psychology
Dr. Gráinne KirwanProgramme Coordinator, MSc in CyberpsychologyDun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technologywww.iadt.ie
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
What is Internet Psychology?
All psychological phenomena that are associated with or impacted by Internet usage
Study of the human mind and behaviour in the context of the Internet
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
Social Psychology of the Internet
Investigates how people interact with others online
For example: online personae and masks group dynamics inter-group conflict and co-operation aggression interpersonal attraction
Masks and Online Personae• ‘Young, tall, agile, long blonde hair and deep
brown eyes, long legs, considered very good looking’
• ‘On the Internet, no-one knows if you’re a dog’
Caspi & Gorsky (2006) While most users believe that online deception is very
widespread, only about one-third of them reported engaging in online deception
Frequent users deceive online more than infrequent users
Young users deceive more than older ones Competent users deceive more than non-competent The most common motivations to deceive online
were: Play Privacy concerns
Attraction• online relationships are
becoming more common with less stigma
• three principal activities– those that remain online only,
people never meet– those that progress to meeting
in real life– cybersex
relationships that start online put more emphasis on personality rather than physical appearance
Mileham (2003) Virtually all participants in a study reported
developing physical attraction to their virtual partners although they never saw them in person
Mileham (2003) quotes the following statement by a 46 year old married man:
“I’ve been chatting with a girl, the most unbelievable person I’ve ever met. I mean, this girl is tall and has short brown hair – which happens to be my favourite hairstyle. On top of that, she has the biggest blue eyes you can ever find. I haven’t really seen a picture, but she described it in fine detail… Now, on top of all that, she’s smart and she’s getting a PhD. Not to mention the talks we have, very charismatic, sexy. Wow… my wife has become such a faint presence.”
(Mileham, 2003, p. 71)
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
Consumer Cyberpsychology• Cyberpsychologists try to discover what makes
people more likely to spend money
Cho, Kang and Cheon (2006) examined consumer hesitation online, and found three main types Overall hesitation Shopping cart abandonment Hesitation in the final payment stage
Different reasons were given for hesitation at each of these stages
Guidelines for Building Consumer Trust Online (Koufaris, 2005)“Make the Website experience appealing”
Browsing and shopping should be fun and efficient Add product information, reviews and recommendations
“Customise” Consumers can customise their products; or Provide a customised interface for registered customers
“Provide Security Assurances” Make the security measures of your website clear and
understandable
• Customer Loyalty Online (Shankar, Smith & Rangaswamy, 2002)– Tends to be higher than offline– Price sensitivity may be lower online– Less customer effort required
(bookmarks)• Online shopping is more likely to be carried
out by the money-rich, time-poor – Lower positive or negative
disconfirmation of expectations, due to the increased information available to the consumer prior to purchase
• Brand names may have higher impact online
• But design of website is of utmost importance– Perceived human contact (or lack
thereof)– Additional relevant information– Customer reviews– Interactivity (e.g. searches, customer
feedback)
• Other research has focused on the efficiency of various forms of advertising, and on which types of businesses tend to do best online
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
Clinical Cyberpsychology• Increased addictions (e.g. World of
Warcraft)
Cyberpsychologists work to discover what makes people more likely to experience these addictions, and how best to treat them
These addictions share many of the negative aspects of substance addiction, and can lead to many of the same consequences, such as failing school, problems at work, and family and relationship problems (Ng & Wiemer-Hastings, 2005)
• however, the Internet is also being used to help people– online therapies
– individual or group
Advantages… Cheaper for the client May feel more able to open up Time management
Concerns… valuable information (such as body
language and tone of voice) are lost the therapist may not be able to verify the
identity of the client, and vice versa Who the psychologist accountable to?
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
Forensic Cyberpsychology
New concerns include: Online child pornography Internet grooming of children Hackers / crackers Phishing / pharming Computer viruses Identity theft
• Kirwan (2006)– Psychology of
computer hackers• Reduced skills
in maintaining interpersonal relationships
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
Psychological Applications of AI• AI is an increasingly important
component in many games and other software programmes
• ‘George’ a British chatbot, won the 2005 Loebner prize for holding the most convincingly human-like conversation– created by Rollo Carpenter
• ‘Joan’ won in 2006
http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediaselector/check/player/nol/newsid_5300000/newsid_5303700?redirect=5303754.stm&news=1&bbwm=1&nbwm=1&nbram=1&bbram=1
http://www.jabberwacky.com/
•‘UltraHal Assistant’ by Zabaware Inc. won in 2007 (21st Oct)•Windows based•Speech recognition•Variety of characters
•remember and remind users of appointments, •remember and dial phone numbers, •remember emails, •remember addresses, •calculate math problems written in natural language,• run programs on command, •open web pages,• give definitions of words, • start internet searches.
‘Sample’ ChatUser:Hello Hal
Hal:Good afternoon, User. Is it time for afternoon coffee?
User:I drink coffee in the morning
Hal:In the morning, I am not worth a darn until my first cup of coffee.
User:Same here
Hal:Really; should I know more about this?
User:Not really, what's the weather like?
Hal:Here is your local weather.
User: Thank you, Hal.
Hal:The pleasure is all mine.
User:I have a doctor's appointment tomorrow at noon.
Hal:You have a doctor's appointment on June 14, 2003 at 12:00 pm. I will remind you when this time is near.
User:Our anniversary is on October 14.
Hal:Your anniversary is on October 14, 2003. I will remind you when this time is near. I will repeat this event annually.
User:Rob's phone number is 833-1019.
Hal:I wrote this person's phone number is my phone book.
User:Call Rob.
Hal:I am now contacting Rob at office at 8331019. The phone is ringing. Please pick up your phone to talk to Rob.
User:Open word.
Hal:I will now open the program "Microsoft Word"
User:Help me research World War 2.
Hal:I will help you research this topic on the Internet.
User:Rob's email address is [email protected]
Hal:I have learned Rob's email address. If you ask me to email this person, I will automatically start your favorite email program and write in the address for you.
User:What is five times ten plus six?
Hal:That's easy. The answer is 56 (5*10+6=56)
User:2*(5+COS(60)/SIN(30))+3
Hal:Math is easy for me. The answer is fifteen (2*(5+cos(60)/sin(30))+3=14.9278997902311)
User:Wow! You are smart!
Hal:Thank you; I think you are very smart also.
My chat with HalHal: Good afternoon Grainne
Grainne: Good Afternoon Hal. How are you today?
Hal: How are you today? I feel great. I am ok. How about you?
Grainne: I'm fine. I've read about how great you are and thought I'd take a look
Hal: That's good. Thank you, I think you are great also.
Grainne: Its like a mutual admiration society here
Hal: What kind of cheese do I smell like-and it better not be head cheese!
Grainne: Uh, I don't know. I can't smell you. Edam?
Hal: Don't you really know? Would you like it if we both can't smell each other?
Grainne: This conversation is going somewhere I don't want to go...
Hal: Oh, okay.
Grainne: So are you as great as your company says?
Hal: You are more great than me.
Grainne: I never suggested otherwise
Hal: Really? That's nice.
Grainne: So tell me something interesting.
Hal: Can you tell me what the something is?
Grainne: No, you're supposed to tell me
Hal: I think you are supposed to tell you also.
Grainne: Hmm, you seem a bit confused. I think I'll stick to my filofax for a bit longer
Hal: A bit is an element of a byte. Why must you stick to your filofax for a bit longer?
Grainne: Okay, you're a byte confused then
Hal: Okay then
“Ultra Hal Assistant can chat about anything you want. Ultra Hal Assistant has a huge conversational database so Hal will never get boring. Ultra Hal also has the ability to learn. Ultra Hal will learn from every sentence that you say, and after a while of chatting Hal will develop a similar personality to yours.”
http://www.zabaware.com/assistant/
http://www.zabaware.com/webhal/index.html
Commerical Web Applications of AI
http://www.aiperson.com/georgeb
http://www.aiperson.com/aic
John Suler - Will AI will be capable of producing a chatbot which could act as a therapist?
Should the client know that they are interacting with a computerised therapist? If they are aware it’s a computer, then they are
less likely to have unreasonable expectations from it
Discovering late in the therapeutic process that your therapist is a computer could have very damaging consequences for the client
But if the client knows that they’re dealing with a computer they may take the therapy less seriously
Agenda What is Internet Psychology? Social Psychology of the Internet Consumer Cyberpsychology Clinical Cyberpsychology Forensic Cyberpsychology Psychological Applications of Artificial Intelligence MSc in Cyberpsychology
MSc in Cyberpsychology Entry Requirements
A Second Class Honours (2.2) or higher in a Primary Honours Degree
A good knowledge of computers Duration
2 years Part-time
Deadline 4pm, Friday 9th May 2008 Application forms available from www.iadt.ie
Modules Social Psychology of the Internet Computer Mediated communication Internet Research Methods Consumer Cyberpsychology Human-Computer Interaction Applied Cyberpsychology
Incorporating clinical, forensic, educational, etc Psychology of Virtual Reality and Artificial
Intelligence Research Project
IWTC 2008 | Session XXXX iwtc.firstport.ie
Summary
What is Internet Psychology Main research areas in Internet Psychology, with particular focus on Consumer Cyberpsychology MSc in Cyberpsychology
IWTC 2008 | Session XXXX iwtc.firstport.ie
For More Information
Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology www.iadt.ie
Centre for Creative Technologies and Applications http://ccta.iadt.ie/ccta/aboutiadt.php
Oxford Internet Institute http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/
John Suler’s ‘Psychology of Cyberspace’ http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/psycyber.html
Joinson, A.N., McKenna, K.Y.A., Postmes, T., and Reips, U-R. (2007). Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gackenbach, J. (2005). Psychology and the Internet, Intrapersonal, interpersonal and transpersonal implications. (2nd ed.) San Diego,CA: Academic Press.
Q&A• Dr. Gráinne Kirwan• [email protected]
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