J200: Journalism and Mass Communications - Week V

Manuscripts, Books, and Maps:

The Printing Press and a

Changing World

2 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

News of the day….

NYTimes “Bodies on Bridge” To Portray the Horror, News

Media Agonize (play video)

You Be the Editor Naming a Juror Went Too Far

3 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Watch for necessary conditions for mass media gestation:

Production technology Literate audience Distribution system Changes in the Infosphere

4 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Four Important Periods in the History of the Book The 7th to the 9th century was the

heyday of the church-produced "illuminated manuscript".

13th to 15th Century: The secularization of book production.

15th to 16th Century: The first printed books.

16th to 17th Century: New information is put into books; important consequences for European life and society.

Source: http://communication.ucsd.edu/bjones/Books/four.html

5 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

7th to 13th Century

7th to 13th Century: The age of religious "manuscript" book production.

Books in this period are constructed by hand,

Largely religious texts whose creation is meant as an act of worship.

6 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Scriptorium

7 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Illuminated manuscript

8 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Today’s Scriptorium: Christ in the Desert

Illuminated MSS page

www.historicpages.com/ texts/mshist.htm

9 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

13th – 15th Centuries

Canterbury Tales is written sometime between 1387 and Chaucer's death in 1400.

It is possible to see the beginning of the shift to secular concerns in religious works. The themes of the works are still religious but the secular world is beginning to intrude on the borders.

Even quasi-religious books begin to show non-religious aspects of life: more realistic looking people and artifacts. The Visconti Hours is a 14th century book of hours

10 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

The production of secular books is driven by two things:

1. The rise of universities in Europe, spreading from Italy.

2. The return of the crusaders in the 13th century, who bring with them texts from Byzantium. These books, written during the Greek and Roman periods in history, focus on this-world concerns.

11 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

15th to 16th Century:

The first printed books. These are print versions of traditional works like the Bible, books of hours (prayer books) and the religious calendars.

Press & Bible: 1455 Frankfurt Book Fair, and cost the equivalent of three years' pay for the average clerk.

By 1495: 55 publishing houses throughout Europe

1500: approximately 35,000 book titles have been printed; some 10 million copies

12 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

15-16th Centuries

1450: A few newsletters begin circulating in Europe.

1495: A paper mill is established in England.

1560: Legalized, regulated private postal systems grow in Europe.

1609: First regularly published newspaper appears in Germany.

13 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

16-17th Centuries

1631: A French newspaper carries classified ads.

First printing presses in Americas:Mexico by 1542; Cuba, Peru = 1570s.

1639: In Boston, someone is appointed to deal with foreign mail.

1639: First printing press in the American colonies

14 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

The Printing Press and a Changing World

1650: Leipzig has a daily newspaper.

1653: Parisians can put their postage-paid letters in mail boxes.

1659: Londoners get the penny post.

1661: Postal service within the colony of Virginia.

1673: Mail is delivered on a route between New York and Boston.

15 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

The Printing Press and a Changing World

1689: Newspapers are printed, at first as unfolded "broadsides."

1696: By now England has 100 paper mills.

1698: Public library opens in Charleston, S.C.

16 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

18th Century

1704: A newspaper in Boston prints advertising.

1714: Henry Mill receives patent in England for a typewriter.

1719: Reaumur proposes using wood to make paper.

1727: Schulze begins science of photochemistry.

17 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

18th Century

1755: Regular mail ship runs between England and the colonies.

1770: The eraser.

1780: Steel pen points begin to replace quill feathers.

1785: Stagecoaches carry the mail between towns in U.S.

18 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

18th Century

1790: In England, the hydraulic press is invented.

1792: Mechanical semaphore signaler built in France. 1794: Signaling system connects Paris and Lille.

1792: Postal Act gives mail regularity throughout U.S.

J200: Journalism and Mass Communications - Week V

The Book Publishing

Industry

20 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Books

Watch for necessary conditions for media evolution Production technology Literate audience(s) Distribution system

Changes in the Infosphere

21 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Some – SOME – important terms

acquisitions editor: recruits and signs new authors and titles for the company’s list of books

advance on royalties: money which the publisher anticipates earning on royalties of the book

best-selling book: a title which has sold >75,000 hardcover copies, or >100,000 paperback copies

blockbuster book: a title which has sold more than 100,000 hardcover copies

book clubs: individuals can join in order to select books from the club’s catalogue, and then purchase them through the mail or via the club’s web site, often for a discounted price

22 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

An overview of the book industry

Basic distinctions in the book publishing industry Educational books

K-12Higher educationUniversity presses - Sometimes

crossover titles

Professional books Consumer Books

23 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

The Association of American Publishers (AAP)

Divides the consumer book market… Trade books Mass market paperbacks and trade

paperbacks Religious books Book club books Mail order books University press books Subscription reference books

24 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Major trade association

American Booksellers Association http://www.bookweb.org/

Association of American Publishershttp://www.publishers.org/industry/2002.cfm

Book industry stats

25 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Digital “books”

Alexandria Digital Libraryhttp://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/frames1.html

Project Gutenberghttp://www.gutenberg.net/

“Other” publishing strategieshttp://www.lulu.com/

26 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Industry economics

Financing book publishing Is about finding, preparing,

marketing, distributing, and exhibiting books in ways that will get particular audiences to notice and buy them

Borrowing capital Sales “on consignment” Returns permitted

27 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Pick it up here

28 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Production in book publishing industry“The production of books involves finding

them and preparing them for the marketplace”

Production at a trade press Royalties Bestseller sales status Blockbuster sales status

Production at a university press Different pressures mean different approaches

Book production in the electronic age E-books http://www.palmdigitalmedia.com/?

refid=45160

29 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Ethical pitfalls in book publishing

Plagiarism “Borrowing” story and/or plot ideas The origins of Haley’s “ROOTS”

http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/haley_a.htm

Also: http://www.martinlutherking.org/roots.html

WWW.betterwhois.com Insert “martinlutherking.org” Who owns it

Stormfront Inc Go to www.stormfront.org page?

30 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Ethical pitfalls in book publishing

“Historian Ambrose sorry for copying phrases”http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/news/2002/2002_01_06_ambrose.html

31 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Reducing the risks of failure during the production process Conducting prepublication

research Hiring authors with positive

track records Offering potential authors

advances on royalties

32 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Distribution in the book industry

Getting the right number of books to the right customers

The role of wholesalers in the distribution process

Assessing a title’s popularity The size of the book’s print run The content of reviews about the book

in the media The scope of the book’s marketing plan

33 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003

Exhibition in the book industry Exhibition varies widely by the type of book

being sold Exhibition in textbook publishing

El-hi textbook adoptions vs. college textbook adoptions

The strategy of new editions Exhibition via bookstores

Large chain bookstores vs. small independent bookstores

Exhibition via computers and the web (Vistica)

Each year, more book-buyers doing web buys for books, CDs to DVDs to e-books. Maybe.

34 J200 - Week © J.T.Johnson 2002______________________________Spring 2003