j˜˜˜ m˜s˜˜˜˜ ˜ f a hhmariben espiritu andersen,mariben

Recommendations with an Eye on the WHMP WHMP

J�� M�S�� FAA

H S FAAMariben Espiritu Andersen,Mariben Espiritu Andersen,H �� S�� AAMariben Espiritu Andersen, Mariben Espiritu Andersen, Michael Baker Jr. Inc.Michael Baker Jr. Inc.

Amy Anderson Amy Anderson –– FAAFAA

J k M S iJ k M S i FAAFAAJack McSwain Jack McSwain –– FAAFAA

Hermann Smith Hermann Smith -- FAAFAA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Charlotte Brown andand

Steven Hicks

Federal AviationAdministration 2

Wildlife Hazard Management should be HOLISTIC

Financial

Operation, Maintenance

& Training

WHMRegulatory, Compliance, Planning,

D i &Program

p ,&

Monitoring

Design & Construction

Social & EducationEnvironmental Social & Education (Abatement Measures)

Regulatory Compliance Recommendations

Requirements: Advisory Circularq y

• If the FAA determines that a Wildlife Hazard M t Pl (WHMP) i d d thManagement Plan (WHMP) is needed, the airport operator must formulate and implement a WHMP using the Wildlife Hazarda WHMP, using the Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) as the basis for the plan.

• The goal of an airport’s WHMP is to minimize the risk to aviation safety, airport structures or equipment or human health posed byequipment, or human health posed by populations of hazardous wildlife on and around the airport.


around the airport.

Requirements: Advisory Circularq y

• The WHMP must identify hazardous wildlife yattractants on or near the airport and the appropriate wildlife damage management t h i t i i i th ildlif h dtechniques to minimize the wildlife hazard. It must also prioritize the management measuresmeasures.


Requirements: Part 139

• The plan must include:p(1) Measures to alleviate or eliminate wildlife hazards

to air carrier operations.(2) A li f h i di id l h i h i d(2) A list of the individuals having authority and

responsibility for implementing each aspect of the plan.p

(3) Requirements for and, where applicable, copies of local, state, and federal wildlife control permits.

(4) Identification of resources that the certificate holder will provide to implement the plan.


Requirements: Part 139 Cont.

• The plan must include:(5) Procedures to be followed during air carrier

operations.(6) A list prioritizing the following actions identified in(6) A list prioritizing the following actions identified in

the WHA and target dates for their initiation andcompletion:completion:

(a) Wildlife population management;(b) Habitat modification; and( )(c) Land use changes


Requirements: Part 139 Cont. q• The plan must include:

(7) P d t i d l t th WHMP(7) Procedures to review and evaluate the WHMP every 12 consecutive months or following a triggering eventtriggering event.

(8) A training program conducted by a qualified wildlifebiologist to provide airport personnel with thebiologist to provide airport personnel with theknowledge and skills needed to successfully carryout the WHMP.


Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG) M bMembers

• Airport ManagementAirport Management• Operations/Communication Center• Public Safety (Law Enforcement and ARFF)Public Safety (Law Enforcement and ARFF)• Maintenance• Air Traffic Control• Air Traffic Control• Airport Tenants• Surrounding Stakeholders• Surrounding Stakeholders• Wildlife Biologist


Regulatory FederalRegulatory - Federal

FederalFederal FAA – NEPA and ACM*

COE S ti 10 & 404* COE – Section 10 & 404* EPA – Pesticide GP, NPDES MSGO, Nutrient

Criteria ELGs etcCriteria, ELGs, etc. FWS – Section 7 & 10, Depredation Permit NMFS EFH coastal only NMFS – EFH coastal only

*will be discussed in a separate sessionwill be discussed in a separate session

Regulatory StateRegulatory - State

StateState Water Quality Protection

W tl d P t ti * Wetland Protection* Protected Species*

Hi t i A h l i l & C lt l R Historic, Archeological, & Cultural Resources Licenses and permits

*will be discussed in a separate session

Regulatory LocalRegulatory - Local

Landscape and Tree Protection Landscape and Tree Protection Water Quality Protection

W tl d d U l d P t ti Wetland and Upland Protection Land Development Code

B ildi C d Building Code Watershed Management Plans

C t /Cit /P i h County/City/Parish

Social and Education Recommendations

Public Perception and Engagement

• Recognize it’s a team effort and stay engaged!

– Coordinate with the surrounding community to ensure the effectiveness of the WHMP.

– Work with zoning boards to be alerted of proposed land-use changes or modifications to existing land use that

ld ildlif h icould attract wildlife to the airport.

– Enlist the support of all airport (employees, tenants, ATC, etc.) and governing (county, city, etc.) entities for plan implementation.



• Start spreading the word

– Combine public education activities with the local community because some activities can attract wildlife and present a danger to aircraft.and present a danger to aircraft.

• Create and distribute wildlife hazard brochures which describe the species at your airportdescribe the species at your airport.

• Lecture on specific wildlife hazards in your area and reasons t t f d i i t f f (i l di h l blinot to feed in a variety of forums (including schools, public

meetings, environmental group meetings, and service organization meetings)



• Start spreading the word

– Develop a wildlife hazard hotline to encourage wildlife sighting reporting.

– Encourage the surrounding community to develop a wildlife management plan.


Planning Design and Planning, Design and Construction RecommendationsRecommendations

Planning and DevelopmentPlanning and Development

Airport Layout Plans Airport Layout Plans Master Plan

UpdatesUpdates

Development and Expansion p pDesign Project Design according to AC 150/5200 33BProject Design according to AC 150/5200-33B Vertical Structures Horizontal Structures Horizontal Structures Drainage Stormwater pondsp Mitigation Landscaping

ConstructionConstruction

Pre construction briefing Pre-construction briefing Mobilization L d di t b Land disturbance Sediment and Erosion control W t t Waste management

Environmental/Wildlife Abatement Recommendations

Biological ControlBiological ControlBiological Control• Prey – predator

relationship

•Photo by Johnny Metcalf

Turf ManagementTurf Management

• FAA Guidelines: 6-12* inches

• Perhaps the single MOST EFFECTIVE deterrent!!!

• Grass is INDIGESTIBLE to majorityGrass is INDIGESTIBLE to majority of wildlife… they are eating seeds, weeds, insects, & mammals… NOT GRASS!

#1 MOST IMPORTANT thing you can do!!

*controversial

Federal AviationAdministration

Stormwater/Aquatic Weed ManagementStormwater/Aquatic Weed Management

Ditches/Ponds

• Must maintain flow

• Clear vegetation

• Concrete linings when possible

• Maintain culverts

• Steep side slopes


Facilities and Structures ManagementFacilities and Structures Management

• Airport buildings & hangarsp g g

• Signage & Lights

• Netting• Netting

• Closing doors

A i hi d i• Anti-perching devices

• Tubular beams


Landscape ManagementLandscape Management

Airport Landscapingp p g• Ornamental trees

• Eliminate food sources• Eliminate food sources

• Eliminate roost sites

• Eliminate nesting sites

• Water features


Waste ManagementWaste Management

Waste Management•Close dumpsters/containers

•Public awareness•Public awareness

•Talk to your neighbors


Dispersal and Repelling MethodsDispersal and Repelling MethodsExploit prey-predator relationship


Trapping and RemovalTrapping and Removal

•Live trapping benefits:

•Gives the public “warm fuzzies”

•Sometimes it’s the law (Gopher Tortoises)( p )


Den, Nest, and Egg RemovalDen, Nest, and Egg Removal

Destroying Nest & Eggs•Eggs can be oiled orEggs can be oiled or pricked and left in nest

•Eggs can be removed•Eggs can be removed

•Nests can be removed (b f l id i(before eggs are laid is best!)


Lethal ControlLethal Control

Shootingg•Trained personnel

•Appropriate gun & ammoAppropriate gun & ammo

•Have necessary permits

N tif l l l f t•Notify local law enforcement when necessary

•Be prepared for BAD PRESS!•Be prepared for BAD PRESS!


Lethal ControlLethal ControlPoisoning

•Very limited use at airports•Very limited use at airports

•Toxicants registered for birds (starlings, blackbirds, pigeons, & gulls)

•DRC-1339/Starlicide – Only oral toxicant for birds registered by EPADRC 1339/Starlicide Only oral toxicant for birds registered by EPA

•Best to control pigeons/starlings around airport buildings

•Acute toxicant for rodents (die immediately)( y)

•Zinc phosphide

•Expensive!

•Anticoagulant (chronic poison) bait stations

•Asphyxiation in burrow (CO cartridge)


Wildlife ManagementWildlife ManagementSuccessful airport wildlife management must

integrate all management techniques.g g q

The importance of accurate monitoring and record keeping cannot be overemphasized!!!record keeping cannot be overemphasized!!!•Key to program evaluation

All f t f ff ti•Allows for assessment of effectiveness

•Provides justification for management actions e.g. lethal removal of wildliferemoval of wildlife

•Used in litigation if necessary


Training RecommendationsTraining Recommendations

• Mowing techniques• Mowing techniques• Aquatic Weed Control

WHM T i i• WHM Training• Mosquito Control

Fi S f t• Firearms Safety• Other

Monitoring RecommendationsMonitoring Recommendations

• Are the current measures effective?• Are the current measures effective?• When does the WHMP need to be

revised/updated?revised/updated?– WHMP review– Cert Inspector Report reviewCert Inspector Report review– WH Team interview

Financial RecommendationsFinancial Recommendations

• Capital Costs• Capital Costs• Operating Costs

M i t C t• Maintenance Costs• Benefit and Cost Analysis

I di t t– Immediate term– Short term– Long term– Long term

AIP Eligibility of Wildlife Management M i FAA A d WHMPMeasures in an FAA Approved WHMP

• Must be designed to produce a long-term solution to the wildlife hazard.

• May be a stand-alone project.• Habitat Modification is eligible.• Bird hazard reduction equipment such as

tt t d k PA t l dicassette tape decks, PA systems, exploding gas cannons, shotguns and pyrotechnic pistols are eligible.eligible.

• Expendable items such as shotgun shells and chemicals are not eligible.


Implementation Schedule

• Start NOW!

– Conduct a WHA

Develop a WHMP– Develop a WHMP• Distribute and implement the plan

– Conduct training– Acquire required permits

Hi h “bi ” if– Hire the “big guns” if necessary

• Conduct an annual review of the plan to evaluate it’s effectiveness

• Update the plan as required

Turkeys be gone!


Wildlife Hazard Measures Brain Storming

Closing the runway?Closing the runway?

• Last resort wildlife measure• Last resort wildlife measure• Who has the authority to close the runway?

R i ft l i th ?• Repercussions after closing the runway?

Decision MakersDecision Makers

• Who has the authority to make decisions at• Who has the authority to make decisions at night?

• Who has the authority to make the decision to• Who has the authority to make the decision to take an animal?

• What if the decision maker is not available?What if the decision maker is not available?

Local Government ChallengesLocal Government Challenges

• How does an airport convince a solid waste• How does an airport convince a solid waste department, waste water/water treatment plant or parks department to implementplant, or parks department to implement wildlife hazard measures for facilities near an airport?

What are the creative Wildlife Abatement Measures that you have developed or observed at

th i t ?other airports?

•Photo by Johnny MetcalfMetcalf

Outside the FenceOutside the Fence

What are the innovative measures that youWhat are the innovative measures that you have implemented or observed for wildlife attractants outside the airport property?attractants outside the airport property?– Private property owners– Restaurants and hotels– Parks– Golf courses– Other

Some ResourcesSome Resources

• National Wildlife Research Center• National Wildlife Research Centerhttp://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/research/aviation/index.shtml

• Transport Canada WHMP TemplateTransport Canada WHMP Templatehttp://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/aerodromeairnav-standards-wildlifecontrol-plan-menu-978.htm

• ACRP Synthesis 23: Bird Harassment• ACRP Synthesis 23: Bird Harassment, Repellent, and Deterrent Techniques for Use on and near Airportsphttp://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/acrp/acrp_syn_023.pdf

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