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Measuring Well-Being in France

Jean-Louis LhéritierINSEE

25-27 April 2012

A new political context

OECD : Global project on Measuring the Progress of SocietiesA new European strategy

GDP and beyondEurope 2020: become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy

Some recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi report:Move beyond GDPRecognizes the multidimensional aspects of well-being

25-27 April 2012

Measuring Well-being in France Jean-Louis Lhéritier - INSEE2

Recognizes the multidimensional aspects of well-beingEnumerates main domains to be taken into accountSuggests to statistical offices to incorporate questions to capture people’s life evaluations in surveys

The report of the Franco-German Ministerial CouncilNational initiatives

UK (David Cameron), DE (Bundestag Commission),IT and FR (first implementation of the SSF) …

Recommendations about quality of life

• Measures of both objective and subjective well-being provide key information about people’s quality of life.– Statistical offices should incorporate questions to capture people’s life

evaluations, hedonic experiences and priorities in their surveys.

• Dimensions of the Quality of Life recommended:– Material living conditions– Health

25-27 April 2012


– Health– Education– Productive and valued activities– Governance and basic rights– Leisure and social interactions– Natural and living environment– Economic and physical safety– Overall experience of life

1 . OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF QUALITY OF LIFE

25-27 April 2012


Objective measures: construction of synthetic indicators by dimension

• Existing variables in surveys, mainly EU-SILC (French survey)

• Computation of scores by addition of binary items (deprivations) in the same dimension (method used for deprivations .

• A person cumulating many privations has a poor quality of life in the corresponding dimension:

the indicator equals « 1 » when the score exceeds a given

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the indicator equals « 1 » when the score exceeds a given threshold… with the question of the determination of the level of the threshold

About 10% of the individuals

Objective measures of quality of life: the example of financial constraints

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Objective measures of quality of life: comparison by income quartile

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2 . SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF QUALITY OF LIFE

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LIFE

Implementation in French Surveys: subjective well-being

1) Pilot Survey on (objective and subjective aspects of) quality of life (paper/web)

10 000 persons persons 18 years or more

Response rate : 38 %

2) EU-SILC as from 2010Introduction of new questions

On a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied),

25-27 April 2012


On a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), rate your satisfaction concerning:-Your dwelling-Your job (if employed)-Your leisure-Your relations with close relatives-Your current life

A more detailed drop-off questionnaire for 2 000 households

Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction in life (mean: 7/10)

20

30%

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0

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

satisfaction level

Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction in life by income decile

7

8

satisfaction level

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5

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

income decile

Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction by age

7

8

satisfaction level

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5

6

7

25-2

9

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

55-5

9

60-6

4

65-6

9

70-7

4

75-7

9

80-8

485

+

age

Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction by number of material difficulties

7

8

satis faction level

Number of deprivations (on a list of 27 deprivations)

25-27 April 2012


5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+

number of material difficulties

EU-SILC: treatment of individual effects (not yet achieved)

• Individual effects: non observable variables (level of optimism, of risk aversion, of confidence in others, in the personal scales …)

• EU-SILC is a longitudinal survey: in France, the same households are surveyed for 9 years runningThis longitudinal dimension will permit to:– eliminate individual effects

25-27 April 2012


– eliminate individual effects– give estimations on the consequences of heath problems, a job

loss, a divorce, a fall of income ...

• We also drop off a self-administered questionnaire:– questions on attitude towards optimism, risk, trust in people, time

preference …– anchoring vignettes: scenarios to compare the respondent to

others (personal scales)

EU-SILC: an example of anchoring vignette on overall satisfaction of life

• Jacques is 40 years old. He is a middle-school teacher. He lives with his wife, who is unemployed, and their three children in a small apartment in the suburbs, purchased with a mortgage. The neighbors are fairly noisy. Even if his children do not lack anything, it's not always easy to make ends meet. Jacques has no health problems, but he has trouble sleeping because he has a difficult class this year.

• How would you rate Jacques's situation in terms of his life at the present time? (from 0 is the least favorable situation, and 10 th e most favorable situation.)

%

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0

10

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10score given

3 . SUBJECTIVE APPRECIATION OF ACTIVITIES

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Implementation in French Surveys: appreciation of activities

Time Use Survey 2009-2010

A new variable was introduced for a subset of the household sample (1 700 respondents):

25-27 April 2012


the affect i.e. the pleasant or unpleasant character of the activity (a scale from -3 to +3)

Each person surveyed should add this appreciation variable in her diary (description of activities every 10 mn during 24 or 48 hours)

Questionnaire of the French Time-Use Survey for 2010

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Appreciation of activities

Household and family care

Personal care

Leisure

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0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3

Employment/Study

Travel

Household and family care

Mean

Appreciation of leisure activities

Religious activities

Sports

Arts and hobbies

Visiting and receiving visitors

Games

Entertainment and culture

Walking

Producing music or dancing

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1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8

Voting and other civil activities

Voluntary work

Telephone conversation or chat

TV, video and DVD

Computing

Resting, time out

Radio and recordings

Reading

Religious activities

Mean

Appreciation of personal care activities

Eating alone or w ith household members

Sleeping

Eating w ith other persons

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- 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

Receiving health care

Grooming and dressing

Mean

Appreciation of domestic activities

Construction and repair

Childcare

Pet care

Gardening

25-27 April 2012


- 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

Other domestic w ork

Cleaning and care for textiles

Food preparation

Shopping

Mean

Some articles published

• Measuring quality of life: http://www.insee.fr/en/ffc/docs_ffc/ref/FPORSOC10E.pdf

• Life Satisfaction: http://www.insee.fr/en/publications-et-services/dossiers_web/stiglitz/VE4-Anglais.pdf

25-27 April 2012


• Pleasant moments of everyday life (in French): http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1378/ip1378.pdf

Thank you for your attention !

ContactMr Jean-Louis LhéritierMail: [email protected]

Insee18 bd Adolphe-Pinard75675 Paris Cedex 14

www.insee.fr

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