j. ferrell extension weed specialist · why herbicides fail j. ferrell extension weed specialist....
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Why herbicides fail
J. Ferrell
Extension Weed Specialist
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Where we are today
• Herbicides are more potent and forgiving
than ever before.
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Why do herbicides fail?
• Generally speaking, applicator error.
• Not going to discuss improper calculation,
rain-off, or forgetting to add the herbicide
to the sprayer.
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Don’t assume your herbicide
will kill every weed• Milestone VM controls many weeds, but
not all of them:
Tropical soda apple - yes Blackberry - no
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James H. Miller. USDA Forest Service. Invasive
Plants of the Eastern United States CD-ROM
Plant Size
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Application timing
• Annuals – germinate from seed, produce
seed, die within 1 yr.
– Spanish needles, ragweed, etc.
• Perennials – emerge from rootstock,
produce seed, go dormant.
– Blackberry, trees, etc.
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Annual
Control of Annual Weeds
Emerg. Seed. Veg. Flower Mat.
We
ed
Co
ntr
ol
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Perennials
Control of Perennial Weeds
Dorm. Veg. Bud Flower Fruiting Fall
We
ed
Co
ntr
ol
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Drought
• Slow plant growth. More time for the plant
to disassemble the herbicide.
• Cuticle thickness.
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Adjuvants
• Can greatly improve herbicide uptake
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Leaf
Surface
No
adjuvant adjuvant
Reduction of Droplet
Surface Tension
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Surfactants vs Oils
• Surfactants simply flatten out the droplet.
• Oils (methylated seed oils) will partially
dissolve leaf waxes.
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Why not use MSO all the time?
• Surfactant - $5 per 100 gal water
• MSO - $10-20 per 100 gal water
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Application technique
• More is not always better.
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More is not better
100% spray retention 30% spray retention
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Why do they fail?
• Misidentified the weed
• Wrong herbicide
• Weed size
• Application timing
• Adjuvant selection
• Drought
• Improper spray technique