j. boardman - athenian red figure vases-the classical period

8/13/2019 J. Boardman - Athenian Red Figure Vases-The Classical Period

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JohnBoardman ATHENIANRED FIGURE VASESTHE CLASSICALPERIOD

Thames a Hudson world of art


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JOHN BOARDMANATHENlAN

RED FIGURE VASESTHE CLASSICALPERIODa handbook


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONEARLY CLASSICAL

CLASSICAL

WHITE GROUND AND LEKYTHOILATEII CLASSICAL I

I,ATER CLASSICAL II

Any copy ofthis book issued by the publisher asr p,perbrk i' .old .ubject (o rh. condirion Lhrr rtshall not by way of r:de or otheMise be lent,resotd.hired out or otheMise circulated withoutthe pubtisher's prior consent in any form ofbinding or cover other than rhat in which it jspublished md without a similar conditioniocluding rhese words beins inposed on asubsequent purchiserFirstpublished in the United Kingdom in I989byThames & Hudson Ltd, IsIA High Holborn,w\rw.thamesrndhudson.comO r98gThrmes & Hudson Lrd,LondonReprinted 2oorAll Rights Reserved.No part ofthis publicrtionmaybe reproduced or tnnsmitted in any form orby any nleans. electroDic or mechanical, includingphotocopy, recording or any other inlormationstorage and retrieval systen without priorpermission in writing from rhe publisher.rstsN o-Joo-2o244-3Printed and bound in Sinsapore by C.S.Gnphics

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THE SCENESSCENES oF REALTTYliveryday life; Fighting; Work and play, public andprivatc; l{eligionSCENtrS OI MYTH'flrc Gods; Big figlits; Hcraklcs; Thcscus; Thc TrojanOyclc; Othcr herocs and cycles; Othcr figurcs

'f ECHNIQUES, PRODUCTION AND MA}IKETINGSI IAPES AND USES

t29

r90

2t72r8

23r

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AbbreviationsNote s and bibliographiesList of illustrationsIndcx oJ artists and grou1tsI dex of mythologitul stbjccttGueral index

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Chapter One

INTRODUCTION

llrrs volunrc is thc successor to Athenidn Red Figure Vases: The Arthaic Petiodq,lT5l hcrcabbrcviatcdlRFHI) anditcarriesthesurveyofAtheniandecoratedl,(ilt.ry down to thc time when painters finally abandoned thc rcd figurcr, , lrrrrqr-re, during the second halfofthc fourth ccntury BC. A comparable study, , i r lr t carlicr, black figure vases appexrcd in ry1 4 (ABFLI1, and, Dalc Trendall hasr, , , ntly publishcd a companion volumc on South Italian red figure (RFSIS). Inrlr, t lrlicr handbooks some attention was givcn to qucstions oftcchnique but itl,.r\ sccrl)ccl appropriatc to dcvotc a sepaiate chapter to it here. The wordI I rssical' suffcrs a grcat variety ofmeanings. In this ritle it means simply post-Arrh;ric, through thc fourth ccntury; in Chaptcr Thrcc it is rest cted tpIt( .r/ley's usc of 'Classic' which means roughly thc pcriod of the Parthenon.I'lrc gcncral schcnrc follows that of the other volumes, dictated by thc,r , r cssivc groups formcd by thc works ofirrdividual paintcrs and workshops, asrlr, y hrvc bccn dcfincd by SirJohn Bcazlcy in his grcat books, which form the, , 'r nerstoncs of all studies of Athenialr red figure. [n the early editions of hisl,,,,rks which listcd rcd figurc paintcrs, in r92J and r94u, Bcazlcy had stopped.l)r)rt ofthe fourth century, 1 n omission he made good in 1963, but withoutl)( \t()wing upon thc latcr vascs quitc thc samc lovilg detail that he had on the, .r r lrcr: undcrstandably, since the quality is generally lowcr, thoughBcazlcy wasr,,, clitist and hc is fullcr in classifying thc worst ofthe fourth century than the1,, st, for much ofwhich he would (he explailed) haverequircd a closcr study ofrlr, lrrtcr vascs in Lcningrad than hc had becn able to give them.Wc start with works ofhigh quality, and standards are generally maintainedl,y ()mc paintcrs to thc cnd of thc fifth celtury. Thereafter there is still goodrr,,r k to bc found, but in decreasini proportion although thcrc is a divcrsity of,r rl, jccr mattcr which is highly informative about myth and cult, wholly Athens-,,rrrrcd. An important element is the 'Kerch style', reprcscntcd by rathcrli.rrrrboyant vascs which sccm to indicate a new phase ofactivity in the Adlensl,( )ttcrs' quarter. It is debatable, however, whether it is a new phasc rathcr than arL \urgcncc of intcrcst in stylcs ncvcr rcally abandoncd. The tcrm has perhaps,,Lrr livcd its uscfulncss, and ncw studics should bc ablc to dcmonstratc continuityrrr,rrc clcarly.'Iir the er,d, Athenian red figure remained virtually thc only figurc-dccoratcdl)()ftcry in the Greek homeland. Some other parts of Grcccc paid it the

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.omplinlcnr ofinritation, irr .l hurnblc rvay: rordr Clrcccc, llocotia, Corinrh,Sprrrr. Irs appcll ovcrscls was r.urdir)rirrisl)ccl, and inclccd its markcts qrcw,rlclibcrltcly or cilsullly. Its clcclinc in qualiry and rhis is nor lr alroscthcrsutrjcctivcjudgcnrcrlt. as a qlxrlcc throLlirh drt- pictrrrcs irr rhis book shoulcl showh:rs ro bc cxplairrcci irr othcr wxys. In rhc ArcLaic pcriod the rlrawing stylcsprictisccl on potlcry wcrc ls flnc us iD urly other nrcdiunr known ro us, a|d wcnrry lcgitinr:rtcly essunrt: that thc best xrtists cnjoycLl e conlpctcncc also in othcrnrcdi:r ofpairrrint which hevc not survivcd, :urcl pcrhlps rr othcr lrts- Btrr in dtctirst halfofthc lilih ccrtury ncrv scylcs of 'rndor plintirlil' wcrc irrrroduccd.'Ihosc rtssociltcd u,irh thr'uanrc ofthc nrur:rlisr l)olyeroros ofThasos irtroclLtccdncrv schcnrcs ofconrpositiorr rvhich rhc vlsc-paintcr coulcl trkc rrp rnd edJusr rohis fic1cl. But thc printing stylcr thar lollowcd introdnccd shrdin 1, chiaroscuro.rnd subtlctics ofcolour which rhc vasc-plrintcr c()Lrld ncvcr hopc to rrltch, lndincvitrbly rhc:rb1cr h:rnds lvcrc rttractcd au,ty frol)l thc craft b othcr nrcdia.Thc custorrr providccl by thc r,vcll-ro-clo rnay havc dcclincd rr thc sen)L- tr)ra,csPccillly oncc'\,csscls irl prcci()Lls rDctal bcca rc rorc;rcccssiblc (from l)ersi.rDIoor:rrrd thc pcrqrrisitcs of cnpirc), encl :r grorvinr nrurkct iirr fine pJein black

vescs nrct hurnblcr ncccls. llul it would trc wrong to thiDk thrt the Arhcnrarsthought much thc lcss ofa cr:rlt in rvhich thcy harl long 1cd thcir,,,"orll. In thchtcr fi1rh ccntLrrv thc Athcniln pocr Clrjriis listcd drc rnost distirgrrishcdproclucts ofvarious s atcs thclirrDitrrrcof(lhios:rndMilctus,thcgolclcupsandrlccorrrivc bronzcs of F.rrrrrir, thc chariors of Thcbcs, rlrc ulphabcr of thel'hocnicirns, eud lrorn Arhcrrs, rhc victor ofMarlthon tlrc pottcr's u,hecJ andrhc child of cl:ry lnc{ lhc ovcn, rhc fincst portcry, the houschold's blcssirrg.Most ofthc nretcriel hrs bccn scr out hcrc lirllowing Ilctzlcy's attribrrtioDs ft)pxilrtcrs :rnd schools, with nlir)or:rdjultnlcnts to suit prcsctrtrtion. I havc notn;rrrccl rn thc tcxt cvcry p:rintcr r,vhosc work is illustrelccl thcrc arc so rnar:y,;rncl thosc ornittcd iu thc tcxt r:rtc x pictrrrc cithcr bccausc rhcy or lhc v:rscs showrldcscrvc llcirhcr nlor-c nor lcss. I)rinciplcs ofattribution wcrc ciiscusscd bricfly in,'1RFH I p. 8, lnd r firrthcr word nrly not bc arlriss silcc thcrc lrc cloubtcrs.[]crzlcy harl rdoprcd a vcrsi{)l ()f rhc Morclliln systcrl of aDalysilrg thcrcnclcrirrg ofclcc;ril, cspccillly anltonricrl, by rvhich a paintcr's 'hlrrclwricing'rDirlht bc clctcctcd, wl)cthcr that rcndcriDg bc ullc(nsciously rcpcatccl bccaLrsctrivill, or corrsciously adoptcd and rhcr sust:rincd.'l hc trivial is olicn rhc nrorciutirrnrltivc noteblv on thc backs ofthc larecr vascs rvhich rrr'oftcll, it ()urpcriod, fillcd lvithtlvoorthrcc'nlilrrrlc 6ljurcs' clrepcrl youths,tr)cn orwoilcn

skctchcd cluickly by thc p;rirtcr and thcrcforc rclcli)y bcrraying his 'lrarrd';ct. Ir,t-2, ;4-;1. (This critcrion or] SoLlth Itali.ut rcd figurc is clcrronstrltcd byli cndlll in R|SIS.) In this rnd r)thcr rcspccrs Bcezlcy's n)atcial wils cvcn rnorclcrdily susccptiblc to strch enalysis th;ur thc drtwings Jrld paintings studicd byM,lrclli; it was slrictly llnclr and so nlorc casily dcflrrablc, nruch of ir wrs rotconsciously 'artistic', it did not to rny noreblc dcqrcc rlcpcncl on clrlwiug'fronrliti', u.hilc b:rrc bodics:rnd e lirnircd ranqc il drcss olfc'rcd rrlny more rcliablctt

, L 1,.rr, Ll rlrrrlcrirrgsforanalysis. (Thc siglcd work ofJapencsc p nt-rnakcrst , rr,, rroilc:rr clrtoonists, nci*rcr irrdrrclcccl uruch by'srucly front lifi',' , ,, lrL r.rlitlity ofrhc tcchniquc ofatrriburiorr.) Thc ncxus ofrcndcrir)gs rn, r r ' \\ ()rk is such rher rcpctitiot ofthcnl il ochcr works elmosr ccrtlinly, , rlrr surnc lrlrrd, ancl ticsh cviclcncc (sonrctinrcs of sigrrccl works), , ' , .. rr Lrth rrdtcr rharr sanctlfics crror. ADd thcrc is so t11uch more ro it thanr r\l ,L I r.rr \tLrdy of rcrrclcring offornrs: conlposition, ornarncnt, favourcd. .LrL)tr.t, go t() coIifirrn a sysrem u.hich is ocarcr ro bcing 'scicntific' thrnrrr ,ut history. Thc opportunity it otfcrs to disccrn in dcraii thcl,r rr,r rs ot inclividual cralisnlcrl, drcir intcrrclationships, rhcir iconct' L, rrLl ( \'cll socill prcl'crcnccs, rhcir rolc tn thc rrading oftlrcir produirs, rs, I , ll, 1,1 in.rntiquiry ur)til thc days of st:rnrpcd llorlan warcs. llcazlcy'sI , r rlrr' r'Lrnnoisscurship oi Athcnian vescs hls rcrldcrcd possiblc scriousI rr r u,holc rlngc ofncw stlrdics to cnqitgc thc intcrcst ofarchacologrsts

| ,,,,1)rrrc,rtofstylcinCircckert,rndcspcci:rllyr1lAthcnianlrttodtccndI I ( rntury, is rc:rdily dcfinablc ir tcrrrrs ofclatlbJc sculprurc (scc CSC-'P,,r rorr tlrc tcnrplc sculptl.rrc lt OlyDlpia, throush thc fairly cJoscJyl, l,lrrns of rvork on thc l)erthcnon ilnd othcr nlonllrlcnls. Ilchocs of, \','rL\ (.u) sorlrctinlcs bc dctcctctl on vescs, r,"hich arc thcrctry givcn a, l)ti\l qucl]t c.1I., lhc Atltcrla rnd Marsyas of (iS(-'P li.g- (r4, and ntany' , r , n( , ( ahocs tll' I)arthcnon figurcs. Thc dcvcloptncnt rs irot so rcadilyrr l lre tirrrrth ccntLrry, partly bcc)rlsc it i lcss nrerkcd in works rhrr rrri lht' , , Lrrrl r,r,ith rhc v:rsc-pilinrins ofthc day. llccord-rclicfs datcd ro thc ycart ' ',t /'/i(r. r77 9) clrrv irirly sinrplc fisurcs- Penarhcrraic prizc vascs c:rn bc, lr,,tlr,,,crrt'romthcrrch()I1'snellrcthatthcycarryinthcforrrthcortury/ i i / l, r(,9). l)ul thc black figurc drewing or) thl'rlr is lcss rc:rdilv corrrplraLrlc, ,1 trqrrrc than it had bccn in rhe Archric pcriod, tlrough rt lcast onc;rrrrst, r rl both rcchniqucs rnay bc idcntificd, in thc nrid ccntury.,, , Lrc sc,,,crel lrchlcologic:rl ditting points or contcxts which cotrflrru our' , t rlr qcrcrel scqucncc. C;r:lvc aoDtcrlts'prrrificd' fiolt l)cios in 425 wcrc, ,l orr tlrc nclrby isl:rnd of l{hcrci:r nncl incluclc mrlch Arric porcry. Thcr r c lir thc b;rrtlc ofl)c1ion in 4u 4 et Thcspirc cott:rilcd lirtlc dcconrtccl'r. rnd tlnt Bocotian, bur corrprrablc with Atic. l'hc gravc of thc, , .r,.rn,, in Athcrrs (4: t/:) h:rs black portcry rclltablc to rcd figurc. Th.rr rs, l l r, t brcrk ir inrports to Clun)ilc rn lclly, clcsrroycd in 4:r/o. Hirrrcra in" .rs ,['srr oycrl irnd r.]zcd to thc grould irr 4o9 and scvcral 6fih ccnrury, rrr,l Louscs u,ith Artic potcry havc bccn cxcavatcd- Therc is elso portcry, ,\ t lrcrrs ccructcry lronr thc Ionrb ofrlrc Lacolilrrs (4o3; rclatcd to Scmclc,Lr \\uli l'j.tintcrs) ind ftom thc presurned torrrb ofDcxilcos (194; mur.,r,


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Lul:tttrrLrutcd vxscs). Kalos i:rscriptions pr;risine handsonrc yotrths who nright bci,.lcntiliablc arc lcss comrnon but still uscful for suggcsting synchrouisnrs in thcrvork of diffcrcut printcrs, cspccielly arotrnd tlrc nrid ccnlury (see ,4RFH I p.rrl): riotablc erc (ilaukon, son of Lcagros (ibid.) rnd lJuaion, sotr ofthc poctAcsclrylus (born about J2J), bLrt EulioD tnly bc praisccl for his xctins rarher than,vouthfirl bloonl; hc is known to havc bccn r pleywright.In thc forrrrh ccntury drc 11ow of Attic porrcry ro Cypnts drics up el abotrr thctirnc ofthc clc;rth ofEurgoras, king ofSalarnis ancl ally ofAthcns, in 374/3, bur itclocs rrot ccasc cntircly, it sccnrs; thc tuJJ blown 'Kcrch stylc' is ttot rcprcscutcd.C)1ynthus, irr rrorth (ircccc', u,rs clcstroycd by PhiJip of Maccclon irl 3411; thcconlpletc vascs foLllld on i s Irousc floors:rrc:t goocl indicatioD ofcurrcnt stylcs,ircluding'crrly Kcrch stylc', brrt prrr ofthc sitc was soorr rcoccupied. Thc'l hcban pipcr Prononros [3,2-3] l:rd thc Sparten Spartc [365] arc unlikcly to havcrppcarccl orr Artic vescs until e fter thc cnd ofhostilitics widr Thcbcs ancl Sparta atthc crd of thc lifrh ccntrrry. Lr south llussia, end to a ntinor clcqrcc clscwhcrc,Actic vascs havc bccn fornrd in tolrbs with cl:rtcd Parrathcnaics (scc abovc) orrvith lcss cusily cllrteblc coins. In soudr l{ussia somc ofthe coins run to thc cnd ofrhc lourth ccntLlry a lclst bur nccd not ctrry thc prodllcliolr date ofthc vascslnyu,hcrc ncar so 1atc. Alcxtndria was fouDdcd iIr 33 t lncl its carly ccmctcricsh:rvc bccn wcll robbcd but so littlc Atric rcd figurc has bccn found (c.g. [azsl)ther it is dillictlt to cscapc thc conclusion tirlt fincr warc was no lotr{cr inprocluction in t)rc j:.os. Ilcportcd 6nds in Athcns ofred 6gurc with Panathcnricsof thc a ros rl)ily rcprcscnt its last appcarancc irr siqnificenr conrcxt._fhis voJunrc, thcrcforc, covcrs e pcriod rnorc dr:rn twicc as long as rhat rn.'1RFH I, conrprising somc two-thlrclt ofthc vascs in Bcazlcy's rcd figurc lists;bur clcspitc dcclilc in thc quality of thc cL awing ot thc vascs tlrcrc is rt lcast lsrnuch that is handsorlc, rncmorirblc arrd signiEcant to disctlss rlrd illustr:ttc.

Chapter TwoEA R LY C LAS S ICA L

L, \ rlrcrrs tl)c sccond clurrrcr ofthc fiflh ccnrury is:r pcriod ofwcalth, a pcriod of',1,rrL' .rnd of frcqucnt cxpcrlitio:rs ovcrscas, e pcriocl irr rvhich rhc lcwl, ,('.lcy is rcsh:rpcd rnd stabilized end its nrcthocls ofchoosirrg its lcadcrs, Lr, r ilcfnrcrl.'lhc cncl is rnarkcd by pcrcc r,vith Pcrsia, rvhich rnlclc no rnorcrr,,r'i.rl ,rlenrrnds on (lrcck llncls, rnd by thc pl:rnning frrr thc rcbuildrrg of\ r, rr: rrd its tcnrplcs. Wc know littlc ofthc rnajor arts ofAthcns il thcsc yc:rrs,, ,l, , ,l l l)cy wcrc partirlly srillccl b y thc clccision nor ro rebuild strliuht awly thcr r rl,lcs ruincd by thc Pcrsians. thc hurubler crrlt of vasc-pain cin q, howcvcr,,, rr r trs l glinr psc ofthc cflccts ofothcr erts visiblc in thc city, and continucs to,, lrrllr 1v inhrrrnative about meny aspccts ofAthcnian lifc ard sociccy, not lerst,,i ,l,rtionships rnd bchlviour wirhin irs potrcrs' qrrartcr.Alicl rhc brillirncc.rncl varicry ofLatc Archeic vasc-paintine, rhe ncw phirsc,L\ l() bc cxpllincd partly ls iingcring or sub-erchaic in moocl (wcll

, iLrl)oslrltcd by thc so-cl1lcd Manncrists, discusscd irr,4RFHI pp. 179 93 1rr r,\'r'Drcr)t' which corrtinucs: scc Obaptcr Tlrrcc), plrtly itr tcrrrs of thc,l,.rrcnt influcncc of e diffcrcrrr nrccliunt. Prc'viously, rhcrc is l1o rcAsorl to,,l,.ct thitt 'nr:rjor peiDtiru' or1 plncl or wall wls r}ruch unlikc vasc-painrIng,, .,.pt thrt it probably dlcl not usc ilcision (Jikc black figurc) arrd prclcrrcd I, L lr:rckg1611pfl (un)ikc rcd figurc). \Vhlt wc scc and lcarrr eborrt Late Archric,rrtcll woodcn pancls suggcsts compositiorrs likc thosc on vlscs ancl not, rr t iculrrly largcr nor of liner quelity than, s:ry, thc drewing of thc Pionccrsll'/rll I ch. :), sonre of whorrr arc likcly llso ro hxvc bccn pencl-painters;,,lceLl, thc practiccs ofpalcl-pairrting nright cvcn lic bchirrd rhc vcry invcnrron,,i llrc rcd figurL'tcchnlaluc. Nor is finer clEraving apptrcDt on meralwork,

' ,,lccrl thcrc scems to hlvc bccn sonrc clcclinc hcrc after thc scvcnth cerltury lrt ri oLrr of nrodcllcd (cast) clccoration.I rorl thc scconcl cluartcr ofdrc filth ccntrrry, howcvcr, wc havc tlcscriptionst tlrc ,,vall-pairrrings of l)olygnoros ofTirasos (working principally it Athcnsr ,l l)clphi) rnd ofthc Athcrriiln Mikon. fhcsc paintirgs arc clclriy quite novclr L Lrrnposition, bcing lrljor friczcs with figr.rrcs at lc:lsr halflifc size ancl clisposcd, l,.rr(1 dowrl thc friczc, which wls itsclf onc-arrd-a-half or two fiqurcs high.I lrcrc wes no qucstion of pcrspcctive in drcsc picturcs, ancl thc uppcr figurcs

'r L lc rot snrallcr or dccnlcd to be fi.lrthcr awty, or cven lcss irllportarrt, b 1t dtcll


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introduction of vrricd grour)d lincs within thc composition ofi:rcd thcpossibility of, c.g., cuttin olFsome figurcs, as bcllind rocks or a hill crest, :rnd ofintroducing ncw rclationships bctwccn figurcs and within groups, no longcrbound to a singlc ground linc. This opcncd up the possibilitics of ncwcorrccptions ofspacc iD figurc compositions. trc know tllc paintings o Jy l'rorrrclcscriptions by latcr writers, Dotably Pausanias' figure-by-figurc accounl ofrhosc at I)clphi; nonc havc survivcd, nor wcrc thcy to drc tastc oflatcr coPyirt\end collcctors, howcvcr highly tJrc nemc of l)olygrrotos was rrted1 hc new conrpositiorrs wcrc observcd and inritated by thc vasc-paintcrs froDl

rbour 46o on, scldo:r end in a linritcd way, though with irllporlrnt implicationsfor thc composition oflatcr vasc sccllcs. Thc carlicst exanlplc, ancl perhaps tircoDc hat corlcs closcst to thc aPpcilrancc ofthc wall liiczcs, is on thc nanlc v:lsc ofrhc Niobid l)aintcr [1], whcrc wc scc thc fiiczc' of on c-an d-a-half figurc hcightud thc cuc-olF figurcs.

Somc bclicvc that tlrc ncw paintings also introclucccl lcw poscs for figurcs burdris is not bornc out by rhc dcscripciorrs, elrhough thc cnlargccl ficld arrd thc ncwpcrception ofspacc ifnot dcpfi which it olfered, probably cncourrgcd somcboldcr foreshortcnings; bur drcrc is no dranratic cbangc. Thc ralhcr old-tashioncd alatonrical dcrail shown fcrr somc figurcs orr this vasc (rhc cnrpluticbclly-pattcrrrs), and on slightly lltcr vascs which also sccm inspircd by wall-painrirres, has bccn thought a fcaturc ofthc major painrings, copicd by thc vasc-printcr. If truc, this would bc irltcrcstiDg and surprising sincc thcrc is cvcryrcason to bclicvc th:rt thc vesc-p:rirltcr clid not copy w:t1)-paintings, Ji:rc forlinc or figurc by frgurc, Lrut lh:tt thc inllucncc was far nrore gencralizcd andthc ncw stylc clrlstically adrprcd to thc diffcrcnt nrcdium which could offcrlong lriczc conrposiriolrs only by rvrapping thc sccncs eroulrd thc largcr crerershepcs.'l'hc carly drawing stylcs of thc [arly Classical soon :rba:rdon thc Archaicobscssion with pattcrn in arraronry ancl drcss, arrd with ir sonrc ofrhc delictcy ofclrluglrtsnrrLnship: 'thc nan who draws oudincs on pors bccotttcs a hulnblcr,rrorc rncchanical person' (Bcazlcy). Thc moocl is nrorc dignificd, almostirustcrc, and thc perellcl cxprcssion ofit in sculpturc is aptly narrcd thc S.:v.:rcStylc (CSCl) ch. 2) typificd by rhc sculpcurcs ofthc Tcmplc ofZctrs at O)ynr pi.r.Athcns h:rs littlc to ollcr in sculpturc u:rtil towards thc middlc of thc ccntury,rvhich is whcn many think thc finc Riecc bronzes wcrc crcatcd (ibid-.f{r. l8 9),in an Athcnian studio. lrr dctail, wc scc thc pattcrn ofclrcss shakcn or-rt itrto looscr,rrorc rcalistic folds: wherc rhcrc arc stacks t>flolds chcsc arc no longcr dcfinccl byzigzag hcrllirrcs bur sirnply grortpcd in plrallcl lines oftcn with a dot Pattcrnbctwccn. Thc hcavicr woollcrr prplo-,,,^76111 by womcn in prcfcrcnce to tltclooser and nrorc ornatc .l,i/dl abcrs this imprcssion- Ar-ratorny is rcndcredsonrcwhat nrorc intprcssionistically, but still with carcful obscrvttion ofpetlerrl,end a propcr profilc vicw ofthc cyc is gradually achieved, ptrpil to lhc front,Jong uppcr lid. lleal forcshortcrling is attcmptcd lncl the rhrec-quartcr vicw,

_"q

, r, rr ,,1 .r Lrlc. is no longcr a novclty. Facial expressions cxplore subtletics,, r, ' ,l rlri rrrcrc grintace ofpain, and postures abandon the formuiac ofthc, ,,,.., l,(x)k, rlrlrorrgh each paintcr will develop and cxploit his ownL \ , ,r r r ( \. t Irc plintcr contrives 'to includc ilr his art morc ofnaturc's manifoldt,1,, r r, , rrrr rr.r t hln bcforc' (Bcazlcy). Colour and pattcrn bccome subordinatcd torl, , .l,rr'r\t()l) of lnood.',,,,,,t l,.rir tcrs ofthis pcriod havc bccn discussed already in,4RFH I ch.4 - ficl\l ,,,,,( ll\r\. sor)c por-pxintcrs, and followers of somc ofthc Late Archaic cup-I ,,,r, r, ,rll in varying degrees depcndcnt on the old tradition. Here wc 1,,i, rrr.rtc (nr thc tlcw, but the Archaic constantly intrudcs.

I r, Nr()rn) PATNTER [1 8] is thc prime exponent of the new style. We have'1,,,r,.,,,1 his rlanle vase [4] and its demonstration of the influencc of wa1l-IL,,,rI)1,,, l)rrr rDust notc that it is so far uniquc in his work and appears late in his, ,, , r A vrricty ofthis composition, with only a slightly rising or fluctuating1,,r r,,l lirrc. is found in thc work ofhis contcmporarics, c.g. It-2, r3 ], but not (soi r ,,r lris vrscs. It too probably dcrivcs lrom major painting and in its way is,,,r, , llictivc at suggesting depth offield though almost as restrictive as the oldi , , , r r thc lumbcr offigurcs ii can accommodatc. Our paintcr docs, howcvcr,,,t1, r .,. rr r c finc largc-frgurc friczcs on a singlc groundlinc [2, 3 ], often encirclingrl,, r .rr'. .rnd pcrhaps also cchoing morc conventional narrativc stylcs on largcrr,, ,, ' rrr othcr mcdia. Hc likes thc largc vascs for such subjccts volutc, calyx,r,l lrcll cratcrs, with somc of the medium-sized - pelikai, neck-amphorae,l,,,lrrrr lor rnore modcst groups. Anothcr way to answcr thc intcrcst in majortr r, :, s .rrrrl nrany figurcs was to split thc cratcr ficlds into two narrowcr friczcs, al, ',,, r,vc find also in the Niobid Painter's work [5, 6].( )r lris nanle vase the ground lincs lre in white (and so barcly visiblc inIlr,,r,,rtr.rphs) and this is to be the rulc cxcept whcre paintcrs dispcnsc with thcm,lL,,r'( (lrcr. Somc modcst floral cmbellishment of the ground may be seen:lrr,lll 'larrdscape' though this too has been attributed to the influence of, ,,1.,, .rpc clcmcnts in major painting, which thc dcscriptions show to havc bccn,, rrrrrrr.rl. I Iis figurcs havc a finc, solid prcscncc to them, scrupulously drawn and,' rrlr ,r lor ofdress and armour patterning in the Archaic manncr, although this',,,,,, probably docs rcflcct thc grcatcr colour and dctail possiblc in mrjor1,,r'rrnq. He has a 6ne, almost antiquarian eye for the detail ofdrcss, ar,d for

r3


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r)Ll;lnccs oftlarrativc- Tlrcrc is a nronurncntality about his work which cscapcdhis prcdc'cessors, cxccpr, pcrhaps, thc Klcophr;rdcs Painrer (,4RtH I lr'gs. rz94:), rrrd this is a quality to which nr,,r. ,.r\u prrntcr.\ will now:rspiic, withverying clcgrccs ofconviction. Hc likcs thc cpic fighting sccncs, of Alnirz()n5,giants or ccntaurs, as did thc wlll-paintcrs, whilc his smallcr vascs carry divincpursuits or clcprrturcs of warriors, hcroic, or Adrcnian, or hcroiscd Atherrran.wlrich bcconrc incrcasirrely popular. TIrc hcroic atnrosphcrc ofa dcparturc sccncsuch as l7l is applrcrrt whcn lvc contp:rrc it with Hcccor's artnjng for dcparturcby Euthymidcs, fifty ycars crrJicr (,{1?FH I-/ig. -t:, "nd cf.45), and on Lil thcnunrbcr of wonrcrr plcscn hrs suEgcstcd to or)c scholar thar this should bc,Achillcs prcprring to lcavc rhc llclics ofSkyros lor Troy, encl nor rn Arhcnransubjccr. Thc fornrulac lor such sccncs had bccn long cstablishc'd; when a ltcw oneis sought for a myrhological occasiorr, :rs on [t], wc m:ry bc surpriscd by rhc;rpprrcDt r)aivcty irr showing how Apollo dcflccccd Paris'arrow to Achillcs'lrccl.Ofthc Niobicl Painrcr's conrpaniorls rhc ALTAMURA PATNTF.R lro, r I I is c:r1ntcr,nrorc old-f:rshioncd, but lot for drat rcason 1irerally his scnior and onlytcrn pcram cntaJly his'clclcr brorhcr', ls Bcazley c:rlls him. Irrdccd hc decoratcsthc 'ncw' shapc for tllc volutc cratcr, wirh nroulclc'd ncck I ro], which rhc Niobidl):rintcr docs not- Hc dccorrtcs stamnoi too, :t shapc also nrvourcd by thc plrurrrsoflerqc pots (brrr scldonr a lield lor rhc Niobid Painccr), whilc thc old fashioncdbc11 cratcr wirh 1ug handlcs is not forgortcn Ir r ]. I Ic sccn)s nor to bc r:rkcrr by thcncw compositions. For thcsc wc turn to e crudc but bold followcr ofthc NiobidI);rintcr, thc PATNTER or rrrE Woolly SATyns. I,zl is a gooci cxamplc ofaconlposition with thc fluctrrating groLlnd linc ancl it ncrtly dcmonstrltcs bothonc of thc distirrctivc cut-olF figurcs and a darirrg group of Greck clispatchingAnr;rzon in a conrbination ofpostLrrcs unthinkrblc carlicr. Anrazorronrachics arcfivorrrccl for such sccrrcs: a subjcct popular roo on wal]s, scrving ls parablc toA drcus' succcssful dcfeircc:rgainst thc l)crsian invasions. Hjs volurc craccr li3lrl,itlt its sinllle nilrrow friczc aud figurcs on a variablc ground linc offcrs a richcrtcxcrlrc offiEurcs than nlost colrvclltional rccl figurc, and cxp)oits wc11 thc litrcblack ofthc vitsc walls, as had mosr black figurc volutc craters. Ir4] is no lcssoriginal: this scc'ms ro bc a wcary Hcraklcs with rhc dcad lion (which looks morc:rslccp than dced). Thc scatcd figurc should bc Eurysrhcus, thc yourh Iolaos,Hcraklcs'conrpanin, but hc sccms alrcady to have e lion-skin.A third trcarnrent fcrr rhc ncw corrlposirional styic is to il]crcasc thc height ofthc friczc relativc to thc figurcs, as iD rhe crrly cxlrnlplcs lry thc parNrnn orBoLocNA 279 [15, r6l. Wltcn rhis is combincd with ntore ovcrlapping groupsrnd rctivity rlngine up and down the ficld, the gcncralc1Icct may bc confusug,errcl ifwall-paiDrings wcrc rcelly likc this wc must ittlaginc rhat thcir grcatcr sizcinrproved rhc cfFcct. [t sccms barcly approprjatc on a c]ay vasc, and latcr, bctccrpeiDtcrs who arc attractcd to such compositions wiJl spacc thc figurcs rnorccffcctivcly, whilc poorcr paintcrs will range thc)it in scparatc but trndefincdt4

,, r,' ..,,lrr, L,l bv thc hish fjclds olli'rccl by sorneshapes. ()therwise the clcsircr ,, L l,r,,lrlt r.rrr()r) ,rf snrrllcr ligrtrcs on thc largc vlscs, ancl thc narr.rtivcl, I rr, , tlrcv ollcr. is lrrswcrcd by putting two ticrs of Iillures or1 cratcrs,,,,,,11, \\Lrlr rrrrr,lltcrlstrlrjccts, l clcvicc wc lravc nrcr alrcady wirh thc Niobidl',,,,, 1 ,. r,l Nrrnc ofthcsc variablc groturd-linc or up-ancl-down coDlposi-,,', , ,,1 l,, c.rr licr tlrarr about 4_io, and rhcy look apprcciebly latcr rharr rhc,, ,ll' rrr(r':n;lr)rcv;rsc. lt7] and lrg] offcr odrcr painrcrs' rrcatnrcnts ofthcL r,l v,r lir Lrlc-groun d-1in c conrpositions, Jnd Ir,9] a djffcrcnt usc ofthc',, , ,', rrrrilL lrrczc tn a cr.1tcr. k is clcar that thc friczc, whcthcr or not it rs

l. l,,i rlrtiqlrt,h;rsbccorncanrorcimportxntclcDrcnrfornarrativcdisplayL rl , I' rnt l, errd ir is Jikcly *rat drc rrcw stylcs of major pairlting arc rllclirr this slrilt of cnrphasis.

t 1,,'i ly rclrtcd brrt rnorc acadcrnic group ofpailrtcrs sAw no ncccl for sr;ch,r rr r t)rrly thcir lcadcr, thc VtL^ Grurl^ PatNrnn lzo 2jl, will rcgul.rrly,r rl)1 ll)c litrgcr critcrs for his work; for thc'othc'rs pclikai, stamnoi andI r r \nllicc, u.irh smallcr vrscs. Thc nrost characrcristic cornpositiorrs arc, inll, L , ( \'\ pl)rrsc, 'quict and harnronious', k) thc point ofbcing boring cxcept,1,, r, thc subjcct rrlttcr clD hold us. The revcrses of thc vascs arc lnorcr rr ly now 6lled by Jay 6gures (the ViJJa Ciulia Painrer ofrcn has a'king' and,,,",,rrrcn),banalgroupsofson)cvaluc,howcvcr,iridcntifyingartists'hlnds,, , rrr thcsc 6gurcs (commonly 'mantlc figurcs') drc artist rclaxcs lnd rcvcrlsI rrrtLrrrl' rDd lndiviclual h:rrrdwriting his signaturc- Our paintcr also,,, ,'r,,n.rJly works on whitc ljround, as in thc rondo on [zo] with rhc goddcss1..,,,)holdingajugtinncdovcrtoinritarcsilvcr.ThcCnrcac()PArNrF.RJ26 291r r)r()rc cnEeging pcrsonelity. Thcsc rrtrsts rnrtiitc,ln rnlcrcst in sccr)cs ofr , ,r rlrip lncl darrcc at a pillar inragc ofl)ionysos lz4l, oftcn associ:rtcd by schollrs,i rrlr thc Lcuaia fc'stivitl, or with an cpisodc in thc spring Anthesrcria; thcsc hevc atr,irl bLr visorous voguc. Thc Pcrsian bcing attackcd on [29] rcminds us thacr ,lr (ontcnrporary cncourtcrs with thc barbariarr hacl bccn givcn a dcgrcc ofr r()r. status in Athcnian art sincc thc l)crsian wars (ARFH l.ftgs.27t),3oj).


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t llrltut Lnru Ly lht Nil,iLl/,an,rrr. .sarA r,/ lnt: tuy . ,)l,lilhn tnp( oi Kd\\ 11111

2 t/.1 ( L'ntl L,y th(Nnt,itl Pni 0. Al'oNIIt klL, lnrtLl by Phalot.uthLr, ,4nt:uonaLhy

t ti, ,trtd 1,y th( Ni,)i,irl /ini,,/(i. Wttttr lcpan: (AltiLlLs.fron Skyt,ts?)

a t (dhrt,tul hli) Calys tratr by rhL Ni|'ltidhli tt ltn"t( td\.). Apll., Attotis a tht


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tr\ thtttt by tht NirhiLl Pdi tet. Cigantodathy: Arts, Zas, Ano i , ApolLo. tsclou, Dionysos.

j Cdlyx trdto by tht Ni\)hid Paintu. Abor(, the.qrds./&t( Pdndotd. B(k\*, a Pahltdttr drtr\


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ta l/rlLt. tttu l)y tfu Ahatunn Painu,4b.r (, Ttipn) l0r'\. Bt lan,,Oildtlnn hy: Di tt\)\, Ar]tu , Ztr\tl (b(Lt\,) B(lL nfit l,t tu AlLtD tdPni (. Hddkl(\ lnle$ Ol)aq^

E Palih hy th. Niotid Pd,rkr.9 (hd.tu) Caiyx rd@ tu the "tr1th, Nnbitl 1'a0ttt t;tra d,ltt:Znt\, Hdrklt, 4tlhlr, Atttn\


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| ,t) t lttt hl th lrnitlb rftht Woolly, t t trllh ' r1i ttu dul lidl, 1, I I t fuhtt( trrt( I'l 1lr Pdittu ifI I )i t ) lhrt H.rd^l'r r,'l ts,jni\.ri 1. ri, \,rr1r ,r(dn,r/ 7lr.l,.i, ti,i r ^. hl'\r)- H- 7r-5

t, (dhor() V.ltu htt:r l't th Pai'tu .l tltLl oolly Satyt t. An a :ttLtnatlty11V.ln( 6tb I'y ln Pdiltu,,Jtk lyD.llySdtyr\. D.dlh ol ,4k1aiL,t


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15., l?ckv af 15.) Ath tu inl16 (tuLt) Vol . ddttt hy ttu l)ot 0 alBolor a )79. A ,t:a Wnh),

.r..t]th.t:..t,,tl,.Lt 4.. t tt\ -l )

tt Vrlui tn t to etdl uilh th( ()\N,n Paittr. .4tltillts tLLdtes np

t9 Cdlyr tato h)'tlt( Stt.tkll\ Pdntn\. Kadnt on1 rhc Llra,qot


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,o Ctp hy th( nild O"tlio Poi' tr. K.n Din . ,1.5

:t OaL1,x enter by tht Vill. Oirlia Pnitttt:z Btll raxt b1, tht VilLi Oi id l,dit 0.H.t t.s drd ittfa t Diaty\.:

,3 (aLrk) Stdtutu\ hy th( VilLa CutiaPdhttt. Apalli and M$t\- Il- i1-1)t std,n@\ hy ttu Villa Ci td P,1ittkr.W$nt .[ Diony i\ (t1it|ft ihnr. n,itltd\L), tri|. tdlti .q. H iu


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a (akw leJt) Lekyrtur by thc Villa Oiulid Painto_ Apotlodfid Altcni'. H.47.j?ollbo+'ittt, Stda'"-,lt th, I.ht.r\', la; t,1-tB-a lpl

,7 kboft an.l h.Low) Stannos hy tha Chnara paint(r

,6 pelike Ly the Chndgo Pdintet. Poly eilet bib6 Lriphyte

, , ',,,,1, t't tht Chiedro Po"tat.. t ,t I l\ t.t |t. H. 23 10 Pointcd dnphard by thc Orcithyin Paintar. Bor?as and Oftnhyiojt Poitn l anryhatu by theCopenhqte Pantut. AthiUesrckit,4 kttu ahnott. H.47.2


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1i"l;, :, hy ,h" D,"1,1,,,a Pailnn. A ldty a n (ta firht35 Calyx crater by rhcA.ristht\ PanLtut. ApalL.,,Tittos d d Ct. II- 5o-5

Ji Onn)(ho( af tu Cro"t) rf Doli rat5. Sdtyt dtdtkhtL ol j'.1 (rrtui|yht.q Hctaktcs antl lr HLspLtidtt

16 Cohnn mtet hy thcA( i Lh t hti 1tct (1tdtt. tdv).Ot(lt$ tht1tatul hyClytdtuit nra killi Aqistltus

11 Hyitid by th Pnhn.r .l thcYdL( O"nd1o ..ldadnLt .I /1tisH-.1.1 17 C.lrnn ndtd hy ttCku.ln d Pai tu. Kai .ts


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tE (1c[ t.l dl,at) Lottrophotu\ hy th( Sytdttlc pain.t. ptuth(si\. H 66.5

tq Colnn htu hy ttSfrdtts. Pdhtu. 11. 4 r.l 4tC)l .hltr hy tlt ()tultrtu| t\ id' ttltlltl.,t t)l HhtLL

1) Ctln n rrto by tu ()rlutd PainrLr. sdtif/ t. n ho


18/128

,t. (:rlrtrtt tl1to hy th. O,|utul htnto. -l,trrn d t nn, fi(tL.; tht .4,t\, \ltit to ri.tttl

.rj \i.l d,?r.rr ht th lllkirtuth hti t(,. t l.h1l 1. I

t t,L tr\ Ly th Alkn nllr\ l)t tk1. Honlh\ d n tuititllr ii Htd.'

J+ \'..1 i,ryrr.r, lty rht,llLinatlutl\1i n1'. Ih( r\ t l lalil\irt\ tt' l.tl:tthr\ bt rfu .llkinalo l)diltt.t. Bi ll t)l at l'rhtu da .r [l th Btun h]ittu. 1l- 61ttir t\i\ ltrir Zai thi:th


19/128

t,,,r i).rirrrcls ot lhc Icriotl rrc rDcrrror,rblc il('rrcr:rll) ti)r indi',ldu.rl, , l,.rr(i.Lllrr stlbjc(as. .rrr(1 lll.rrl f;lvotrI llr( c()lul]lll crrtcr. .l slrilPcI r rL Ll l,r' tLc sccrrrrcl rrtc; it is n)()rc crsllv potte(l, rrr()rc cr\ily c:lrric(1.I l\ t(I.c robtrst. llrc ()l]lllrryl,\ lrrtrrrr,rr L.lrrl convcl.: stili v)lrlcI \ L .rnrl gr.rrr.lcLrr, lrrd rrru\r l)c c.rrlv irl thc pertocl. Notitc thc firtc,r l.rrd h:ril oi thc North WirLl (ltorc,rs).,rnrl rhcthrccdifii'rcrrr u;tvs, , .\ r)t_thc cirl\ irrc \ho\{ll rcxli\tiL cLrrls. xrlLl rhc Arclr.tic rvrr'1'locksi,,,l,hlcr. Thc Ar,t;rs r r r L. s l)^r Nrfn rlso h.rs r lcrr A rlhlic oriqinr (:rr thc; , rl),untr.r'sbench; .'11?1rl/1./i(s. r99 -lor;ln11hcr,. l.lr]) rrrtlrttcrupts(r.rtcr\ ]t5, ;61. ()tlrcrs ll: 11, i7 l.i] .rrr Provc corrrpctcrrt ;rrrd, ,,it,rriorrrll,v \\'rth \()rrr('rigoLrr irr tirrurrrg, oaa;l\iolt;lllv with lt(), l :.r.rlalry dirccttrcrs. lhcl irrrlLrlqc sonrc nrinor sPccirlls.rtj(,n nr,, ,rr rl]cl lcbctc: q.trrrik,ri l;l', +ol (.orrccrrtr;tttolt bv sorrrc l.lilrtcrs ortL r rl rr,1 wcdclirrq r,:rscs $ il1 bc rt fi'rttLrre ol tLc a()llllllq qcncl rtiorr' I hc

, ,s l'ar I r r rr l4;, .7 s I rc.rll\ n)rrrr ()1_tlrc l)rtr l)rtitrtcr 's clttictcr trlourctltsrnfl)or:rc rr(l )ck,r'thoi (.'l/lFH I,hlt.. ::) +f. c\p. thc lckvrlroi,./r(r.I , rqcring Archlisrrr c,trr bc sccrr cvrrv\ hcrc it tlrc uolk of tllcsc, l).lilltcr \ bLrt thc llottt,rs ,rDd l t otrl'xt.tl l)ll\r lr n\ l./J 501 illc thcLrcirrli'r'iorcolLrrrntr.rLcr.thoLrqhthcii)rrrrcrriscsloflrraruorkonrtL( r. p(r vcr scl\, .lcnroting rlrc rrcck fior,rl irr iivotrr ()f ir1r olti iislrionccl',2. l1o"l.Lr. rl),lrry orhcr l.rilrtcrs (lcvotcd ro tLe \rr).rllcr Pols. Il()trblY lcl)thoi, r,rll Nol;ur'rrerk rnrplror:rc, uith thcir iris bl,rck nccks.rrrd rrqht

,,,1ri r. gcncllllv uot irtritirrq trrorc lh.trr orrc or two liqlrr c\ fcl sidc. I'11is, r,L r rrpicd irr rhc ::rrrrc ycilrs b\ rhc cirrlv Mirrrrrcrisrs :rnd otlrcrs rvlloscr rL AlcL.ric studios is Irtorc:c.rdrlv,IPfirrerrt.lnd r,r,ltosc rvork hls bcctrr I r,, .l/l/rll I ch. -1.,,t tlrc lckl'thos printcrs rlcscrrc.rtttntion lirr thcir corrrlibtrtiorr to rhcr,rl.lrir)'o1 .rn ol(l tc.llrriquc wLitc groLlr)d rhich is lirltllcr sttrrlictlr r ( llr,lptcr [i{)ur. ]'hcS,rrr()lrRorrl)AtNlltRl5/ tlllsilbtrs,vorp-prlrrrcrtrfr' rir, ojlcrirlr plcrsrrrg ifLrn.rrrrbrti()Lr\ tlqtrrcs of)oLlllts llttl wotrtert otr, i .orrrc bcttcr u or k orr lrrqcr r,'tscs. I lc p.rirtctir lcrv lcd-figLrrc lck,vthoi,\ \\ hltc qroLrrrd wlri.l) rrc Lll\cr.rs\c(l clst u hcr c rrrd hc h.rs :t goo.l rvltitcr,,rLlo,.vitlr IIcrr l;r]. I'Jrc lR()r,rYl),llNttRsPcrsrrtAthcrrl'itrirrgorr' rs PLrzzlins lr;1. lhc Ilrlu,trotN Ir^r\lllk ltb 591 r,,':rr thotr{ht l)1', r r,, bc r'cr) likcl,r'tlrc sillllc tttitll ls the Atllclrl l)rirrtcl lr'ho 1l;rLl rrllrs c.rrccr in Lrhck tigLrrc c,rr1y irr thc ccrrtrrr',v (.-1Ii|1J pp. rr-l .1, Ll8).r ' .h,rllqe oi tcal]rliquc :lrld .l(l\'.rrr.ir)s )c,trs sccnr .tca()rrlPrlllici-l bY il, ,lr,rrrqc of rnood. Most of his lckl thoi 'rr,. r ul-ligurc. btrr tltcr c rrc sorrrcr,,LrnLl. u'itlr thc rrrrc sirnplc ruL-,jccts. rlrrnly sirrqlc llgtrrcs of worlrcrr,..Lrr,l rhc olrl bl.rtk-prlrrrettc shoulLlcrr 'l'hc Atsr:tttxtr l']^rNrr,li 16. (-rlI l, ll,\rirsRlrrr t).llNrr.R l6.tl h,rvc r sirrriLrr r:rrrii( of slltIC.rs irr ,r tlrr.r

1)t:)li ut t.tttt l,) th l\,tttt I'tli 1tt ltr, tjjtl :tiritrl

n, (:'lu thttt L) th. llitrr I)ri1lt) l1r. r\ rt irttlIriNtLtt7


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Thc Early Cllassicrl cup-p:rintcrs rvorking still in thc olcl tr:rdilion rvcrcdiscussccl in ,4llirIJ L Thc ncw srylc is dorlinatcd by two narrrcs which typify rhcbcst lnd rvorst ofrhc pcriotl. Ihc l)rsToxtNos l'arNrrn 164 69l carrics much ofthc tlclicacy and qutlity ofthc Latc Archric into thc ncw pcriod; aptly, hc pr.riscsCilaukon on his v:rscs, son ofthc Pionccrs' darlirg, Lc:rgros (,,'l RFH I p. : r j ). Wcnlct Pistoxcnos ls thc skyphos-1'rottcr who acloptcd thc nanrc Syriskos (ibid- p.r r 4). Thc pain tcr h rs rn othcr pottcr liuk wirlr thc Latc Archaic in h is clccor r tiunof onc (or morc, cups nrrdc lor hirn by thc now clclcrly I)ionccr Euphronros(r,vho had turrrccl lrorrr peirrtirru ro pottinu in thc carly lifth ccntury; ibid. pp. .3 z.r 3l): lhcy ilrc clistinguishcd in thcir painting too by rhc clroicc ofr whitc srounclhrr thc tondo carryirrg dclicatc but vigorously conposccl outlinc clrlwing wirh astrong Archeic flevorrr. Hc has ln originll way rvirh srory-tcJli)lq; i llrajor Jrtirtofthc pcriocl. His rvhirc gronnd rondi nrLrsr bc c:lrly,47o or iirtlc latcr, rvirhstroDg rclion I64, 6Jlor sirrglc tlcirystutlicsl6Tl.'Thcrcisasubtlctyofcolor.rtroDancl dctail hcrc which cscipcd r)rost ofhis contcmporarics- Ofhis conrprnr,rnsthc lAReurNrA l'arNrnn will e]so rry whirc-grourd tondi [7;] but is gcncrallysirtislicd wirh rcpctitivc youths and lthlctcs. FIis snbjcct martcr is still strorrglyArcheic. Thcrc is othcr inrcrcsring work of rhis fhvour in this arc. [75 79].C)bscrvc thc black cnpboy oD If] w]ro inrruclcs irrto thc pl.iD band ofstill-lifesu,hich rcpl:rccs thc couchcs in thc syrnposion (.rs,4l?lLH I.hX. lo5).Thc sccond cup-pairllcr works latcr and is importent ls both ;trtis andcntrcprcncur (ifhc wes indccd nrastcr ofthc workshop that wc associerc with hisr:rnrc): thc PrNrlrrsu.uA l)ATNTER IEo 86]. On his nanlc vasc thc figurcs fill thctondo IEo. i ] lncl lrc rhcrctirrc as big or biggcr th;rn nrost on cratcrs (t]rc cup rs 4-1crrl :tcross). ()nc scDscs thxr tllc colllposiliorr would havc [rcttcr soitcd a rcctatlglc'rhan a circlc, u,hich clocs not rncan that it wts copicd fronr a fiiczc or plnc1,though it clclrly f


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.1 nrrlr bcr ofnovclty fiqurc vascs wirh rccl-6lrur c dccor:rrion on thc v:tsc nrouths.Sornc rrc in thc shapc ofeninul lrceds (rams, clogs, bolrs I lo7], donkcys) copl ing;r typc Iorg f:rnriliar fronr prccioLrs-nrct:rl l)crsilrr spoils and inrporis tiorrr thcLrst; othcr-s rrc wholc ligrrrcs (sphinxcs Iro6l) or eroups (a l,cisier lcading :rcamcl Iror l, r r)cqro boy clLrghr by a crocodilc lro4], e rrounrcd Arnrzon), orodditics (irn esrresal Iro5l). A nrorc colourful inriratiolr ofarr casrcrn shapc is rhcHutcd (rvhite. bl:rck arrcl coral rccl) phirlc, wlrirc within, rvith e cicacl:r p.,rcJrccl onirs rnvcl l.rool. IJis dclicecy is displ:rycd in drc snrall cups vu,ith nrciryrhoughth.rurllcs. clccoratccl by rhc lrtisr wc call rhc Soraors parrrlr {ro; iof]_ -ihcoLrrlirrc drrwinq is cxccurccl in prJcsc gloss pdinr, bur thc rcldc,cl coloL;rs arcnreinly now_1osr. Tirrcc finc ctrps ir London (two arc I ro.z, ro,;l), wirh rhc phillclrool rnd-ocher ribbcd cups wcrc fountl irr onc or:rb ln Ailicrrs. l.lrc subjr,ctnretrcr ofrhc tondi is originrJ ;rncl rttcntpts havc bccn ntadc ro firrd a cortr:notftctor which might cxplein thc purchasc :urcl dcposiriorr of tllc qroup in orctonrb. (loral rccl is usccl on thc oucsidc ofonc, ,rnil in thc groovci ofthc ilutc.lcups; it also appcars rrl othcr cups, erolll1d rhc toncio I roEl or on tbc outsidc, thclesr irnporttnt Llsc lor this untrsual colouring ccchniqnc.

5t (ahot) Cq bt ttu snho tuli t)dittttt. HQ11y (ht) L.kytho b)'ttu Sdb.wilJ Pdil .t. H. 15.9:t (l\hrr) (:rt h), tlt. sahatrL,A hut .t. AYll,'

4a


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t

| ( tl ) t l,lt ) P,ltlr l,) th 't't\ t,ttt, t,,u|tltlunth n\ t. H _5 tij /rlf,1 ,i(r/l \nh It1^.r t\ tttlI t, ttt), I rr ,r5nttit 1,1tt It\tlt,, I), h 11,it,\,.-.tl,lit ltl.)th,,l,) th |\.r,1 n t, tn,)

n t,l)tlti l), th, 1i thttu\ l' ittl

t,l:),lD\ liy th. lJrtl.ili 6t lrkytho' I'y th ,li .ltitu: L\tiikt. li\ rkl I ilhol:


23/128

l

(2 (:rlt" lw\ dl,l\^fto hr ttu ..1i lti t\ hri tttnjLtL)tlt, t) ttn.I l\tth, t.t tr1. ll ,t_)

,i l)ixn\(trt l).i l

I I rrir irirrr,x.roj l,rinro

(/'Ott) bf tllt l)istaxt .\ P,ti'ltct.AyhotirL1 Crp b, th( Pi\toxo.\ pdjlttr Dlnjh of Oryh.,\


24/128

ax.sl)rplri,J l,t r,i. /)iJn) ,oj 2rnrlrr. L/.akttt ot OLn4tt

?o L k)rh.: i tlk nnu .l lht t)inovltr

6q Llol$nt hy tln, l)i r.\-ir: t\ttjtu Itt,tkh.

;) (:rt hy |h. Trtul|ilin h1i1l('. t)i.n- 11

I L t.:|ry h) tht l iquriht ]\trtL'. Atlnln n tl Hqlninr\ tuhit A (lidr . Di&" .tt

i1 ()\t [y thL Pai itt.l Alh.ti\ tzil


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.6 On.tlb. hf nL Pnhtlr af ll otu 1t'21. 77 ()hatlo( by thc lta, 1\.l [Ltotrt ao,l. Zus d t1

la (l(ft) O"Ntt hy h T tlt|ia Pdit .t.75 (b.l ) ()tt n 1ltu r tr.l th( tr\ i ir

.II Il,r ,nla ti Bhlrt 7q () p by tfu Aino a Pdiltt(. Yrrth tal\ 5t(l(

sr.t C ]1 by th. Penth.\ilu Pait (r. AthiLL5 nnd 1)o h^ikn? Dib .11


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do.2.hturn,r.I.to.l

81 (dhrt( d t b(l\\t) (: r by t1l1. I t,l, I'y 11. Plnh \llu. r, I () ty"Edt.

Si ], Mititan, r(Rt.q itiLtl. Dionr.7,


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28/128

n- \l yltlt,, 1\ tlr t t i t\t, tiil, t ,/,,\,1 ,t ttt,,1,t

i)t Skyt,lDt hy lt t,t,u,i\lrt;tttt. Iai .ttu -ittt,,,trt

| . tlt, l1r'ii Priltkr 06 (),, jlU,/r.r. //. ,r.J

9.1 i:l ll)ho\ Ly tlI tjti\l\1i tt1. .1 :r . H. tl.j


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,9 .\t l'dl. t L,Itthrt,s

roo Phinl. uith tndth hy k pono SotadT , ,/ /'i //,r s.tud.r Ptittto AlPtu lnki.lr'Dirht' )15

rot biyrc ta\e bt th. Ntter Sotod.\


30/128

to5 Ankqdl hy th. :jntote\ pdin1 L. 7

t'f -,t -,' -rLl t,ti/ I,tt.,r rn I t,r,t,.,S".r/,. /,,,.4.,\1rt1lt, ^tl t, r\,x/,1 \ilr H .o'

' t. t , ',, ttr tur (t ttl ttu Sotatut Pdi tu. Nlrnh,lvr ils & t t: H ':4

.r, rl,.\,rt) dL,r tr th( S. ddt\ l\litto lar1 tul tu tul n do). Dian. 1.19


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'I'hc P:rrthcnol was bcing plrtrnccl irr thc nrid filth ccntury; in 43 B thc tcmpJc wrsrlcclicatcrl lncl irr rhc lirllowing six yc':rrs thc pcdinrcnlal figttrcs wcrc instellcd. Itrv;rs l buiJding rich iu nrrrblc sculprtrrc, lrrd in rclicfrrrclrhvork and p:rinting (orrthc cult starrrc). Thc sr.rrvivinq sculprurc typiflcs lor rts Arhcnian arl of thcpcr iod, irs Cllssicel, idcllizcd stylc. In vasc-paiuting wc rightly look for cchocsofthjs, bur it is clusivc, althottgh wc rley tclclily dctcct sccncs uhich appcar to;rlnr lor hc slrnc idcrlizccl, hcroic autlospherc,:rod sccucs ofcivic display. Thc$J;ry thc c fi dcvclops cln bc ttndcrstcxrd :rlmost wholly in tcrms of thc mcdir.rnrrund its tcchniqucs, perellcling radrcr than copying highcr:rrts.'l his chaptcr dcels u'ith 'thc I'arthcnotr pcriod', ycrrs ofprospcriry lnd powcribr Athcns, dolvn to thc,l2os wllL'n war and cvcnts lvhich wcrc co lcad ro dcfcatsign:r11ccl for sorlc paintcrs e surprisinq chlngc ofnrood. I havc dcfcrrcd to tht'ncxr chrptcr orle or lwo :lrtists wholn Be:rzlcy irrcludcd ill his '(ilassic' phesc, noti:r lny atrcnrpt o itlprovc orr his cllssific:rtion, but to isolltc hcrc that worklvhich is truly'Prrthcrronian'and to kccp ()gcthcr thc work ofartists whtrcxprcss morc fully thc rrcw, nrorc florid stylcs of latcr in thc cc:rtury. Thcrc issoincthing ofthc appcaralrcc oflhcsc ncw stylcs ilrcirdy in thc latcsl Parthcnorrscu)ptnrc (thc pcdirrcrrrs), Llut nor of thcir nroocl as il is exprcsscd in vasc-plinting.Fronr this point on, drawing stylcs clcvcloP Inorc slowly thln they had in thcf:LsL hundrccl ycars. hl tilnL'sot1lc pililltcrs:tchicvc a Ilcw lllastcry ofsPicc end lhciclrtiolship bctwccl fiirurcs, or sttcccssful dcpictioll of rllass lnd motion irr lincdrrrlvirrg, bul for lhc rlost Pxrr dctcrlrlil)ation of darc ancl of rhc work ot'indiviclurl ertists is still clcpcndcnr ol obscrvatiorl ofdctirils ofdraughtsnranshiprnd shrpc. fhc connoisscurship bcc."... nrorc ditficult elld thcrc is llo spacclrcrc fir dcrlilcrl :rnd pcrsonal conlpJrisons- Wc lnight hlvc cxpcctccl lhcil]Bucucc of m:rjor peintiDt to grow, irltroduciDll lrcw orllllllcllt or cvcll ildcsrcc ofpolychrorny, br.lt wc havc orrly thc incrcesing usc of whitc grourrd ltrrr lirnitccl if DLlr)rcrous cltss (thc whitc lckyt)roi, Oheptcr Four), wirilc rhcup/clou rr corrr positions or usc of ir vtriablc ground-1irlc rcnlain quitc rarc duqittthc etrcntior thcy incvitebly uttritct irr tcxt- lnd picturc-books. (icncrally tht'qood ertists lrc torally contpctcnt in llretorrrical rcrldcrings, though still stricdyibrnrul:ric in thcir usc ofstock poscs ancl eroups, ancl thcir ar,vkw:rrd nrcdiunr ri'rthcnr still to rneirrly profilc vicws of hcacls ltllcl to rvcll-speccd colnpositiont'

I l, ltcr lin l)aintcr. masrcr of thc Latc Archtic pcriod (,4RFH I pp 9 r t t I). ,rl,,l .rr into thc sccond qtrarlcr ofthc 6ltlr ccrrtury arrd hecl a busy ifrr'rt,1', ,r. ,lntinguislrccl tirllowing (,4RFH I pp. I9l J). Thc Acrtrrrs l)'rrNrrnlr,1 rrSl,.rtworkbyabout46o,sccnrsllisnatLu:ll succcssor xlld nr ey cven hevcl',rlrr'l,Lrpil.Hcshrrcslhcnlis cr'sdelightinfigurcdr:rr'virrgti)rilsowDsak.:,r,,,, r .l tlrcrclorc big bJeck vescs (1ikc thc olcl-fashiorrcd bcl1y arrrphora, his,,,, ' .rrc I rogl) or thc srn:rllcr Nohn lrnphorec w)rich dispJay wcll thc onc- or,1,, llrr. strtrccts Itrr, lr.:1. Likc his llrrsrcr hc is not lntrch intcrc-stcd in,,, l, t L1.d srory-tc'llirrg btrr is satisflctl rvith sruclics ofgorls, Nikri, pursr'ritr.| , rrl.rrq. Hc rpprccilrcs prrrc black, Plltrilr thc tinicsl vigncttcs ()rl sornct ,l .r ,rrioi,lndirmeyltavcbccntrtlchthcsamcprcfcrcncc'whichlccllrinrto1,r rrlr, rrcrcrsirrgly popullr sqtrat lckyrhoi, wirlr tlrcir sinrplc hceds anci bustsi,, ,l ,,,r.rtion. WircD hc.lccc,ntrcs thc biggcr crltcrs thcliqurcs drc ticd to thc, , ,Lrr,,l ror clisposcd up lnd dowrr ill thc'nlodcrn tlratlncr'lcerrrcd fronl wT lls

l, , lr. r)llstcr, hc- pcrltlps Prints ilr blilck frqtlrc loo, for prizc l)llrethcnllcslil/ // /,f 1o t). I fii'sobcr bceuty'is bcsl cxprcssccl otr whitc ground 1c'kythoi,, , I , lr rr,c lttrn latcr, though hc adnlits sotlrc of thc tirncral sccncs oDto rcdr,,,,1-r,thoi lrrEl,rnclhis'battlclor.rtrophoros'ltt3l ise rrocablc:tncl rroblc-,, llrc ch:rrlctcriz:rtion of thc old warrior orl lrl4] is tlllcxPcctcd ill thist r ,,,1 ,,l rtlclliz:rtion. IIc rvorkcd on to rt lcast 4lo, il sccnls His carly vesr's,,, / r/,,r nrrrcs (Klcini:ts, Lich:rs; whilc l)iphilos lncl I)ro:lippos arc his, i,,fl1( \ ()n u,hrtc grotrncl) rvidr Fl;rrly Classicr) cuP-plirrtcrs; his lltcr, '"r'ith,, r,, bc ,ncrrrio,,cd bckru (Euaio:r :rrrd Axiopcithcs; with tht'l'hialc;rtrdI lr,'rrl,,rirrtcrs).Thcl)wanrl),trNrtlullrg,l,zo aldl)Lt{srl'll()NLl)AINTLRIl2ll,,1'rrr tc,-l folL>wcrs of. ;urd lkirr to, ttrc Achillcs Prirrtcr by Bclzlcy' l)warfil

1,,,1 ,Lrr r(tcd thc synrPilthctic altcntiol ofAdlcrrirn ptintcrs bclorc ('41?FH Ir, i ). Irlgl nrakc. " nicc:ltlclllPt at clrawirtg arl Archeic kouros rs rr crrlrI , Achlllcs Painccr's ptrpil, thc I)tlt,qrr l)^lNlLR ll22 /2d1,'an 'rtisl oftrucl, r rrcl. in his l:rrgcr rvorks, nobility', h.ts sinrilar prcfc'rcnccs but pcrhaPs, r, lrr'.rrt lirr rrlrreiivc. Hc dccotelcs vcry firv u'hirc grourltl lckyt)roi butL, , . tlrc tcchniquc for rr,vo slrikirr{ crlyx cr:rtcrs {r:5, r;6] which,withrhcir1l r rlht rvrlls. tltrs lekc us closc to thc rppcerancc of thc clLlsivc l)r' or,,,, ,,' ,,t_thc clay. _lhcir subjccrs rrld corllPositi(nls sccDr not o bc dcrivccl

6r

Chapter ThreeCLASSICAL


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lronr or inspirccl by thc irntous rvrll p:rintrlgs but possibly lronr snr:rJJcr pancls,or rrc thc peir)tcr's orvlr origin:rl intcrprcrerions ofstorics, pcrhrps nr:Lclc poprrllroD thc staqc- [l:-5] praiscs Erreion, thc playwrighr sol of Acschyltrs. c h:rsscvcrll llrgc tw(rticr calyx cmrcrs irr rcd figurc kro; hc sccnts ro h:rvc'rhouqhtbiggcr'thln his rnastcr, xt lcrst in tcrnrs ofpots ifnot offigLrrcs. Hc is nlrrrcci forthc phialc It:81,:r shapc rlrcly printcd witl] flsrrrcs.C)fthc rhrcc v:rsc-pairtcrs rvho borrorvcd rhc r:rnrc ofthc iinrorrs nrurrlist thclosl prolific stlnds irt thc corc ofr 111:Ljor qroup ofartists. l)()Ly(;N()r()s It2q ,-rdllcrllou,s in thc stcps ofthc Niobicl Plintcr lor his stylc lnd choicc ofsubJCt.llcrdy cr)ouqh o lttcnlpr thc larqcr crxtcrs and onc ofthc firsr to t';rvour thc bclicratcr, lrc ncvcrthclcss docs rrot f


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,,. Nk[ n,rl 'tu lrl t]k lkltiLlt\ L\ti tu1.I:nl,hrr|.' n d nt uln t () litr\D t lhtlo( hli) i\ rl, t thrylhtr I'y th(ALhillt\ IJnt o. Oili t n'1d tlt stl1r1 .i1, (l,tlou irhl) Nolot mtltun l,y rhL.1tltill.\ 1\tnth. /ir d,/J Krfl,d/,,\.

11i Oitt\hrt l') tliA.ltilk htin.'. H. ,J


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t t 1 t \tttrtlt \r\ l,) tlL 1.1rlh \ l\tit at ia (l(li) Ikll .11to by ttu /1thillt\ 1\1itttlt )j (l'th\t) .\turrtus hy tlt . thilh\ l,rntlo

rl1

',t t ) rr hy tht Athillt\ Pdilttd. lh( nntkl,)t ir t lrllrf H. 17 6t rj.6

r ,.J 1-.[),//ror ly /li.,1lil1(\ Pdnttu. H tE.l


35/128


36/128

, tt,tt i.ttt tr.l'y 1lt Phial( Ptilto. 1)d N n l

1)o (ilyx ntL\ hy th. l)hidk Pri It. tltltttt Dir ya, tdktl to Sil r hy c11 $. Ij_ tr.t

1rE Phial hy th. Phial( 1\1i t.r( dht rd\'). Dir .,a.q

trg Sta tu'. Ly ]\lU rt\)J. Krn&JrJ lL J6


37/128

lJo Stan os by l,olyg oo . Dio\horrci_ H. $,

13) Stdnnat by Polyrfiotus. H.tdkles a d tdtyrs

1 i Netk o ryhoru hy Polylnoto\- Antiopc,

t3, B.ll odtPr by Pnllr] alr:. And.on\

'jt Lottrcphorcs hy Palyr ata . Wcdthry. H. 78.1


38/128

ijb P(litu l,y llry(,.roj. I,,,rjr rJ dtr, MrJ,rJdti7 (tu|o ) Hylir h), t\,ly .h,\ tTht^ n d

rr , /f ].,l), ,, '\

rtq Std,n.\ hl th( lrltli hlttu ( rD f, , .Si/.,oJ 1,4o,. lliLl't\. H t7


39/128


40/128

t16 Sta tu)t hy tht Cnti

ta7 lhthu' hli) ,o"t\hy th ()t.(lklni I\i"tttt.tar (b.L\r titht) Nttkdrylrota Ly rlt IlpittthtI\ti ttt. l)t.:tnt n d nrtu

tp t\ltl', hy tlt, 1:l\11" l,' I\1ittt,tl. rhtrl, ,ntJ Nil ti ,, r;,rdr\lto lh l,\r) l\'lil:. I'y tht Ltkro hntkr.O/ysr.,rJ,kr1J t4rlo, nt th. l,it tl Hdlt\


41/128

t_r IJ.ll .ntuhyth Lykaa llli ttt. L)(nth rl',4ktriol, u,ith Ztr,,Lys\t(F'0:y) ndA oti\

| ,i, tiu ht th( (:1ti 1i( t\titrt0 rsa Sn rrdj ol rr'll)/f(rrrd, (;(irl)

t5l BtlL L ttat hy th. Lykn. Pditlt(_ Syhryosrrt toith.qit ud ior dd1|(r rrr ';t.\ i,,/,, \'tlt I ttr.\.n r',tillt,t


42/128

, j,r / l .irrl ,, n, r/ rllI r) rr ,r,, (;rjrl). (;r\,,,,/i,,r,rfZLr:.ttlt,nt

t:,: t 1,,11t1 ,)rt1) '1 h h)l) btr (;r.,f .\,rr,:i(rj, r, Ktttlta t1 &t


43/128

rr iri,|i ,r ii\ r /i ,i) | rn)r /),,i/ il Ji, I

r)r' /)ir,.r,r/ tlr 1\,1)lttrtlt ()idtl, IlL\11,ijt .\ 11.:r rrttttt).

l),t ,irttt ,'l tllt 1)rllllrt ttt ('t.t), .llthrtli t 111'l l)lti11


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ltu (:tlt\ t'dtur lh l\tly t1t( ;t'\t)r llttt t,r'11,/,l,,iinrJ r,r

t( t ( ) y\ innl' rl tht l\l)'.1|ot1rt( )tut) t)\\tti\ r l ltn\ilinr?

tt ti.t rl tlr' lr,i),(,,o,rrr ()ii,/i I ltauyt t ltln,h,l ttn-t Ht,ht ltthrtrt lt. tt t-;

tb.t (:rl)\.t tt il ttu hllt|dnr;ary. lhttt: ml rhL lttll, r'irh.ll{.IJ dr,/ .1/r,/r


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t(,9 ])


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t, iit., h)' tlt KlLitrhrit latiittr

1it t..l t irtt' l)t ttu Klotltrn priltkt ta.a\\irt t.,7,t ttl

r-


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1tt hlitu ht th. Kllnthtu l\ti ttr. H_ t5.(

171 Stnr lo, bt th. l)i r l\1iItt1._t]/at\h0 tlf Dj. ),\t\ t/q Cnty.t olttt' [y tln l)' o\ t\|illlta. .Atdl a Yrydr\ ta' ttu lrrttuat: Hiltldirrt\ r.t.itt:th d )k ltnn [.tu,s .4],h.lit(

t73 Di|o\ ltl n t) n" Pni, o (lL N ta )


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,,\. (.,/f ,r /,, l,) tl 1)iIr' 1\|tLttt l)irtrt,,\

lrll ,)h) l'l tln l)i r\ 1\tiitt,


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Thc Lrr,rrr,r l)^rNlr,a l.?29 r.r7l, contcr)lporlry ofthc Shuvrlov l):rirrrcr Irtrtrrrorc inllucrrri:rl, is rhc nrost iutcrcsting of rlrc cup-p;rinrcrs, :rlthonglr his ir, sr . 1,, r, . rncljn this b,rok, thc corrvctlicncc tirlt clictatcs thc insc,ti(lr1 ofa scParrtc

,, , ,,Lrrr t ofwhitc grouncl vrscs ilr thc tlcxt chaPlcr should not allolv rhc rc;tcicr rt>elld


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rrork ls rror orr cups but on oinochori :rrrrl sorlc inrposile squat lckydloj I2-?q-:Jol uhich ulc pclsurdcd to c.rrrv rrrrlti-figrLrc grolLps up lrd clorvn thc flcl,l.;rncl on occrsion :rrc str-ctchctl to sonrcthrng rcirrcr corrvcrtiorrirl lckytlr,,sploportr()ns, .rs in thc finc cx:rnrplc in Ncu, York [:-1r I rvhcrc l ccrrrrll zone rtwhitc grorncl, lncl tlccorrtcd u,ith el :rpproprietc firncrc:rl thcnrc. Achillc:nrourninq b,v dcrd I'ruoklos rvhilc his Ncrclcl illn s brirrg lrirn frcsh :rrrlorrrovcrsc;rs. _['hc prirtcr dccorrrcs oddcr sh:rpcs too, ligurc r,:tscs rnd hcrrlklnthrroj. I hc cLrps lrc or dirlry in thcir r:lcctxetior. lll athlcrcs or setyrs rvitlrnrrcn:rds, bur his othcr v:rscs hrvc rr goocl rllnqc oinryth lnd rrrarry scctrcs lvitltnorrcn, crrcfirllv oLrscrvcd :rrrd vericd in conrposirion rnd the bchrri,,trrrlcscribc'd. ()n l:.151 l kncc cr.rvcr lirr .,r,ool-rvorking onJy thc nrrrcs rcvculthlr rhc rvctlding prcpir:rtions itrc lil inrrror[lls, not con crnporlry Arhcrirrrs.'I lrc F) ct ir l)airtcr is s()nrcthirlr ofil nlilriaturist en,.l his stylc ofrlr:rlvirrrr is rlolr'inBLrcntjrrl lith succc'ssors in thc flLrrid stylc tlrerr thrr ofthc Shuvaiov l)eirrrcr,ulro is nro:c ccorrorrricll, lcss pltssiorretc.'I'hc (loDRUS PArNrfR l2r, 2ll I is ir cup-priDtcr of djfcrcnt rcnrpcr]l)crt,cxplnsivc :rnd Lrold in clisposrrior of nrrjor nrvth orr rhc conrp:rretiveJy snnllfrcld oliircd. rc:rriy to fill insidcs ofcups l.z4o l, c,rrcltrl with lr;rtonr v rnd postulcfir ;rrhlctcs; olcl-fishiorrctl, rvc nright juclgc, wcrc it not lir tr:tits in drr$ inq,.vhich rr.rkc clc;1r \\,hcrc his u'ork is to bc pJeccd. I k' is strone in sccncs ()l'Arhcns nryth-history l,r-1,1, .u.,ro]. Thc Mattt-av l)AlNUrR's cups. nrorc oltcnstcrrlcss rrou,, .r prcii'rcncc u,hich rvill qrorv, rrc dorri:rltcrl by syrlposil, bLtt lrr.dccor:rtcs hrgc v;rsc1 to() l14-r,:1-J] l d intlulgcs thc rrtorunrcDul, vrrirblclaloulld linc, conrpositions of prcdcccssors. With thc Lro Parrrrn, he :rllou,s'rc\rilc , Srillt Vrlclrrin pittacrDs on o thc oLrlsidcs o1_sorDc cups- Thc eleborltcl.l;4 ] is cxccprionel rr rhis drrc. :rncl l:4-51 lrrs sonre oriqinll u,itys rvitlr ttlditionllHcrlklcs sccncs.

I hc trlclition of thc E:rrly C)hssic.rl sk,vphoi is nrlintlincd trv rhc l)rrrLot,lI'ArNrr,R, ir Ilorrrcrist orr his rrrrrrc vesc [:47] :rnd on rnothcr u,ith Odvsscussh,ving thc suitors l-:+61; :r p:ttriot on otllcrs with urrusurl sccrres of Athcni:rn cultl:;9] rnd rnvrh history (the bLriicling oiAthcts'rv;r1lr by Athcn:r rtrci a strrttl.u.i, l) rcrrdcrccl ir e clignificd sr,vlc. ()n [:191 s:rtyrs intrudc on Ar]rcniln ritull,su.inging .r gi11, .rnd cscor rnq i lilcly, pclh:rps lhsilurrrl, firr hcr secrcd rulrri.treto I)iorryvrs:lt the sprirrg Anthcstcri:r icstivrl. lbc ERr(irluoNros l)rrrrrrr isn.rrrcd firr his trc;lrlrctt ofrrrothcr-Athcnien thcnrc [:-;o], rnd drc I)ArNrriR ()1,TrrF Wun/BUr(i Cl,rnrrr proviclcs err enrusirg cnvoi fbr this ch:rprcr l-:-5r1.Thc problcnr ofclcfinirion bcrr,vccn chrptcrs is ror,vhctc rnorc lantc th;11 hcrc.Sr'vcrll of hc plirrtcr\ tliscusscd rlrcedy hrvc ruovcd t'iom r P:rrthcnt,ni.rnclrssicisnr to r vcrsion ofdrc ornatc:rnd Horici srylcs rvhich typily thc lesr dccadcsoithc ccnttrry (or, rlolc irccllrrtcl,v, irr ternrs ofAthcns'history. thc ycars ofthcr itv r tlccLrc rr,-1 dcti'rr). llcazlcy hinrselfchangcd his nrind ebout r,viro tr> placc98

,,,, i,r,rk thc inrlnr:rtc ccrnncctiotr of Irscs discttsscd abovc rvitlr Printcrsr\ , \ sirvc(l lbr ChlPrcr Fivc.

| | Ltdl d1nd tut' ttu (:h'li t\|iltttt. Sd,rili( rl a ,a t


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t\. Ittll r nt L), th t\ it.t ,j thtL, rtt ttrttturt ,nlt)t\i tl\1, ,) H),tltr L) tlt P|rttr ,ltttt I nt tr tJ t ri rtr ltt I ttlrt\i l)a ht, hi ddr.\:ht.t\ ht ittr rttt,

tF Qtht tt oli ' hy ttu O\tlltr\ htilltt' 19t 1..utrl'h.tr by th( htitt .t.1Lonlo tq. t. Wdnrtr. II :(

Luq Coh M httt hy tfu Nrlh:Ptiittt. Otthu\ d n\tt lt Il a.ir \


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r //y/rid 1,), 11. Nd,iji.ddt ,,r,' ])u (1t\ r d Matlr\r

19a (dhok rnl h(lor') N'r,c[ nnplrorahy nn Nd r\ai 1\1rt0 ( r r'rt\').O,lyrrcas arrl Ararsicna

rys Cal,n"t Mtu hY th.| \6tt:\ I\lutut ( an( rd\().()tt .5 dt D(rlti tuithAprll,tndnl:tttf

r9a H),r/,i r 1,), /1,. Nrrii,zrP.ti|kt- ltla t IIdt[hi dlnlltnk( rith Ahdtil'y.ti,,4th. n, lLhillt\' l,.th Itrhikli d n u|\t

rq5 N..[ dflflr.r, 1,],./r.,Ndtritdo Pai tu

,,, Idil. rl tl1. Poitll& ol fnytttil /07. Binll o1 Ath'N


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2oo CrlLn n tutu lf tltHqhdin.\ I\tiltk t /1d1iIlA

t ii., ht h. Ihthditfu Pnttk\ 2a1 OilnD trtu lry tht D rr Pdintl

)01 (:.ltnfu dlto by tlkLbthdinr\ tali t ])(dth ol

,e O)]M tttut by n4 ,06 l,tlik. hf th Pantkt ttl l\lntrh ).1i5.,44,/1,, MItrIl ,j ',,1 atphon hy nt Pti tu of Ylt,fth 2115 ltnt a1ld


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r., / rl,ri.{,r,il,rJ i,t th ll r'hi .l l\1ii tt

rr r 5,1, , /, Itrrt] /'),tln ll \lintl l\ritttl

t,lt[t in ttu , rr' "1 ttu t1 ttlti .r hi .t. HtrLlt: )t.i &lil ht ttu Hr\\htut I\1i'tt(. llrrrrt l,lr i|t

t'' Llrl,l,) rlt, )t tlrrttl'rit,t ll tl

2 'o Hll,ii hl tht lltn\ltrt l\1i"ttl

,t5 Irkytltrr h) tlI Kfu tlPri ht l.l.i .ttJ ..1 uri\


56/128

tt .t -..t. 1,.1,.., .l /),r.. \ - . l, ,_-- Il\itith , - 1,1t l,i ,\\l

,tti 11.11 tuntt b) tht Rt)t1,\,l\r td'. D t hrnt r'itl1ti lh.lrt) ItLll nnttt ht Il\,1tl|lltt' lt,t i ttl- lrtt'tt1',r jiat\ t t\nilt. t),'l (ln,, , /ltt


57/128

ztt llLll tLt Lt Iy tfu li1],rli\ htiltnt

,2o (rhrk r l l4i)Oi .,1M I'y th( i\h 1tll,:n ]\ino-t)t^it l:rt - H 1).+

,19 ()i rlh& l,j th l\ld tlt.rti 1\littttt' lI- r) ) | ) tirtltrL hy nl Shrnl')r Pai to hr anl Knnn' 1l' :t s


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2,?7 s.lrdt l.kythrs. H- to 1 2s Ork\h.( ()ort af ttu l)$ut\ l)ttt., ( atu oa ),1./.r ds /tjdir /i nr{.r'(alntt alrl h(h\r t4i) sq,nt Ll:vtha\ hf ttu t"tu'ttid htit(r Ana:otorutltv |ith 7tus \'

:t1.1 (ti{ht) lrk),tho\ (tot) nn.t.Ll) by tltt Llfthir Pditt.t.,ti t'lt-t .:t, .rt 1r ).",./' '.xr. tt "tt t 4lr'1,, ,t,,t,1.11 t t'l'l. R't ",1tt-.1r-"tt',,29 Sqtut Lkytlk, hf th Ltuttii laiinlo. Dit \,\)\ d n .onpa i tr


60/128

z.'t 11,tul \:tt.t

,.i) I'illi) ,l rylori\Lr hy th. lt.nja t\li 1t,. 11. 1s t.tt lilrn') Oi rtltu l)), ttu tttt'ir ]\ljt t'. 11,r,al),.trr, /)n rt )J' , rjl nt I likn. ttit rttilj lfut)

.i, O,.J /r'j,,tr r.,) by th. Er(tti1 lalitttt' Ptu1)d'dtir l,\ l,dliirs' )lltni'' Ihtt r i't


61/128

:t(' ( itli l,.t 11n l)ttttir l',rrt,,2t; t:tt, l)) tlt. l)1ttit l\utrt,,Ln,.r ,rr,/.\1.r,, .J

);o ()tt, ltt tln (),tl'n'l,r,tttt l)l ttl r,rl


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11 t,t L _ \t t.] .tl ..

| \ t t lt) ttu C)\htt\ l)dittttr- H. il.-)

t1(:dlyx.tdtu hy tlt Mitld)' Pri'|t.t


63/128

't .,-.', . .-111 t,- t, ,t \t.,t t- 1..|__t..'-- ],|tt., t,]t -," I, I n:_.- 11. t_,.t..r,t t

. :r)t(rl 1)tlrt ti nr tt tl tlj :.,t,

tt '. t Cnlt by tn tlrurnl ,'1 tltir '.\{ 'f .ltull'tln1tt t\l t\ i\ u t\ti 11 H'|o


64/128

:jt t:)t)) hl tlt l\ti|tl r.l l.ritlrlt 1: t.t lu, Iltnl.t\ t ,l tltl li." I,Il.t,ltLt,ltjtl jlk l,i

i.ri St)rrlr.j /rI ,r, Pt tl')t( l\)i n\ .1,1\'tu1.f d n'ltt iln"il (),/tj ,, ,un/ rA nur, htYkltit

r.rs SlftJ,iJ h), ,rr I11 /,,1,rl\r tu 1tfurt tltd n lir)n

Chapter FourWH ITE G ROUND AND LEKYTHOI


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ttu l\1tL\\' Pniittl

t.l, ,Llrcr lll whltc slolu)d vrscs nor rll lckythoi ofrhc por,t-Ar.h.lic pcn()(l ilr('I , L:sserl in thrs chitptcr', brrt tlrcrc is goocl rclson firr rhc title. In thc [iurlyr r'\i.xl pcriocl thc \\ itc glorrnd rcchricluc:urd lckvthos shrpc u,crc cspcci:rllyL..,,,r.ltcd. illthoLrqh thcrc \\crc othcr sh.ipcs s lll [rcirtg c]ccorltcd irr rlfritcr,,rrd,notrblycrrpintcriols,er)dlltcrcrnrcthcbigc:rl,vxcrlrcrsbythcl)lrillc',r rt,.r lr:,;, r26l; scc (lheptcr '['rvo rrrd thc u,ork of thc Vil].r CliLrlla,l'.r()\crros, ;rrr.1 Terquinir p:rinrers :rud Sot:rcles. A:rcl ir tlrc lllrly (illssicll1,, r oLl nrost lergc lck,vtltoi r.c srill red hqur-c, bur thcrc is.rirc:rclv.r rrr()vc t()'r rIc rv]ritc grouncl lckythoi cspccirlly hrr burirls enrl to dcco:-rtc thcrul.l,r()prilrcly. Mosr cerlicr lckythoi corrrc flortt brrttels, of c()Ltrsc, bur \\,cr rot bc srrrc thitt thcy rvcrc:rll ,,,ldr lor brrrixls llld thcrr clccorltion is lr thlc,,r othcr shrpcs. This is truc in thc Lrrly (illssical pcr iod for thc rvork ofscvcrelr 1r\t\ \\'lro uscd whitc uroLrnd quitc frccly, sr.rch as rhc Itorvdoin, Aischincs lllcl( Lr lsnrhc pirnlcrs ((iheptcr 'I u,o). I'ronr thc Clessicrl pcriod on to thc cnd ofL , tilih ccrrrury thr'tcchniqucrr virtrr;rl1y rroropolizecl by rhc shrpc. xnd uftcr,' tirlrc of thc Achlllcs P:rurtcr, thc lcrcling Cl:rssicul prrctitiotcr, thc strbjcctr rrtcr is lrc.rrly illwivs liurcr:rrv or intclligiblc irr rcinrs oifuncr.rry iconoqrl-1,1rr. u,hich wc scc rlso ort grivcstorlc :cliciir. llut tllc grrvcstoncs ilrc, L irll)lclllor;rtivo rD:lrkcrs. whilc rhc lckythoi rccord riturl it thc gritvcsidc, orI rcprrl.iolr frrr ritu.r1, or thc rlytholog,v ofriclrh. VirtLr:rllv rll cr:rnrplcs ofthctLrrrcrlr,v lckl,thoi corlrc lronr Athcns.rnci Attic:r, or liorrr Erctr-i:r irr Euirocl.rr lrcrc nrlny Athcrrirrs h:rd sctlcd in thc uricl fit'ih ccntury. As .r 'titual' ty pu rtr\,rs D()t lirr gcncrrl cxport artl li'rv rc;rchctl orhcl prrts of(ircccc or- Itrlv; werrLry usrellv slrspcct \\,hcn thc'y clid thar thcrc w;1s \ornc stronrr rDd pcrsonll\thcri.rn irtcrcst. A ii'u, plxces tlid, howcvcr, copy thcnr.Arch:ric usc of wllrtc srolrld. hrr bllck or rcd tignrc. hus bccn clisctrsscd,'iscrvhcrc(norrb1y,'111/rtlpp. roJ a). r rl 4, r.+7 io, rgotorthct:rlscintcrir,rsrrrr.ur,v lckvthoi. llrrkirts thcir rcrl crprcity lirr lcss th,ir1 rhcrr;rpP;rrcrrt c:rpirLrty;rrd,11?ts1l Ipp. r7 r8, r.2. l, a)r, I r,+, u: .r, r9, I9r). Uscd for irlibrstn, thcl hrrc groLln,:1 irrrit:rtcs thc stonc vcsscls tll.tt tllc shlpc copics; (nr orhcr shrpcs thcirrrpir.rtior rrr.rv bc diil'crerrr. Ir rcscnrblcs thc ground uscd fit f;tirrrccl u ooclclfxncls (thcrc ilrc c,lrl,v cxernplc's ofrvhirc erorrrrrl cley pl:rc1ucs,.{1lII/ I-/r'qs. 5-t1):rrrrl rrr litih-ccntrrry vlse plintrns u,c pcrh:rp\ c()rlc closcst t() thc rppc:rrrlrrcc,rt thc uork ofnlur:rlilts rnd plncl-p;rinrcrs ()r) thc\c whitc,,rscs, cspcciallv in

zja t\lik li), ttu ltrnhl|nitt t\1i fut. Atl tr a tLirhrhatti,t:. H :(.5

t29

thcir use ofcolorrr, which wes gcncrally abjurcd in dris pcriod for thc essorti.rllybichrorrc rccl figurc.'Ihc firsr whitc ground )ckythoi arc decoratcd in silhouctc bllck figurc brrrlatcr sorlrc;rrc p:rintcd in 'scrnl-outlilrc' (ABFLI fi1. -u69) encl I rvholly orrtlirrctcchnique soo)r appc:rrs too (ARFII I lt1 rhi' tinrc rol,,ur rv.rshcs;ur.

,lr nLqhtsnran l-rut shou,s sorl)c vilricty ancl inraqi:ration in display of torlr['r,r.nLlrrcnts llld thcir dccordtiolr. His \\'orkshoP is srill busy through lhcI s:rcll pcriod.I 1r is rs thc point at rvhich to spcak ofthc subjecr rlrxttcr ofthc whitc lckythoi.


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lty.:ro).bcing addcd (ibid.,./ig. : o7) and rhcsc rcmain e fceturc ofell latcr work cxccpt rl)(rlost pcdcsrrian. Ihc colours, though trsrrally lirccl otr (scc Chlptcr Elcvcrr),havc oftcn dis:rppcarcd lcaving a not urrtttrilctivc trxnsparclrt r'flcct or drapcry:this wts ccrrainly a clclibcrerc intcn iotr on sontc vascs, to judgc by tltt..rrretonricel dctlil trcncadr thc colour. Thc lincs :rrc irr thc fanrililr gloss or 'gllzr,p:rint ofrccl figtrrc brrt oftcn thinncd, giving a plcasing honey colour. lly thcClassicll pc'riod thc gloss peirrt is bcing rcpleccd by ntltr colorrrs for thc iincs,fircd on but nrorc fugitive. Thc grcaccr ranirc ofothcr colours (somc put on llicr.6rirrq,;rncl rlany hcavicr, likc rcmpcrl) havc also provccl vulncrablc to tinrc arrrlburial (:rnd ovcr-cnthusiastic clcaoing), as hrs thc whirc qrountl, which rcnds t,rlosc its lirrc gloss and is oficn vcry powclcry pcrlraps a bcttcr basc for colour.Sirrcc thcsc v:tscs sccl)r to hrvc bcL-r dcstincd lor btrrial or dcdicarion eftcr buri;rlrt rhc sravcsidc rirc-y wcrc nor iDtcndcd ro bc crrjoyccl by nrortal cycs lbr long.;lnd iDlpcrnr:l11cD ccchniqucs would uot havc sccnrecl objcctioneblc.Thc slrapc is cylindrical (so ir is possiblc to rakc rollccl-our pJrotographs ofthescorcs, somc of which rrc usccl hcrc)- lr w.rs dcvclopcd by thc crrd of thc sixtlrccntury, :rnc1 thc'rc rrc sonrc trivial varients with t:rpcrinq lowcr wllls orplumpcr boclics. Thc'squar lckythoi', wirh fcw cxccptions, do rro attr:tct rhcwhi[c qround or thc fullerary dccorttion. S]rouldcr decoration is as that orrcrrlicr lckythoi (notably thc latcsc black-figurc) but rhc Early Classicel pcriorlirrrroduccs a ncw pelncttc typc.,vitlt sparsc, spirrdly lclvcs, sontc outlincd orrvrsh-Iillcd, lllcl soon to bc rordcrcd in ntatr colours. Sornc of ttrose rrtrsts irrwhosc work lvc scc bcqitrrring thc clranec frorl) loss to Dlatt outliDcs for fi{ur,:srrL'thc oncs who elso introducc rhc frmcr:try sllbjcct nlattcr, but tllc oldcr-f;lshionccl kccp to thc g)oss paint outlinc's and usc'sccond whitc', as do thc bcttcr.Clessic;rl paintcrs, to disrirrguish r",,onrcn's flcsb tionr thc tricksrouncl whitc(sottc b)ack figr-rrc arlists working orr whitc ground answcrcd thc sunc problcrrrin thc srnrc rvey). Thc llcldenr lrlirtcr pracriscrl bl:rck- arrd rccl-figurc arrd brciinrrodtrccd rhc filsc inrcriors to lckyrhoi (ABFIl pp. r,+9 50, r90): thcTIM(JxnA S l']aruun [z5zl lus rcd-figurc pallncmcs on shou]ders and uscs r'sccond whirc', as docs rhc PAtNrrR ot ATIENS r826 lu-53]. Thc Sauounorrl),rrNrrn [:-5.1 256] was obscrvccl in Chaprcr Two for his plcntiful rcd-figurcrvork [5 r ,5.2 ], nrainly on cLrps, but r)1ost oflris lckytlroi arc rvhirc grorrrrd (lnd ct'.thc cup l,;-7]) and rvith funcrtry sLrbjccts, sonrc rhrec-qutrrcrs ofthcnr wirh nrrttou lincs. Othcr Ear)y Classical p:rintcrs worth a lncrlti()n lrc drc lNsr;nrprloNl'arrrrn [257i, rvho puts dot inscriptions on somc of his gravestoncs; lncl thcTyMRos I'ATNTER l25E 260). a prolific crlfrsrnar who rn()ves lrorrr I yellowislrq1r)ss pirint to r nr:ltt rcd gcncrrlly withour othcr colour. Hc is not I cercfult30

\\'Jren uot firncrary, es is stil) rhe c:rsc quitc oftcD bcforc thc rnid ccr)rury, subjcctsiL r cpctitivc, worncrl and youths, rrrcly rnorc. Thc fi.rncrary subjccts, $fiich arei ( | to thc cnd ofthc ccntury, incluclc a fcw with eppropriatc Drythicrl contcnt

.r , lr rs Slccp ;rncl l)c;rrh (Hypnos :rnd l h.natos) rcn)ovire a body l,t7l, z7-5l, orrlr( li'rrynlrn of thc clcacl, a shirggy, rusric Charcn with lris polc and pturt l-259,aJ, 2Zd, 2,J21, rcccivinq thc dclcl, sonrctinrcs lronr Hcrmcs (as p-,yr/roporttpo-r,,.,Jcr ofsouls l:551), hcrc in a suernr ofnridgc-1ikc winqcd souls (tidola, c[-';91); thc Jlst h.rvc pcrhlps bccn dcnicd prssallc ovcr thc Styx lhcy rppcxr on,,rlr(r occirslolls [:74] and somc rlllkc nrourniDg lrcsturcs. O11 l:6ol Flcrrncs

, ,,r1urcs souls into ancl orrt ofa pithos. Oforclintry fttrrcrelsccl)cs thc lilying-outi/r,)rii.ri{; ,4BFHpp. r j r4,,4RFHI.li.(. I4r) sonlclinlcs .ppcrrs {2,561 (cf. [2.rI]. lrcrc tlrc protlrcrir of Petroklos lppcars on whitc groLurd) but commonly rhc, i rtrcpiccc is:r tonlb rlronurrcnt shown in a grclt varicly offt)rnls gcncrally e1, I.rr (-vc/r), sorlctinrcs morc like an rltar, or r gravc-rllouDd. TIlis is,,, rirsionally dccoritrcd with sculptnrc lz73l or roppcd by aD :rppropriatc objcctL, up I2-t71, lyrc lz54l, loutrophoros [.:67], ccc.), iurd is oftcn ricd erouDd withtrllcts errd with o1Icring vascs surnding (or brokcn) on rcs stcps. Marblc gravcrrLrnunrents only appcllr rgrilr in Atric ccrl)ctcrics ftom iL)out 4lo on (CSCPp-s-l) but h()sc shown on carlicr lckythoi lrc rcal crr()uirh arld rrally rrustr(prcscnt wooclcrl 1)l(rlunicnrs. Letcr stclai havc acanthus ort'ttt11c:nt1276,277,'f.7l. ()nc, trvo or rnorc l:llilrrcs strrid by thc qrrvc lncl sirrcc :rt lcast onc ofthcrrrr\ r cgulirrly shown carrying an offr'ring (:l Lrox or fillct) wc n)ry txke this to trc ar isit to thc tonrb on or)c of rhc prcscribcd occltsions aftcr buri:1l- Sornc figurcs,.r'.rrccl or slanding, sccnr irlcliffclcrlt lo rhc procccdiDgs lnd it is nrtural to assutncrlr.r tlrclc rDiLy rcprescDt thc dcad but it is susyricious lhat rhcrc is rlo unifornlr.olloqriphy to idcntify thcn). Mxny of thc vascs drcnrsclvcs wcrc pul lrl or1)rntrs at thc rirrc ofburial, thc oii havirrg pcrhrps bccr Lrscd ir) thc ritual; wci.n


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- .Wc firintcrs. tllr il)aeption ()l tlIlirll Cllesricrl sty1c. lhc Acrrrr.Ifs l),\rN.rrR lz6t :6;l ts rhc perlqorr' wc lr.rr,sccn hls rcd-frsrrrc iu ohlprcr 'r'rucc lrog r,,tl.Mosrofhiswrritrlrckvrh,,rtr,,,,,tlrc old aloss plirr r ou tLncs. usr)g ;r 'scconcl r,,,liirc., irncl thc, ur,rjorltv dl rrot h ,, ,tirrrcnrrl rullccrs. brrt quicrlv rlourcstic groups, rnistrcss er,rlin,rij, r c1cpe, r,,,,,u,;trrior l:6;, :6-s l, cvcrr r)r ),rhi.:ll such :r\ rlrc Mrrscs on HcLkr)r) J?(l21. A Il bu I I lr,LLrr h.rrt sul.te.rr rrhr,h rccrn.rplropnitrc to rhc on)b,:rrr11 virtuullr,;rll w,.r,I, 'rrrr,I rr. r, rrrI''. I,rtr - ' I r . . . . . r . . r I . , I r r Ir r,r ,,r .l* u lr. rr. l, rlru r jri, I rr,,rl,r..rr.lnl:nly c:trry lrl()-{ inscriptions u.hich sccr:r sontcholv tD;tppropriurc o I solcrrrrrofii'rine. so r,r,c nr;ry het bour rcscrvrtiors ilbout rltc flutcrery i,ttcrrr ofo/l r,,,lr,r,lckvrlroi fionr thc nud ccnrurv ou_ His prrpil. hc pHt^l F I)AlNr.r.t1 lr6b, -)(,t1.(lccor:rtcd rr,hrrc Ir.orrrrLl critrcrs l?2,r, r:6i.rrid l fl,rv r,r,hit,., ickyrhoi, wirh r..rtlrr rrrxxe cxprcssivc fiqurcs thrn his lrtstcr's. Mlny othcr spc,cirlisrs irr lvltrr,.lekythoi ofrhc Cil:rssic,i pcriocl h.r'c bccrr idcrrriflcrl. l,hc l,arrrlr or M.Nr( ,r-l-lj i16r'l rlso.r,rorkcd irr rccl ti{urc l-u r-s]; rnorc rlcclic:rrctl 19 thc shepc rrrr,ltcchntrlLrc lrc tllc ll()5AN(.)ultr l)arNr.rrr l:69, :7ol anrl rhc .l,uA\At.()s l)AtNu l[:7r,:7:], both conlpcrcnt irrrjsts still Lrsiirc nrairrlv qloss Plirrr oLrtlirrcs, errrJ tlrr.tlrorc rrrodcst (irr cor:tPctcncc errcl qcrrcrrlly iD sizc of vcsscl (lcc-oriltr,tl)(f,uaDlaII l,arurr.rr l:7-lJerrcl lJrlD prrrrr rr lz-Jl. rr.,,rkrnq Ir.rrnl\ rvrrir nr:rrrp;lint o,tli,cs. l'hc lxtrcr pro'idcd rrrost .fthc,clcvcrr lckyriioi fir..cl i, e si,{1,.sitrcophitgLts.lt Anlvy\os il] Atticl; thr \.rrtrt) ,,fsLrt,1..r, lI rhL aruuD scclrl l()rcdcct.. rhc llck of clclibc,tc chorcr t,,r .[p,,rirr,r,l rh.r.,,r.]u.1.,1.,,"r,,, .,torrrb ',r'rrh wonlcr, or it yoLlth rncl ., ,r,,,,,.,,,,,rt.,r \\..rrlr(,r .rurl .r wonrun, or(lhrron rrd r wonllr irrdic:rtin,r rL..rrlt ucrrhcr .r \\.rrrrLJr \ sr,rvu r)()r .r\\, r'r. r . t.r\, ,tlt.. \\ \ ,,t rlr,. ... rrrrl ,,,..u1.,.llt .r.r, rr,,r l,r...rr rr,..,1.,1 .Lr tltc letcr yc:rrs of rlrc tcrtury thc fiDcr lckytlroi lrc larqc, rll tlccor:rtc.l i,,nlr1tt oLlrlincs lnrl riclt il] colour. fhc lr.tists br: rry tltc sarrrc Dcw.irrtcrcsts rrrclruing rs tltcir rctl flqltrc cor tctu porrt ics, such Ls (rn.c shrll scc) rhc Mcirti,r,l)itiDtcr. LrLlt their (lillcrcIrt rcndcting of t'irrnts. both ;rnurortricel eIld rlrcss.'rrggcst ,r d rBi rcrrr '..h,,r,lrn{. pt rh rps rnorc clirccrll. infltrorccrl bv st,,,lcs on v,,ells.rn.l p,rrtrlr.,rnJ rvtrh r l.,rsirrrely s.ulptural rir to ntrny ofthcrr.,flr" W,,"nr.Ll)AtNtriRl-?76,rZJ otli.rslrcev,v,hurclr,,r,rr trrrrr.,llrcr,'r.rnrcrl fi,r thu t r.1n6y ,,1his .,r'ontcn)..Tlrc llft,l) I)ArNTlt J?7,\, jTgl prints srtrtllcr. pr>orcr vitscs. s()l)r(.rvith tht'r'ccd_v sctrirq oflhc Stvx ro givc h]nr his nlrrc, br.rt is o:rc ir J hrscrOtroul ll(cccl) u hich inclu,.les hncr l.rr {c r .rscs, hi,jhlr t xprtssrr. t. ru tigurc, poscrr.lJi...rrr,.l1r,,,..rr.{r,rr,.rnr,,1,.r.1.,rr,r.,r,r,,1,.i,...,'1,,,,,,,..,,,,pr.*i.,,,*rir .lr.rrvrrs , ,fv,nt c tl , L I r t I I - L (. I ) r r.r I y v:rscs. Finrllv, tlcrc urc rLrrvlr,iuq fi,,.c rrUr;r,lcLyrh,,r J:r+1. up r,i.1 rrtrrc hi{lr, \,vith dcrecLrblc lips. p.rirrccd rli,,vhjrc lrr,lrlccor.rtcrl irr .t uJrollv 'plirrrcrly' st,vlc ofc,rlur, ,rrrtc, tlrlt ,,1ust cop). thc prncl-132

,l , ,,. l9os,.r,iiring oi'thc bcst ofprirrtcrs. l'\'ho Printsrl,,,l, rLi (lircs99'1 6). Wcdorrotknorv rvhythc rvhitc firrrctilr,v lckvthoi wcrc,,, ,,,,gc,,rre.lcllicrebotlt4oo.bLlttlicrcwcrcorherclityoil_vascsrvlrlch'ouldI iircir plrcc its o1Icril)qs, th()tlgll lronc cxprcssccl thcrr Plrrposc so,,', ,rhiguoLrslv ir thcir dccolltion ls tlirl thcir wl)ilc qrounLl prcdcccssors'

'.1,i;$fi

i ,llrro, lf rri '/ ,,.(',nr,'J :s; Lrl,lrlto. /,1 rh t'ri1tr. ttf.'t hdt\ 1t2(' ]1 t1


68/128

.._:*E/ i| -t ).: .--.'. ..),

.snbon,ll Pdihk\. ILe

1 rrllroi 1,1, rlr. I {tltia Pdnlkt II. 1aI r )rri\ Irli. 'l yntl\\ ()t.rt)- H. ,,.,

tt i.ttlr'\ t)l ttu lyntrt;tory. (li,r,, r,,iJ.rrl H tro.xt | )t|n\ t)J tlt 't\. ho\ Cfutq. ilrurr arrl urlr

:56 Lrkythot b1, ttu Sahow{l t)att.t t+othj

)j: I1k)ahoi h)' ttu Salttunll l,rt o_ Iltalrt Chnt\\1, \\t\ rt 1,1.)thr 1,y ttt, 4 htlL\ ll tn


69/128

ra: Lr"r),/iro' lrt tlit ..ltltill\ lj,tirtLt..\ltt 11t Ihlttra

:t.j LLlytltr h), tlt, A,ltillt\ 1' tht j65 L.Lytho\ by ttu A.ltill.t Pdi er

,rt Ll ylb, h), tlt, ldrll^ ?nrtt, t t,l,t.)th..t) th, lt,t.l. l".t.t ll,..- r.,l ""'a,


70/128

2O liLythr. l)y fu lrhiiL l\itt. tr6,r /_rl),r,dr ht tht ),h.tu rl Mt itlt );1t (:ttaku

tit Lt[ytho: by tfu Ihrnn.\Pai nt.Sh\ln d. i ttthr l,) th( ltu\rtqRt 1\ri,trt

.i69 ltk)th.' lty tlr Ba tqnt I'di tttttL),n..\ by ni Tlturnto: ]\ti kr


71/128

:/-: LtIythrt tul tli Iltr,, r\ 1\trltr 271 L.tl:\/11\\ l,t tlI BLI l),)n i

n lti)tli, ' 1) th tt itlttl'tittrt :li l.rllthr it tllt rrrlt' r1 tltt ll',r r l\tilttt

zii Irl),tlt.J l)l tli Qr\tlt t pri tt. Shtr nrtl Dtttll r ' l ),tli, hy tht t?&l t\trlttt (:hatol


72/128

i,r1 iIJl(. I-rI),/r r. H 9j

279 Itl:) h.\ hy th. lln\l l),tirnl2r, /,i(,r/l 1-.1,1,/ro, ,r'Cr,rirli ll,r,r, 1l,rl,,r, /-.1),r,.r,, (;0rj, /?

2,\'r /-.4),//roJ /i. r, C,o,it, R

Chapter FiveLATER CLASSICAL I

trr rrrL. Lrsu:rlly disposcd irr rcqistcrs tllhough tllcrc rrc I fcw clistingtlishcclr., r1,lcs of n)olc llou,jn r arrd wcll-knir c()rnPosilions then wc hrvc scctrrLrlr, rr(J lrt7, ;941. k is unlikcly tllat lhjs rtrarrncr was still livotrrcd by nr{orl, ,Lrr\ .rn(1, ro jttdgc fronr dcsr:rlptiorls of thcir work, hcy wcrc llow

, ,,,, , r rrc,-l r'r'irh r)orc uniflcd Perrcl conrPosiritltrs on rvhich rhcy clcploycd rrcu'Hcrc thc vlsc-peintcr could not


73/128

'I Icrc rlso drcrc's bclury: thc glcenr ofgolcl, lovcs rnd lrtlics rvith sofc limbs. irrsot't rrinrcnt, ard lrll thirt is shirrin 1, c.tscful :tDd luxLlriorrs: pcrfunrc, houcy urrtlroscs, tlll thc hcrlt ionlrs lor rvhlt is frcsh, pungcnt, arcl harcl (llc:rzlcy)- Evc tlr.icslhctc c.rn tincl thc rnood oftlrc Mcidils Pljnccr's vascs too cloyirrg lncl cllitr,,but the'rich'()r"orn:i c'stylc ofthc liltcr fifdt ccltrrrry hls rnnch co tcll oftlrr'socicty which it scrvctl lrlcl rvhich crcrtcd it. _fhc srylc oD pottr'rv rcletcs c:rsily r o\\'orks in othcr, Dlajor rrcclil, und hcrllcls rhc l:rst phJsc ofAftic rccJ figurc, wltcrrtl)c cmtt ibrlicrtccl any clrir:rs it oncc had to bciug:r nr:Ljor art and bccrrrr,rvorkrnlnlikc, sontctintcs 1l:rshy, blrt no lcss inforrnltivc ind cngilqinq th:ur ilhetl trccn in cxrlicr Llays.'['his chlprcr c:rrrics thc story throueh thc hst qulrtcr ofthc fifth ccntury un,lon irrto rhc l7os. Mid\\:rv. in 4o4, Athcns rcknowlcclgccl dcfc'lt iu tlrcl)cloporncsiln Wrr. lucl thcrcaltcr rcliccl lor its rcpurrrion ;rrtl srarcling rrr(i cccc rlorc or nrcrr or y ofits irnpcrill plst than on ils rcal powcr to influcn.r.rtl:rirs. Thc orn.ttc stylc in vesc-p.tincing llotrrishccl ir dtc ycers preccdirrltAtlrcrrs dcfi'rt, e pcriod irr u,hich tlrc city rv;rs bclclgLrcrcd by borh cncnrics rrrLlpl:rglc. t-ifc'hrcl ncvcl irr livrns ntcnrory (,,vlrich is rtrr corrrrrccl) bcct so squ:rlirlrrrrl hopclcss, but orr thc stitqc thc cor)ric pocts uDcrrillqlv \itiriTcd thc city'spoliticirrrs lnrl coutrscls, errcl tontc urtisrs ar lcest fcrund it rhc rirrc to (lrlw tlr(.tcctl) fronr rhc srr,:rgc-ry ofboth liii';rncl thcir trlclition:rl nryth-itspircd strblccrnr:lttcl. to fintl pt':rcc irrtri prontisc cvcn in rrlcs ofslanghtcr, to drvcll on:r lilistvlc rcvcl quirc kno\,11 or crjovccj on clrdr, but surcly carncstly drciu)lccl ()fin:l ai ) whosc gicrrrring ncw rrr,rrblc rcrtrplcs u,crc sintply I rcnritrclcr ofl gJor-ywhich hlLi so soori plrsseci. Afrcr dcfc.rt. thc chasrcncd Athcns ilnd thc clcclinir{crrfi of vlsc peiDrillg clicratcd a lttorc sobcr irtr(l lcss .trtrbirions :rpproach by tlrr,puinters ro rhcir uork, though sornc wclc crprblc still ofproducing nrasrcrpicccs, rn(l eficr the I llos e onr:rrc ,itylc lingcrs :rnt1 cvcn llourishcs rgri for rrspcll to lightcn thc hsr chys offiqurc drarving on Arhcnilrn vlscs Our nc\lchrptcr). Hcrc, wc hirvc flrst to chtr:lctcrizc tbc ()rniLc srylc ofrhc lrttcr fitil)ccntury, thcrl look :rr rhc rvork of thc Mciciils Pli fcr ind his circlc. at solr)rilltists u,ho in thc silruc pcriod kccp ro srtrrclicr, olrler stylcs, thct a thc succ.ssrr,lir r r() thc lbrlrth acntury.Thc np/clorvn corn positions ofthc Chssicll nrrrr:rllsts qrlcc thc firrcr vescs, thr.r44

rl r rrr slriclinq, clli;1r()sctrro.trrrl pr-rspcccivc.r.. lr tirllou,, but thc I)olygnotlrr rrrLlrrls wcrc thcrc still to bc a,-lnrircd lncl thc\ r, llintcrs hlrl cvolvcLl thcir o$'l) trrtlitiorl of dc:rling with sccllcs irr .rL' rlr.rr:lblc rritllllcr.Lr LnrliviclLrrl 6r:urcs thc Arch:ric rrrcl Clltssical pertc'rn of lincar corrtritst,r, rrrl by thc usc ofintcnsc rclicflirrcs bcsiclc palcrdcr;ril lincs is 1;lrgcly l()\t irr,, 'rrrrplcr liDc clrewin a which is Dcvct;ts cnlphrtic, artcl which is varicd llreirrlyl,r rri rv irrtcrcst in Plttcrrr orr circss rnd bol(lcr Lrsc ofilddcd co)our rncl gilcling.\r . r,rnr,v is skctchcrl rithcr rhau shlrply dc6nccl. Thc Iincs arc oiicn short and,, rrr hLrrricd, ycl rhcy sLlccccd irr inrplrting i llcw scllsc ofrotrrlrdity' ald rhc

,,, r 'rr cl oiclrru,ing corrrcs vcry closc r() lhr: clicct achicvccl by rclicfsctrlPtLlrc ofr, ,l,rv. 1)cpiction ofposc, rclaxccl ()r:1ctivc, is;rcc()lllplishcci lld convin(inq.,, n in thc hlrrds ofthc po,.rrcr rrtists, eld lirnbs arc rcelistically forcshortcncd;L. (lrlrrtcr :rrc1 liont:rl fi'alurcs rclllain cxccptional brrt posrng lro rcall,,,lrlcr:rsoirlcli:rc:ttiorr.Thisislnrlnncrofclrauitrgrtrwhichthcstrictlyprofilcrr,rr lirr figurcs ls botrncl still r() bc Prcfcrrcd. I hir is llow showrl ir1 scPilrrtcr, r,,,ls, rveshcd ovcr, arrcl rrot ;ts :r bl:rck nrass cxccPl o1l lhc Po()rcsl works or ol)ir, l.t \, fiqurc\ thet Llccor i c thc backi of lrarly vascs. Oll drcss, closc-set lillcs arcl, .rt e(l o cnlpl)ilsizc rhc coDtotus of dtc firrttrs bcncath; thc lincs lrlay lor bc,, L\tic bu thc swccpillq rrcs tcross r thigh or:rrnr vcry wc11 convcy fornr jn ihc

rIrcr thrt wc lccol]Irizc rcrdily irr sctrlptLrrc, rrotxbly irr lhc pcciirDcnts ofthcl'rlhcllor) (o1 thc 43os; CSCP,hgs.79, 8o), x]l(l [hc'trirr]spxrcrrt' cllccl ofthis,, rrriquc is cchocd too orr lttcr rclicf sculplLlrc, sllch ls lhc bllustradc k) lhc'.1rlr'Tcrnplc orr rhc Acropolis (>f tlrc4ros; ibid.,-/iq. r ro). Prttcnr ol dr' r' isI Lr,tclv l nratrcr ofbroed hcnls ofrrys or hooks. sor:rr:tiltlcs sprcadill l ovL-r thc" r,,lc qernrcnt rvith s .rrs end 6otcrs; this is rllost ofrcll sccn on Post Mcidirrt,' ,,r ks, into thc fburth ccntury. Stripc-s ofwesh on thc frrlds nray binr et shedow,jr r .rrc rrrc. (lilt rclief clcleil bcconlcs irrcrcasingly collllll(rl oll lhc lllorc,lLborrtc veses, lir itc-rus offtrrniturc, wrc:ttlls, rvirl gs, jcwcllcry. Thc Chssicll,, r r,rel h:rd trcgutr to trsc whitc on figrrrcs of woulcll or Eros ancl lhc Prit ti( r.rL'ws, c rbrrtaing horscs and frrrnittlrc, lcnding thc sccncs a rathcr gxrish,, Lrdo-polychroInc itltpearxncc, Probebly thc ncxrcst thc lrail)lcr collld lact tor r'r'ericty ;rrrl colotrr of tlrc pancl-plintcrs Thc Mcidian vilscs ilrc, ilowcvcr,

r,,rrlcst iI thcir trsc ofthcsc cnlbcllishrl)cllts. Lrt cr, cvcn nlorc colour crn bcL,lrrrrttcd, nor:rbJy ycllorv, or ycllow strcakcd ovcr with brown, bluc and pi11k.\\rhitc qrorrr)cl vescs (ltst ciraptcr) cnjoy aD cvcn brordcr prlcltc trr)lil thc cnd ofrlr. acr1tuly. Of shapcs, tlrc bcll cratct contcs t() lltill rsccndallcy ovcr oiher,, r rrrs ofcreter. bnt lll clrsscs conrirluc to bc' nr:rdc, thc varicry clwincllirlg in thc

r4J


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75/128


76/128

r.\,r ()irr /r, l,) /h tl, i,li,,' l)tiiitt) l1 rturai) tl.tlii (Lr,,i,r t, rs,).r .1ttli, t,tL, ttt,l .trlt,tt,r r//i,/i (i,rrrr'

, t,/)) lri.rfl,lt,,,r,, Hrr,ri./l rrrJ \lr' trt t t:rl ht l,A/ifr,d,,. I/i,rL/,. Jrri Nf',,'l


77/128

)r1., L.\trrio t)l .9t.t. () t ir tuhy

irr r l,r/,1i,,, ,, rri ,'1tunr\ , rl .\l ir,,1

,r: I /l 1rJ ir,/ l']tuI h,.l

-rt t llit tr\ r,,/ ' r', \i',i:


78/128

,94 H)al'in hf th( Pdttkt.l tht Ldtlittu h l\.Ilnl( \11 .il l\itr

.Sflr/ /,ltfi,j l, ), .li\d"Ah)r:r r""nhy. +1. tE \

rri ,',i) \ r,x,1 l,t th, 1 ""t,,l tht 1tl,b I ii,tt{ |in,,


79/128

r lt,t l,1)tltr l)r tlt, t\tr \trl tlr I t ulhri t ,l.)tlt, , r r

:96 l\11 thti ntar 1h. 1)di'1t( nlth( ,4th. \ lt (llin . lltqtl cltt

r, i ri,rr (nrrilrr hy tlr h1rtut ,tl .ltlbt\ tJ5.t t r ' tr\t )

ir, /-.l.J.qd,/i[.\./; hy ttu l\],ttr,,l Ath{ t.15.1 l.l.i't. li tt'nl?


80/128

r,)o Cdllr.?tuf i,, th( ntltr\ il tfu MtidiasPdntu\'. Athtu\lht d d tlhto

.1ot Oi\\hot it th. trdt l.t .l tht ^1(ilir ]\i (.,4p.11,, L,khir, h uritl

. . i', r /r'"r),/J,.J nr ( nnlt td ,,f tht ll.idins l'dhLIrr. ()ilil'r\ kl11\ th( lplthtx

tt .i. i th( trn tt tl tfu 1.1&1n1\ hti ttt.ttt i , ' tluriot h, 1,), Pollior d,/ //.,/t/(,3orr , , rrl s_ .., rd/[/. H 3.j

,.a1t1. t.tt.. . ..t.rtlt. \1..1..l-rr' 1'.t-.,-lIt.tt h..tt) Ij..1.-.. Lrl r,- .t t,-1t. -'

it-'54,,tr n[)Jr,'\ r1 th trntlr't \ltitl\l,tht l',tir tt H to.5


81/128

, t rl t1,r1 ll,tn .ta7 ()itblr| hy 1\li\t

rL)(,.1 lrohtt otht hy t\1lio . I4n ix.: tttatul tu ()lyhlt \

jd,{ 1,/tr,oriJL,j r),rr. H.i nt( t ]\ittt.H(10 (. .{phfudi.lt\ l.\)) n l Pdtis


82/128


83/128

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j. boardman - athenian red figure vases-the classical period

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