JOURNAL

Are the Stormcloaks morally justified in their actions?

OR

What gives a group the right to take over the land of another group?

JANUARY 11-12

Objective Develop an Understanding of how Imperialism

developed in Africa Europeans in Africa

Today – What is imperialism Lecture from Norris Reading from Textbook

Later this week/next week – You will start looking at specific countries in

Africa

AFRICAN IMPERIALISM

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM MUTATED Aggressive expansion=New Imperialism Why? Combo of:

Economic Interests Political & Military Interests Humanitarian & Religious Goals Social Darwinism

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EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

Began in the Age of Exploration (1500’s) Lasted until the Industrial Revolution (1800’s) Brief Recap

1492-empires in Americas Established colonies in India & SE Asia Started gaining power/control on Africa & China Coasts Little influence on the people of China, India, & Africa

NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES Economic Interests

Industrial Revolution Manufacturers wanted:

Natural Resources-rubber, petroleum, manganese (for steel), palm oil (for machinery)

Expand trade around the world Bankers wanted:

To invest their profits around the world Place for expanding population Strong Economy Provide work & employment

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NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES

Political & Military InterestsSteam powered merchant ships & Naval vessels

Needed global bases to obtain coal & supplies Seized islands & harbors

Nationalism Keep other countries from expanding “too” much “Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation” (dictionary.com)

Colonies needed for “national security” Prestige

Well organized governmentsPowerful armies & navies

Maxim machine guns & repeating rifles

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NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES Humanitarian & Religious Goals

Growth of science & technology…more confidence Missionaries, doctors, & colonial officials believed it was their

“duty” to spread the “blessings” of western civilizations: Medicine Law Christian religion

West was modern & “enlightened” Africa & Asia were “backward” & in need of “civilization”

THINKING AT THE TIME

Origin of the Species, by Charles Darwin, was published in 1859

While Darwin’s theories were radical and not necessarily accepted as fact by everyone, one aspect grew and influenced Europeans in Africa

This idea is “natural selection” What is the idea of Natural Selection?

NEW IMPERIALISM-CAUSES Social Darwinism

Applied Darwin’s ideas about natural selection & survival of the fittest to people

Argued that European races were superior to ALL others

Imperial conquest & destruction of weaker races were nature’s way of improving the human species

Europeans had medicines, such as quinine, to help treat tropical diseases

http://javalab.cs.uni-bonn.de/research/darwin/

IMPERIALISM CRITICS

“Tool” of the rich Immoral Democracy at home, but imposing undemocratic rule on

others

CH 25: THE NEW IMPERIALISM

According to the cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

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ADDING TO THE NEW IMPERIALISM In addition to the success of the Europeans… Older civilizations were declining

Ottoman of Middle East Mughal of India Qing of China

In Africa, the following contributed to the decline in establishing empires, kingdoms, & city states: Wars Slave trade Newer African states weren’t strong enough to resist

RESIST THE FORCE… Some Africans & Asians tried to:

Some fought, despite the superiority of the Maxim gun Some tried to strengthen their societies against outsiders by

reforming their traditions Muslim, Hindu, or Confucian

Some western educated Africans & Asians organized nationalist movements to get rid of the imperialists from their lands

FORMS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL Colonies

Governors, officials, & soldiers Controlled the people & set up a colonial bureaucracy (govt) Goal: rule locals & “transform” their society French-Direct Rule

Sent officials from France to govern their colonies Goal: impose French culture on colonies & turn them into provinces

British-Indirect Rule Used sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers as their agents to govern Encouraged children of ruling class to get an education in Britain These children could then be the rulers of their local areas

FORMS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL Protectorates

Local ruler left in place Expected to accept the advice of European advisors on issues

like trade or missionary activity Cost less to run than a colony Didn’t require a large commitment of military/navy unless

there was a crisis Spheres of Influence

Outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

Example: Europe-China & US-Latin America

CH 25: THE PARTITION OF AFRICA Political entities before

the Partition

http://home.earthlink.net/~lazarski/imperialism/scrmblmps.htm

CH 27 – THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM

Read chapter 27 section 1 (773-778)Take Notes in three categories: What was Africa like

prior to late 1800’s, Why did Europeans develop an interest in Africa, and How did Africa change?

Answer Questions 2-7

IF YOU FINISH

Load the Imperialism Examples document from Norris’ website

Based on your notes, what type of Imperialism is each situation