jacksonian democracy clip. the “iron horse” wins 13 miles of track built 1830 13 miles of...
TRANSCRIPT
The “Iron Horse” wins
• 1830 13 Miles of Track built
• 1850 9000 Miles of track
• 1860 31,000 Miles
The Railroad Revolution
• Immigrants built northern railroad
• Slaves built southern railroads
What can you conclude
about inland freight
(shipping domestically) based on the
chart?
American Ingenuity
• 1800 41 patents approved
– 1807 Eli Whitney• Cotton Gin
– Credit incorrectly given to Whitney, likely a slave inveted it
• Interchangeable Rifle Parts
• 1860 4,357 Patents were approved
John Deere and the Steel Plow (1837)
Cyrus McCormick: The Mechanical Reaper
• 1831
Samuel Morse- Telegraph(Texting- before Snapchat)
• 1840
Howe and SingerSewing Machine
1840s
Newspaper Growth
US Population Density
1810 1820
Western Population Growth
Where are the Federalists, now?
Evolution of Major Political PartiesTime Hamilton Jeffersonians
1792 Federalists Democratic-Republicans
1820 One partyEra of Good Feelings
1825 National Republicans
Jacksonian Democrats
1834 Whigs Democrats
1854 Republicans
Political Parties of the early 19th Century
Extension of Voting Rights
• Compare with your chart
Rise of Democratic Politics
• Read• Annotate• Summarize Document in your Notes
The Election of 1824“The Corrupt Bargain”
Andrew JacksonHenry Clay
John Quincy Adams
John C. Calhoun
“Killing 2500 British Soldiers does not qualify one for the highest office in the land” Clay
Exportation & Protest
“Tariff of Abomination”
Candidate Popular Vote
Electoral Vote
Andrew JacksonWar Hero & “Common Man”
43% 99
J.Q. AdamsSecretary of State
31% 32
William CrawfordSecretary of the Treasury
13% 41
Henry Clay Speaker of the House
13% 37
The Election of 1824“The Corrupt Bargain”
Election of 1824 – The Corrupt
Bargain• Four candidates:
– Crawford – Jackson– Clay – Adams
• No majority in Electoral College
• John Q. Adams wins in House of Representatives
• Clay appointed Secretary of State
Jackson’s “Style”- Old Hickory- Favored “Commanding” not compromising- Pro-Slavery BUT keep it a “non-issue”
- Jackson is Anti-Abolitionist – keep them from spreading their ideas
- Despised Indians - A partisan Democrat - “Common Man” theme but…?
“to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy”
Jacksonian Democracy
“The Common Man”
Rachel Jackson
“King Andrew”
• Spoils System
– “To the Victors go the spoils”
• 20% of federal positions went to “loyal” Democrats
First Seminole War
• Jackson invaded Spanish Florida in 1818– tried and executed two British
subjects• Calhoun condemned Jackson
– saying that Jackson was not ordered to invade
– suggested disciplinary action• Jackson was not aware until 1831 –
while Calhoun was his Vice President
Nullification Crisis 1832 – 1833
• Tariff of 1832• Election of 1832• Force Bill (Jackson)• Compromise Tariff
(Clay)
Nullification Crisis-Tariff of Abominations
• Tariff was passed in 1816 to protect industry
• It was as high as 33% which meant goods were expensive for people
• 1828 the tariff was again approved for a 50% rate
Nullification
• 1832—tariff passed, South Carolina nullified
• Jackson threatened to send army
• Nullification foreshadowed state sovereignty positions of the South in slavery debates
Webster – Hayne Debate
• Nationalism and Union - Daniel Webster, Massachusetts
• States Rights and Nullification – Robert Hayne, south Carolina
States Rights and Nullification
• Hayne – “The Tariff is unconstitutional and MUST be repealed.”
• Calhoun had written – “ The rights of the South have been destroyed, and must be restored…The Union is in danger and must be saved.”
Nationalism and Union
• Webster – “I go for the Constitution as it is, and for the Union, as it is. It is Sir, the people’s Constitution, the people’s government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people.”
• “...Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and Inseperable!”
• Jackson – “Our union, it must be preserved.”
• Calhoun – “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.”
• Newspaper Quote for Jackson – “ Our federal Union; It must and shall be preserved.”
Debate Continues- At a Jefferson Day Dinner, Jackson and Calhoun make a toast…(with a drink NOT with bread )
The Bank War
• “the bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.”
• Biddle - president of second bank
• Debate over renewal of National bank’s charter 1832 - 1836
• Biddle accused of corruption by Democrats
Bank War clip
Bank war• Jackson against bank – Vetoed
charter saying “…such a concentration of power in the hands of a few men, irresponsible to the people”
• After re-elected, Jackson effectively destroyed the bank – all federal $ are removed making it essentially a private bank
• The 2nd Bank of the U.S. is effectively - out of business by 1841 – becomes the basis of the Bank of America
Bank War and 2 Party System
• “The Bank War” a symbolic defense of Jacksonian concept of democracy
• Led to two important results– Formation of opposition party to Jackson— the
Whigs– Economic disruption
Jackson and the Hydra-Headed Monster
The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832
Jackson vaguely threatened bank in first term
Nicholas Biddle sought new charter four years early in 1832
Congress passed, but Jackson vetoed
Assassination attempt• First attempt on a
president’s life in us. History
• Richard Lawrence– Unemployed English
house paint• Attempted to shoot
Jackson outside capital building
• Two pistols - both misfired
• Jackson beat him with his cane while he was restrained by DavY Crockett
Killing the Bank• Jackson destroyed bank by
removing federal deposits
• Funds transferred to state (“pet”) banks
• Biddle used his powers to cause recession, attempted to blame Jackson
• Destruction of bank provoked fears of dictatorship, cost Jackson support in Congress
The Cherokee"Trail of Tears"
1838-1839Indian Removal clip
American Views on Indians
• Treaty of 1791 created the Cherokee Nation – 17,000 in NW Georgia
• Jefferson –hoped to convince the indians to abandon their “Savage ways”
• Georgia argued “the cherokee are ‘holding back civilization’ from the georgia government
• 1817 as an agent for the war dept., Jackson coerced a treaty from the cherokee to move to nw georgia
Cherokee Nation – 334 Million Acres of land – farmers with high level of literacy, had “assimilated” to be americans…but?
Federal Formal Indian Removal• Jackson agreed that federal
government had not removed Indians quickly enough
• Jackson got federal government approval for state removal initiatives with Indian Removal Act of 1830
• John Marshall- and sovereignty
Indian removal act of 1830
• Authorized the u.s. government to remove all eastern tribes(nations) by force if necessary – the seminoles take up arms (1835-1842) wars cost the U.S. $40-60 million(in 1830 $)
John Marshall’s Court Decision
• Cherokee Nation v Georgia 1831-in response to the Removal act
• Cherokee are a “Domestic Independent Nation” and are wards of the U.S. Government – The Indians had NO RIGHT to sue in U.S. Courts – would need an AMERICAN to file
John Marshall’s Court Decision
• Worcester v Georgia 1832 –
• Worcester was an american and had been removed from the cherokee lands by georgia
• Court ruled - georgia had neither the right to remove American Nor the indians – the treaties with are CONTRACTS -
Indian removal
• “Five civilized tribes”• Sequoya• Cherokee, Seminole,
Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw
• “Trail of tears”• Oklahoma• “Indian Reservation”
“John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it” Andrew Jackson or at least it is attributed to him…
Trail (S) of Tears
The Emergence of the Whigs
• Whig party a coalition of forces, first united in agreement about Jackson
• Democrats opposed government regulation of morality
Martin Van Buren
• Vice President 1833 – 1837• Elected President 1836• Established independent
Treasury • Faced Panic of 1837
1836 Election and Martin Van Buren
• Martin Van Buren Jackson’s handpicked successor
• Term began with Panic of 1837
2 Party System
• Election of 1840 permanent two-party system in the U.S.– Whigs supported a “positive liberal state”: government
should support and protect industries that help economic growth
– Democrats supported “negative liberal state”: government should not interfere in economy