Jackson’sActions

Indian Removal

Nullification Crisis

Bank War

Whites continue to move into Indian territory.States like Georgia were passing laws to try

to force Indians from their lands.Worcester v. Georgia, 1832

Courts ruled that Indian territories were nations with separate laws and states had no jurisdiction within their boarders.

The federal government did not enforce the court’s decision.

Election Results 1828

•Do you think that the Indian Removal issue had an impact on the Presidential election of 1828?

•Why did southern and frontier states all vote for Jackson?

Speech to Congress, 1830

How to you think the author of this speech feels about Indians and their culture?

What do you think supporters of Indian Removal meant when they used the term “land exchange?”

Ladies of Steubenville, 1830

Is America’s decision on the Indian Removal issue a legal question or a moral question?

What do the “ladies” think the consequences of forcing the Indians to move will be?

The Case Against Removal

You are a member of congress in 1830 when the Indian Removal Act come up a vote.

Do you vote for or against Indian Removal?

Why?

Jackson leads the effort to pass the Indian Removal Act in 1830.

Nearly all of the southern Indian tribes are forced to move to lands West of the Mississippi River.

The forced march West becomes known as the “Trail of Tears.”

What is money?What makes it valuable?Gold and silver?National bank: The wars (Revolutionary and 1812)

left the United States in debt. Some states were bankrupt. We needed one unified currency ... Alexander Hamilton suggested a central bank. The Bank of the United States would be this central bank. The Second Bank of the United States was also a commercial bank involved in making loans. Other banks resented the competition from this Federally supported institution.

Should there be a Bank of the United States?Pro’s and Con’s

B.U.S.

Interactive Slide Lecture

Pro-BankNicholas Biddle, B.U.S. presidentattempted to serve

a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs of the national economy

U.S. government has access to substantial funding

Bank should be based on paper money

Anti-BankAndrew Jackson, President U.S.A.Jackson believed

BUS was too powerful because it was privately owned.

Considered it unconstitutional regardless of Marshall’s McCulloch vs. Maryland

Bank should be based on specie (gold and silver)

•The Bank War inspired numerous

cartoons.

•Opponents referred to him as King

Andrew because used the veto more than

any president to that time…..12 times

•Destroyed the BUS in 1832 with the veto.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! 1832: Jackson vetoed the1832: Jackson vetoed the

extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

1836: the charter 1836: the charter expired.expired.

1841: the bank went1841: the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

Results of the bank closingBanknotes lose their Banknotes lose their

value.value.

Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

Credit not available.Credit not available.

Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

A triumphant Jackson holds his order to remove

government deposits from the bank as the bank crumbles and a host of demonic

characters scurry from its ruins.

Should a state have the right to nullify federal law?

Disagreements over who decides if a law is unconstitutional?

The Supreme Court? The President? Congress? The States?

The Tariff of 1828 helped industry in the North, but the farming economy of the south was being hurt by the law.

Cotton prices dropped from 31 cents per pound to 8 cents per pound in less than ten years.

South Carolina leads to protest against what they saw as an unconstitutional law by “nullifying” it.

Supporters of NullificationThe people form

the states, and the states form the federal gov.

Opponents of NullificationThe people came

together to directly form the federal gov.Preamble to the

Constitution = “We the PEOPLE…”

Supporters:Virginia and

Kentucky Resolutions of 1798

10th AmendmentJohn C. Calhoun

(Vice President and South Carolinian) published “Exposition and Protest” anonymously.

Opponents of Nullification The supremacy of the

national government based on the Supremacy Clause (Article VI) of the Constitution.

Led by Vice President John C. Calhoun

Southern planters who rely on cotton and slavery

Led by President Andrew Jackson

Merchants (mostly Northerners) who like the Tariff

Those supporting the authority of the federal government

Anti-Nullification

The Tariff of 1828 angered many Southern states because it hurt their economy.

South Carolina “nullifies” the Tariff.

Send in the military and force South Carolina to obey.

Could lead to warRevoke the Tariff of

1828.Makes the federal

government look weakCompromise

Describe how you would “meet in the middle”

Possible Solutions

1832- SC calls a convention and nullifies the tariff and threatens secession creating major national crisis.

Jackson signs the Force Bill and Tariff of 1833 at the same time.

Force Bill authorizes military action to collect tariffs and prevent secession.

Tariff of 1833 lowers the tax.

“With this hand I offer peace, with this hand I offer war, you choose.”

SC drops nullification, accepts the compromise tariff but nullifies the Force Bill at the same time.

Both sides say they won.