j201: introduction to mass communication€¦ · opinion writer/columnists someone who writes...
TRANSCRIPT
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People and Product of JournalismJ201: Introduction to Mass Communication
February 26, 2016
Professor Chris Wells
[email protected] | @cfwells
201.journalism.wisc.edu
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BACKGROUND
Penny press, partisan press of
1800s
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TODAY: THE PEOPLE
OF JOURNALISM
&
ITS PRODUCTS
IN MODERN
JOURNALISM
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PROGRESSIVE ERA
~1890s-1910s
Social change
• Immigration
• Urbanization
• Education
• Rise of a professional middle class
Concerns about corruption
• “Robber barons”
• Parties and “patronage” system
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JOURNALISM IN PROGRESSIVE ERA
With increasing influence and
power, a need for training,
professionalism, accountability
Establishment of:
norms and practices &
official journalism schools
(UW-Madison J School, 1904)
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CAVEATS
All newspapers (magazines, TV stations etc.)
are not the same
But: there IS a reasonably coherent culture of
journalism in the country
(It is institutionalized)
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THE PEOPLE OF
JOURNALISM
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KEY ROLES
Publisher
Business staff
Managing editor
Editor
Reporter
“Ombudsman”
Editorial Board
Opinion writers/columnists
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PUBLISHER
Essentially the CEO of the newspaper
Typically 1 per newspaper
May be owner; or else answers to
shareholders
Deals with both ‘business side’ and ‘news side’
Oversees the “wall” between news and
business
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THE “WALL”
NEWS
Story selection
Coverage
Paper composition
BUSINESS
Advertisements
Subscriptions
Classifieds
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BUSINESS STAFF
Works with advertisers
• Negotiates ad placements, fees
Coordinates subscriptions, classifieds
Other business functions: accounting,
planning, strategy, advertising (for the paper),
etc.
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EDITOR/MANAGING EDITOR/EXEC
EDITOR
Several to many editors
Main tasks:
-story selection
-reporter assignment
-story editing
-editorial writing (by Editorial Board)
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REPORTER
Research
• Eyewitness to events
• Finding and interviewing sources
• Archival research
• Beat reporting
• Investigative reporting
• “shoe-leather” reporting
Example: Nick Wells covers attacker in
Brooklyn
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OMBUDSMAN
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EDITORIAL BOARD
A group of senior editors
Write the editorials
A possible career:
Reporter Editor Bureau Chief Editorial
board member
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OPINION WRITER/COLUMNISTS
Someone who writes essays expressing their
opinion
(The newspaper offers space for discussion
and debate)
Some opinion writers are regular, paid
columnists (usually 2 columns/week)
Some are invited, guest writers wanting to
express an opinion (usually not paid)
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DIFFERENT FORMS… SIMILAR
PROCESS
Newspaper
Magazine
Television news
Radio news
Internet news
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THE PRODUCT
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF JOURNALISM…
Within a daily newspaper…
“Straight” news
News analysis/Summary
Editorials
Op-eds and opinion columns
Letters
Feature sections
“the blogs”
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BYLINE
DATELINE
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EDITORIALS
Written & signed by the newspaper’s editorial
board
Express the opinion of the newspaper
Example of the newspaper as a community
institution
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OP-EDS AND OPINION COLUMNS
“opposite the editorial” or “opinion editorial”
Columns by either:
Columnists on staff with newspaper
Guests given space to express a view
Again, create a space for community
discussion
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LETTERS
Public forum function
A space in which citizens speak to/with/at the
newspaper or community
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FEATURE SECTIONS
http://www.jsonline.com/fresh/
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“THE BLOGS”
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/blogs/directory.html
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WHAT THIS MEANS FOR YOU
Need to know what you are looking at
Ask yourself: what are the expectations of
content of this type?
You might also ask: How well is the outlet
providing this kind of content?
And: Across an outlet’s coverage, how well
does it perform democratic functions?
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ALSO:
Not all content is clearly marked for its type
So you should ask, what model is this
writer/outlet following?
Especially true on the Web, where forms and
styles are often mashed up
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HAVE A GOOD
WEEKEND!