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  • 7/27/2019 J Clin Pathol 1980 Brook 1099 101

    1/4

    J C l i n P a t h o l 1 9 8 0 ; 3 3 : 1 0 9 9 - 1 1 0 1

    B u l l o u s i m p e t i g o c a u s e d b y S t r e p t o c o c c u ss a l i v a r i u s : a case r e p o r tITZHAK BROOKFrom t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s a n d C l i n i c a l M i c r o b i o l o g i c a l L a b o r a t o r y , C h i l d r e n ' sH o s p i t a l N a t i o n a l M e d i c a l C e n t e r a n d G e o r g e W a s h i n g t o n S c h o o l o f M e d i c i n e , W a s h i n g t o n , DC, USA

    SUMMARY A 1 9 - m o n t h - o l d c h i l d p r e s e n t e d w i t h b u l l o u s i m p e t i g o a r o u n d t h e p e r i n e a l r e g i o n ,p e n i s , a n d l e f t f o o t . S t r e p t o c o c c u s s a l i v a r i u s was t h e o n l y i s o l a t e r e c o v e r e d f r o m t h e l e s i o n s . T h ec h i l d was t r e a t e d w i t h p a r e n t e r a l p e n i c i l l i n , d e b r i d e m e n t o f t h e b u l l i , a n d l o c a l a p p l i c a t i o n o f s i l v e rs u l p h a d i a z i n e c r e a m . T h i s case o f b u l l o u s i m p e t i g o i l l u s t r a t e s a n o t h e r a s p e c t o f t h e p a t h o g e n i c i t y o fS t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s .

    S t r e p t o c o c c a l p y o d e r m a o r i m p e t i g o i s a c o m m o np r o b l e m i n c h i l d r e n . T h e i n f e c t i o n u s u a l l y b e g i n sw i t h a n o u t b r e a k o f v e s i c u l a r l e s i o n s o n t h e a r m s a n dl e g s a n d o n o c c a s i o n t h e y a r e s e e n a r o u n d t h e n o s e ,m o u t h , a n d s c a l p . T h e b l i s t e r s a r e u s u a l l y f l a t a n dc o n t a i n c l e a r f l u i d , w h i c h u s u a l l y y i e l d s a p u r ec u l t u r e o f g r o u p A b e t a - h a e m o l y t i c s t r e p t o c o c c ia n d , r a r e l y , g r o u p C o r G . 1T h i s i s a r e p o r t o f a 1 9 - m o n t h - o l d c h i l d whop r e s e n t e d w i t h b u l l o u s i m p e t i g o . T h e o r g a n i s mr e c o v e r e d f r o m t h e b u l l o u s f l u i d w a s S t r e p t o -c o c c u s s a l i v a r i u s , f o u n d i n t h e n o r m a l m o u t hf l o r a . 2 3 A l t h o u g h t h i s o r g a n i s m h a s b e e n i s o l a t e df r o m p a t i e n t s w i t h e n d o c a r d i t i s , s i n u s i t i s , m a s t o i d -i t i s , c h o l a n g i t i s , p e r i t o n i t i s , p n e u m o n i a , a n d m e n i n -g i t i s 4 - 6 i t h a s n e v e r b e e n r e c o v e r e d f r o m b u l l o u si m p e t i g o .C a s e r e p o r tA 1 9 - m o n t h - o l d b l a c k b o y was a d m i t t e d t oC h i l d r e n ' s H o s p i t a l N a t i o n a l M e d i c a l C e n t e r f o r t h et r e a t m e n t o f w a t e r y b l i s t e r s a r o u n d t h e p e n i s ,p e r i n e a l a r e a , a n d t h e d o r s a l a r e a o f t h e f o o t . T h e s el e s i o n s a p p e a r e d two d a y s b e f o r e a d m i s s i o n a n dw e r e a c c o m p a n i e d b y a t e m p e r a t u r e u p t o 3 8 C .P a s t m e d i c a l a n d f a m i l y h i s t o r i e s r e v e a l e d noa b n o r m a l i t i e s . P h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s h o w e d ac h i l d i n m o d e r a t e d i s t r e s s , p u l s e 1 3 6 / m i n , t e m p e r a -t u r e 3 8 - 6 0 C , a n d r e s p i r a t i o n 4 0 / m i n u t e . S e v e r a lb l i s t e r s f i l l e d w i t h l i g h t y e l l o w l i q u i d w e r e o b s e r v e da r o u n d t h e p e r i n e a l r e g i o n , t h e g l a n s a n d s h a f t o f t h ep e n i s , a n d t h e l e f t h e e l a n d f o o t . T h e d i a m e t e r o f t h eb l i s t e r s was 3 - 9 c m ( F i g s 1 a n d 2 ) . L y m p h n o d e sR e c e i v e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n 2 5 March 1 9 8 0

    w e r e e n l a r g e d i n b o t h i n g u i n a l a r e a s . T h e r e s t o f t h ep h y s i c a l a n d n e u r o l o g i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s w e r e n o r m a l .A d m i s s i o n l a b o r a t o r y d a t a s h o w e d a h a e m o g l o b i no f 1 2 - 9 g / d l , h a e m a t o c r i t 3 8 % . , w h i t e b l o o d c e l l s1 1 - 2 x 1 0 9 / l ( 1 1 2 0 0 / m m 3 ) w i t h 54% s e g m e n t e dn e u t r o p h i l s , 2 4 Y % l y m p h o c y t e s , 18% m o n o c y t e s ,2 Y % e o s i n o p h i l s , a n d 2% b a n d s . U r i n a l y s i s w a sn o r m a l a n d b l o o d c u l t u r e s w e r e n e g a t i v e .T h e l a r g e b u l l i w e r e a s p i r a t e d a n d d e b r i d e d , a n dt h e i r c o n t e n t s w e r e s e n t f o r c u l t u r e f o r a e r o b i c a n da n a e r o b i c b a c t e r i a a n d v i r u s e s . C u l t u r e s o f v e s i c u l a rf l u i d o b t a i n e d f r o m t w o v e s i c l e s b y d i r e c t n e e d l ea s p i r a t i o n ( t h e l e f t f o o t a n d t h e p e r i n e a l r e g i o n )y i e l d e d a p u r e g r o w t h o f a n a l p h a - h a e m o l y t i cs t r e p t o c o c c u s , w h i c h w a s i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e C e n t e r f o rD i s e a s e C o n t r o l a s S t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s . B i o p s y o f t h el e s i o n d e m o n s t r a t e d t h e p r e s e n c e o f i n t r a e p i d e r m a lb u l l i c o n t a i n i n g G r a m - p o s i t i v e c o c c i i n c h a i n s a n dp r o t e i n a c e o u s m a t e r i a l , many n e u t r o p h i l s , a n d af e w l y m p h o c y t e s . Some o f t h e b u l l i t h a t w e r e n o ta s p i r a t e d p e r s i s t e d f o r 7 t o 1 0 d a y s . T r e a t m e n t w a ss t a r t e d w i t h t h e l o c a l a p p l i c a t i o n o f s i l v e r s u l p h a d i a -z i n e c r e a m ( S i l v a d e n e ) a n d P h i s o h e x s o a p b a t h s a n dp a r e n t e r a l c r y s t a l l i n e p e n i c i l l i n 1 0 0 0 0 0 u n i t s / k g p e rd a y f o r s e v e n d a y s . T h e p a t i e n t r e s p o n d e d w e l l t ot h e r a p y , a n d t h e d e n u d e d a r e a s h o w e d s l o w e p i -t h e l i a l i s a t i o n a n d c o m p l e t e h e a l i n g o f t h e s k i nw i t h i n t w o w e e k s .D i s c u s s i o nC u r r e n t e v i d e n c e s u g g e s t s t h a t i m p e t i g o c a n b ed i v i d e d o n c l i n i c a l a n d b a c t e r i o l o g i c a l g r o u n d s i n t ot w o b a s i c f o r m s : a b u l l o u s t y p e , w h i c h u l t i m a t e l yf o r m s t h i n , v a r n i s h - l i k e c r u s t s a n d i s p r i m a r i l ys t a p h y l o c o c c a l i n o r i g i n , a n d a v e s i c u l a r t y p e , w h i c h

    1 0 9 9

    group.bmj.comon August 20, 2013 - Published byjcp.bmj.comDownloaded from

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  • 7/27/2019 J Clin Pathol 1980 Brook 1099 101

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    1 1 0 0 B r o o k

    F i g . 1 B u l l o u s l e s i o n o f l e f t f o o t .

    F i g . 2 B u l l o u s l e s i o n s i n p e r i n e u m a n d o n l e f t f o o t .d e v e l o p s t h i c k ' s t u c k - o n ' c r u s t s a n d i s p r i m a r i l ys t r e p t o c o c c a l i n a e t i o l o g y . 7 T h e r e l a t i v e f r e q u e n c yo f t h e s e t w o k i n d s o f i m p e t i g o v a r i e s f r o m p l a c e t op l a c e a n d f r o m t i m e t o t i m e . 7 - 9T h e i n i t i a l l e s i o n o f s t r e p t o c o c c a l i m p e t i g o i s at i n y p a p u l e . A v e s i c l e f i l l e d w i t h s e r o u s f l u i d a n d af e w l e u c o c y t e s r a p i d l y f o r m s a n d i s s u r r o u n d e d b y an a r r o w r i m o f e r y t h e m a . T h e b l i s t e r s a r e f l a t , w i t h ad i a m e t e r o f 1 t o 3 m m . T h e c l e a r f l u i d o f s u c h av e s i c l e u s u a l l y y i e l d s a p u r e c u l t u r e o f g r o u p As t r e p t o c o c c i . T h e v e s i c l e s r a p i d l y b e c o m e p u s t u l a r ,a n d t h e f l u i d c a n i n f e c t b y d i r e c t e x t e n s i o n o t h e ra r e a s , w h e r e new v e s i c l e s f o r m . A l l t h e s e v e s i c l e ss o o n b r e a k , a n d t h e s u r f a c e b e c o m e s c o v e r e d b y at h i c k , h a r d , b r o w n i s h ' c a n d y ' c r u s t , w h i c h i sc h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f s t r e p t o c o c c a l i m p e t i g o . A l t h o u g ht h e f i n a l l e s i o n s m ay b e a s l a r g e a s 3 c m i n d i a m e t e r ,t h e y r e m a i n d i s c r e t e . T h e l e s i o n s may l a t e r b e c o m e

    s e c o n d a r i l y i n f e c t e d b y s t a p h y l o c o c c i w h i c h a r ep r e s e n t o n n o r m a l s k i n .S t a p h y l o c o c c a l i m p e t i g o i s c h a r a c t e r i s e d b yp e r s i s t e n t b u l l o u s l e s i o n s , w h i c h s u b s e q u e n t l y f o r mt h i n , v a r n i s h - l i k e c r u s t s w h i c h m ay b e w h i t e o r g r e yi n c o l o u r . T h e b u l l o u s f o r m o f i m p e t i g o u s u a l l yy i e l d s p u r e c u l t u r e s o f p h a g e t y p e 7 1 s t a p h y l o c o c c i o rc l o s e l y r e l a t e d s t r a i n s . 1 0 1 1I t i s o f i n t e r e s t t h a t o u r p a t i e n t d e v e l o p e d b u l l o u sl e s i o n s , w h i c h w e r e m i c r o s c o p i c a l l y a n d c l i n i c a l l ys i m i l a r t o s t a p h y l o c o c c a l i m p e t i g o , w h e r e a s t h el e s i o n s p e r s i s t e d f o r many d a y s w i t h o u t s p o n t a n e o u sr u p t u r e . H o w e v e r , t h e o n l y o r g a n i s m r e c o v e r e d w a sS t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s . S t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s i s u s u a l l y f o u n d i nt h e m o u t h a n d t h r o a t . S e v e r a l i n v e s t i g a t o r s h a v eo b s e r v e d h i g h l e v e l s o f t h i s o r g a n i s m o n t h e d o r s u mo f t h e t o n g u e a n d i n s a l i v a b u t l o w l e v e l s i n d e n t a lp l a q u e . 2 3S t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s b e l o n g s t o t h e g r o u p o f p o o r l yd e f i n e d v i r i d a n s s t r e p t o c o c c i . D i f f e r e n t i a t i o n o f t h i so r g a n i s m may b e b e s t a c h i e v e d b y i t s p h y s i o l o g i c a lc h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , 5 a l t h o u g h a n u m b e r o f s t r a i n s o fS t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s s h o w r e a c t i o n s w i t h L a n c e f i e l dg r o u p K a n t i s e r u m .A s i n d i c a t e d b y s e n s i t i v i t y t e s t s a n d c l i n i c a lr e s p o n s e , p e n i c i l l i n G i s t h e a n t i b i o t i c o f c h o i c e i nt r e a t i n g i n f e c t i o n s d u e t o S t r e p . s a l i v a r i u s . 4 T h e s eo r g a n i s m s a r e s e n s i t i v e t o t h e m a j o r i t y o f a n t i b i o t i c se x c e p t a m i n o g l y c o s i d e s a n d t e t r a c y c l i n e . S p e c i f i cd i f f e r e n t i a t i o n o f v i r i d a n s s t r e p t o c o c c i b y b i o c h e m i c a la n d s e r o l o g i c a l m e a n s s h o u l d p r o v i d e a b e t t e ra p p r e c i a t i o n o f t h e p a t h o g e n i c i t y , a n t i m i c r o b i a ls u s c e p t i b i l i t y , a n d e p i d e m i o l o g y o f t h i s h e t e r o l o g o u sgroup o f m i c r o o r g a n i s m s .R e f e r e n c e s

    Wannamaker LW. D i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n s t r e p t o c o c c a li n f e c t i o n o f t h e t h r o a t a n d t h e s k i n . Ne w Eng J M e d1 9 7 0 ; 2 8 2 : 2 3 .2 G i b b o n s R J , K a p s i m a l i s B , S o c r a n s k y S S . T h e s o u r c e o fs a l i v a r y b a c t e r i a . A r c h O r a l B i o l 1 9 6 4 ; 9 : 1 0 1 .3 K r a s s e B . T h e p r o p o r t i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f S t r e p t o c o c c u ss a l i v a r i u s a n d o t h e r s t r e p t o c o c c i i n v a r i o u s p a r t s o f t h em o u t h O d o n t o l R e v 1 9 5 4 ; 5 : 2 0 3 .4 D u m a R J , W e i n b e r g AN, M e d r e k TF e t a l . S t r e p t o c o c c a li n f e c t i o n s : A b a c t e r i o l o g i c a n d c l i n i c a l s t u d y o f s t r e p t o -c o c c a l b a c t e r e m i a . M e d i c i n e 1 9 6 9 ; 4 8 : 8 7 .F a c k l a m RR. P h y s i o l o g i c a l d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n o f v i r i d a n ss t r e p t o c o c c i . J C l i n M i c r o b i o l 1 9 7 7 ; 5 : 1 8 4 .6 W h e e l e r SM, F o l e y G E . A n o t e o n n o n - g r o u p A s t r e p t o -c o c c i a s s o c i a t e d w i t h human i n f e c t i o n . J B a c t 1 9 4 3 ;4 6 : 3 9 1 .7 P a r k e r MT, W i l l i a m s REO. F u r t h e r o b s e r v a t i o n s on t h eb a c t e r i o l o g y o f i m p e t i g o a n d p e m p h i g u s n e o n a t o r u m .A c t a P a e d i a t 1 9 6 1 ; 5 0 : 1 0 1 .8 Engman MF . C o n t a g i o s a b u l l o s a a n d i t s b a c t e r i o l o g y .J C u t G e n - U r i n D i s 1 9 0 1 ; 1 9 : 1 8 0 .9 T a c h a u P . T h e b a c t e r i o l o g y o f i m p e t i g o c o n t a g i o s a .B r i t J Dermat 1 9 3 8 ; S 0 : 1 1 3 .S p i t t l e h o u s e KE. P h a g e - t y p e s o f s t a p h y l o c o c c u s p y o g e n e s

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    B u l l o u s i m p e t i g o c a u s e d b y S t r e p t o c o c c u s s a l i v a r i u s : a c a s e r e p o r t 1 1 0 1i s o l a t e d f r o m i m p e t i g o a n d s y c o s i s b a r b a e . L a n c e t1 9 5 5 ; 2 : 3 7 8 ."Van T o o r n M J . On t h e s t a p h y l o c o c c a l a n d s t r e p t o c o c c a le t i o l o g y o f i m p e t i g o . D e m a t o l o g i c a ( B a s e l ) 1 9 6 1 ;1 2 3 : 3 9 1 .

    R e q u e s t s f o r r e p r i n t s t o : I t z h a k B r o o k , M D, MSI n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e a n d C l i n i c a l M i c r o b i o l o g y L a b o r a t o r yC h i l d r e n ' s H o s p i t a l N a t i o n a l M e d i c a l C e n t e r , 1 1 1M i c h i g a n A v e n u e , NW , W a s h i n g t o n D C , 2 0 0 1 0 , U S A .

    T h e O c t o b e r 1 9 8 0 I s s u eTHE OC TOB E R 1 9 8 0 ISSUE CONTAINS THE F O L L O W I N G PAPERSR e v i e w a r t i c l eC o b a l a m i n s a n d n i t r o u s o x i d e : a r e v i e w I C H A N A R I NM o n o c y t e s i n i n f l a m m a t o r y b o w e l d i s e a s e : a b s o l u t em o n o c y t e c o u n t s A S M E E , J B E R N E Y , AND D P J E W E L LM o n o c y t e s i n i n f l a m m a t o r y b o w e l d i s e a s e : p h a g o -c y t o s i s a n d i n t r a c e l l u l a r k i l l i n g A S M E E , M S Z A W A -TAKOWSKI, AND DP J E W E L LP r o c e s s i n g h a e m a t o l o g i c a l d a t a o n a d e d i c a t e dc o m p u t e r MG N E L S O N , C L F A R R I N G T O N , J D R O G E R S ,AND GW PURDY

    I m m u n o c h e m i c a l a n d u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l s t u d y o fm u l t i p l e m y e l o m a w i t h a h e a v y c h a i n p r o t e i n i n t h es e r u m C B A R T O L I N I , G F L A M I N I , N GENTILONI,MA RUSSO, C BARONE, G GAMBASSI, AND T TE R R AN O VAH a e m a t o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n t h e , B t h a l a s -s a e m i a t r a i t i n S a r d i n i a n c h i l d r e n R G A L A N E L L O ,S DE V I R G I L I I S , M A D D I S , E P A G L I E T T I , R RUGGERI, ANDA CAO

    C h r o n i c l i v e r d i s e a s e i n t r a n s f u s i o n - d e p e n d e n tt h a l a s s a e m i a : h e p a t i t i s B v i r u s m a r k e r s t u d i e sS D E V I R G I L I I S , G F I O R E L L I , S FARGION, G CORNACCHIA,G SANNA, P COSSU, V MURGIA, AND A CAOA n t i - A h a e m a g g l u t i n i n s i n f a c t o r V I I I c o n c e n t r a t e sJ K SMITH, P J BOWELL, E BIDWELL, AND HH GUNSONE v a l u a t i o n o f a n A u t o A n a l y z e r m e t h o d f o r q u a n t i -t a t i n g a n t i - A a n d a n t i - B h a e m a g g l u t i n i n s i n f a c t o rV I I I p r e p a r a t i o n s P J B O W E L L , S A B D A L L A , T JSNAPE, AND HH GUNSONP l a t e l e t m o n o a m i n e o x i d a s e a c t i v i t y i n m e g a l o -b l a s t i c a n a e m i a V G L O V E R , M S A N D L E R , A H U G H E S ,AND AV HOFFBRAND

    V i t a m i n D b i n d i n g g l o b u l i n l e v e l s a n d a f f i n i t y i nv a r i o u s c l i n i c a l c o n d i t i o n s I R F B R O W N , A N I T A S O O DAND ND CARTER

    F a m i l i a l h y p o u r i c a e m i a a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r e n a lt u b u l a r u r i c o s u r i a a n d u r i c a c i d c a l c u l i : c a s e r e p o r tJ M HEDLEY AND P J PHILLIPSD e t e r m i n a t i o n o f p l a s m a m a l o n d i a l d e h y d e - l i k em a t e r i a l a n d i t s c l i n i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n i n s t r o k e p a t i e n t sMT SANTOS, J VALLES, J AZNER, AND J V I L C H E SQ u a n t i t a t i o n o f C 3 s u b c o m p o n e n t s o n r e d c e l l s c o a t e dw i t h c o m p l e m e n t i n v i t r o J FREEDMAN AND ANNEMASSEYS p o n t a n e o u s c a l c i f i c e m b o l i s a t i o n : n e c r o p s y X - r a ys t u d y I S T E I N E R AND A HLAVAS e r i a l u r i n a r y a n d c e r v i c a l c y t o l o g i c a l s t u d i e s i nw o m e n u n d e r g o i n g r e n a l t r a n s p l a n t a t i o n C J HINGOLDBY, NA MCWHINNEY, E WACHTEL, AND J ECASTROF a l s e n e g a t i v e h e p a t i t i s B s u r f a c e a n t i g e n d e t e c t i o ni n d i a l y s i s p a t i e n t s d u e t o e x c e s s s u r f a c e a n t i g e n :p o s t z o n e p h e n o m e n o n LG H E F T E R , MARY A H I X ,MICHELLE STONER, AND CB COOKL i g h t - s c a t t e r i n g m e t h o d s f o r a n t i b i o t i c s e n s i t i v i t yt e s t s J MURRAY, P EVANS AND DWL HULKINSA n t i m i c r o b i a l s u s c e p t i b i l i t i e s o f C l o s t r i d i u m d i f f i c i l eR SHUTTLEWORTH, M I L D R E D TAYLOR, AND DM JONESF a e c a l c a r r i a g e o f g r o u p B s t r e p t o c o c c i A K M SISLAM AND E L I Z A B E T H THOMAST e c h n i c a l m e t h o d sA s y s t e m a t i c e r r o r i n p H - s t a t a s s a y s o f e n z y m e s i nh a e m o l y s a t e s P F J NEWMAN AND I A NIMMOF i x a t i o n a n d i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i s t r y o f l y m p h o i dt i s s u e A L E A T H E M AND N A T K I N SL e t t e r s t o t h e E d i t o r sBook r e v i e w s

    C o p i e s a r e s t i l l a v a i l a b l e a n d m ay b e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e P U B L I S H I N G M A N A G E R ,B R I T I S H M E D I CA L A S S O C I A T I O N , TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9 J R , p r i c e 3 * 0 0 , i n c l u d i n g p o s t a g e

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